diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4b29336b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// The expression 4 + 5 evaluates to 9, then the
+// value 9 is assigned to the variable x
+int x = 4 + 5;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d9c2fff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// The expression 5 * 10 evaluates to 50, then the
+// expression 4 + 50 evaluates to 54, then the
+// value 54 is then assigned to the variable x
+int x = 4 + 5 * 10;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5adf4599e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// The expression 4 + 5 evaluates to 9, then the
+// expression 9 * 10 evaluates to 90, then the
+// value 90 is assigned to the variable x
+int x = (4 + 5) * 10;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8e91ed6a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix A/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+float w = 12.0 - 6.0 + 3.0; // Assigns 9 to w
+float x = 3.0 + 6.0 / 12.0; // Assigns 3.5 to x
+float y = 12.0 / 6.0 * 3.0; // Assigns 6 to y
+float z = 3.0 * 6.0 / 12.0; // Assigns 1.5 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix B/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix B/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca4ac5adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix B/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+float int = 50; // ERROR! Unexpected token: float
+line(int, 0, int, 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix B/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix B/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..943b6a544
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix B/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+int line = 50; // This does not create a program error
+line(line, 0, line, 100); // but it's very confusing
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix D/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix D/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9dbe821d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix D/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int a = 205; // In binary: 00000000000000000000000011001101
+int b = 45; // In binary: 00000000000000000000000000101101
+a = a << 24; // Converts to 11001101000000000000000000000000
+b = b << 8; // Converts to 00000000000000000010110100000000
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..16482ecfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+color c = color(204, 153, 102, 255);
+float r = (c >> 16) & 0xFF; // Faster version of red(c)
+float g = (c >> 8) & 0xFF; // Faster version of green(c)
+float b = c & 0xFF; // Faster version of blue(c)
+float a = (c >> 24) & 0xFF; // Faster version of alpha(c)
+println(r + ", " + g + ", " + b + ", " + a);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b708d9097
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+int a = 255;
+int r = 102;
+int g = 51;
+int b = 255;
+color c = (a << 24) | (r << 16) | (g << 8) | b;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c4d3f97d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// AVOID loading an image within draw(), it is slow
+void draw() {
+  PImage img = loadImage("tower.jpg");
+  image(img, 0, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14db1cb30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// AVOID creating an array inside draw(), it is slow
+void draw() {
+  int[] values = new int[200];
+  // Do something with the array here
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5525bdb18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Converts (x,y) coordinates into a position in the pixels[] array
+loadPixels();
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    pixels[y*height + x] = color(102);
+  }
+}
+updatePixels();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3d95a9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Replaces the multiplication y*height with an addition
+int offset = 0;
+loadPixels();
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    pixels[offset + x] = color(102);
+  }
+  offset += width; // Avoids the multiply
+}
+updatePixels();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bac1a3f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Avoid the calculation y*height+width
+int index = 0;
+loadPixels();
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    pixels[index++] = color(102);
+  }
+}
+updatePixels();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2ef67c770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Avoids (x,y) coordinates
+int wh = width*height;
+loadPixels();
+for (int index = 0; index < wh; index++) {
+  pixels[index] = color(102);
+}
+updatePixels();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd0949c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Only calculate the color once
+int wh = width*height;
+color c = color(102);
+loadPixels();
+for (int index = 0; index < wh; index++) {
+  pixels[index] = c;
+}
+updatePixels();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e22c85cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Appendices/Appendix E/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+int res = 16; // Number of data elements
+float[] x = new float[res]; // Create x-coordinate array
+float[] y = new float[res]; // Create y-coordinate array
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  for (int i = 0; i < res; i++) {
+    x[i] = cos(PI/res * i); // Sets x-coordinates
+    y[i] = sin(PI/res * i); // Sets y-coordinates
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < res; i++) { // Access each point
+    point(50 + x[i]*40, 50 + y[i]*40); // Draws point on a curve
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7ecd97454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Rotate a rectangle around the y-axis and x-axis
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  fill(204);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  translate(width / 2, height / 2, -width);
+  rotateY(map(mouseX, 0, width, -PI, PI));
+  rotateX(map(mouseY, 0, height, -PI, PI));
+  noStroke();
+  rect(-200, -200, 400, 400);
+  stroke(255);
+  line(0, 0, -200, 0, 0, 200);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..290b6bc36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Draw a sphere on top of a box and moves the coordinates with the mouse
+// Press a mouse button to turn on the lights
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  if (mousePressed == true) { // If the mouse is pressed,
+    lights(); // turn on lights
+  }
+  noStroke();
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(mouseX, mouseY, -500);
+  rotateY(PI / 6); // Rotate around y-axis
+  box(400, 100, 400); // Draw box
+  pushMatrix();
+  popMatrix();
+  translate(0, -200, 0); // Position the sphere
+  sphere(150); // Draw sphere on top of box
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0b73f079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Draw a cylinder centered on the y-axis, going down from y=0 to y=height.
+// The radius at the top can be different from the radius at the bottom,
+// and the number of sides drawn is variable.
+
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  lights();
+  translate(width / 2, height / 2);
+  rotateY(map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, PI));
+  rotateZ(map(mouseY, 0, height, 0, -PI));
+  noStroke();
+  fill(255, 255, 255);
+  translate(0, -40, 0);
+  drawCylinder(10, 180, 200, 16); // Draw a mix between a cylinder and a cone
+//drawCylinder(70, 70, 120, 64); // Draw a cylinder
+//drawCylinder(0, 180, 200, 4); // Draw a pyramid
+}
+
+void drawCylinder(float topRadius, float bottomRadius, float tall, int sides) {
+  float angle = 0;
+  float angleIncrement = TWO_PI / sides;
+  beginShape(QUAD_STRIP);
+  for (int i = 0; i < sides + 1; ++i) {
+    vertex(topRadius*cos(angle), 0, topRadius*sin(angle));
+    vertex(bottomRadius*cos(angle), tall, bottomRadius*sin(angle));
+    angle += angleIncrement;
+  }
+  endShape();
+  
+  // If it is not a cone, draw the circular top cap
+  if (topRadius != 0) {
+    angle = 0;
+    beginShape(TRIANGLE_FAN);
+    
+    // Center point
+    vertex(0, 0, 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < sides + 1; i++) {
+      vertex(topRadius * cos(angle), 0, topRadius * sin(angle));
+      angle += angleIncrement;
+    }
+    endShape();
+  }
+
+  // If it is not a cone, draw the circular bottom cap
+  if (bottomRadius != 0) {
+    angle = 0;
+    beginShape(TRIANGLE_FAN);
+
+    // Center point
+    vertex(0, tall, 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < sides + 1; i++) {
+      vertex(bottomRadius * cos(angle), tall, bottomRadius * sin(angle));
+      angle += angleIncrement;
+    }
+    endShape();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..870329256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Export a DXF file when the R key is pressed
+import processing.dxf.*;
+boolean record = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  noStroke();
+  sphereDetail(12);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (record == true) {
+    beginRaw(DXF, "output.dxf"); // Start recording to the file
+  }
+  lights();
+  background(0);
+  translate(width / 3, height / 3, -200);
+  rotateZ(map(mouseY, 0, height, 0, PI));
+  rotateY(map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, HALF_PI));
+  for (int y = -2; y < 2; y++) {
+    for (int x = -2; x < 2; x++) {
+      for (int z = -2; z < 2; z++) {
+        pushMatrix();
+        translate(120*x, 120*y, -120*z);
+        sphere(30);
+        popMatrix();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (record == true) {
+    endRaw();
+    record = false; // Stop recording to the file
+  }
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if (key == 'R' || key == 'r') { // Press R to save the file
+    record = true;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..526632607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Import and display an OBJ model
+// requires OBJ loader from: http://users.design.ucla.edu/%7Etatsuyas/tools/objloader/index.htm
+import saito.objloader.*;
+OBJModel model;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  model = new OBJModel(this);
+  model.load("chair.obj"); // Model must be in the data directory
+  model.drawMode(POLYGON);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  lights();
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(width / 2, height, -width);
+  rotateY(map(mouseX, 0, width, -PI, PI));
+  rotateX(PI / 4);
+  scale(6.0);
+  model.draw();
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_05/data/chair.obj b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_05/data/chair.obj
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5d68177d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_05/data/chair.obj	
@@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+# Max2Obj Version 6.0 Jul 29th, 2003
+#
+# object Zidle_A_01 to come ...
+#
+v  25.899904251099 23.408611297607 -0.629936158657
+v  25.836200714111 25.364303588867 -0.263177931309
+v  27.800601959229 25.365760803223 0.069837525487
+v  27.862743377686 23.408617019653 -0.297489136457
+v  18.490375518799 14.684046745300 47.418430328369
+v  18.440059661865 16.955835342407 47.789150238037
+v  20.043802261353 16.503309249878 49.659057617188
+v  20.093072891235 14.531045913696 49.332595825195
+v  -16.846343994141 14.688239097595 46.918945312500
+v  -16.802133560181 16.952724456787 47.287803649902
+v  -18.368827819824 16.504928588867 49.132251739502
+v  -18.412220001221 14.528832435608 48.805358886719
+v  -25.921289443970 23.417802810669 -0.664852082729
+v  -25.860712051392 25.372976303101 -0.295692503452
+v  -27.811634063721 25.357145309448 0.108631089330
+v  -27.870645523071 23.400211334229 -0.261199921370
+v  25.899911880493 -23.408607482910 -0.629936039448
+v  18.490377426147 -14.684038162231 47.418426513672
+v  18.440063476563 -16.955827713013 47.789150238037
+v  25.836208343506 -25.364299774170 -0.263179510832
+v  20.043806076050 -16.503301620483 49.659053802490
+v  27.800609588623 -25.365755081177 0.069835931063
+v  20.093074798584 -14.531042098999 49.332595825195
+v  27.862751007080 -23.408609390259 -0.297488987446
+v  -16.846340179443 -14.688243865967 46.918941497803
+v  -16.802129745483 -16.952732086182 47.287799835205
+v  -18.368824005127 -16.504932403564 49.132247924805
+v  -18.412216186523 -14.528839111328 48.805355072021
+v  -25.921281814575 -23.417812347412 -0.664851963520
+v  -25.860704421997 -25.372985839844 -0.295694082975
+v  -27.811626434326 -25.357158660889 0.108629494905
+v  -27.870637893677 -23.400218963623 -0.261199772358
+v  -18.623430252075 16.727024078369 47.560352325439
+v  -16.677518844604 16.706054687500 47.985088348389
+v  -16.678075790405 14.717395782471 47.891605377197
+v  -18.623422622681 14.736910820007 47.466884613037
+v  -27.272499084473 15.222574234009 84.866127014160
+v  -25.269447326660 15.205821037292 85.282051086426
+v  -24.996809005737 13.190135955811 84.316917419434
+v  -27.163030624390 13.216644287109 83.865890502930
+v  -28.435161590576 9.060468673706 90.615600585938
+v  -26.399826049805 9.061535835266 91.022407531738
+v  -25.888158798218 8.663914680481 88.721542358398
+v  -28.023075103760 8.663537025452 88.295997619629
+v  -27.277370452881 -14.577423095703 84.897369384766
+v  -25.276775360107 -14.559969902039 85.312210083008
+v  -24.988948822021 -12.567503929138 84.289779663086
+v  -27.159948348999 -12.594882965088 83.838508605957
+v  -18.626295089722 -16.608646392822 47.575656890869
+v  -16.680219650269 -16.586662292480 48.000041961670
+v  -16.675401687622 -14.599632263184 47.876705169678
+v  -18.620721817017 -14.620159149170 47.452362060547
+v  -28.497978210449 -7.499320507050 90.926193237305
+v  -26.461677551270 -7.500489711761 91.333389282227
+v  -25.948324203491 -7.194749355316 89.017547607422
+v  -28.081348419189 -7.194259643555 88.592170715332
+v  -28.929925918579 0.780594170094 93.339157104492
+v  -26.910228729248 0.780539214611 93.742111206055
+v  -26.363113403320 0.734772324562 91.350273132324
+v  -28.515964508057 0.734819710255 90.918952941895
+v  19.686010360718 14.649426460266 47.787284851074
+v  -17.228097915649 14.649420738220 47.787284851074
+v  19.686014175415 -14.441827774048 47.787284851074
+v  -17.228094100952 -14.441833496094 47.787284851074
+v  19.686010360718 14.649426460266 48.887374877930
+v  -17.228097915649 14.649420738220 48.887374877930
+v  19.686014175415 -14.441827774048 48.887374877930
+v  -17.228094100952 -14.441833496094 48.887374877930
+v  19.105789184570 14.173642158508 49.527408599854
+v  -16.647876739502 14.173636436462 49.527408599854
+v  -16.647872924805 -13.966049194336 49.527408599854
+v  19.105792999268 -13.966043472290 49.527408599854
+v  12.830347061157 9.088206291199 49.338916778564
+v  -10.372433662415 9.088202476501 49.338916778564
+v  -10.372431755066 -8.880614280701 49.338916778564
+v  12.830348968506 -8.880610466003 49.338916778564
+v  22.474662780762 4.952341556549 44.959941864014
+v  22.474662780762 -4.744742870331 44.959941864014
+v  23.136726379395 -4.744740962982 45.838500976563
+v  23.136726379395 4.952343463898 45.838500976563
+v  23.058534622192 -4.586146831512 46.698844909668
+v  23.058536529541 4.793749332428 46.698841094971
+v  16.227718353271 -2.891003131866 49.338916778564
+v  16.227716445923 3.098601818085 49.338916778564
+v  -26.214628219604 -13.175243377686 83.052528381348
+v  -19.325101852417 -14.434352874756 53.286815643311
+v  -26.214639663696 13.382827758789 83.052528381348
+v  -19.325113296509 14.641944885254 53.286819458008
+v  -25.143526077271 -13.175243377686 83.303398132324
+v  -18.253999710083 -14.434352874756 53.537693023682
+v  -25.143537521362 13.382827758789 83.303405761719
+v  -18.254011154175 14.641945838928 53.537693023682
+v  -24.388038635254 -12.740889549255 82.884429931641
+v  -17.763151168823 -13.958812713623 54.248584747314
+v  -17.763162612915 14.166405677795 54.248584747314
+v  -24.388048171997 12.948475837708 82.884429931641
+v  -22.705802917480 -8.098277091980 76.833168029785
+v  -18.943153381348 -8.875991821289 60.417484283447
+v  -18.943161010742 9.083584785461 60.417484283447
+v  -22.705812454224 8.305867195129 76.833168029785
+v  -26.989404678345 -4.322551250458 86.360374450684
+v  -26.989406585693 4.530138492584 86.360374450684
+v  -25.918304443359 4.530136585236 86.611251831055
+v  -25.918302536011 -4.322553157806 86.611244201660
+v  -25.162815093994 4.385353565216 86.192276000977
+v  -25.162813186646 -4.177768230438 86.192276000977
+v  -23.480581283569 2.837816715240 80.141014099121
+v  -23.480579376221 -2.630231380463 80.141014099121
+v  -19.325109481812 4.949844360352 53.286819458008
+v  -19.325107574463 -4.742256164551 53.286819458008
+v  -18.254005432129 -4.742254257202 53.537693023682
+v  -18.254007339478 4.949846267700 53.537693023682
+v  -17.763156890869 -4.583739757538 54.248584747314
+v  -17.763158798218 4.791332721710 54.248584747314
+v  -18.943157196045 -2.889466762543 60.417484283447
+v  -18.943159103394 3.097059726715 60.417484283447
+# 116 vertices
+
+vt  -24.983833312988 -26.063531875610 -0.694362461567
+vt  -24.938697814941 -25.800083160400 0.694362521172
+vt  -26.332603454590 -25.561277389526 0.694362461567
+vt  -26.377738952637 -25.824726104736 -0.694362521172
+vt  -17.487480163574 21.850849151611 -9.238789558411
+vt  -17.448310852051 22.079463958740 -7.843263626099
+vt  -18.641181945801 23.491695404053 -8.072401046753
+vt  -18.680351257324 23.263076782227 -9.467928886414
+vt  18.140369415283 21.356575012207 -9.239566802979
+vt  18.105138778687 21.584888458252 -7.843820571899
+vt  19.258998870850 22.964744567871 -8.071624755859
+vt  19.294229507446 22.736431121826 -9.467370033264
+vt  27.285417556763 -26.089975357056 -0.687983930111
+vt  27.242393493652 -25.824773788452 0.700474679470
+vt  28.626508712769 -25.534833908081 0.687984049320
+vt  28.669532775879 -25.800035476685 -0.700474560261
+vt  -24.983833312988 -26.063533782959 -47.974983215332
+vt  -17.487480163574 21.850845336914 -39.430557250977
+vt  -17.448310852051 22.079463958740 -40.826084136963
+vt  -24.938697814941 -25.800086975098 -49.363708496094
+vt  -18.641181945801 23.491691589355 -40.596946716309
+vt  -26.332603454590 -25.561281204224 -49.363708496094
+vt  -18.680351257324 23.263076782227 -39.201419830322
+vt  -26.377738952637 -25.824728012085 -47.974983215332
+vt  18.140369415283 21.356571197510 -39.429779052734
+vt  18.105138778687 21.584884643555 -40.825527191162
+vt  19.258998870850 22.964740753174 -40.597721099854
+vt  19.294229507446 22.736427307129 -39.201976776123
+vt  27.285417556763 -26.089977264404 -47.981361389160
+vt  27.242393493652 -25.824777603149 -49.369819641113
+vt  28.626508712769 -25.534837722778 -49.357330322266
+vt  28.669532775879 -25.800037384033 -47.968868255615
+vt  19.550821304321 22.079088211060 -7.911951065063
+vt  18.168672561646 22.378185272217 -7.926216125488
+vt  18.168672561646 22.310815811157 -9.338824272156
+vt  19.550821304321 22.011718750000 -9.324559211731
+vt  28.077938079834 58.962402343750 -9.466709136963
+vt  26.692619323730 59.246894836426 -9.480277061462
+vt  26.553951263428 58.540180206299 -10.862394332886
+vt  27.939270019531 58.255687713623 -10.848826408386
+vt  29.193300247192 64.552856445313 -15.466491699219
+vt  27.806550979614 64.830207824707 -15.467369079590
+vt  27.461914062500 63.104469299316 -15.501105308533
+vt  28.848716735840 62.827384948730 -15.500129699707
+vt  28.081987380981 58.982704162598 -38.561283111572
+vt  26.696582794189 59.266757965088 -38.547275543213
+vt  26.549911499023 58.519870758057 -37.177703857422
+vt  27.935316085815 58.235816955566 -37.191711425781
+vt  19.552829742432 22.089979171753 -40.634887695313
+vt  18.170631408691 22.388816833496 -40.619941711426
+vt  18.166673660278 22.299924850464 -39.208530426025
+vt  19.548871994019 22.001087188721 -39.223476409912
+vt  29.254201889038 64.856658935547 -31.654993057251
+vt  27.867467880249 65.134078979492 -31.654163360596
+vt  27.522718429565 63.408370971680 -31.687810897827
+vt  28.909502029419 63.131198883057 -31.688722610474
+vt  29.685031890869 67.214920043945 -23.560743331909
+vt  28.298290252686 67.492309570313 -23.560766220093
+vt  27.953598022461 65.766586303711 -23.594459533691
+vt  29.340389251709 65.489463806152 -23.594427108765
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.333333343267 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.666666686535 0.000000000000
+vt  0.666666626930 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.333333313465 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.333333343267 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.666666686535 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.666666626930 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.333333313465 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.666666626930 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.333333313465 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.333333343267 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.666666686535 0.000000000000
+vt  0.666666626930 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.333333313465 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.333333343267 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.666666686535 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.666666626930 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.333333313465 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.666666626930 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.333333313465 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.666666626930 0.000000000000
+vt  0.000000000000 0.333333313465 0.000000000000
+vt  0.666666626930 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.333333313465 0.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.333333343267 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  0.666666686535 1.000000000000 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.333333343267 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.666666686535 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.333333343267 0.000000000000
+vt  1.000000000000 0.666666686535 0.000000000000
+# 146 texture vertices
+
+g Zidle_A_01
+s 1
+f 1/1 5/5 6/6 2/2
+f 2/2 6/6 7/7 3/3
+f 3/3 7/7 8/8 4/4
+f 4/4 8/8 5/5 1/1
+f 5/5 9/9 10/10 6/6
+f 6/6 10/10 11/11 7/7
+f 7/7 11/11 12/12 8/8
+f 8/8 12/12 9/9 5/5
+f 9/9 13/13 14/14 10/10
+f 10/10 14/14 15/15 11/11
+f 11/11 15/15 16/16 12/12
+f 12/12 16/16 13/13 9/9
+f 1/1 2/2 3/3 4/4
+f 17/17 20/20 19/19 18/18
+f 20/20 22/22 21/21 19/19
+f 22/22 24/24 23/23 21/21
+f 24/24 17/17 18/18 23/23
+f 18/18 19/19 26/26 25/25
+f 19/19 21/21 27/27 26/26
+f 21/21 23/23 28/28 27/27
+f 23/23 18/18 25/25 28/28
+f 25/25 26/26 30/30 29/29
+f 26/26 27/27 31/31 30/30
+f 27/27 28/28 32/32 31/31
+f 28/28 25/25 29/29 32/32
+f 17/17 24/24 22/22 20/20
+f 33/33 37/37 38/38 34/34
+f 34/34 38/38 39/39 35/35
+f 35/35 39/39 40/40 36/36
+f 36/36 40/40 37/37 33/33
+f 37/37 41/41 42/42 38/38
+f 38/38 42/42 43/43 39/39
+f 39/39 43/43 44/44 40/40
+f 40/40 44/44 41/41 37/37
+f 53/53 45/45 46/46 54/54
+f 54/54 46/46 47/47 55/55
+f 55/55 47/47 48/48 56/56
+f 56/56 48/48 45/45 53/53
+f 45/45 49/49 50/50 46/46
+f 46/46 50/50 51/51 47/47
+f 47/47 51/51 52/52 48/48
+f 48/48 52/52 49/49 45/45
+f 33/33 34/34 35/35 36/36
+f 42/42 41/41 57/57 58/58
+f 43/43 42/42 58/58 59/59
+f 44/44 43/43 59/59 60/60
+f 41/41 44/44 60/60 57/57
+f 58/58 57/57 53/53 54/54
+f 59/59 58/58 54/54 55/55
+f 60/60 59/59 55/55 56/56
+f 57/57 60/60 56/56 53/53
+s 0
+f 64/64 77/89 78/90 63/63
+f 64/64 62/62 61/61 77/89
+s 1
+f 75/87 84/98 73/85 74/86
+f 83/97 84/98 75/87 76/88
+s 2
+f 66/68 65/67 61/65 62/66
+s 4
+f 68/72 66/71 62/69 64/70
+s 2
+f 67/76 68/75 64/73 63/74
+s 4
+f 79/93 78/92 77/91 80/94
+s 2
+f 70/82 69/81 65/67 66/68
+s 4
+f 71/83 70/82 66/71 68/72
+s 2
+f 72/84 71/83 68/75 67/76
+s 5
+f 81/95 79/93 80/94 82/96
+s 3
+f 74/86 73/85 69/81 70/82
+s 5
+f 75/87 74/86 70/82 71/83
+s 3
+f 76/88 75/87 71/83 72/84
+s 1
+f 83/97 81/95 82/96 84/98
+s 4
+f 80/94 77/91 61/78 65/80
+f 78/92 79/93 67/79 63/77
+f 69/81 82/96 80/94 65/80
+f 79/93 81/95 72/84 67/79
+s 5
+f 73/85 84/98 82/96 69/81
+f 81/95 83/97 76/88 72/84
+s 2
+f 110/138 86/100 85/99 101/127
+s 1
+f 115/145 116/146 97/123 98/124
+f 99/125 108/136 97/123 116/146
+f 107/135 108/136 99/125 100/126
+s 4
+f 90/106 89/105 85/103 86/104
+s 8
+f 111/141 110/140 109/139 112/142
+s 4
+f 91/114 92/113 88/111 87/112
+f 103/131 102/130 101/129 104/132
+f 94/120 93/119 89/105 90/106
+s 9
+f 113/143 111/141 112/142 114/144
+s 4
+f 96/122 95/121 92/113 91/114
+s 5
+f 105/133 103/131 104/132 106/134
+f 98/124 97/123 93/119 94/120
+s 1
+f 115/145 113/143 114/144 116/146
+s 5
+f 100/126 99/125 95/121 96/122
+s 1
+f 107/135 105/133 106/134 108/136
+s 4
+f 104/132 101/129 85/116 89/118
+f 102/130 103/131 91/117 87/115
+s 5
+f 93/119 106/134 104/132 89/118
+f 103/131 105/133 96/122 91/117
+s 1
+f 97/123 108/136 106/134 93/119
+f 105/133 107/135 100/126 96/122
+s 8
+f 112/142 109/139 88/108 92/110
+f 110/140 111/141 90/109 86/107
+f 95/121 114/144 112/142 92/110
+f 111/141 113/143 94/120 90/109
+s 9
+f 99/125 116/146 114/144 95/121
+f 113/143 115/145 98/124 94/120
+s 2
+f 109/137 102/128 87/101 88/102
+f 110/138 101/127 102/128 109/137
+s 1
+f 15/15 14/14 13/13
+f 16/16 15/15 13/13
+f 31/31 29/29 30/30
+f 32/32 29/29 31/31
+f 51/51 50/50 49/49
+f 52/52 51/51 49/49
+# 109 faces
+
+g
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23ca4b7fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// The camera lifts up while looking at the same point
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  fill(204);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  lights();
+  background(0);
+  // Change height of the camera with mouseY
+  camera(30.0, mouseY, 220.0, // eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ
+         0.0, 0.0, 0.0, // centerX, centerY, centerZ
+         0.0, 1.0, 0.0); // upX, upY, upZ
+  noStroke();
+  box(90);
+  stroke(255);
+  line(-100, 0, 0, 100, 0, 0);
+  line(0, -100, 0, 0, 100, 0);
+  line(0, 0, -100, 0, 0, 100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a0dc5c7ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Vary the specular reflection component of a material
+// with vertical position of the mouse
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  noStroke();
+  colorMode(RGB, 1);
+  fill(0.4);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  translate(width / 2, height / 2);
+  // Set the specular color of lights that follow
+  lightSpecular(1, 1, 1);
+  directionalLight(0.8, 0.8, 0.8, 0, 0, -1);
+  float s = mouseX / float(width);
+  specular(s, s, s);
+  sphere(100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9125aba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Draw a box with three different kinds of lights
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  translate(width / 2, height / 2);
+  // Orange point light on the right
+  pointLight(150, 100, 0, // Color
+             200, -150, 0); // Position
+
+  // Blue directional light from the left
+  directionalLight(0, 102, 255, // Color
+                   1, 0, 0); // The x-, y-, z-axis direction
+
+  // Yellow spotlight from the front
+  spotLight(255, 255, 109, // Color
+            0, 40, 200, // Position
+            0, -0.5, -0.5, // Direction
+            PI / 2, 2); // Angle, concentration
+  
+  rotateY(map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, PI));
+  rotateX(map(mouseY, 0, height, 0, PI));
+  box(200);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..49a3f3f5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/3D/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Load an image and draw it onto a cylinder and a quad
+int tubeRes = 32;
+float[] tubeX = new float[tubeRes];
+float[] tubeY = new float[tubeRes];
+PImage img;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 400, P3D);
+  img = loadImage("berlin-1.jpg");
+  float angle = 270.0 / tubeRes;
+  for (int i = 0; i < tubeRes; i++) {
+    tubeX[i] = cos(radians(i * angle));
+    tubeY[i] = sin(radians(i * angle));
+  }
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  translate(width / 2, height / 2);
+  rotateX(map(mouseY, 0, height, -PI, PI));
+  rotateY(map(mouseX, 0, width, -PI, PI));
+  beginShape(QUAD_STRIP);
+  texture(img);
+  for (int i = 0; i < tubeRes; i++) {
+    float x = tubeX[i] * 100;
+    float z = tubeY[i] * 100;
+    float u = img.width / tubeRes * i;
+    vertex(x, -100, z, u, 0);
+    vertex(x, 100, z, u, img.height);
+  }
+  endShape();
+  beginShape(QUADS);
+  texture(img);
+  vertex(0, -100, 0, 0, 0);
+  vertex(100, -100, 0, 100, 0);
+  vertex(100, 100, 0, 100, 100);
+  vertex(0, 100, 0, 0, 100);
+  endShape();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_01A/_01A.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_01A/_01A.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7a6b1af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_01A/_01A.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Code for sensing a switch status and writing the value to the serial port
+int switchPin = 0; // Switch connected to pin 0
+
+void setup() {
+  pinMode(switchPin, INPUT); // Set pin 0 as an input
+  Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 bps
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  if (digitalRead(switchPin) == HIGH) { // If switch is ON,
+    Serial.print(1, BYTE); // send 1 to Processing
+  } else { // If the switch is not ON,
+    Serial.print(0, BYTE); // send 0 to Processing
+  }
+  delay(100); // Wait 100 milliseconds
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_01B/_01B.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_01B/_01B.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6284fa05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_01B/_01B.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Read data from the serial port and change the color of a rectangle
+// when a switch connected to the board is pressed and released
+import processing.serial.*;
+Serial port; // Create object from Serial class
+int val; // Data received from the serial port
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 200);
+  frameRate(10);
+// Open the port that the board is connected to and use the same speed (9600 bps)
+  port = new Serial(this, 9600);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (0 < port.available()) { // If data is available,
+    val = port.read(); // read it and store it in val
+  }
+  background(255); // Set background to white
+  if (val == 0) { // If the serial value is 0,
+    fill(0); // set fill to black
+  } else { // If the serial value is not 0,
+    fill(204); // set fill to light gray
+  }
+  rect(50, 50, 100, 100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_02A/_02A.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_02A/_02A.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..586b5804d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_02A/_02A.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// Code to read an analog value and write it to the serial port
+int val;
+int inputPin = 0; // Set the input to analog in pin 0
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 bps
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  val = analogRead(inputPin) / 4; // Read analog input pin, put in range 0 to 255
+  Serial.print(val, BYTE); // Send the value
+  delay(100); // Wait 100ms for next reading
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_02B/_02B.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_02B/_02B.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..463173016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_02B/_02B.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Read data from the serial port and assign it to a variable. Set the fill a
+// rectangle on the screen using the value read from a light sensor connected
+// to the Wiring or Arduino board
+import processing.serial.*;
+Serial port; // Create object from Serial class
+int val; // Data received from the serial port
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 200);
+  noStroke();
+  frameRate(10); // Run 10 frames per second
+// Open the port that the board is connected to and use the same speed (9600 bps)
+  port = new Serial(this, 9600);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (0 < port.available()) { // If data is available to read,
+    val = port.read(); // read it and store it in val
+  }
+  background(204); // Clear background
+  fill(val); // Set fill color with the value read
+  rect(50, 50, 100, 100); // Draw square
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_03A/_03A.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_03A/_03A.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..af0a68de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_03A/_03A.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Read data from the serial and turn ON or OFF a light depending on the value
+char val; // Data received from the serial port
+int ledPin = 0; // Set the pin to digital I/O 0
+
+void setup() {
+  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set pin as OUTPUT
+  Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 bps
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  if (Serial.available()) { // If data is available to read,
+    val = Serial.read(); // read it and store it in val
+  }
+  if (val == 'H') { // If H was received
+    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // turn the LED on
+  } else {
+    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Otherwise turn it OFF
+  }
+  delay(100); // Wait 100 milliseconds for next reading
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_03B/_03B.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_03B/_03B.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2241f664f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_03B/_03B.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Check if the mouse is over a rectangle and writes the status to the serial port
+import processing.serial.*;
+
+Serial port; // Create object from Serial class
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 200);
+  noStroke();
+  frameRate(10);
+// Open the port that the board is connected to and use the same speed (9600 bps)
+  port = new Serial(this, 9600);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  if (mouseOverRect() == true) { // If mouse is over square,
+    fill(204); // change color and
+    port.write('H'); // send an H to indicate mouse is over square
+  } else { // If mouse is not over square,
+    fill(0); // change color and
+    port.write('L'); // send an L otherwise
+  }
+  rect(50, 50, 100, 100); // Draw a square
+}
+
+boolean mouseOverRect() { // Test if mouse is over square
+  return ((mouseX >= 50) && (mouseX <= 150) && (mouseY >= 50) && (mouseY <= 150));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_04A/_04A.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_04A/_04A.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5203ea31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_04A/_04A.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Read data from the serial port and set the position of a servomotor
+// according to the value
+Servo myservo; // Create servo object to control a servo
+
+int servoPin = 0; // Connect yellow servo wire to digital I/O pin 0
+int val = 0; // Data received from the serial port
+
+void setup() {
+  myservo.attach(servoPin); // Attach the servo to the PWM pin
+  Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 bps
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  if (Serial.available()) { // If data is available to read,
+    val = Serial.read(); // read it and store it in val
+  }
+  myservo.write(val); // Set the servo position
+  delay(15); // Wait for the servo to get there
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_04B/_04B.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_04B/_04B.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3382f1fa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_04B/_04B.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Write data to the serial port according to the mouseX value
+import processing.serial.*;
+
+Serial port; // Create object from Serial class
+float mx = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 200);
+  noStroke();
+  frameRate(10);
+// Open the port that the board is connected to and use the same speed (9600 bps)
+  port = new Serial(this, 9600);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0); // Clear background
+  fill(204); // Set fill color
+  rect(40, height / 2 - 15, 120, 25); // Draw square
+  float dif = mouseX - mx;
+  if (abs(dif) > 1.0) {
+    mx += dif / 4.0;
+  }
+  mx = constrain(mx, 50, 149); // Keeps marker on the screen
+  noStroke();
+  fill(255);
+  rect(50, (height / 2) - 5, 100, 5);
+  fill(204, 102, 0);
+  rect(mx - 2, height / 2 - 5, 4, 5); // Draw the position marker
+  int angle = int(map(mx, 50, 149, 0, 180)); // Scale the value the range 0-180
+//print(angle + " "); // Print the current angle (debug)
+  port.write(angle); // Write the angle to the serial port
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_05A/_05A.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_05A/_05A.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..85fe0be50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_05A/_05A.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Read data from the serial and turns a DC motor on or off according to the value
+char val; // Data received from the serial port
+int motorpin = 0; // Wiring: Connect L293D Pin En1 connected to Pin PWM 0
+// int motorpin = 9; // Arduino: Connect L293D Pin En1 to Pin PWM 9
+
+void setup() {
+  Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 bps
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  if (Serial.available()) { // If data is available,
+    val = Serial.read(); // read it and store it in val
+  }
+  if (val == 'H') { // If 'H' was received,
+    analogWrite(motorpin, 125); // turn the motor on at medium speed
+  } else { // If 'H' was not received
+    analogWrite(motorpin, 0); // turn the motor off
+  }
+  delay(100); // Wait 100 milliseconds for next reading
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_05B/_05B.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_05B/_05B.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dae509627
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Electronics/_05B/_05B.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// Write data to the serial port according to the status of a button controlled
+// by the mouse
+import processing.serial.*;
+Serial port; // Create serial port object
+boolean rectOver = false;
+int rectX, rectY; // Position of square button
+int rectSize = 100; // Diameter of rect
+color rectColor;
+boolean buttonOn = false; // Status of the button
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 200);
+  noStroke();
+  frameRate(10);
+  rectColor = color(100);
+  rectX = width / 2 - rectSize / 2;
+  rectY = height / 2 - rectSize / 2;
+// Open the port that the board is connected to and use the same speed (9600 bps)
+  port = new Serial(this, 9600);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  background(0); // Clear background to black
+  fill(rectColor);
+  rect(rectX, rectY, rectSize, rectSize);
+}
+void update(int x, int y) {
+  if (overRect(rectX, rectY, rectSize, rectSize) == true) {
+    rectOver = true;
+  } else {
+    rectOver = false;
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  if (rectOver == true) {
+    if (buttonOn == true) {
+      rectColor = color(100);
+      buttonOn = false;
+      port.write('L'); // Send an L to indicate button is OFF
+    } else {
+      rectColor = color(180);
+      buttonOn = true;
+      port.write('H'); // Send an H to indicate button is ON
+    }
+  }
+}
+boolean overRect(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
+  if ((mouseX >= x) && (mouseX <= x + width) &&
+      (mouseY >= y) && (mouseY <= y + height)) {
+    return true;
+  } else {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e1c732d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// The image file, named sprite.png in this example, must be located in the
+// sketch data folder. From the Sketch menu, choose "Add File" to copy files into
+// the sketch data folder.
+PImage img = loadImage("sprite.png");
+// The coordinates (0, 0) refer to the top-left corder of the screen
+image(img, 0, 0);
+// The following coordinate calculations will center the image in the screen
+image(img, (width – img.width) / 2, (height – img.height) / 2);
+// Finally, the next line will position the image in the bottom-right corner
+image(img, width – img.width, height – img.height);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c54213f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+String s;
+PFont font;
+void setup() {
+  font = loadFont(); // Load and set the default font for drawing text
+  textFont(font);
+  softkey("Input"); // Create a softkey called Input
+  s = "No input"; // Initialize s with an initial message
+}
+void draw() {
+  background(200);
+  text(s, 0, height / 2); // Draw the String s in the middle of the screen
+}
+
+void softkeyPressed(String label) {
+// Check the value of the softkey label to determine the action to take
+  if (label.equals("Input")) {
+// If the Input softkey is pressed, open a textInput window for the user
+// to type text. It will be drawn on the screen by the draw() method
+    s = textInput();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3753a6162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+PFont font;
+
+void setup() {
+  font = loadFont();
+  textFont(font);
+  softkey("Delete"); // Use softkey to to delete characters from the multitap buffer
+  multitap(); // Turn on multitap key input
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(200);
+  text(multitapText, 0, height / 2); // Draw the text captured with multitap
+}
+void softkeyPressed(String label) {
+  if (label.equals("Delete")) {
+    multitapDeleteChar(); // Delete a character
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aef2e609e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// The PClient object is used to initiate requests to the server
+PClient c;
+// The PRequest object represents an active request from which we receive
+// status information and data from the server
+PRequest request;
+int counter;
+PFont font;
+PImage img;
+String version;
+String error;
+
+void setup() {
+  font = loadFont(); // Load and set the default font for drawing text
+  textFont(font);
+  fill(0);
+// Create a new network connection to connect to the Mobile Processing website
+  c = new PClient(this, "mobile.processing.org");
+// Start by fetching the logo for Mobile Processing the filename is a relative path
+// specified in the same way as a URL in a webpage
+  request = c.GET("/images/mobile.png");
+// Use the counter to keep track of what we're fetching
+  counter = 0;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  int y = 0;
+  if (error != null) {
+// A network error has occured, so display the message
+    y += font.baseline;
+    text(error, 0, y);
+  } else if (img == null) {
+// The img is not yet fetched, so draw a status message
+    y += font.baseline;
+    text("Fetching image...", 0, y);
+  } else {
+// Draw the image
+    image(img, (width - img.width) / 2, y);
+    y += img.height + font.baseline;
+    if (version == null) {
+// The version text is not yet fetched, so draw a status message
+      text("Checking version...", 0, y);
+    } else {
+// Draw the version as reported by the website
+      text("Latest version: " + version, 0, y);
+    }
+  }
+}
+// The libraryEvent() will be called when a library, in this case the Net
+// library, has an event to report back to the program
+void libraryEvent(Object library, int event, Object data) {
+// Make sure we handle the event from the right library
+  if (library == request) {
+    if (event == PRequest.EVENT_CONNECTED) {
+// This event occurs when the connection is complete, so we can start
+// reading the data. The readBytes() method will read all the data returned
+// by the server and send another event when completed.
+      request.readBytes();
+    } else if (event == PRequest.EVENT_DONE) {
+// Reading is complete! Check the counter to see what we're transferring,
+// then process the data. The data object in this case is an array of bytes.
+      byte[] bytes = (byte[]) data;
+      if (counter == 0) {
+// This is the logo, so create an image from the bytes
+        img = new PImage(bytes);
+// Now that we have the logo image, fetch the latest version text for
+// Mobile Processing. We use the client object to initiate a new request
+        request = c.GET("/download/latest.txt");
+// Set the counter to 1 to represent the tex
+        counter = 1;
+      } else if (counter == 1) {
+// This is the version text, so create a string from the bytes
+        version = new String(bytes);
+      }
+    } else if (event == PRequest.EVENT_ERROR) {
+// The data object in this case is an error message
+      error = (String) data;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a0c20636c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import processing.sound.*;
+// Notes range from 0 to 127 as in the MIDI specification
+int[] notes = { 60, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74 };
+
+void setup() {
+  noLoop(); // No drawing in this sketch, so we don't need to run the draw() loop
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if ((key >= '1') && (key <= '9')) {
+// Use the key as an index into the array of notes
+    Sound.playTone(notes[key - '1'], 500, 80);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6054f8b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import processing.sound.*;
+Sound s;
+
+void setup() {
+// The file, soundtrack.mid, must be copied into the data folder of this sketch
+  s = new Sound("soundtrack.mid");
+  softkey("Play");
+  noLoop();
+}
+void softkeyPressed(String label) {
+  if (label.equals("Play")) {
+    s.play();
+    softkey("Pause"); // Change the label of the softkey to Pause
+  } else if (label.equals("Pause")) {
+    s.pause();
+    softkey("Play"); // Change the label of the softkey back to Play
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..43dcc79eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import processing.sound.*;
+PFont font = loadFont();
+textFont(font);
+background(255);
+fill(0);
+
+// Get a list of the supported types of media on the phone
+String[] types = Sound.supportedTypes();
+// Start at the top of the screen
+int y = font.baseline;
+// Draw each of the supported types on the screen
+for (int i = 0, length = types.length; i < length; i++) {
+// Draw the supported type (represented as an
+// Internet MIME type string, such as audio/x-wav)
+  text(types[i], 0, y);
+// Go to the next line
+  y += font.height;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..71a8cb2a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Mobile/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import processing.phone.*;
+Phone p;
+
+void setup() {
+  p = new Phone(this);
+  noLoop(); // No drawing in this sketch, so we don't need to run the draw() loop
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  switch (key) {
+	  case '1':
+       // Vibrate the phone for 200 milliseconds
+	    p.vibrate(200);
+	    break;
+
+	  case '2':
+       // Flash the backlight for 200 milliseconds
+	    p.flash(200);
+	    break;
+
+	  case '3':
+       // Dial 411 on the phone
+	    p.call("411");
+	    break;
+	  case '4':
+       // Launch the Web browser
+	    p.launch("http://mobile.processing.org/");
+	    break;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b95744578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// A simple Web client using HTTP
+import processing.net.*;
+
+Client c;
+String data;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 200);
+  background(50);
+  fill(200);
+  c = new Client(this, "www.processing.org", 80); // Connect to server on port 80
+  c.write("GET / HTTP/1.0\n"); // Use the HTTP "GET" command to ask for a Web page
+  c.write("Host: my_domain_name.com\n\n"); // Be polite and say who we are
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (c.available() > 0) { // If there's incoming data from the client...
+    data += c.readString(); // ...then grab it and print it
+    println(data);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_02A/_02A.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_02A/_02A.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..688f76f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_02A/_02A.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import processing.net.*;
+
+Server s;
+Client c;
+String input;
+int data[];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(450, 255);
+  background(204);
+  stroke(0);
+  frameRate(5); // Slow it down a little
+  s = new Server(this, 12345); // Start a simple server on a port
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+// Draw our line
+    stroke(255);
+    line(pmouseX, pmouseY, mouseX, mouseY);
+// Send mouse coords to other person
+    s.write(pmouseX + " " + pmouseY + " " + mouseX + " " + mouseY + "\n");
+  }
+// Receive data from client
+  c = s.available();
+  if (c != null) {
+    input = c.readString();
+    input = input.substring(0, input.indexOf("\n")); // Only up to the newline
+    data = int(split(input, ' ')); // Split values into an array
+// Draw line using received coords
+    stroke(0);
+    line(data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_02B/_02B.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_02B/_02B.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e15c2ed5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_02B/_02B.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import processing.net.*;
+
+Client c;
+String input;
+int data[];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(450, 255);
+  background(204);
+  stroke(0);
+  frameRate(5); // Slow it down a little
+// Connect to the server’s IP address and port
+  c = new Client(this, "127.0.0.1", 12345); // Replace with your server’s IP and port
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+// Draw our line
+    stroke(255);
+    line(pmouseX, pmouseY, mouseX, mouseY);
+// Send mouse coords to other person
+    c.write(pmouseX + " " + pmouseY + " " + mouseX + " " + mouseY + "\n");
+  }
+// Receive data from server
+  if (c.available() > 0) {
+    input = c.readString();
+    input = input.substring(0, input.indexOf("\n")); // Only up to the newline
+    data = int(split(input, ' ')); // Split values into an array
+// Draw line using received coords
+    stroke(0);
+    line(data[0], data[1], data[2], data[3]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..caedf07ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Download the Yahoo! Search SDK from http://developer.yahoo.com/download
+// Inside the download, find the yahoo_search-2.X.X.jar file somewhere inside
+// the "Java" subdirectory. Drag the jar file to your sketch and it will be
+// added to your 'code' folder for use.
+// This example is based on the based on yahoo api example
+// Replace this with a developer key from http://developer.yahoo.com
+String appid = "YOUR_DEVELOPER_KEY_HERE";
+SearchClient client = new SearchClient(appid);
+String query = "processing.org";
+WebSearchRequest request = new WebSearchRequest(query);
+
+// (Optional) Set the maximum number of results to download
+//request.setResults(30);
+
+try {
+  WebSearchResults results = client.webSearch(request);
+  // Print out how many hits were found
+  println("Displaying " + results.getTotalResultsReturned() +
+          " out of " + results.getTotalResultsAvailable() + " hits.");
+  println();
+  // Get a list of the search results
+  WebSearchResult[] resultList = results.listResults();
+  // Loop through the results and print them to the console
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < resultList.length; i++) {
+    // Print out the document title and URL.
+    println((i + 1) + ".");
+    println(resultList[i].getTitle());
+    println(resultList[i].getUrl());
+    println();
+  }
+
+// Error handling below, see the documentation of the Yahoo! API for details
+} catch (IOException e) {
+  println("Error calling Yahoo! Search Service: " + e.toString());
+  e.printStackTrace();
+} catch (SearchException e) {
+  println("Error calling Yahoo! Search Service: " + e.toString());
+  e.printStackTrace();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0931acf86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Note: requires Carnivore Library for Processing v2.2 (http://r-s-g.org/carnivore)
+// Windows, first install winpcap (http://winpcap.org)
+// Mac, first open a Terminal and execute this commmand: sudo chmod 777 /dev/bpf*
+// (must be done each time you reboot your mac)
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import org.rsg.carnivore.*;
+import org.rsg.carnivore.net.*;
+HashMap nodes = new HashMap();
+float startDiameter = 100.0;
+float shrinkSpeed = 0.97;
+int splitter, x, y;
+PFont font;
+void setup() {
+  size(800, 600);
+  background(255);
+  frameRate(10);
+  Log.setDebug(true); // Uncomment this for verbose mode
+  CarnivoreP5 c = new CarnivoreP5(this);
+//c.setVolumeLimit(4);
+// Use the "Create Font" tool to add a 12 point font to your sketch,
+// then use its name as the parameter to loadFont().
+  font = loadFont("CourierNew-12.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  drawNodes();
+}
+
+// Iterate through each node
+synchronized void drawNodes() {
+  Iterator it = nodes.keySet().iterator();
+  while (it.hasNext()) {
+    String ip = (String)it.next();
+    float d = float(nodes.get(ip).toString());
+    
+    // Use last two IP address bytes for x/y coords
+    splitter = ip.lastIndexOf(".");
+    y = int(ip.substring(splitter + 1)) * height / 255; // Scale to applet size
+    String tmp = ip.substring(0, splitter);
+    splitter = tmp.lastIndexOf(".");
+    x = int(tmp.substring(splitter + 1)) * width / 255; // Scale to applet size
+
+    // Draw the node
+    stroke(0);
+    fill(color(100, 200)); // Rim
+    ellipse(x, y, d, d); // Node circle
+    noStroke();
+    fill(color(100, 50)); // Halo
+    ellipse(x, y, d + 20, d + 20);
+    
+    // Draw the text
+    fill(0);
+    text(ip, x, y);
+
+    // Shrink the nodes a little
+    nodes.put(ip, str(d * shrinkSpeed));
+  }
+}
+
+// Called each time a new packet arrives
+synchronized void packetEvent(CarnivorePacket packet) {
+  println("[PDE] packetEvent: " + packet);
+// Remember these nodes in our hash map
+  nodes.put(packet.receiverAddress.toString(), str(startDiameter));
+  nodes.put(packet.senderAddress.toString(), str(startDiameter));
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_04/data/CourierNew-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_04/data/CourierNew-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4e5d9737
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Network/_04/data/CourierNew-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8b239cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import processing.pdf.*; // Import PDF code
+
+size(600, 600, PDF, "line.pdf"); // Set PDF as the renderer
+background(255);
+stroke(0);
+line(200, 0, width/2, height); // Draw line to PDF
+exit(); // Stop the program
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c4909ef60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+import processing.pdf.*; // Import PDF code
+
+size(600, 600);
+beginRecord(PDF, "line.pdf"); // Start writing to PDF
+background(255);
+stroke(0, 20);
+strokeWeight(20);
+line(200, 0, 400, height); // Draw line to screen and to PDF
+endRecord(); // Stop writing to PDF
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4fed7165
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import processing.pdf.*; // Import PDF code
+
+boolean saveOneFrame = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(600, 600);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (saveOneFrame == true) { // When the saveOneFrame boolean is true,
+    beginRecord(PDF, "line-####.pdf"); // start recording to the PDF
+  }
+  background(255);
+  stroke(0, 20);
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  line(mouseX, 0, width - mouseY, height);
+  if (saveOneFrame == true) { // If the PDF has been recording,
+    endRecord(); // stop recording,
+    saveOneFrame = false; // and set the boolean value to false
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() { // When a mouse button is pressed,
+  saveOneFrame = true; // trigger PDF recording within the draw()
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff4664d9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import processing.pdf.*; // Import PDF code
+
+void setup() {
+  size(600, 600);
+  background(255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  stroke(0, 20);
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  line(mouseX, 0, width - mouseY, height);
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if (key == 'B' || key == 'b') { // When 'B' or 'b' is pressed,
+    beginRecord(PDF, "lines.pdf"); // start recording to the PDF
+    background(255); // Set a white background
+  } else if (key == 'E' || key == 'e') { // When 'E' or 'e' is pressed,
+    endRecord(); // stop recording the PDF and
+    exit(); // quit the program
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..818a01158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+PGraphics big; // Declare a PGraphics variable
+
+void setup() {
+  big = createGraphics(3000, 3000, JAVA2D); // Create a new PGraphics object
+  big.beginDraw(); // Start drawing to the PGraphics object
+  big.background(128); // Set the background
+  big.line(20, 1800, 1800, 900); // Draw a line
+  big.endDraw(); // Stop drawing to the PGraphics object
+  big.save("big.tif");
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9c09e569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Print/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Draws an image larger than the screen by tiling it into small sections.
+// The scaleValue variable sets amount of scaling: 1 is 100%, 2 is 200%, etc.
+int scaleValue = 3; // Multiplication factor
+int xoffset = 0; // x-axis offset
+int yoffset = 0; // y-axis offset
+
+void setup() {
+  size(600, 600);
+  stroke(0, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  scale(scaleValue);
+  translate(xoffset *(-width / scaleValue), yoffset *(-height / scaleValue));
+  line(10, 150, 500, 50);
+  line(0, 600, 600, 0);
+  setOffset();
+}
+
+void setOffset() {
+  save("lines-" + xoffset + "-" + yoffset + ".jpg");
+  xoffset++;
+  if (xoffset == scaleValue) {
+    xoffset = 0;
+    yoffset++;
+    if (yoffset == scaleValue) {
+      exit();
+    }
+  }
+  background(204);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..673c05f0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/**
+ * Sound is generated in real time by summing together harmonically related
+ * sine tones. Overall pitch and harmonic detuning is controlled by the mouse.
+ * Based on the Spooky Stream Save Ess example
+ */
+
+import krister.Ess.*;
+
+int numSines = 5; // Number of oscillators to use
+AudioStream myStream; // Audio stream to write into
+SineWave[] myWave; // Array of sines
+FadeOut myFadeOut; // Amplitude ramp function
+FadeIn myFadeIn; // Amplitude ramp function
+
+void setup() {
+  size(256, 200);
+  Ess.start(this); // Start Ess
+  myStream = new AudioStream(); // Create a new AudioStream
+  myStream.smoothPan = true;
+  myWave = new SineWave[numSines]; // Initialize the oscillators
+  for (int i = 0; i < myWave.length; i++) {
+    float sinVolume = (1.0 / myWave.length) / (i + 1);
+    myWave[i] = new SineWave(0, sinVolume);
+  }
+  myFadeOut = new FadeOut(); // Create amplitude ramp
+  myFadeIn = new FadeIn(); // Create amplitude ramp
+  myStream.start(); // Start audio
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0, 20);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height); // Draw the background
+  float offset = millis() - myStream.bufferStartTime;
+  int interp = int((offset / myStream.duration) * myStream.size);
+  stroke(255);
+  for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
+    float y1 = mouseY;
+    float y2 = y1;
+    if (i + interp + 1 < myStream.buffer2.length) {
+      y1 -= myStream.buffer2[i+interp] * height / 2;
+      y2 -= myStream.buffer2[i+interp+1] * height / 2;
+    }
+    line(i, y1, i + 1, y2); // Draw the waves
+  }
+}
+void audioStreamWrite(AudioStream s) {
+  // Figure out frequencies and detune amounts from the mouse
+  // using exponential scaling to approximate pitch perception
+  float yoffset = (height - mouseY) / float(height);
+  float frequency = pow(1000, yoffset) + 150;
+  float detune = float(mouseX) / width - 0.5;
+  myWave[0].generate(myStream); // Generate first sine, replace Stream
+  myWave[0].phase += myStream.size; // Increment the phase
+  myWave[0].phase %= myStream.sampleRate;
+  for (int i = 1; i < myWave.length; i++) { // Add remaining sines into the Stream
+    myWave[i].generate(myStream, Ess.ADD);
+    myWave[i].phase = myWave[0].phase;
+  }
+  myFadeOut.filter(myStream); // Fade down the audio
+  for (int i = 0; i < myWave.length; i++) { // Set the frequencies
+    myWave[i].frequency = round(frequency * (i + 1 + i * detune));
+    myWave[i].phase = 0;
+  }
+  myFadeIn.filter(myStream); // Fade up the audio
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7dd298db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+Sound is generated at setup with a triangle waveform and a simple envelope
+generator. Insert your own array of notes as 'rawSequence' and let it roll.
+*/
+import krister.Ess.*;
+AudioChannel myChannel; // Create channel
+TriangleWave myWave; // Create triangle waveform
+Envelope myEnvelope; // Create envelope
+int numNotes = 200; // Number of notes
+int noteDuration = 300; // Duration of each note in milliseconds
+float[] rawSequence = { 293.6648, 293.6648, 329.62756, 329.62756, 391.995, 369.99445 , 293.6648, 293.6648,
+                        329.62756, 293.6648, 439.997, 391.995, 293.6648, 293.6648, 587.3294, 493.8834,
+                        391.995, 369.9945, 329.62756, 523.2516, 523.2516, 493.8834, 391.995,
+                        439.997, 391.995 }; // Happy birthday
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  Ess.start(this); // Start Ess
+  myChannel = new AudioChannel(); // Create a new AudioChannel
+  myChannel.initChannel(myChannel.frames(rawSequence.length * noteDuration));
+  int current = 0;
+  myWave = new TriangleWave(480, 0.3); // Create triangle wave
+  EPoint[] myEnv = new EPoint[3]; // Three-step breakpoint function
+  myEnv[0] = new EPoint(0, 0); // Start at 0
+  myEnv[1] = new EPoint(0.25, 1); // Attack
+  myEnv[2] = new EPoint(2, 0); // Release
+  myEnvelope = new Envelope(myEnv); // Bind Envelope to the breakpoint function
+  int time = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < rawSequence.length; i++) {
+    myWave.frequency = rawSequence[current]; // Update waveform frequency
+    int begin = myChannel.frames(time); // Starting position within Channel
+    int e = int(noteDuration * 0.8);
+    int end = myChannel.frames(e); // Ending position with Channel
+    myWave.generate(myChannel, begin, end); // Render triangle wave
+    myEnvelope.filter(myChannel, begin, end); // Apply envelope
+    current++; // Move to next note
+    time += noteDuration; // Increment the Channel output point
+  }
+  myChannel.play(); // Play the sound!
+}
+
+void draw() { } // Empty draw() keeps the program running
+
+public void stop() {
+  Ess.stop(); // When program stops, stop Ess too
+  super.stop();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61810b8c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/**
+Loads a sound file off disk and plays it in multiple voices at multiple sampling
+increments (demonstrating voice allocation), panning it back and forth between
+the speakers. Based on Ping Pong by Krister Olsson <http://tree-axis.com>
+*/
+import krister.Ess.*;
+
+AudioChannel[] mySound = new AudioChannel[6]; // Six channels of audio playback
+Envelope myEnvelope; // Create Envelope
+boolean left = true;
+boolean middle = false;
+boolean right = false;
+// Sampling rates to choose from
+int[] rates = { 44100, 22050, 2943, 49500, 11025, 37083 };
+
+void setup() {
+  size(256, 200);
+  stroke(255);
+  Ess.start(this); // Start Ess
+// Load sounds and set initial panning
+// Sounds must be located in the sketch's "data" folder
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+    mySound[i] = new AudioChannel("cela3.aif");
+    mySound[i].smoothPan = true;
+    mySound[i].pan(Ess.LEFT);
+    mySound[i].panTo(1, 4000);
+  }
+  EPoint[] myEnv = new EPoint[3]; // Three-step breakpoint function
+  myEnv[0] = new EPoint(0, 0); // Start at 0
+  myEnv[1] = new EPoint(0.25, 1); // Attack
+  myEnv[2] = new EPoint(2, 0); // Release
+  myEnvelope = new Envelope(myEnv); // Bind an Envelope to the breakpoint function
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int playSound = 0; // How many sounds do we play on this frame?
+  int which = -1; // If so, on which voice?
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0, 15);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height); // Fade background
+  stroke(102);
+  line(width / 2, 0, width / 2, height); // Center line
+  float interp = lerp(0, width, (mySound[0].pan + 1) / 2.0);
+  stroke(255);
+  line(interp, 0, interp, height); // Moving line
+// Trigger 1-3 samples when the line passes the center line or hits an edge
+  if ((mySound[0].pan < 0) && (middle == true)) {
+    playSound = int(random(1, 3));
+    middle = false;
+  } else if ((mySound[0].pan > 0) && (middle == false)) {
+    playSound = int(random(1, 3));
+    middle = true;
+  } else if ((mySound[0].pan < -0.9) && (left == true)) {
+    playSound = int(random(1, 3));
+    left = false;
+  } else if ((mySound[0].pan > -0.9) && (left == false)) {
+    left = true;
+  } else if ((mySound[0].pan > 0.9) && (right == true)) {
+    playSound = int(random(1, 3));
+    right = false;
+  } else if ((mySound[0].pan < 0.9) && (right == false)) {
+    right = true;
+  }
+// Voice allocation block, figure out which AudioChannels are free
+  while (playSound > 0) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < mySound.length; i++) {
+      if (mySound[i].state == Ess.STOPPED) {
+        which = i; // Find a free voice
+      }
+    }
+// If a voice is available and selected, play it
+    if (which != -1) {
+      mySound[which].sampleRate(rates[int(random(0,6))], false);
+      mySound[which].play();
+      myEnvelope.filter(mySound[which]); // Apply envelope
+    }
+    playSound--;
+  }
+}
+
+public void stop() {
+  Ess.stop(); // When program stops, stop Ess too
+  super.stop();
+}
+
+void audioOutputPan(AudioOutput c) {
+  c.panTo(-c.pan, 4000); // Reverse pan direction
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_03/data/cela3.aif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_03/data/cela3.aif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf5693586
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_03/data/cela3.aif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9eb3ae08d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/**
+Applies reverb 10 times to a succession of guitar chords.
+Inspired by Alvin Lucier's "I am Sitting in a Room."
+Based on Reverb by Krister Olsson <http://www.tree-axis.com>
+*/
+import krister.Ess.*;
+
+AudioChannel myChannel;
+Reverb myReverb;
+Normalize myNormalize;
+int numRepeats = 9;
+int repeats = 0;
+float rectWidth;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(256, 200);
+  noStroke();
+  background(0);
+  rectWidth = width / (numRepeats + 1.0);
+  Ess.start(this); // Start Ess
+// Load audio file into a AudioChannel, file must be in the sketch's "data" folder
+  myChannel = new AudioChannel("guitar.aif");
+  myReverb = new Reverb();
+  myNormalize = new Normalize();
+  myNormalize.filter(myChannel); // Normalize the audio
+  myChannel.play(1);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (repeats < numRepeats) {
+    if (myChannel.state == Ess.STOPPED) { // If the audio isn't playing
+      myChannel.adjustChannel(myChannel.size / 16, Ess.END);
+      myChannel.out(myChannel.size);
+// Apply reverberation "in place" to the audio in the channel
+      myReverb.filter(myChannel);
+// Normalize the signal
+      myNormalize.filter(myChannel);
+      myChannel.play(1);
+      repeats++;
+    }
+  } else {
+    exit(); // Quit the program
+  }
+// Draw rectangle to show the current repeat (1 of 9)
+  rect(rectWidth * repeats, 0, rectWidth - 1, height);
+}
+
+public void stop() {
+  Ess.stop(); // When program stops, stop Ess too
+  super.stop();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_04/data/guitar.aif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_04/data/guitar.aif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9a55c5b1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_04/data/guitar.aif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ead96051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+/**
+Analyzes a sound file using a Fast Fourier Transform, and plots both the current
+spectral frame and a "peak-hold" plot of the maximum over time using logarithmic
+scaling. Based on examples by Krister Olsson <http://tree-axis.com>
+*/
+import krister.Ess.*;
+
+AudioChannel myChannel;
+FFT myFFT;
+int bands = 256; // Number of FFT frequency bands to calculate
+
+void setup() {
+  size(1024, 200);
+  Ess.start(this); // Start Ess
+// Load "test.aif" into a new AudioChannel, file must be in the "data" folder
+  myChannel = new AudioChannel("test.aif");
+  myChannel.play(Ess.FOREVER);
+  myFFT = new FFT(bands * 2); // We want 256 frequency bands, so we pass in 512
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(176);
+// Get spectrum
+  myFFT.getSpectrum(myChannel);
+// Draw FFT data
+  stroke(255);
+  for (int i = 0; i < bands; i++) {
+    float x = width - pow(1024, (255.0 - i) / bands);
+    float maxY = max(0, myFFT.maxSpectrum[i] * height * 2);
+    float freY = max(0, myFFT.spectrum[i] * height * 2);
+// Draw maximum lines
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, height, x, height - maxY);
+// Draw frequency lines
+    stroke(0);
+    line(x, height, x, height - freY);
+  }
+}
+
+public void stop() {
+  Ess.stop(); // When program stops, stop Ess too
+  super.stop();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_05/data/test.aif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_05/data/test.aif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c119326a7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Sound/_05/data/test.aif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c196d9c34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Quantify the amount of movement in the video frame using frame-differencing
+import processing.video.*;
+
+int numPixels;
+int[] previousFrame;
+Capture video;
+void setup() {
+  size(640, 480); // Change size to 320 x 240 if too slow at 640 x 480
+  video = new Capture(this, width, height, 24);
+  numPixels = video.width * video.height;
+  // Create an array to store the previously captured frame
+  previousFrame = new int[numPixels];
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (video.available()) {
+    // When using video to manipulate the screen, use video.available() and
+    // video.read() inside the draw() method so that it's safe to draw to the screen
+    video.read(); // Read the new frame from the camera
+    video.loadPixels(); // Make its pixels[] array available
+    int movementSum = 0; // Amount of movement in the frame
+    loadPixels();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numPixels; i++) { // For each pixel in the video frame...
+      color currColor = video.pixels[i];
+      color prevColor = previousFrame[i];
+      // Extract the red, green, and blue components from current pixel
+      int currR = (currColor >> 16) & 0xFF; // Like red(), but faster (see p. 673)
+      int currG = (currColor >> 8) & 0xFF;
+      int currB = currColor & 0xFF;
+      // Extract red, green, and blue components from previous pixel
+      int prevR = (prevColor >> 16) & 0xFF;
+      int prevG = (prevColor >> 8) & 0xFF;
+      int prevB = prevColor & 0xFF;
+      // Compute the difference of the red, green, and blue values
+      int diffR = abs(currR - prevR);
+      int diffG = abs(currG - prevG);
+      int diffB = abs(currB - prevB);
+      // Add these differences to the running tally
+      movementSum += diffR + diffG + diffB;
+      // Render the difference image to the screen
+      pixels[i] = color(diffR, diffG, diffB);
+      // The following line is much faster, but more confusing to read
+      //pixels[i] = 0xff000000 | (diffR << 16) | (diffG << 8) | diffB;
+      // Save the current color into the 'previous' buffer
+      previousFrame[i] = currColor;
+    }
+    // To prevent flicker from frames that are all black (no movement),
+    // only update the screen if the image has changed.
+    if (movementSum > 0) {
+      updatePixels();
+      println(movementSum); // Print the total amount of movement to the console
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5650ef35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Detect the presence of people and objects in the frame using a simple
+// background-subtraction technique. To initialize the background, press a key.
+import processing.video.*;
+
+int numPixels;
+int[] backgroundPixels;
+Capture video;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(640, 480); // Change size to 320 x 240 if too slow at 640 x 480
+  video = new Capture(this, width, height, 24);
+  numPixels = video.width * video.height;
+  // Create array to store the background image
+  backgroundPixels = new int[numPixels];
+  // Make the pixels[] array available for direct manipulation
+  loadPixels();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (video.available()) {
+    video.read(); // Read a new video frame
+    video.loadPixels(); // Make the pixels of video available
+    // Difference between the current frame and the stored background
+    int presenceSum = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < numPixels; i++) { // For each pixel in the video frame...
+      // Fetch the current color in that location, and also the color
+      // of the background in that spot
+      color currColor = video.pixels[i];
+      color bkgdColor = backgroundPixels[i];
+      // Extract the red, green, and blue components of the current pixelÕs color
+      int currR = (currColor >> 16) & 0xFF;
+      int currG = (currColor >> 8) & 0xFF;
+      int currB = currColor & 0xFF;
+      // Extract the red, green, and blue components of the background pixelÕs color
+      int bkgdR = (bkgdColor >> 16) & 0xFF;
+      int bkgdG = (bkgdColor >> 8) & 0xFF;
+      int bkgdB = bkgdColor & 0xFF;
+      // Compute the difference of the red, green, and blue values
+      int diffR = abs(currR - bkgdR);
+      int diffG = abs(currG - bkgdG);
+      int diffB = abs(currB - bkgdB);
+      // Add these differences to the running tally
+      presenceSum += diffR + diffG + diffB;
+      // Render the difference image to the screen
+      pixels[i] = color(diffR, diffG, diffB);
+      // The following line does the same thing much faster, but is more technical
+      //pixels[i] = 0xFF000000 | (diffR << 16) | (diffG << 8) | diffB;
+    }
+    updatePixels(); // Notify that the pixels[] array has changed
+    println(presenceSum); // Print out the total amount of movement
+  }
+}
+
+// When a key is pressed, capture the background image into the backgroundPixels
+// buffer, by copying each of the current frameÕs pixels into it.
+void keyPressed() {
+  video.loadPixels();
+  arraycopy(video.pixels, backgroundPixels);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a0646e02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Determines whether a test location (such as the cursor) is contained within
+// the silhouette of a dark object
+import processing.video.*;
+
+color black = color(0);
+color white = color(255);
+int numPixels;
+Capture video;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(640, 480); // Change size to 320 x 240 if too slow at 640 x 480
+  strokeWeight(5);
+  video = new Capture(this, width, height, 24);
+  numPixels = video.width * video.height;
+  noCursor();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (video.available()) {
+    video.read();
+    video.loadPixels();
+    int threshold = 127; // Set the threshold value
+    float pixelBrightness; // Declare variable to store a pixel's color
+    // Turn each pixel in the video frame black or white depending on its brightness
+    loadPixels();
+    for (int i = 0; i < numPixels; i++) {
+      pixelBrightness = brightness(video.pixels[i]);
+      if (pixelBrightness > threshold) { // If the pixel is brighter than the
+        pixels[i] = white; // threshold value, make it white
+      } 
+      else { // Otherwise,
+        pixels[i] = black; // make it black
+      }
+    }
+    updatePixels();
+    // Test a location to see where it is contained. Fetch the pixel at the test
+    // location (the cursor), and compute its brightness
+    int testValue = get(mouseX, mouseY);
+    float testBrightness = brightness(testValue);
+    if (testBrightness > threshold) { // If the test location is brighter than
+      fill(black); // the threshold set the fill to black
+    } 
+    else { // Otherwise,
+      fill(white); // set the fill to white
+    }
+    ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 20, 20);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3d3d3d3ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Extensions/Vision/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Tracks the brightest pixel in a live video signal
+import processing.video.*;
+
+Capture video;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(640, 480); // Change size to 320 x 240 if too slow at 640 x 480
+  video = new Capture(this, width, height, 30);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (video.available()) {
+    video.read();
+    image(video, 0, 0, width, height); // Draw the webcam video onto the screen
+    int brightestX = 0; // X-coordinate of the brightest video pixel
+    int brightestY = 0; // Y-coordinate of the brightest video pixel
+    float brightestValue = 0; // Brightness of the brightest video pixel
+    // Search for the brightest pixel: For each row of pixels in the video image and
+    // for each pixel in the yth row, compute each pixel's index in the video
+    video.loadPixels();
+    int index = 0;
+    for (int y = 0; y < video.height; y++) {
+      for (int x = 0; x < video.width; x++) {
+        // Get the color stored in the pixel
+        int pixelValue = video.pixels[index];
+        // Determine the brightness of the pixel
+        float pixelBrightness = brightness(pixelValue);
+        // If that value is brighter than any previous, then store the
+        // brightness of that pixel, as well as its (x,y) location
+        if (pixelBrightness > brightestValue) {
+          brightestValue = pixelBrightness;
+          brightestY = y;
+          brightestX = x;
+        }
+        index++;
+      }
+    }
+    // Draw a large, yellow circle at the brightest pixel
+    fill(255, 204, 0, 128);
+    ellipse(brightestX, brightestY, 200, 200);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_022/page_022.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_022/page_022.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1dd79b7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_022/page_022.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+// Based on code from Shape 1 (p. 23) and code 6-07 (p. 65)
+
+
+size(713, 938);
+//size(713, 938, PDF, "page_022.pdf");
+background(255);
+int ydiv = height/54;
+
+strokeWeight(0.25);
+noStroke();
+fill(0);
+rectMode(CENTER);
+
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y += ydiv) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x += ydiv) {
+    ellipse(x, y, 0.5, 0.5);
+  }
+}
+
+float s = ydiv * 10;
+float x = ydiv * 28;
+
+ellipse(x, ydiv * 12, s, s);
+rect(x, ydiv*26, ydiv*12, ydiv*12);
+fill(255);
+ellipse(x, ydiv*26, s, s);
+
+fill(0);
+ellipse(x, ydiv*40, s*1.07, s*1.07);
+fill(255);
+rect(x, ydiv*40, s*.7, s*.7);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_042/page_042.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_042/page_042.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a004e2571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_042/page_042.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+// Based on code 4-02 (p. 44) and code 6-01 (p. 63)
+
+
+size(442, 550);
+//size(442, 550, PDF, "page_042.pdf");
+background(255);
+strokeWeight(0.25);
+strokeCap(SQUARE);
+
+float x1 = 0;
+float x2 = 0;
+float x3 = 0;
+float x5 = 0;
+float x4 = 0;
+
+for(int i = 0; i <= 50; i++) {
+  
+  line(width-x2, height * 0.0, width-x2, height * 0.2);
+  x2 += 4.5;
+  
+  line(width-x1, height * 0.2, width-x1, height * 0.4);
+  x1 += 9;
+  
+  line(width-x3, height * 0.4, width-x3, height * 0.6);
+  x3 += 6.25;
+
+  line(width-x5, height * 0.6, width-x5, height * 0.8);
+  x5 += 3.125;
+  
+  line(width-x4, height * 0.8, width-x4, height);
+  x4 += 5.375;
+  
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_060/page_060.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_060/page_060.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f3bbdabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_060/page_060.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+// Based on the code examples on page 66
+
+
+size(180, 666);
+//size(180, 666, PDF, "page_060.pdf");
+background(255);
+strokeWeight(0.25);
+strokeCap(SQUARE);
+
+for (int y = 0; y <= height; y += 5) { 
+  for (int x = 0; x <= width; x += 5) { 
+    if (x % 20 == 0) { 
+      line(x, y, x-3, y-3); 
+    } 
+    else { 
+      line(x, y, x-3, y+3); 
+    } 
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_078/page_078.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_078/page_078.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ab58fb65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_078/page_078.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+
+// Based on code 8-08 (p. 83)
+
+
+size(360, 550);
+//size(360, 550, PDF, "page_078.pdf");
+background(255);
+stroke(0);
+noFill();
+
+float ax = 0.0;
+float ay = 0.0;
+
+for (float e = 2; e < 36; e += 1.0) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x += 2) {
+    float n = norm(x, 0.0, width);  // Range 0.0 to 1.0
+    float y = 1 - pow(n, e);        // Calculate curve
+    y *= height;     // Range 0.0 to height
+    if (x > 0) {
+      line(ax, ay, x, y);
+    } 
+    ax = x;
+    ay = y;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_094/page_094.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_094/page_094.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ef404ee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_094/page_094.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+// Based on code 10-07 (p. 98) and code 35-03 (p. 322)
+
+
+size(2400, 1200);
+background(255);
+noStroke();
+fill(0);
+
+PImage img = loadImage("rockies-color.jpg");
+
+for(int i = 0; i < width; i += 50) {
+  int x = int(random(img.width-50));
+  PImage crop = img.get(x, 0, 50, height);
+  image(crop, i, 0);
+}
+
+//saveFrame("page_094.tif");
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_100/page_100.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_100/page_100.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..811e6a192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_100/page_100.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+// Based on code 11-04 (p. 103) and code 13-01 (p. 113)
+
+
+//size(360, 666, PDF, "page_100.pdf");
+size(360, 666);
+background(255);
+
+println(PFont.list());  // List the available fonts
+String s = "Ziggurat-HTF-Black";
+PFont font = createFont(s, 34);
+textFont(font);
+
+fill(204);
+
+int a = 37;
+
+for (int i = 20; i < height+40; i += 38) {
+  textSize(34);
+  text(char(a), 50, i);
+  textSize(10);
+  text(a, 10, i-9);
+  a++;
+}
+
+for (int i = 20; i < height+40; i += 38) {
+  textSize(34);
+  text(char(a), 170, i);
+  textSize(10);
+  text(a, 130, i-9);
+  a++;
+}
+
+for (int i = 20; i < height+40; i += 38) {
+  textSize(34);
+  text(char(a), 290, i);
+  textSize(10);
+  text(a, 250, i-9);
+  a++;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_110/page_110.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_110/page_110.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10f5d1489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_110/page_110.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+
+// Based on code 13-05 (p. 113)
+
+
+size(360, 550);
+//size(360, 550, PDF, "page_110.pdf");
+background(255);
+
+println(PFont.list());  // List the available fonts
+String s = "Ziggurat-HTF-Black";
+PFont font = createFont(s, 34);
+//PFont font = createFont("ZigguratHTFBlack", 34);
+textFont(font);
+
+textAlign(CENTER);
+
+fill(0, 50);  // Black with low opacity
+
+textSize(460);
+
+for(int i=0; i<6; i++) {
+  text(i, width/2, height*0.98 - i*40); 
+}
+
+
+/*
+text("1", width/2, height*.9);
+text("2", width/2, height*.9);
+text("3", width/2, height*.9);
+text("4", width/2, height*.9);
+text("5", width/2, height*.9);
+*/
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_126/page_126.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_126/page_126.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adf977af3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_126/page_126.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+
+// Based on code 15-09 (p. 131)
+
+
+size(750, 2775);
+
+float xnoise = 0.0;
+float ynoise = 0.0;
+float inc = 0.005;
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    float gray = noise(xnoise, ynoise) * 255;
+    stroke(gray);
+    point(x, y);
+    xnoise = xnoise + inc;
+  }
+  xnoise = 0;
+  ynoise = ynoise + inc;
+}
+
+//saveFrame("page_126.tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_136/page_136.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_136/page_136.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..791f1c8a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_136/page_136.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+// Based on code 17-14 (p. 142)
+
+
+size(360, 550);
+//size(360, 550, PDF, "page_136.pdf");
+background(255);
+
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+fill(0, 10);
+
+translate(33, 66);              // Set initial offset
+for (int i = 0; i < 45; i++) {  // 12 repetitions
+  scale(1.02);                  // Accumulate the scaling
+  ellipse(25, 90, 200, 200); 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_144/page_144.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_144/page_144.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6edb06bbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_144/page_144.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+
+// Based on code 14-11 (p. 123)
+
+
+size(440, 666);
+//size(440, 666, PDF, "page_144.pdf");
+background(255);
+stroke(0);
+strokeWeight(0.25);
+fill(0);
+
+float scaleVal = 16.0;
+float angleInc = PI/24.0;
+float angle = 0.0;
+
+for (int offset = 20; offset < width-20; offset += 5) {
+  for (int y = 0; y <= height; y += 2) {
+    float x = offset + (sin(angle) * scaleVal);
+    line(x, y, x+0.125, y+0.125);
+    angle += angleInc;	
+  }
+  angle += PI;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_148/data/Thumbs.db b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_148/data/Thumbs.db
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64650786a
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_148/data/Thumbs.db differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_148/page_148.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_148/page_148.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..751477073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_148/page_148.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+
+// Based on the Collage Engine code on page 150
+
+
+PImage nyt01 = loadImage("nyt_01.jpg");
+PImage nyt02 = loadImage("nyt_02.jpg");
+PImage nyt03 = loadImage("nyt_03.jpg");
+PImage nyt04 = loadImage("nyt_04.jpg");
+PImage nyt05 = loadImage("nyt_05.jpg");
+PImage nyt06 = loadImage("nyt_06.jpg");
+PImage nyt07 = loadImage("nyt_07.jpg");
+PImage nyt08 = loadImage("nyt_08.jpg");
+PImage nyt09 = loadImage("nyt_09.jpg");
+PImage nyt10 = loadImage("nyt_10.jpg");
+PImage nyt11 = loadImage("nyt_11.jpg");
+PImage nyt12 = loadImage("nyt_12.jpg");
+PImage nyt13 = loadImage("nyt_13.jpg");
+PImage nyt14 = loadImage("nyt_14.jpg");
+PImage nyt15 = loadImage("nyt_15.jpg");
+PImage nyt16 = loadImage("nyt_16.jpg");
+PImage nyt17 = loadImage("nyt_17.jpg");
+PImage nyt18 = loadImage("nyt_18.jpg");
+PImage nyt19 = loadImage("nyt_19.jpg");
+PImage nyt20 = loadImage("nyt_20.jpg");
+PImage nyt21 = loadImage("nyt_21.jpg");
+PImage nyt22 = loadImage("nyt_22.jpg");
+PImage nyt23 = loadImage("nyt_23.jpg");
+PImage nyt24 = loadImage("nyt_24.jpg");
+PImage nyt25 = loadImage("nyt_25.jpg");
+PImage nyt26 = loadImage("nyt_26.jpg");
+PImage nyt27 = loadImage("nyt_27.jpg");
+PImage nyt28 = loadImage("nyt_28.jpg");
+PImage nyt29 = loadImage("nyt_29.jpg");
+
+float x, y, r; 
+
+size(750, 2275);
+smooth();
+background(255);
+tint(255, 204);
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt01, -nyt01.width/2, -nyt01.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt02, -nyt02.width/2, -nyt02.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt03, -nyt03.width/2, -nyt03.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt04, -nyt04.width/2, -nyt04.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt05, -nyt05.width/2, -nyt05.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt06, -nyt06.width/2, -nyt06.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt07, -nyt07.width/2, -nyt07.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt08, -nyt08.width/2, -nyt08.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt09, -nyt09.width/2, -nyt09.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt10, -nyt10.width/2, -nyt10.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt11, -nyt11.width/2, -nyt11.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt12, -nyt12.width/2, -nyt12.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt13, -nyt13.width/2, -nyt13.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt14, -nyt14.width/2, -nyt14.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt15, -nyt15.width/2, -nyt15.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt16, -nyt16.width/2, -nyt16.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt17, -nyt17.width/2, -nyt17.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt18, -nyt18.width/2, -nyt18.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt19, -nyt19.width/2, -nyt19.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt20, -nyt20.width/2, -nyt20.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt21, -nyt21.width/2, -nyt21.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt22, -nyt22.width/2, -nyt22.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt23, -nyt23.width/2, -nyt23.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt24, -nyt24.width/2, -nyt24.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt25, -nyt25.width/2, -nyt25.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt26, -nyt26.width/2, -nyt26.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt27, -nyt27.width/2, -nyt27.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt28, -nyt28.width/2, -nyt28.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt29, -nyt29.width/2, -nyt29.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+
+//saveFrame("page-148--" + int(random(0, 1000)) + ".tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_172/page_172.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_172/page_172.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..862324f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_172/page_172.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+// Based on code 21-14 (p. 192)
+
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200, 666);
+  //size(200, 666, PDF, "page_172.pdf");
+  background(255);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  noLoop();
+  fill(100);
+  randomSeed(0);
+  strokeWeight(0.25);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for(int i=0; i<12; i++) {
+    vine(10+int(random(width-20)), int(random(10, 50)), int(random(2, 6)));
+  }
+  //exit();
+}
+
+void vine(int x, int numLeaves, int leafSize ) {
+  stroke(0);
+  line(x, 0, x, height);
+  noStroke();
+  int gap = (height)/numLeaves;
+  int direction = 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < numLeaves; i++) {
+    int r = int(random(gap));
+    leaf( x, gap*i + r, leafSize, direction);
+    direction = direction * -1; 
+  }
+}
+
+void leaf(int x, int y, int size, int d) {
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y); // Move to position
+  scale(size); // Scale to size
+  beginShape(); // Draw the shape
+  vertex(1.0*d, -0.7);
+  bezierVertex(1.0*d, -0.7, 0.4*d, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+  bezierVertex(0.0, 0.0, 1.0*d, 0.4, 1.0*d, -0.7);
+  endShape();
+  popMatrix();
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_216/page_216.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_216/page_216.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dff651a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_216/page_216.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+// Based on code 24-08 (p. 221)
+
+
+PImage lineImage;
+int x;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(750/2, 2292/2);
+  background(255);
+  lineImage = loadImage("paris-line.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if(mousePressed) {
+    x = mouseX;
+  }
+  
+  image(lineImage, x-lineImage.width/2, mouseY);
+  image(lineImage, x-lineImage.width/2, height-mouseY);
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  saveFrame("page-216-####.tif"); 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_222/page_222.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_222/page_222.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..797fd2b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_222/page_222.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+
+// Based on code 13-01 (p. 113) and code 33-11 (p. 305)
+
+
+size(460, 225);
+//size(460, 225, PDF, "page_222.pdf");
+background(255);
+fill(204);
+
+println(PFont.list());  // Select a font from this list
+String s = "Ziggurat-HTF-Black";
+PFont font = createFont(s, 34);
+textFont(font);
+
+char[] c1 = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0', '-', '='};
+char[] c2 = {'Q', 'W', 'E', 'R', 'T', 'Y', 'U', 'I', 'O', 'P', '[', ']'};
+char[] c3 = {'A', 'S', 'D', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'L', ';'};
+char[] c4 = {'Z', 'X', 'C', 'V', 'B', 'N', 'M', ',', '.', '/'};
+
+textAlign(CENTER);
+textSize(50);
+stroke(204);
+
+strokeWeight(0.5);
+
+for (int i = 0; i < c1.length; i++) {
+  text(c1[i], 20+i*78, 50);
+  if(i%2 != 0) {
+    line(20+i*39, 40, 20+i*39, 20);
+  }
+}
+
+for (int i = 0; i < c2.length; i++) {
+  text(c2[i], 46+i*78, 105);
+    if(i%2 != 0) {
+    line(46+i*39, 95, 46+i*39, 75);
+  }
+}
+
+for (int i = 0; i < c3.length; i++) {
+  text(c3[i], 65+i*78, 160);
+  if(i%2 != 0) {
+    line(65+i*39, 150, 65+i*39, 130);
+  }
+}
+
+for (int i = 0; i < c4.length; i++) {
+  text(c4[i], 90+i*78, 215);
+  if(i%2 != 0) {
+    line(90+i*39, 205, 90+i*39, 185);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_228/page_228.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_228/page_228.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..81ce7bfd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_228/page_228.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+
+// Based on code 26-04 (p. 231)
+
+
+int dragX, dragY, moveX, moveY;
+boolean record = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(360, 666);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_228.pdf");
+  }
+  
+  background(255);
+  noFill();
+  stroke(0);
+  ellipse(dragX, dragY, 200, 200);  // Black circle
+  fill(153);
+  noStroke();
+  ellipse(moveX, moveY, 200, 200);  // Gray circle
+
+  if (record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }
+
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() {    // Move gray circle
+  moveX = mouseX;
+  moveY = mouseY;
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {  // Move black circle
+  dragX = mouseX;
+  dragY = mouseY;
+}
+
+void keyReleased() {
+  record = true; 
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_250/page_250.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_250/page_250.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4a270f54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_250/page_250.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+
+size(442, 500);
+//size(442, 500, PDF, "page_250.pdf");
+background(255);
+fill(0);
+
+println(PFont.list());
+String s = "TheSansMono Light Italic";
+PFont font = createFont(s, 24);
+textFont(font);
+
+String s1 = "void draw() {";
+String s2 = "  background(126);";
+String s3 = "  ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 33, 33);";
+String s4 = "}";
+
+String s5 = "void Draw() (";
+String s6 = "  background(126)";
+String s7 = "  ellipse(mouseX. mousey, 33, 33);";
+String s8 = "}";
+
+textAlign(LEFT);
+textSize(26);
+stroke(204);
+
+text(s5, 0, 30);
+text(s6, 0, 70);
+text(s7, 0, 110);
+text(s8, 0, 150);
+
+text(s1, 0, 250);
+text(s2, 0, 290);
+text(s3, 0, 320);
+text(s4, 0, 370);
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_254/page_254.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_254/page_254.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3fdfe638c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_254/page_254.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+
+// Based on the Cursor example on page 257
+
+
+import processing.pdf.*;
+
+boolean record = false;
+
+int gx, gy;
+int mode, nextmode;
+int nummodes; 
+boolean forapplet = false;
+
+float mx, my, lastmx, lastmy;
+float lastrot, lastsc;
+
+float bgx, bgy;
+
+float p_x, p_y;
+float p_fx, p_fy;
+float p_v2, p_vx, p_vy;
+float p_a2, p_ax, p_ay;
+float p_mass, p_drag;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(442, 550);
+  gx = width; 
+  gy = height;
+  colorMode(RGB, 1.0);
+  strokeWeight(0.5);
+  strokeJoin(ROUND);
+
+  nummodes = 4;
+  mode = 4;
+
+  bgx = 0;
+  bgy = 0;
+  mx = gx/2;
+  my = gy/2;
+}
+
+
+void draw() {
+  
+  if(record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_254.pdf");     // Start writing to PDF 
+  }
+  
+  lastmx = mx;
+  lastmy = my;
+
+  mx = mouseX;
+  my = mouseY;
+
+  background(1.0);
+
+  // Grid
+  fill(1,1,1);
+  stroke(.2,.2,.2);
+
+  float rot;
+  for (int i=16; i<gx+2; i+=32) {
+    for (int j=11; j<gy; j+=30) {
+      rot = -PI/4. + atan2(j-my, i-mx);
+      drawCursor(i, j, .5, rot);
+    }
+  }  
+
+  if(record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }  
+  
+}
+
+void drawCursor(float x, float y, float myscale, float myrot) {
+  // Draw generic arrow cursor
+  if (forapplet) y -= gy/2;
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y);
+  rotate(myrot);
+  scale(myscale, myscale);
+  beginShape(POLYGON);
+  vertex(7, 21);
+  vertex(4, 13);
+  vertex(1, 16);
+  vertex(0, 16);
+  vertex(0, 0);  // Tip of cursor shape
+  vertex(1, 0);
+  vertex(12, 11);
+  vertex(12, 12);
+  vertex(7, 12);
+  vertex(10, 20);
+  vertex(9, 21);
+  vertex(7, 21);
+  endShape();  
+  popMatrix();
+}
+
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  record = true;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_278/page_278.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_278/page_278.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46869d576
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_278/page_278.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+
+// Based on code 31-03 (p. 281)
+
+
+Spot[] sps = new Spot[36];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(750, 2775);
+  //size(200, 200);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(CENTER_RADIUS);
+  randomSeed(0);
+  for(int i=0; i<sps.length; i++) {
+    sps[i] = new Spot();  
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(255, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(0);
+  for(int i=0; i<sps.length; i++) {
+    sps[i].updateDisplay();  
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  save("page_278.tif"); 
+}
+
+
+class Spot {
+
+  float radius = 15.0;  // Radius of the circle
+  float x = random(radius, width-radius);       // X-coordinate
+  float y = random(radius, height-radius);       // Y-coordinate
+  float speedX = random(0.4, 1.0);   // Speed of motion on the x-axis
+  float speedY = random(0.4, 1.0);   // Speed of motion on the y-axis
+
+  int directionX = 1;   // Direction of motion on the x-axis
+  int directionY = -1;  // Direction of motion on the y-axis
+
+  Spot() {
+    float r = random(1.0);
+    if (r < .25) {
+      directionX = 1;
+      directionY = 1;
+    } 
+    else if (r < .5) {
+      directionX = -1;
+      directionY = 1;    
+    } 
+    else if (r < .75) {
+      directionX = 1;
+      directionY = -1;    
+    } 
+    else {
+      directionX = -1;
+      directionY = -1;    
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  void updateDisplay() {
+
+    ellipse(x, y, radius, radius);
+    x += speedX * directionX;
+    if ((x > width-radius) || (x < radius)) {
+      directionX = -directionX;  // Change direction
+    }
+    y += speedY * directionY;
+    if ((y > height-radius) || (y < radius)) {
+      directionY = -directionY;  // Change direction
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_290/page_290.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_290/page_290.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6840533b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_290/page_290.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+
+// Based on code 32-07 (p. 297)
+
+
+float inc = 0.0;
+
+boolean record = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(513, 462);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  
+  if(record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_290.pdf");
+  }
+  
+  stroke(0, 143);
+  randomSeed(0);
+  background(255);
+  inc += 0.01;
+  float angle = sin(inc)/10.0 + sin(inc*1.2)/20.0;
+  //tail(18, 9, angle/1.3);
+  //tail(33, 12, angle);
+  //tail(44, 10, angle/1.3);
+  //tail(62, 5, angle);
+  //tail(88, 7, angle*2);
+  for(int i=-20; i<width+20; i+=20) {
+    tail(i, 100, int(random(5, 12)), angle*random(1.0, 1.3));
+    tail(i, 200, int(random(5, 12)), -angle*random(1.0, 1.3));
+    tail(i, 300, int(random(5, 12)), angle*random(1.0, 1.3));
+    tail(i, 400, int(random(5, 12)), -angle*random(1.0, 1.3));
+  }
+  
+  if(record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }
+  
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  record = true;
+}
+
+
+void tail(int x, int y, int units, float angle) {
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y);
+  for (int i = units; i > 0; i--) {
+    strokeWeight(i/2.0);
+    line(0, 0, 0, -8);
+    translate(0.0, -8);
+    rotate(angle);
+  }
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_300/page_300.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_300/page_300.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f24c0ecf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_300/page_300.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+
+// Based on code 33-14 (p. 307)
+
+
+float inc = 0.0;
+
+boolean record = false;
+
+int numLines = 170;
+float[] y;
+float[] x;
+
+float mx;
+float my;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(180, 666);
+  smooth();
+  noFill();
+  strokeWeight(0.25);  
+  y = new float[height];
+  x = new float[height];
+
+}
+
+void draw() {
+
+  if(record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_300.pdf");
+  }
+
+  background(255);
+
+  // Shift the values to the right
+  for (int i = y.length-1; i > 0; i--) { 
+    y[i] = y[i-1];
+  } 
+  // Add new values to the beginning
+  my += (mouseX-my) * 0.1;
+  y[0] = my;
+
+  beginShape();
+  for (int i = 1; i < y.length; i++) {
+    vertex(y[i], i);
+  }
+  endShape();
+
+  // Shift the values to the right
+  for (int i = x.length-1; i > 0; i--) { 
+    x[i] = x[i-1];
+  } 
+  // Add new values to the beginning
+  mx += (mouseY-mx) * 0.1;
+  x[0] = mx;
+
+
+  beginShape();
+  for (int i = 1; i < x.length; i++) {
+    vertex(x[i] * float(width)/height, i);
+  }
+  endShape();
+
+  if(record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }
+
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  record = true;
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0000.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0000.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a9893ad2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0000.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0001.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0001.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a9893ad2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0001.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0002.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0002.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c53edb943
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0002.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0003.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0003.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9c4fc675
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0003.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0004.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0004.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b43d0b308
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0004.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0005.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0005.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36f373249
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0005.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0006.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0006.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4c6ab5e6
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0006.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0007.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0007.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a53c6abc7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0007.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0008.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0008.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ce59b9a6
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0008.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0009.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0009.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..557bedf8e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0009.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0010.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0010.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31fd776e4
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0010.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0011.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0011.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a69083697
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0011.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0012.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0012.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe81e42ac
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0012.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0013.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0013.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c8ede5df6
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0013.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0014.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0014.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f1413761
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0014.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0015.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0015.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de472dfe7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0015.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0016.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0016.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5bc583f0a
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0016.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0017.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0017.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ff438690
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0017.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0018.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0018.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0b99e3727
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0018.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0019.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0019.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7a9217ad3
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0019.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0020.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0020.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe8fdae31
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0020.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0021.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0021.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab36afe0d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0021.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0022.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0022.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98dc00b57
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0022.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0023.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0023.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3dd7f38c
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0023.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0024.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0024.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f8287855a
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0024.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0025.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0025.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0107f470c
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0025.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0026.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0026.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e05a13944
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0026.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0027.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0027.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..decdebe59
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0027.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0028.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0028.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec2bae766
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0028.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0029.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0029.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..67d14b168
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0029.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0030.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0030.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..619c30c94
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0030.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0031.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0031.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aae6bfbf3
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0031.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0032.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0032.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7cdd3561b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0032.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0033.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0033.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97fc08480
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0033.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0034.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0034.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..85e71dd53
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0034.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0035.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0035.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..752393673
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0035.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0036.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0036.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92bf1c3da
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0036.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0037.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0037.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..397590e38
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/data/PT_Shifty_0037.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/page_314.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/page_314.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..262e8e167
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_314/page_314.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+
+// Based on code 34-05 (p. 319)
+
+
+int numFrames = 37;  // The number of frames in the animation
+PImage[] images = new PImage[numFrames];
+int which = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200*11, 200);
+  for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
+    String imageName = "PT_Shifty_" + nf(i, 4) + ".gif";
+    images[i] = loadImage(imageName);
+  }
+  noLoop();
+} 
+
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255); 
+
+  for(int i=0; i < 11; i++) { 
+    image(images[which], i*200, 0);
+    which = (which+1)%images.length;
+  }
+  save("page_314-1.tif");
+
+  background(255); 
+
+  for(int i=0; i < 11; i++) { 
+    image(images[which], i*200, 0);
+    which = (which+1)%images.length;
+  }
+  save("page_314-2.tif");
+
+  background(255); 
+
+  for(int i=0; i < 11; i++) { 
+    image(images[which], i*200, 0);
+    which = (which+1)%images.length;
+  }
+  save("page_314-3.tif");
+
+  background(255); 
+
+  for(int i=0; i < 11; i++) { 
+    image(images[which], i*200, 0);
+    which = (which+1)%images.length;
+  }
+  save("page_314-4.tif");
+
+  background(255); 
+
+  for(int i=0; i < 11; i++) { 
+    image(images[which], i*200, 0);
+    which = (which+1)%images.length;
+  }
+  save("page_314-5.tif");
+
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_326/page_326.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_326/page_326.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c94986e78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_326/page_326.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+
+// Based on code 36-07 (p. 331)
+
+
+PFont f; 
+String s = "012345678901234567890123456789";
+float angle = 0.0;
+
+boolean record = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(842, 550);
+  println(PFont.list());  // Select a font from this list
+  String s = "TheSansMono-ExtraLightItalic-48";
+  f = createFont(s, 24);
+  textFont(f);
+  fill(204);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  
+  if(record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_326.pdf"); 
+  }
+  
+  textFont(f);
+  background(255);
+  translate(10, 0);
+  angle += 0.1;
+  
+  float cw = 0;
+  //for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin(angle + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 60);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  cw = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin((angle+QUARTER_PI/2) + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 120);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  cw = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin((angle+QUARTER_PI) + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 180);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  cw = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin((angle+QUARTER_PI+QUARTER_PI/2) + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 240);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  cw = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin((angle+HALF_PI) + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 300);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  cw = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin((angle+HALF_PI+QUARTER_PI/2) + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 360);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  cw = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin((angle+HALF_PI+QUARTER_PI) + i/PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 18 + 6);
+    text(s.charAt(i), cw, 420);
+    cw += textWidth(s.charAt(i)) * 1.2;
+  }
+  
+  if(record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }
+  
+}
+
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  record = true; 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_346/page_346.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_346/page_346.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a642b5c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_346/page_346.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+// Based on code 39-03 (p. 349)
+
+
+size(750, 2775);
+background(255);
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(1.0);
+
+for(int i = 20; i < height-50; i += 50) {
+  filter(BLUR, 1);  
+  line(0, i, width, i+20);
+}
+
+saveFrame("page_346.tif");
+
+
+
+ 
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_366/page_366.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_366/page_366.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..763a1cd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_366/page_366.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+
+// Based on code 32-04 (p. 294)
+
+
+float angle = 0.0;   // Changing angle
+float speed = 0.2;  // Speed of growth
+
+void setup() {
+  size(200*11, 200*10);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  fill(0, 60);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+
+  for(int y = 0; y < 10; y++) {
+    for(int i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
+      pushMatrix();
+      translate(i*200, y*220);
+      circlePhase(0.0);
+      circlePhase(QUARTER_PI);
+      circlePhase(HALF_PI);
+      angle += speed;
+      popMatrix();
+    }
+    
+  }
+  save("page_366.tif");
+  exit();
+}
+
+void circlePhase(float phase) {
+  float diameter = 65 + (sin(angle + phase) * 130);
+  ellipse(100, 100, diameter, diameter);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_394/page_394.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_394/page_394.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..03f9fe007
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_394/page_394.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+
+// Based on code 43-02 (p. 409)
+
+
+Ring[] rings;                  // Declare the array
+int numRings = 50;
+int currentRing = 0;
+
+boolean record = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(513, 666);
+  smooth();
+  rings = new Ring[numRings];  // Construct the array
+  for (int i = 0; i < numRings; i++) {
+    rings[i] = new Ring();     // Construct each object
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if(record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_394-alt.pdf"); 
+  }
+
+  background(255);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numRings; i++) {
+    rings[i].grow();
+    rings[i].display();
+  }
+
+  if(record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }
+
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  record = true; 
+}
+
+// Click to create a new Ring
+void mousePressed() {
+  rings[currentRing].start(mouseX, mouseY);
+  currentRing++;
+  if (currentRing >= numRings) {
+    currentRing = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+class Ring {
+  float x, y;          // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter;      // Diameter of the ring
+  boolean on = false;  // Turns the display on and off
+
+  void start(float xpos, float ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos; 
+    on = true;
+    diameter = 1;
+  }
+
+  void grow() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      diameter += 0.5;
+      if (diameter > height*2) {
+        on = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      noFill();
+      strokeWeight(1);
+      stroke(102, 153);
+      ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_412/page_412.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_412/page_412.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..53b974596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_412/page_412.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+// Based on code 44-01 (p. 414)
+
+
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 666);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if(mouseX != 0 && mouseY != 0 && pmouseX !=0 && pmouseY != 0) {
+    float s = dist(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY) + 1;
+    noStroke();
+    fill(0, 102);
+    ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, s, s);
+    stroke(255);
+    point(mouseX, mouseY);
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  beginRecord(PDF, "page_412.pdf");
+  background(255); 
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  endRecord(); 
+  exit();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_420/page_420.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_420/page_420.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3010bc637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_420/page_420.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+// Based on code 45-04 (p. 424)
+
+
+void setup() {
+  size(513, 666); 
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    point(mouseX, mouseY);
+    println("hi");
+  }
+} 
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  beginRecord(PDF, "page_420.pdf"); 
+  background(255);
+  stroke(0);
+  strokeCap(ROUND);
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  endRecord(); 
+}
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/ArrowParticle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/ArrowParticle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d53213436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/ArrowParticle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class ArrowParticle extends Particle {  
+  float angle = 0.0;  
+  float shaftLength = 20.0;
+  
+  ArrowParticle(int ix, int iy, float ivx, float ivy, float ir) {
+    super(ix, iy, ivx, ivy, ir);
+  }
+  
+  void update() {
+    super.update();
+    angle = atan2(vy, vx);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    stroke(0);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(angle);
+    scale(shaftLength);           
+    strokeWeight(1.0/shaftLength);
+    line(0, 0, .25, 0);
+    line(.25, 0, .174, -.075);
+    line(.25, 0, .174, .075);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff23912c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {	
+  float x, y;    // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float vx, vy;  // X velocity, y velocity 
+  float radius;  // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+  
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/page_476.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/page_476.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b7e3006e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_476/page_476.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+
+// Based on code 50-12 (p. 486)
+// Requires Particle, ArrowParticle classes
+
+int num = 900;
+ArrowParticle[] p = new ArrowParticle[num];
+float radius = 1.2;
+
+boolean record = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(513, 666);
+  strokeWeight(0.25);
+  smooth();
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    float velX = random(-1, 10);
+    float velY = random(-20, -6);
+    // Parameters: X, Y, X velocity, Y velocity, Radius
+    p[i] = new ArrowParticle(width/4, height, velX, velY, 0.4);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if(record) {
+    beginRecord(PDF, "page_476-alt.pdf");
+  }
+  background(255);
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    p[i].update();
+    p[i].display(); 
+  }
+  if(record) {
+    endRecord();
+    record = false; 
+  }
+}
+
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  record = true;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_xx/page_xx.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_xx/page_xx.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed2b00bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Illustrations/page_xx/page_xx.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+// Based on code 22-11 (p. 204)
+
+
+import processing.pdf.*;
+
+int x;        // X-coordinate
+int y;        // Y-coordinate
+int r = 350;  // Starting radius
+int n = 8;    // Number of recursions
+int rs = 12;  // Random seed value
+
+void setup() { 
+  size(250, 925);
+  //size(250, 925, PDF, "page_xx.pdf"); 
+  noStroke(); 
+  smooth(); 
+  randomSeed(rs);
+  y = int (height * 0.33);
+  x = width/2;
+  noLoop();
+} 
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  drawCircle(x, y, r, n); 
+  exit();
+}
+
+void drawCircle(float x, float y, int radius, int num) {                    
+  float value = 126 * num / 6.0; 
+  fill(value, 153); 
+  ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);      
+  if (num > 1) { 
+    num = num - 1; 
+    int branches = int(random(2, 6)); 
+    for (int i = 0; i < branches; i++) { 
+      float a = random(0, TWO_PI); 
+      float newx = x + cos(a) * 6.0 * num; 
+      float newy = y + sin(a) * 6.0 * num; 
+      drawCircle(newx, newy+26, radius/2, num); 
+    } 
+  } 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_01_collage/_01_collage/_01_collage.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_01_collage/_01_collage/_01_collage.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1fa62960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_01_collage/_01_collage/_01_collage.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code, 
+ * Collage Engine by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 150
+ * 
+ * Step 1, working with one image. 
+*/
+
+// Load the image
+PImage nyt01 = loadImage("nyt_01.jpg");
+
+float x, y;  // Image position
+float r;     // Image rotation
+
+size(400, 300);
+background(255);
+tint(255, 204);
+
+x = random(width);      // Set random x-coordinate
+y = random(height);     // Set random y-coordinate
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);  // Set random rotation
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt01, -nyt01.width/2, -nyt01.height/2);
+popMatrix();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_01_collage/_02_collage/_02_collage.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_01_collage/_02_collage/_02_collage.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec63f26f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_01_collage/_02_collage/_02_collage.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code, 
+ * Collage Engine by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 150
+ * 
+ * Step 2, working with many images. 
+ *   
+ * More advanced code structures such
+ * as functions, arrays, and objects can make
+ * this code shorter. 
+*/
+
+
+PImage nyt01 = loadImage("nyt_01.jpg");
+PImage nyt02 = loadImage("nyt_02.jpg");
+PImage nyt03 = loadImage("nyt_03.jpg");
+PImage nyt04 = loadImage("nyt_04.jpg");
+PImage nyt05 = loadImage("nyt_05.jpg");
+PImage nyt06 = loadImage("nyt_06.jpg");
+PImage nyt07 = loadImage("nyt_07.jpg");
+PImage nyt08 = loadImage("nyt_08.jpg");
+PImage nyt09 = loadImage("nyt_09.jpg");
+PImage nyt10 = loadImage("nyt_10.jpg");
+PImage nyt11 = loadImage("nyt_11.jpg");
+PImage nyt12 = loadImage("nyt_12.jpg");
+PImage nyt13 = loadImage("nyt_13.jpg");
+PImage nyt14 = loadImage("nyt_14.jpg");
+PImage nyt15 = loadImage("nyt_15.jpg");
+PImage nyt16 = loadImage("nyt_16.jpg");
+PImage nyt17 = loadImage("nyt_17.jpg");
+PImage nyt18 = loadImage("nyt_18.jpg");
+PImage nyt19 = loadImage("nyt_19.jpg");
+PImage nyt20 = loadImage("nyt_20.jpg");
+PImage nyt21 = loadImage("nyt_21.jpg");
+PImage nyt22 = loadImage("nyt_22.jpg");
+PImage nyt23 = loadImage("nyt_23.jpg");
+PImage nyt24 = loadImage("nyt_24.jpg");
+PImage nyt25 = loadImage("nyt_25.jpg");
+PImage nyt26 = loadImage("nyt_26.jpg");
+PImage nyt27 = loadImage("nyt_27.jpg");
+PImage nyt28 = loadImage("nyt_28.jpg");
+PImage nyt29 = loadImage("nyt_29.jpg");
+
+float x, y, r; 
+
+size(600, 600);
+smooth();
+background(255);
+tint(255, 204);
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt01, -nyt01.width/2, -nyt01.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt02, -nyt02.width/2, -nyt02.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt03, -nyt03.width/2, -nyt03.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt04, -nyt04.width/2, -nyt04.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt05, -nyt05.width/2, -nyt05.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt06, -nyt06.width/2, -nyt06.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt07, -nyt07.width/2, -nyt07.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt08, -nyt08.width/2, -nyt08.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt09, -nyt09.width/2, -nyt09.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt10, -nyt10.width/2, -nyt10.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt11, -nyt11.width/2, -nyt11.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt12, -nyt12.width/2, -nyt12.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt13, -nyt13.width/2, -nyt13.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt14, -nyt14.width/2, -nyt14.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt15, -nyt15.width/2, -nyt15.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt16, -nyt16.width/2, -nyt16.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt17, -nyt17.width/2, -nyt17.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt18, -nyt18.width/2, -nyt18.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt19, -nyt19.width/2, -nyt19.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt20, -nyt20.width/2, -nyt20.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt21, -nyt21.width/2, -nyt21.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt22, -nyt22.width/2, -nyt22.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt23, -nyt23.width/2, -nyt23.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt24, -nyt24.width/2, -nyt24.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt25, -nyt25.width/2, -nyt25.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt26, -nyt26.width/2, -nyt26.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt27, -nyt27.width/2, -nyt27.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt28, -nyt28.width/2, -nyt28.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+x = random(width);
+y = random(height);
+r = random(0, TWO_PI);
+pushMatrix();
+translate(x, y);
+rotate(r);
+image(nyt29, -nyt29.width/2, -nyt29.height/2);
+popMatrix();
+
+
+// saveFrame("Synthesis-1--" + int(random(0, 1000)) + ".tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_01_waves/_01_waves.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_01_waves/_01_waves.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31d2dd90f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_01_waves/_01_waves.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Riley Waves by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 151
+ * 
+ * Step 1, creating the basic form. 
+*/
+
+
+size(400, 400);
+background(255);
+float angle = 0.0;
+float magnitude = 24.0;
+
+beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+for(int x=0; x<=width; x=x+8) {
+  float y = 50 + (sin(angle)* magnitude);
+  angle += PI/48.0;
+  float y2 = 70 + (sin(angle+PI/6)* magnitude);
+  vertex(x, y);
+  vertex(x, y2);
+}
+endShape();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_02_waves/_02_waves.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_02_waves/_02_waves.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b923a3b55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_02_waves/_02_waves.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Riley Waves by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 151
+ * 
+ * Step 2, the basic form is drawn many times inside a for structure. 
+*/
+
+
+size(400, 400);
+background(255);
+float angle = 0.0;
+int magnitude = 18;
+
+for(int i =- magnitude; i < height+magnitude; i = i+24) {
+
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int x = 0; x <= width; x = x+8) {
+    float y = i + (sin(angle)* magnitude);
+    angle += PI/24.0;
+    float y2 = i+10 + (sin(angle+PI/12) * magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x, y2);
+  }
+  endShape();
+
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_03_waves/_03_waves.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_03_waves/_03_waves.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5932fa877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_03_waves/_03_waves.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Riley Waves by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 151
+ * 
+ * Step 3, values are modified to create a new pattern. 
+*/
+
+
+size(1200, 280);
+background(255);
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+float angle = 0.0;
+float angle2 = 0.0;
+int magnitude = 8;
+
+for(int i = -magnitude; i < height+magnitude; i = i+18) {
+
+  angle2 = angle;
+  
+  fill(0);
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int x=0; x<=width; x=x+8) {
+    float y = i + (sin(angle)* magnitude);
+    angle += PI/24.0;
+    float y2 = i+4 + (sin(angle+PI/12)* magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x, y2);
+  }
+  endShape();
+  
+  fill(204);
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int x=0; x<=width; x=x+8) {
+    float y = i+4 + (sin(angle2+PI/12)* magnitude);
+    angle2 += PI/24.0;
+    float y2 = i+8 + (sin(angle2+PI/12)* magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x, y2);
+  }
+  endShape();
+  
+  /*
+  fill(0);
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int x=0; x<=width; x=x+8) {
+    float y = i + (sin(angle)* magnitude);
+    angle += PI/16.0;
+    float y2 = i+4 + (sin(angle+PI/24)* magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x, y2);
+  }
+  endShape();
+  
+  fill(204);
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int x=0; x<=width; x=x+8) {
+    float y = i+4 + (sin(angle2+PI/24)* magnitude);
+    angle2 += PI/16.0;
+    float y2 = i+8 + (sin(angle2+PI/24)* magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x, y2);
+  }
+  endShape();
+  */
+}
+
+
+// save("Synthesis-2--1.tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_04_waves/_04_waves.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_04_waves/_04_waves.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb80ac2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_04_waves/_04_waves.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Riley Waves by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 151
+ * 
+ * Step 3, values are modified to create a new pattern. 
+*/
+
+
+size(1200, 280);
+background(255);
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+fill(0);
+float angle = 0.0;
+int magnitude = 16;
+
+for(int i = -magnitude; i < width+magnitude; i = i+16) {
+
+  fill(float(i)/width * 255);
+
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int y = 0; y <= height; y = y+6) {
+    float x = i + (sin(angle)* magnitude);
+    angle += PI/22.0;
+    float x2 = i+8 + (sin(angle+PI/22)* magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x2, y);
+  }
+  endShape();
+
+}
+
+// saveFrame("Synthesis-2--2.tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_05_waves/_05_waves.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_05_waves/_05_waves.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..423453ad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_02_waves/_05_waves/_05_waves.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Riley Waves by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 151
+ * 
+ * Step 3, values are modified to create a new pattern. 
+*/
+
+
+size(1200, 280);
+background(255);
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+//fill(0);
+float angle = PI;
+float angle2 = PI;
+int magnitude = 3;
+
+for(int i = -magnitude; i < height+magnitude; i = i+12) {
+
+  angle2 = angle;
+  
+  fill(0);
+  beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+  for(int x = 0; x <= width; x = x+8) {
+    float y = i + (sin(angle)* magnitude);
+    angle += PI/24.0;
+    float y2 = i+4 + (sin(angle+PI/12)* magnitude);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x, y2);
+  }
+  endShape();
+
+}
+
+
+// save("Synthesis-2--3.tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_01_grids/_01_grids.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_01_grids/_01_grids.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe719e4f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_01_grids/_01_grids.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Wilson Grids by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 152
+ * 
+ * Step 1, basic embedded for structure. 
+*/
+
+
+size(600, 600);
+background(255);
+int sqNum = 12;
+int sqSize = width/sqNum;
+int halfSize = sqSize/2;
+
+for (int y = halfSize; y < width; y = y+sqSize) {
+  for (int x = halfSize; x < height; x = x+sqSize) {
+    rect(x-halfSize+2, y-halfSize+2, sqSize-4, sqSize-4);
+  } 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_02_grids/_02_grids.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_02_grids/_02_grids.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8f5b4a361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_02_grids/_02_grids.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Wilson Grids by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 152
+ * 
+ * Step 2, textures inside the grid by adding a third for structure. 
+*/
+
+
+size(600, 600);
+background(255);
+int numSquares = 12;
+int gap = 4;
+int sqSize = (width-gap*2)/numSquares;
+int halfSize = sqSize/2;
+int offset = halfSize+gap;
+int ydiv = sqSize/12;
+
+for(int y = 0; y < numSquares; y++) {
+  for(int x = 0; x < numSquares; x++) {
+    float xp = offset + (x*sqSize);
+    float yp = offset + (y*sqSize);
+    for(int i=0; i<=sqSize-gap*2; i=i+ydiv) {
+      float yy = i*halfSize+gap+i;
+      line(xp-halfSize+gap, yp-halfSize+gap+i, xp+halfSize-gap, yp-halfSize+gap+i);
+    }
+  } 
+  
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_03_grids/_03_grids.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_03_grids/_03_grids.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9d4d5f670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_03_grids/_03_grids.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Wilson Grids by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 152
+ * 
+ * Step 3, changing the size of each grid element. 
+*/
+
+
+size(600, 600);
+background(0);
+stroke(255, 204);
+int numSquares = 6;
+int gap = 8;
+int sqSize = (width-gap*2)/numSquares;
+
+for (float y=0; y<numSquares; y=y+1) {
+  for (float x=0; x<numSquares; x=x+1) {
+    int sqArea = int(random(10, 100));
+    int halfArea = sqArea/2;
+    int ydiv = sqArea/12;
+    float offset = sqSize/2+gap;
+    float xp = offset + (x*sqSize);
+    float yp = offset + (y*sqSize);
+    for (int i = 0; i <= sqArea-gap*2; i = i+ydiv) {
+      float yy = i*halfArea+gap+i;
+      line(xp-halfArea+gap, yp-halfArea+gap+i, xp+halfArea-gap, yp-halfArea+gap+i);
+    }
+  } 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_04_grids/_04_grids.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_04_grids/_04_grids.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a07a30719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_04_grids/_04_grids.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Wilson Grids by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 152
+ * 
+ * Step 4. 
+*/
+
+size(600, 600);
+background(0);
+stroke(255, 204);
+float numSquares = 6.0;
+int gap = 8;
+float xUnit = (width-gap*2)/numSquares;
+float yUnit = (height-gap*2)/numSquares;
+float squareWidth = xUnit;
+int squareHeight = int(yUnit);
+
+for(float y=0; y<numSquares; y=y+1) {
+  for(float x=0; x<numSquares; x=x+1) {
+    squareWidth = int(random(10, 300));
+    squareHeight = int(squareWidth);
+    //squareHeight = int(random(10, 100));
+    int ydiv = squareHeight/12;
+    float xoff = xUnit/2+gap;
+    float yoff = yUnit/2+gap;
+    float xp = xoff + (x*xUnit);
+    float yp = yoff + (y*yUnit);
+    for(int i=0; i<=squareHeight-gap*2; i=i+ydiv) {
+      float yy = i*squareHeight/2+gap+i;
+      line(xp-squareWidth/2+gap, yp-squareHeight/2+gap+i, xp+squareWidth/2-gap, yp-squareHeight/2+gap+i);
+    }
+  } 
+  
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_05_grids/_05_grids.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_05_grids/_05_grids.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..47b9e5cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_03_grids/_05_grids/_05_grids.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Wilson Grids by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 152
+ * 
+ * Step 5. 
+*/
+
+
+size(600, 600);
+background(0);
+stroke(255, 204);
+float numSquares = 12.0;
+int gap = 4;
+float xUnit = (width-gap*2)/numSquares;
+float yUnit = (height-gap*2)/numSquares;
+float squareWidth = xUnit;
+float squareHeight = yUnit;
+
+for (float y = 0; y < numSquares; y = Y + 1) {
+  for (float x = 0; x < numSquares; x = x+1) {
+    float ydiv = squareHeight/12;
+    float xoff = xUnit/2+gap;
+    float yoff = yUnit/2+gap;
+    float xp = xoff + (x*xUnit);
+    float yp = yoff + (y*yUnit);
+    for(float i=0; i<=squareHeight-gap*2; i=i+ydiv) {
+      float yy = i*squareHeight/2+gap+i;
+      line(xp-squareWidth/2+gap, yp-squareHeight/2+gap+i, xp+squareWidth/2-gap, yp-squareHeight/2+gap+i);
+    }
+    
+    ydiv = random(1.0, squareHeight/4);
+    
+    for(float i=0; i<=squareHeight-gap*2; i=i+ydiv) {
+      float yy = i*squareHeight/2+gap+i;
+      line(xp-squareWidth/2+gap, yp-squareHeight/2+gap+i, xp+squareWidth/2-gap, yp-squareHeight/2+gap+i);
+    }
+  } 
+  
+}
+
+// save("Synthesis-3--3-" + int(random(0, 100)) + ".tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_04_mandelbrot/_04_mandelbrot.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_04_mandelbrot/_04_mandelbrot.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9962f72a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_04_mandelbrot/_04_mandelbrot.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 1: Form and Code
+ * Mandelbrot Set by William Ngan (http:/www.metaphorical.net)
+ * p. 153
+ */
+
+
+size(600, 600);
+
+float co; // color
+int accuracy = 200;  // Lower numbers are less accurate (lower resolution)
+float zoom = 200.0;  // Try these: 200 250 350 500 700 950 1250 1600 2000 2450 2950 3500
+float dx = width/2 - mouseX;
+float dy = height/2 - mouseY;
+float xscale = width / zoom;
+float yscale = height / zoom;
+float xOff = dx/width * xscale / 2;
+float yOff = -1 + (dy/height * yscale / 2);
+
+for ( int i=0; i<width; i++ ) {
+  for (int j=0; j<height; j++) { 
+    // For every point on complex plane     
+    float re = i/zoom - xOff - width/2.0/zoom; 
+    float im = j/zoom - yOff - height/2.0/zoom; 
+    // Complex number z, c 
+    float z1 = 0.0;
+    float z2 = 0.0; 
+    co = 0;  
+
+    for (int k=0; k<accuracy; k++) { 
+      float zz1 = sq(z1) - sq(z2) + re;
+      float zz2 = 2*z1*z2 + im;
+      z1 = zz1;
+      z2 = zz2; 
+      // Check if the modulus of complex num is within limit 
+      if ( sqrt((sq(z1) + sq(z2)) ) > 2 ) { 
+        co = 1 - k/float(accuracy); 
+        break; // NOTE: This is new syntax!!!
+      } 
+    } 
+    stroke(color(255*co, 255*co, 255*co));
+    point(i, j);
+  } 
+}
+
+
+// save("Synthesis-04--" + zoom + ".tif");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_05_tennis/_05_tennis.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_05_tennis/_05_tennis.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dc267f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_05_tennis/_05_tennis.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 2: Input and Response
+ * Tennis by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 256
+ * 
+ * Only the right paddle works. As a challenge, try to
+ * add code to activate the left paddle. You can make decide to make
+ * it a one-player or two-player game. As an additional challenge, 
+ * have the program keep score.
+ */
+
+ 
+int ballX;
+int ballY;
+int ballDir = 1;
+int ballSize = 10;  // Radius
+float ballAngle = 0.0;  // Direction
+
+// Global variables for the paddle
+int paddleWidth = 20;
+int paddleHeight = 40;
+
+int wallGap = 50;
+
+int netSegment;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(640, 480);
+  noStroke();
+  ballY = height/2;
+  ballX = 0;
+  noCursor();
+  netSegment = height/32;
+}
+
+void draw()  {
+  background(0);
+  
+  stroke(255);
+  // Draw Net
+  for(int i=0; i<height; i=i+netSegment) {
+    line(width/2, i, width/2, i+netSegment/3);
+  } 
+  noStroke();
+  
+  
+  ballX += ballDir * 2;
+  ballY += ballAngle;
+  
+  if(ballX > width+ballSize*2) {
+    ballX = -ballSize;
+    ballY = int(random(0, height-ballSize));
+    ballAngle = 0;
+    println(ballX + ":" + ballY + ":" + ballAngle);
+  }
+  
+  if(ballX < -ballSize*2) {
+    ballX = width;
+    ballY = int(random(0, height-ballSize));
+    ballAngle = 0;
+    println(ballX + ":" + ballY + ":" + ballAngle);
+  }
+  
+  // Constrain paddle to screen
+  float paddleY = constrain(mouseY, 0, height-paddleHeight);
+
+  // Test to see if the ball is touching the paddle
+  float py = width-wallGap-ballSize;
+  if(ballX >= py && ( ballY+ballSize >= paddleY && ballY <= paddleY + paddleHeight)) {
+       
+    ballDir *= -1;
+    if(mouseY != pmouseY) {
+      ballAngle = (mouseY-pmouseY)/2.0;
+      ballAngle = constrain(ballAngle, -5, 5);
+    }
+  } 
+  
+  // If ball hits back wall, reverse direction
+  if(ballX < 0) {
+    ballDir *= -1;
+  }
+  
+  // If the ball is touching top or bottom edge, reverse direction
+  if((ballY > height-ballSize) || (ballY < 0)) {
+    ballAngle = ballAngle * -1;
+  }
+
+  // Draw ball
+  fill(255);
+  rect(ballX, ballY, ballSize, ballSize);
+  
+  // Draw the paddle
+  fill(153);
+  rect(width-wallGap, paddleY, paddleWidth, paddleHeight);  
+
+  // Draw the paddle
+  rect(wallGap, height-paddleY-paddleHeight, paddleWidth, paddleHeight); 
+}
+
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  //saveFrame("pong-####.tif"); 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_06_cursor/_06_cursor.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_06_cursor/_06_cursor.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ef52995ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_06_cursor/_06_cursor.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 2: Input and Response
+ * Cursor by Peter Cho (www.typotopo.com)
+ * p. 257
+ *
+ * There are four modes, each is a different
+ * way to use the input from the mouse to control
+ * the cursor(s). Click on a number to select that
+ * mode.
+ */
+ 
+ 
+PFont fontA;
+int gx, gy;
+int mode, nextmode;
+int nummodes;
+boolean forapplet = false;
+
+float mx, my, lastmx, lastmy;
+float lastrot, lastsc;
+
+float bgx, bgy;
+
+
+float p_x, p_y;
+float p_fx, p_fy;
+float p_v2, p_vx, p_vy;
+float p_a2, p_ax, p_ay;
+float p_mass, p_drag;
+
+
+void setup()
+{
+  size(600, 600);
+  gx = width; 
+  gy = height;
+  size(gx, gy);
+  colorMode(RGB, 1.0);
+  strokeWeight(1.3);
+  loop();
+  smooth();
+  strokeJoin(ROUND);
+  
+  init_particle(0.6, 0.9,  width/2, height/2);
+  
+  fontA = loadFont("NewsGothicBT-Bold-48.vlw");
+  nummodes = 4;
+  mode = 1;
+
+  bgx = 0;
+  bgy = 0;
+  mx = gx/2;
+  my = gy/2;
+
+  noCursor();
+
+  if (forapplet) {
+    cursor(CROSS);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void init_particle(float _mass, float _drag, float ox, float oy) 
+{
+  p_x = ox;
+  p_y = oy;
+  p_v2 = 0.0f;
+  p_vx = 0.0f;
+  p_vy = 0.0f;
+  p_a2 = 0.0f;
+  p_ax = 0.0f;
+  p_ay = 0.0f;
+  p_mass = _mass;
+  p_drag = _drag;
+}
+
+void iterate_particle(float fkx, float fky) 
+{
+  // iterate for a single force acting on the particle
+  p_fx = fkx;
+  p_fy = fky;
+  p_a2 = p_fx*p_fx + p_fy*p_fy;
+  if (p_a2 < 0.0000001) return;
+  p_ax = p_fx/p_mass;
+  p_ay = p_fy/p_mass;
+  p_vx += p_ax;
+  p_vy += p_ay;
+  p_v2 = p_vx*p_vx + p_vy*p_vy;
+  if (p_v2 < 0.0000001) return;
+  p_vx *= (1.0 - p_drag);
+  p_vy *= (1.0 - p_drag);
+  p_x += p_vx;
+  p_y += p_vy;
+}
+
+void drawCursor(float x, float y, float myscale, float myrot) {
+  // draw generic arrow cursor
+  if (forapplet) y -= gy/2;
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y);
+  rotate(myrot);
+  scale(myscale, myscale);
+  beginShape(POLYGON);
+  vertex(7, 21);
+  vertex(4, 13);
+  vertex(1, 16);
+  vertex(0, 16);
+  vertex(0, 0); // tip of cursor shape
+  vertex(1, 0);
+  vertex(12, 11);
+  vertex(12, 12);
+  vertex(7, 12);
+  vertex(10, 20);
+  vertex(9, 21);
+  vertex(7, 21);
+  endShape();  
+  popMatrix();
+}
+
+void blurdot(float x, float y, float sc) {
+  ellipse(x, y, sc*5, sc*5);
+  ellipse(x, y, sc*23, sc*23);
+  ellipse(x, y, sc*57, sc*57);
+  ellipse(x, y, sc*93, sc*93);
+}
+
+void drawBlurCursor(float x, float y, float myscale, float dotval) {
+  // draw generic arrow cursor
+  if (forapplet) y -= gy/2;
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y);
+  scale(myscale, myscale);
+  float dotval2 = .5 + (1-dotval)*5;
+  dotval = .5 + (1-dotval)*9;
+  blurdot(7, 21, dotval2);
+  blurdot(1, 16, dotval);
+  blurdot(0, 8, dotval2); // midpt
+  blurdot(0, 0, dotval); // tip of cursor shape
+  blurdot(1, 0, dotval2);
+  blurdot(6, 6, dotval); // midpt
+  blurdot(12, 12, dotval2);
+  blurdot(10, 20, dotval);
+  popMatrix();
+}
+
+
+int n = 1;  
+void keyPressed() {
+  if (key == '1') {
+    mode = 1;
+  } else if (key == '2') {
+    mode = 2;
+  } else if (key == '3') {
+    mode = 3;
+  } else if (key == '4') {
+    mode = 4;
+  } 
+  
+  // saveFrame("cursor--" + mode + "-" + n + ".tif"); 
+  n++;
+}
+
+boolean isInside(float x, float y, float rx, float ry, float rw, float rh) {
+  return (x >= rx && x <= rx+rw && y >= ry && y <= ry+rh);  
+}
+
+void scrollbg(float x, float y) {
+  // scroll the bg
+  float amt = 30;
+  if (x < gx*.5) {
+    bgx += amt*(gx*.5 - x)*(gx*.5 - x)/(gx*gx);
+  } else if (x > gx - gx*.5) {
+    bgx -= amt*(x - (gx-gx*.5))*(x - (gx-gx*.5))/(gx*gx);
+  }
+  bgx = bgx % gx;
+  if (bgx < 0) bgx += gx;
+
+  if (y < gy*.5) {
+    bgy += amt*(gy*.5 - y)*(gy*.5 - y)/(gy*gy);
+  } else if (y > gy - gy*.5) {
+    bgy -= amt*(y - (gy-gy*.5))*(y - (gy-gy*.5))/(gy*gy);
+  }
+  bgy = bgy % gy;
+  if (bgy < 0) bgy += gy;
+}
+
+void draw()
+{
+  lastmx = mx;
+  lastmy = my;
+  
+  mx = mouseX;
+  my = mouseY;
+  
+  if (mode == 3) {
+    mx = mx*.01 + lastmx*.99;
+    my = my*.01 + lastmy*.99;
+    
+  } else if (mode == 4) {
+    mx = mx*.25 + lastmx*.75;
+    my = my*.25 + lastmy*.75;
+
+  } else {
+    mx = mx*.5 + lastmx*.5;
+    my = my*.5 + lastmy*.5;
+  }
+  
+  iterate_particle(.15*(-p_x+mx), .15*(-p_y+my));
+  scrollbg(p_x, p_y);
+
+  background(.8,.8,.8);
+  // Set the font and its size (in units of pixels)
+  textFont(fontA, 24);
+
+  float x, y;
+  int w=95, h=75;
+  for (int i=0; i<nummodes; i++) {
+    x = bgx + 15+100*i;
+    y = bgy + 55;
+    noFill();
+    stroke(1,1,1);//.6, .6, .6);
+    if (i+1 != mode) {
+      if (isInside(mx, my, x-4, y-32, w, h) ||
+        isInside(mx, my, x-4 - gx, y-32, w, h) ||
+        isInside(mx, my, x-4, y-32 - gy, w, h) ||
+        isInside(mx, my, x-4 - gx, y-32 - gy, w, h)) {
+        fill(.7, .1, 0);
+        if (mousePressed) {
+          mode = i+1;
+          println("chose "+mode);
+          mousePressed = false;
+        }
+      }
+      rect(x-4, y-32, w, h);
+      rect(x-4 - gx, y-32, w, h);
+      rect(x-4, y-32 - gy, w, h);
+      rect(x-4 - gx, y-32 - gy, w, h);
+    }
+    fill(.6, .6, .6);
+    fill(1,1,1);
+    y += 34;
+    x += 2;
+    text(""+(i+1), x, y);
+    text(""+(i+1), x - gx, y);
+    text(""+(i+1), x, y - gy);
+    text(""+(i+1), x - gx, y - gy);
+  }
+
+  if (mode == 1) {
+    fill(1,1,1);
+    stroke(.2,.2,.2);
+
+    drawCursor(mx, my, 1, 0);
+    
+  } else if (mode == 2) {
+    // scaling/rotating cursor
+    fill(1,1,1);
+    stroke(.2,.2,.2);
+
+    float rot = atan2(my-lastmy, mx-lastmx);
+    float sc = 1 + .06*abs(lastmx-mx) + .06*abs(lastmy-my);
+    drawCursor(mx, my, sc, rot*.5 + lastrot*.5);
+    lastrot = rot*.5 + lastrot*.5;
+    lastsc = sc;
+    
+  } else if (mode == 3) {
+    // slow poke / blur
+    fill(1,1,1, .07);
+    
+    float sc = 1 - .04*abs(lastmx-mx) - .03*abs(lastmy-my);
+    if (sc < 0.01) sc = .01;
+    
+    noStroke();
+    
+    drawBlurCursor(mx, my, sc*.15 + lastsc*.85, sc);
+    
+    noFill();
+    stroke(.2,.2,.2, .35);
+    drawCursor(mx, my, sc*.15 + lastsc*.85, 0);
+    
+    lastsc = sc;
+    
+  } else if (mode == 4) {
+    // grid
+    fill(1,1,1);
+    stroke(.2,.2,.2);
+
+    float rot;
+    for (int i=16; i<gx+2; i+=62) {
+      for (int j=11; j<gy; j+=60) {
+        rot = -PI/4. + atan2(j-my, i-mx);
+        drawCursor(i, j, 1, rot);
+      }
+    }  
+  }
+  
+  
+  if (forapplet) {
+    fill(0, 0, 0);
+    rect(0, gy/2, gx, gy/2);
+  }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_06_cursor/data/NewsGothicBT-Bold-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_06_cursor/data/NewsGothicBT-Bold-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..801ecfff2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_06_cursor/data/NewsGothicBT-Bold-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/_07_typing.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/_07_typing.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..31fcfb787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/_07_typing.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,229 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 2: Input and Response
+ * Typing by Casey Reas (www.processing.org)
+ * p. 258
+ *
+ * Click and drag the mouse to set the size and
+ * and angle of the current line of text. Type to change the
+ * text. Hit "delete" or "backspace" to remove letters from the 
+ * end of the line. Hit "return" to switch to the next line of text.
+ */
+ 
+ 
+String text1 = "Flatland by Edwin A. Abbott";
+String text2 = "1884";
+String text3 = "I call our world Flatland, not because we call it so,";
+String text4 = "but to make its nature clearer to you, my happy readers,";
+String text5 = "who are privileged to live in Space.";
+String s = "";
+int x, y;
+int mx, my;
+
+int mode = 1;
+
+float s1 = 1.0;
+float r1 = 0;
+float x1 = 0;
+float y1 = 0;
+
+float s2 = 1.0;
+float r2 = 0;
+float x2 = 0;
+float y2 = 0;
+
+float s3 = 1.0;
+float r3 = 0;
+float x3 = 0;
+float y3 = 0;
+
+float s4 = 1.0;
+float r4 = 0;
+float x4 = 0;
+float y4 = 0;
+
+float s5 = 1.0;
+float r5 = 0;
+float x5 = 0;
+float y5 = 0;
+
+
+PFont font;
+int whichString = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(600, 300);
+  smooth();
+  
+  //String[] fontList = PFont.list();
+  //println(fontList);
+  
+  font = createFont("Serif", 128);
+  textFont(font, 18);
+  stroke(0);
+  fill(0, 200);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  
+  stroke(204);
+  line(mouseX, 0, mouseX, height);
+  line(0, mouseY, width, mouseY);
+  stroke(0);
+  line(mx, 0, mx, height);
+  line(0, my, width, my);
+  
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x1, y1);
+  scale(s1);
+  rotate(r1);
+  text(text1, 0, 0);
+  popMatrix();
+
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x2, y2);
+  scale(s2);
+  rotate(r2);
+  text(text2, 0, 0);
+  popMatrix();
+
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x3, y3);
+  scale(s3);
+  rotate(r3);
+  text(text3, 0, 0);
+  popMatrix();
+
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x4, y4);
+  scale(s4);
+  rotate(r4);
+  text(text4, 0, 0);
+  popMatrix();
+
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x5, y5);
+  scale(s5);
+  rotate(r5);
+  text(text5, 0, 0);
+  popMatrix();
+
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if(key == ' ') {
+    //saveFrame("type-####.tif"); 
+  }
+  if(key == ENTER || key == RETURN) {
+    mode++;
+    if(mode > 5) {
+      mode = 1; 
+    } 
+  } 
+  else if (key == BACKSPACE) { 
+    if(mode == 1) {
+      if(text1.length() > 0) {
+        text1 = text1.substring(0, text1.length() - 1);
+      }
+    } 
+    else if (mode ==2 ) {
+      if(text2.length() > 0) {
+        text2 = text2.substring(0, text2.length() - 1);
+      }   
+    } 
+    else if (mode == 3) {
+      if(text3.length() > 0) {
+        text3 = text3.substring(0, text3.length() - 1);
+      }  
+    } 
+    else if (mode == 4) {
+      if(text4.length() > 0) {
+        text4 = text4.substring(0, text4.length() - 1);
+      }    
+    } 
+    else if (mode == 5) {
+      if(text5.length() > 0) {
+        text5 = text5.substring(0, text5.length() - 1);
+      }   
+    }
+  } 
+  else {
+    if(mode == 1) {
+      text1 += key;
+    } 
+    else if (mode ==2 ) {
+      text2 += key;    
+    } 
+    else if (mode == 3) {
+      text3 += key;    
+    } 
+    else if (mode == 4) {
+      text4 += key;    
+    } 
+    else if (mode == 5) {
+      text5 += key;   
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  mx = mouseX;
+  my = mouseY;  
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() {
+  x = mouseX;
+  y = mouseY; 
+  mx = mouseX;
+  my = mouseY;
+
+  if(mode == 1) {
+    x1 = x;
+    y1 = y;
+  } 
+  else if (mode ==2 ) {
+    x2 = x;
+    y2 = y;    
+  } 
+  else if (mode == 3) {
+    x3 = x;
+    y3 = y;    
+  } 
+  else if (mode == 4) {
+    x4 = x;
+    y4 = y;    
+  } 
+  else if (mode == 5) {
+    x5 = x;
+    y5 = y;    
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  //float mr = float(mouseX - mx) / width * TWO_PI;
+  
+  
+  float mr = atan2(mouseY-my, mouseX-mx);
+  //float ms = abs(float(mouseY-my) / height * 5.0) + 0.25;
+  float ms = dist(mouseX, mouseY, mx, my) / 100.0;
+  if(mode == 1) {
+    r1 = mr;
+    s1 = ms;
+  } 
+  else if (mode ==2 ) {
+    r2 = mr;
+    s2 = ms;    
+  } 
+  else if (mode == 3) {
+    r3 = mr;
+    s3 = ms;    
+  } 
+  else if (mode == 4) {
+    r4 = mr;
+    s4 = ms;    
+  } 
+  else if (mode == 5) {
+    r5 = mr;
+    s5 = ms;    
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/data/TheSerif-Plain-128.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/data/TheSerif-Plain-128.vlw
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d03189b65
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/data/TheSerif-Plain-128.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/data/TheSerif-Plain-96.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/data/TheSerif-Plain-96.vlw
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..246476063
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_07_typing/data/TheSerif-Plain-96.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_08_clock/_08_clock.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_08_clock/_08_clock.pde
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c11ce559d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_08_clock/_08_clock.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 2: Input and Response
+ * Banded Clock by Golan Levin (www.flong.com)
+ * p. 259
+ *  
+ *
+ * 
+ */
+ 
+ 
+//================================================
+int prevX = 0;
+int prevY = 0;	
+int clickX = 0;
+int clickY = 0;
+
+final int NCOLORS = 256;
+color colorArray[];
+float S, M, H;
+int Scolors[];
+int Mcolors[];
+int Hcolors[];
+int ys0, ys1;
+int ym0, ym1;
+int yh0, yh1;
+
+float Soffset = 0;
+float Hoffset = 0;
+float Moffset = 0;
+float Svel = 0;
+float Hvel = 0;
+float Mvel = 0;
+float damp = 0.94f;
+
+int mil, sec, minut, hou;
+int milError = 0;
+int canvasWidth;
+int canvasHeight;
+
+//================================================
+void setup(){
+
+  size(600, 600); 
+  canvasWidth  = width;
+  canvasHeight = height;
+
+  Scolors = new int[canvasWidth];
+  Mcolors = new int[canvasWidth];
+  Hcolors = new int[canvasWidth];
+  colorArray = new color[NCOLORS];
+  for (int i=0; i<NCOLORS; i++){
+    colorArray[i] = color(i,i,i);
+  }
+
+  ys0 = 0;     
+  ys1 = canvasHeight/3;
+  ym0 = ys1+1; 
+  ym1 = canvasHeight*2/3;
+  yh0 = ym1+1; 
+  yh1 = canvasHeight;
+}
+
+
+void draw(){
+  updateClock();
+  drawClock();
+}
+
+
+
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void updateClock(){
+  
+  findMillisError();
+  
+  mil   = (millis()-milError)%1000;
+  sec   = second();
+  minut = minute();
+  hou   = hour()%12;
+
+  S = (float)(sec *1000.0 + mil)/1000.0;
+  M = (minut*60.0 + S)/60.0;
+  H = (hou  *60.0 + M)/60.0;
+  
+  Soffset += Svel; 
+  Svel *= damp;
+  Moffset += Mvel; 
+  Mvel *= damp;
+  Hoffset += Hvel; 
+  Hvel *= damp;
+
+  float p;
+  float ps, pm, ph;
+  for (int i=0; i<canvasWidth; i++){
+    p  = (float)i/(float)canvasWidth;
+    ps = p*S + Soffset;
+    pm = p*M + Moffset;
+    ph = p*H + Hoffset;
+    Scolors[i] = wave(GMOD(ps, 1.0f));
+    Mcolors[i] = wave(GMOD(pm, 1.0f));
+    Hcolors[i] = wave(GMOD(ph, 1.0f));
+  }
+}
+
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void drawClock(){
+  for (int x=0; x<canvasWidth; x++){
+    stroke(colorArray[Scolors[x]]);
+    line (x, ys0, x, ys1);
+    stroke(colorArray[Mcolors[x]]);
+    line (x, ym0, x, ym1);
+    stroke(colorArray[Hcolors[x]]);
+    line (x, yh0, x, yh1);
+  }
+}
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities
+
+void findMillisError(){
+   int sec2 = second();
+   if (sec2 > sec){
+     milError = millis()%1000;
+   }
+}
+
+//------------------
+float GMOD (float A, float B){ 
+  return (float)(A - (floor(A/B)*B)); 
+}
+
+//------------------
+int wave(float a){
+  // inexpensive ramp function, 
+  // but not as nice as true sine wave (below)
+  int val = 0;
+  float cscale = 2.0f*255.0f;
+  if (a < 0.5){ 
+    val = (int) round (a *cscale); 
+  }
+  else {        
+    val = (int) round ((1.0f-a)*cscale); 
+  }
+  return val;
+}
+
+//------------------
+int sinWave (float a){
+  // expensive trigonometric function, but nicer looking
+  float sina = (1.0+sin(TWO_PI*a))*255.0/2.0;
+  int val = (int)round(sina);
+  return val;
+}
+
+//--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// interaction methods
+
+void mousePressed (){ 
+  prevX  = mouseX; 
+  prevY  = mouseY;
+  clickX = mouseX;
+  clickY = mouseY;
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  // allow bands to be shifted around, for "fun"
+  float accel = (prevX - mouseX)*0.004f;
+  if  ((clickY >= ys0) && (clickY < ys1)){ 
+    Svel += accel; 
+  }
+  else if ((clickY >= ym0) && (clickY < ym1)){ 
+    Mvel += accel; 
+  }
+  else if ((clickY >= yh0) && (clickY < yh1)){ 
+    Hvel += accel; 
+  }
+  prevX  = mouseX; 
+  prevY  = mouseY;
+}
+
+
+
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  saveFrame("clock--" + hour() + "-" + minute() + "-" +  second() +  ".tif"); 
+}
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_09_centipede/_09_centipede.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_09_centipede/_09_centipede.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..76959237a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_09_centipede/_09_centipede.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 3: Motion and Arrays
+ * Centipede by Ariel Malka (www.chronotext.org)
+ * p. 372
+ */
+
+
+float x, y;
+float node_length = 30;
+float node_size = node_length-1;
+int n_nodes = 70;
+float[] nodes_x;
+float[] nodes_y;
+float delay = 20;
+color col_head = color(255, 0, 0);
+color col_body = color(0);
+
+
+void setup()
+{
+  size(600, 600);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+
+  x = width/2;
+  y = height/2;
+
+  int r1 = 10;
+  int r2 = 100;
+  int dr = r2-r1;
+  float D = 0;
+  
+  nodes_x = new float[n_nodes];
+  nodes_y = new float[n_nodes];
+  
+  for (int i=0; i<n_nodes; i++) {
+    float r = sqrt(r1 * r1 + 2.0 * dr * D);
+    float d = (r - r1) / dr;
+
+    nodes_x[i] = x - sin(d) * r;
+    nodes_y[i] = y + cos(d) * r;
+
+    D += node_length;
+  }
+}
+
+
+void draw()
+{
+  background(204);
+  
+  // Set the position of the head
+  setTarget(mouseX, mouseY);
+  
+  // Draw the head
+  fill(col_head);
+  ellipse(nodes_x[0], nodes_y[0], node_size, node_size);
+  
+  // Draw the body
+  fill(col_body);
+  for (int i=1; i < n_nodes; i++) {
+    ellipse(nodes_x[i], nodes_y[i], node_size, node_size);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void setTarget(float tx, float ty)
+{
+  // Motion interpolation for the head
+  x += (tx - x) / delay;
+  y += (ty - y) / delay;
+  nodes_x[0] = x;
+  nodes_y[0] = y;
+ 
+  // Constrained motion for the other nodes
+  for (int i=1; i < n_nodes; i++)
+  {
+    float dx = nodes_x[i - 1] - nodes_x[i];
+    float dy = nodes_y[i - 1] - nodes_y[i];
+    float len = sqrt(sq(dx) + sq(dy));
+    nodes_x[i] = nodes_x[i - 1] - (dx/len * node_length);
+    nodes_y[i] = nodes_y[i - 1] - (dy/len * node_length);
+  }
+}
+
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  // saveFrame("centipede-####.tif"); 
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_10_chronodraw/_10_chronodraw.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_10_chronodraw/_10_chronodraw.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ad0844be4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_10_chronodraw/_10_chronodraw.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 3: Motion and Arrays
+ * Chronodraw by Andreas Gysin (www.ertdfgcvb.ch)
+ * p. 373
+ */
+
+
+int hquads       = 23;
+int vquads       = 1;
+int quadwidth    = 38;
+int quadheight   = 250;
+int buflength    = 200;
+int framestep    = 4;
+int framerest    = 2;
+boolean fat      = false;
+boolean grid     = true;
+int btnresomulti = 2;
+int btnreso      = 23;
+int btnheight;
+int framecounter = 0;
+PImage[] bitlist = new PImage[buflength];
+PImage blank     = new PImage();
+int currentpic   = buflength - 1;
+
+
+void setup() {
+  size(quadwidth * hquads, quadheight * vquads);
+  blank.width  = quadwidth;
+  blank.height = quadheight;
+  blank.pixels = new color[quadwidth*quadheight];
+  for (int j=0; j<blank.pixels.length; j++){
+    blank.pixels[j] = color(0,0,0);
+  }
+  clearall();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  // drawpixels 
+  if (mousePressed) {
+    if ((mouseX >= 0) && (mouseX < width) && (mouseY >= 0) && (mouseY < height)){
+      drawline(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+      if (fat) {
+        drawthickline(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY, 2);
+        drawdot(mouseX+1, mouseY);
+        drawdot(mouseX,   mouseY+1);
+        drawdot(mouseX,   mouseY-1);
+        drawdot(mouseX-1, mouseY);
+        drawdot(mouseX+1, mouseY-1);
+        drawdot(mouseX+1, mouseY+1);
+        drawdot(mouseX-1, mouseY-1);
+        drawdot(mouseX-1, mouseY+1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // draw frames
+  int p = currentpic;
+  for (int j=0; j<vquads; j++){
+    for (int i=0; i<hquads; i++){
+      set(i*quadwidth, j*quadheight, bitlist[p]);
+      p+= framestep;
+      p = p%buflength;
+      if (p<0) { 
+        p = buflength + p;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  //  increment
+  framecounter++;
+  if (framecounter >= framerest) {
+    framecounter = 0;
+    currentpic--;
+    if (currentpic < 0) { 
+      currentpic = buflength - 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // btncheck
+  if (keyPressed && key==' ') {
+    btnheight = height / 2;
+    if (mouseY < btnheight && mouseY >=0){
+      framestep = - int(btnreso / 2) + int(mouseX/(width/btnreso));
+      //println(framestep);
+    } else if (mouseY > btnheight && mouseY < height){
+      framerest = int(mouseX/(width/btnreso))*btnresomulti;
+    }
+  } else {
+    btnheight = 8;
+  }
+
+  // drawgrid
+  if (grid) { 
+    drawgrid();
+  }
+
+  // drawbtn1
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0,0,255,60);
+  int btnxoffset = width/btnreso * (btnreso / 2 + framestep);
+  rect(btnxoffset, 0, width/btnreso, btnheight);
+
+  // drawbtn2
+  fill(255,0,0,60);
+  btnxoffset = width/btnreso * framerest / btnresomulti;
+  rect(btnxoffset, height - btnheight, width/btnreso, btnheight);
+}
+
+void clearall(){
+  for (int i=0; i<bitlist.length; i++){
+    bitlist[i] = blank.get();
+  }
+}
+
+
+void keyPressed(){
+  if (key == 'x' || key == 'X') {
+    clearall();
+  }
+  else if (key == 'f' || key == 'F') {
+    fat = !fat;
+  }
+
+}
+
+void drawgrid() {
+  stroke(255, 255, 255, 40);
+
+  for (int i=0; i<vquads; i++){
+    int l = i*quadheight;
+    line(0, l, width, l);
+  }
+  line(0, height-1, width, height-1); // last line
+
+  for (int i=0; i<hquads; i++){
+    int l = i*quadwidth;
+    line(l, 0, l, height);
+  }
+  line(width-1, 0, width-1, height); // last line
+}
+
+
+void drawdot(int qx, int qy){
+  int offsx = qx%quadwidth;
+  int offsy = qy%quadheight;
+  int mx = qx / quadwidth;
+  int my = qy / quadheight;
+  int offsp = mx + my * hquads;
+  int cp = (currentpic + offsp * framestep) % buflength;
+  if (cp < 0) cp = buflength + cp;
+  bitlist[cp].set(offsx, offsy, color(255,255,255));
+}
+
+
+//Bresenham's algorithm
+void drawline(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+{
+  int sizex, sizey, incx, incy;
+  int countx, county, x, y;
+  sizex=x2-x1;
+  sizey=y2-y1;
+
+  if(sizex<0) {
+    sizex=-sizex;
+    incx=-1;
+  } else {
+    incx=1;
+  }
+
+  if(sizey<0) {
+    sizey=-sizey;
+    incy=-1;
+  }else {
+    incy = 1;
+  }
+  countx=x1;
+  county=y1;
+
+  drawdot(x1, y1);
+  if (sizex>=sizey) {
+    y=sizex>>1;
+    for(int i=0;i<sizex;i++) {
+      y+=sizey;
+      if (y>=sizex) {
+        y-=sizex;
+        county+=incy;
+      }
+      countx+=incx;
+      drawdot(countx, county);
+    }
+  } else {
+    x=sizey>>1;
+    for(int i=0;i<sizey;i++) {
+      x+=sizex;
+      if (x>=sizey) {
+        x-=sizey;
+        countx+=incx;
+      }
+      county+=incy;
+      drawdot(countx, county);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+//idem
+void drawthickline(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int thickness) {
+
+  int dX = x2 - x1;
+  int dY = y2 - y1;
+
+  double lineLength = Math.sqrt(dX * dX + dY * dY);
+  double scale = (double)(thickness) / (2 * lineLength);
+  double ddx = -scale * (double)dY;
+  double ddy = scale * (double)dX;
+  ddx += (ddx > 0) ? 0.5 : -0.5;
+  ddy += (ddy > 0) ? 0.5 : -0.5;
+  int dx = (int)ddx;
+  int dy = (int)ddy;
+
+  int xPoints[] = new int[4];
+  int yPoints[] = new int[4];
+
+  xPoints[0] = x1 + dx; yPoints[0] = y1 + dy;
+  xPoints[1] = x1 - dx; yPoints[1] = y1 - dy;
+  xPoints[2] = x2 - dx; yPoints[2] = y2 - dy;
+  xPoints[3] = x2 + dx; yPoints[3] = y2 + dy;
+
+  drawline(xPoints[0], yPoints[0], xPoints[1], yPoints[1]);
+  drawline(xPoints[1], yPoints[1], xPoints[2], yPoints[2]);
+  drawline(xPoints[2], yPoints[2], xPoints[3], yPoints[3]);
+  drawline(xPoints[3], yPoints[3], xPoints[0], yPoints[0]);
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_11_amoebaAbstract/_11_amoebaAbstract.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_11_amoebaAbstract/_11_amoebaAbstract.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..607b23578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_11_amoebaAbstract/_11_amoebaAbstract.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 3: Motion and Arrays
+ * AmoebaAbstract_03 by Marius Watz <http://www.unlekker.net>
+ * p. 374
+ * 
+ * Move the mouse to control the speed of the elements. Click to 
+ * restart with different colors.
+ * 
+ * Notes from Marius: 
+ * Abstract computational animation for the exhibition "Abstraction Now", 
+ * Kunstlerhaus Vienna, 29.08-28.09 2003.
+ * You are allowed to play with this code as much as you like, but
+ * you may not publish pieces based directly on it.
+*/
+
+
+int num,cnt,colNum,colScheme;
+float h,maxSpeed;
+float[] x,y,speed;
+boolean initialised;
+float[] colR,colG,colB;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(700, 400);
+  background(255);
+  smooth();
+  frameRate(30);
+
+  cnt=0;
+  maxSpeed=8;
+  num=20;
+  x=new float[num];
+  y=new float[num];
+  speed=new float[num];
+  h=height/num;
+  for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+    x[i]=0;
+    y[i]=h*i+2;
+    speed[i]=random(maxSpeed/2-1)+1;
+    if(random(100)>50) speed[i]=-speed[i];
+  }
+  noStroke();
+
+  colR=new float[1000];
+  colG=new float[1000];
+  colB=new float[1000];
+
+  colScheme=-1;
+  initColors();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int c;
+
+  cnt++;
+  for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+    x[i] += speed[i];
+    if(x[i] < 0) { 
+      x[i] += width;
+    } else if(x[i] > width) { 
+      x[i] -= width;
+    }
+
+    c = ((i*11+cnt*3+int(speed[i]*10))/20)%colNum;
+    if(c<0) {
+      c=0;
+    }
+    fill(colR[c],colG[c],colB[c],150);
+
+    if(i%2==0) { 
+      rect(x[i]%width, y[i], 6, h);
+    }
+    else { 
+      ellipse(x[i]%width, y[i]+h/2, h-6, h-6);
+    }
+  }
+
+  stroke(255,255,255,10);
+  noFill();
+  strokeWeight(2);
+  for(int i=0; i < num-3; i++) {
+    line(x[i], y[i]+h/2, x[(i+3)%num], y[(i+3)%num]+h/2);
+    line(x[num-i-1], y[num-i-1]+h/2, x[(num-i-2)%num], y[(num-i-2)%num]+h/2);
+  }
+  noStroke();
+  fill(255);
+  rect(0, 0, 2, height);
+  rect(width-2, 0, 2, height);
+}
+
+void initColors() {
+  colNum=0;
+  colScheme=(colScheme+1)%3;
+  if(colScheme==0) {
+    addColor(12, 100,200,255, 50,100,128);
+    addColor(8, 26,41,58, 50,100,128);
+    addColor(2, 255,255,255, 255,255,255);
+    addColor(16, 0,0,50, 40,40,80);
+    addColor(12, 100,200,255, 50,100,128);
+    addColor(8, 26,41,58, 50,100,128);
+    addColor(6, 0,200,20, 0,255,100);
+    addColor(2, 255,255,255, 255,255,255);
+    addColor(16, 0,0,50, 40,40,80);
+    addColor(5, 255,200,0, 255,170,0);
+  }
+  else if(colScheme==1) {
+    addColor(20, 255,0,100, 128,0,0);
+    addColor(6, 255,100,0, 255,150,0);
+    addColor(6, 128,0,0, 50,20,20);
+    addColor(12, 255,255,255, 255,100,100);
+    addColor(4, 255,100,0, 102,0,0);
+  }
+  else if(colScheme==2) {
+    addColor(14, 128,163,120, 27,53,38);
+    addColor(8, 64,95,0, 225,227,0);
+    addColor(8, 0,150,150, 215,255,255);
+    addColor(4, 168,106,170, 235,183,237);
+    addColor(14, 128,163,120, 27,53,38);
+    addColor(8, 64,95,0, 225,227,0);
+    addColor(8, 0,150,150, 215,255,255);
+    addColor(12, 92,18,96, 217,111,226);
+  }
+}
+
+void addColor(float r,float g,float b) {
+  colR[colNum]=r;
+  colG[colNum]=g;
+  colB[colNum]=b;
+  colNum++;
+}
+
+void addColor(int num, float r1,float g1,float b1, float r2,float g2,float b2) {
+
+  r2=(r2-r1)/float(num-1);
+  g2=(g2-g1)/float(num-1);
+  b2=(b2-b1)/float(num-1);
+
+  for(int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+    colR[colNum] = r1+r2*(float)i;
+    colG[colNum] = g1+g2*(float)i;
+    colB[colNum] = b1+b2*(float)i;
+    colNum++;
+  }
+}
+
+void updateSpeed() {
+  int which = mouseY/(height/num);
+  speed[which] = sq(((mouseX-width/2.0)/(width/2.0)))*maxSpeed;
+  if(speed[which] < 0.2) { 
+    speed[which] = 0.2;
+  }
+  if(mouseX < width/2) { 
+    speed[which] *= -1;
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  updateSpeed();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  background(255);
+  initColors();
+  updateSpeed();
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() {
+  updateSpeed();
+}
+
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  // saveFrame("amoebaAbstract-####.tif"); 
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/_12_robot.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/_12_robot.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1bab4500a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/_12_robot.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 3: Motion and Arrays
+ * Mr. Roboto by Leon Hong
+ * p. 375
+ *
+ * The program loads a series images. They are assembled with the code
+ * to create the robot and its motion. The position of the robot is controlled
+ * with the mouse. Move the robot over the battery to turn on its lights.
+ */
+
+
+PImage batt, battalpha, batteat, batteatalpha, body, body2, head, head2, headalpha;
+float mx = -100;
+float my = -10;
+float delay = 100.0;
+float sinval;
+float angle;
+float speed = -.9;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(600, 600);
+  batt = loadImage("batt.png");
+  battalpha = loadImage("battalpha.gif");
+  batt.mask(battalpha);
+  batteat = loadImage("batteat.gif");
+  batteatalpha = loadImage("batteatalpha.gif");
+  batteat.mask(batteatalpha);
+  body = loadImage("body.png");
+  body2 = loadImage("body2.jpg");
+  head = loadImage("head.png");
+  head2 = loadImage("head2.jpg");
+  headalpha = loadImage("headalpha.gif");
+  head.mask(headalpha);
+  head2.mask(headalpha);
+  frameRate(30);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  noCursor();
+  background (172);
+  pushMatrix();
+  interpolate();
+  translate (mx-100,my-150);
+  angle = angle + speed;
+  sinval = sin(angle);
+  if (abs(my-mouseY)>20 && abs(mx-mouseX)>5){
+    image (body,0,135);
+    image (head,0,sinval*20-40);
+  }
+  else{
+    image (body2,0,135);
+    image (head2,0,sinval*20-40);
+  }
+  interpolate();
+  popMatrix();
+  pushMatrix();
+  if (abs(my-mouseY)>20 && abs(mx-mouseX)>5){
+    battery(true);
+  }
+  else{
+    battery (false);
+  }
+  popMatrix();
+}
+
+void battery(boolean test){
+  if (test==true){
+    image (batt, mouseX-50, mouseY-20);
+  }
+  else{
+    image (batteat, mouseX-50+random(-20,20), mouseY-20+random(-20,20));
+  }
+}
+
+void interpolate(){
+  float diffx = mouseX-mx;
+  if(abs(diffx) > 1) {
+    mx = mx + diffx/delay;
+  }
+  float diffy = mouseY-my;
+  if(abs(diffy) > 1) {
+    my = my + diffy/delay;
+  }
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  // saveFrame("robot-####.tif"); 
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/battalpha.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/battalpha.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c2ed3ea0
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/battalpha.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/batteat.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/batteat.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36a12ae34
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/batteat.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/batteatalpha.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/batteatalpha.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..19ce7a9be
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/batteatalpha.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/headalpha.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/headalpha.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0527d026f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_12_robot/data/headalpha.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/Module.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/Module.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c93a9bd4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/Module.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+class Module {
+  int i;
+  float x, y, myAngle, myRadius, dir;
+  float mx = width/2;
+  float my = height/2;
+  float delay = 40.0;
+  
+  Module(int spriteNum, float xx, float yy, float deg, float rad, float pp) {
+    i = spriteNum;
+    x = xx;
+    y = yy;
+    myAngle = deg;
+    myRadius = rad;
+    dir = pp;
+  }
+  
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/ModuleA.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/ModuleA.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..35cc62ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/ModuleA.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+class ModuleA extends Module {
+
+  ModuleA(int spriteNum, float xx, float yy, float deg, float rad, float pp) {
+    super(spriteNum, xx, yy, deg, rad, pp);
+  }
+  
+  void updateMe() {
+    float mh = x - mouseX;
+    float mv = y - mouseY;
+    float mdif = sqrt(mh*mh+mv*mv);
+    float dh = width/2 - mouseX;
+    float dv = height/2 - mouseY;
+    float ddif = sqrt(dh*dh+dv*dv);
+    if(dir == 1){
+      myAngle +=  abs(ddif - mdif)/50.0;
+    }
+    else{
+      myAngle -=  abs(ddif - mdif)/50.0;
+    }
+    myRadius +=  mdif/100.00;
+    if(myRadius > width){
+      myRadius = random(10,40);
+    }
+    mx += (mouseX - mx)/delay;
+    my += (mouseY - my)/delay;
+    x = mx + (myRadius * cos(radians(myAngle)));
+    y = my + (myRadius * sin(radians(myAngle)));
+    stroke(num/(i+1), num/(i+1), num/(i+1));
+    point(x,y);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/ModuleB.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/ModuleB.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c173020c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/ModuleB.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+class ModuleB extends Module {
+
+  ModuleB(int spriteNum, float xx, float yy, float deg, float rad, float pp) {
+    super(spriteNum, xx, yy, deg, rad, pp);    
+  }
+
+  void updateMe(){
+    mx += (mouseX - mx)/delay;
+    my += (mouseY - my)/delay;
+    x = mx + (myRadius * cos(radians(myAngle)));
+    y = my + (myRadius * sin(radians(myAngle)));
+    stroke(num/2, num/2, num/2);
+    point(x,y);
+
+    // from connectMe2
+    noStroke();
+    fill(0, num/7.0, num/(i+1)+num/4.0, 20);
+    beginShape(QUADS);
+    vertex(modsA[i].x, modsA[i].y);
+    vertex(modsA[i].x+1, modsA[i].y+1);
+    vertex(x, y);
+    vertex(x+1, y+1);
+    endShape();
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/_13_withoutTitle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/_13_withoutTitle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e5ccb570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/_13_withoutTitle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/** 
+ * Synthesis 4: Structure and Interface
+ * WithoutTitle by Lia (http://lia.sil.at)
+ * p. 496
+ * 
+ * Move the mouse to create the drawing. Click to refresh the window.
+ */
+ 
+
+int num = 50;
+ModuleA[] modsA;
+ModuleB[] modsB;
+boolean initialized = false;
+
+void setup() { 
+  size(600, 600);
+  colorMode(RGB, num);
+  background(num);
+  smooth();
+  
+  modsA = new ModuleA[num];
+  modsB = new ModuleB[num];
+  
+  for (int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+    int qq;
+    if(random(1) > 0.5) {
+      qq = 1;
+    } else {
+      qq = -1;
+    }
+    float x = random(width);
+    float y = random(height);
+    float angle = random(360);
+    float direction = random(10, 40);
+    modsA[i] = new ModuleA(i, x, y, angle, direction, qq);
+    modsB[i] = new ModuleB(i, x, y, angle, direction, qq);
+  }
+
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if(initialized == true){
+    for (int i=0; i<num; i++){
+      modsA[i].updateMe();
+      for (int j=0; j<num; j++){
+        modsB[j].myAngle = modsA[j].myAngle;
+        modsB[j].myRadius = modsA[j].myRadius+i;
+      }
+      modsB[i].updateMe();
+      if ( (modsA[i].x < 0) || (modsA[i].x > width) || (modsA[i].y < 0) || (modsA[i].y > height) ){
+        modsA[i].x = mouseX;
+        modsA[i].y = mouseY;
+        modsB[i].x = mouseX;
+        modsB[i].y = mouseY;
+        float a = random(360);
+        modsA[i].myAngle = a;
+        modsB[i].myAngle = a;
+        float r = random(10, 40);
+        modsA[i].myRadius = r;
+        modsB[i].myRadius = r+i*i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  background(num); 
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() {
+  initialized = true; 
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  // saveFrame("withouttitle-####.tif"); 
+}
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/Thumbs.db b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/Thumbs.db
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d6134850
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/Thumbs.db differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_down.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_down.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b300b2c2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_down.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_hi.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_hi.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6f971e9e0
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_hi.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_lo.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_lo.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5db0ee614
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/down_lo.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_down.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_down.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a2367d69
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_down.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_hi.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_hi.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10bf1e299
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_hi.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_lo.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_lo.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e919d4bb6
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_13_withoutTitle/data/up_lo.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_14_pond/_14_pond.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_14_pond/_14_pond.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e663426f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_14_pond/_14_pond.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,671 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 4: Structure and Interface
+ * Pond by William Ngan (www.metaphorical.net)
+ * p. 197
+ * 
+ * Click to generate ripples and attract the fish. 
+ * Press keys 0-3 to turn that number of big fish ON or OFF.
+ */
+
+
+int NUM = 75; // number of fish
+
+Fish[] flock = new Fish[NUM];
+Fish bigfish1;
+Fish bigfish2;
+Fish bigfish3;
+
+//ripple
+float rippleX, rippleY;
+float[] ripple = new float[20];
+boolean hasRipple;
+int countRipple;
+
+int hasPredator = 1; // Number of predator (big fish)
+
+
+void setup() {
+
+  size(600, 600);
+
+  colorMode(HSB, 360, 100, 100);
+  background(85,46,83);
+
+  frameRate(30);
+
+  // Small fish
+  for (int i=0; i<NUM; i++) {
+    flock[i] = new Fish( random(width), random(height), 2f, random(PI), random(8f,12f) );
+    flock[i].setSpeedLimit( random(1f,3f), 0.5f );
+    flock[i].setColor( random(13), random(30,70), 100 );
+  }
+
+  // Ripple
+  for (int i=0; i<ripple.length; i++) {
+    ripple[i] = 999;
+  }
+
+  // Big fish 1
+  bigfish1 = new Fish( random(width), random(height), 1f, random(PI), 18f );
+  bigfish1.setSpeedLimit( 2f, 1f );
+  bigfish1.setColor( 84,45,100 );
+
+  // Big fish 2
+  bigfish2 = new Fish( random(width), random(height), 1f, random(PI), 18f );
+  bigfish2.setSpeedLimit( 1f, 0.5f );
+  bigfish2.setColor( 90,60,70 );
+
+
+  // Big fish 3
+  bigfish3 = new Fish( random(width), random(height), 1f, random(PI), 22f );
+  bigfish3.setSpeedLimit( 1f, 0.5f );
+  bigfish3.setColor( 100,45,50 );
+
+  smooth();
+}
+
+
+
+void draw() {
+
+  background( 85,46,83);
+  stroke(84,45,100);
+  noFill();
+
+  // Draw bigfish
+  if (hasPredator>0) {
+
+    bigfish1.scanPrey( flock, 150f );
+    bigfish1.predator( bigfish2.x, bigfish2.y, 100f, 6*PI/180f, 2f);
+    bigfish1.predator( bigfish3.x, bigfish3.y, 100f, 6*PI/180f, 2f);
+    bigfish1.predator( mouseX, mouseY, 50f, 5*PI/180f, 1f);
+    bigfish1.move();
+    stroke( bigfish1.colour[0], bigfish1.colour[1], bigfish1.colour[2]);
+    bigfish1.getFish();
+
+    if (hasPredator>1) {
+      bigfish2.scanPrey( flock, 120f );
+      bigfish2.predator( bigfish1.x, bigfish1.y, 100f, 5*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+      bigfish2.predator( bigfish3.x, bigfish3.y, 100f, 5*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+      bigfish2.predator( mouseX, mouseY, 50f, 4*PI/180f, 0.8f);
+      bigfish2.move();
+      stroke( bigfish2.colour[0], bigfish2.colour[1], bigfish2.colour[2]);
+      bigfish2.getFish();
+
+      if (hasPredator>2) {
+        bigfish3.scanPrey( flock, 100f );
+        bigfish3.predator( bigfish1.x, bigfish1.y, 100f, 5*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+        bigfish3.predator( bigfish2.x, bigfish2.y, 100f, 5*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+        bigfish3.predator( mouseX, mouseY, 50f, 3*PI/180f, 0.5f);
+        bigfish3.move();
+        stroke( bigfish3.colour[0], bigfish3.colour[1], bigfish3.colour[2]);
+        bigfish3.getFish();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // Draw small fish
+  noStroke();
+  for (int i=0; i<flock.length; i++) {
+
+    fill(flock[i].colour[0], flock[i].colour[1]+flock[i].tone, flock[i].colour[2]);
+
+    if (hasRipple) {
+      flock[i].swarm( rippleX, rippleY, PI/20 );
+    }
+
+    flock[i].scanFlock( flock, 200, 50 );
+
+    if (hasPredator>0) {
+      flock[i].predator( bigfish1.x, bigfish1.y, 100f, 8*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+      if (hasPredator>1) {
+        flock[i].predator( bigfish2.x, bigfish2.y, 100f, 8*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+        if (hasPredator>2) flock[i].predator( bigfish3.x, bigfish3.y, 100f, 8*PI/180f, 1.5f);
+      }
+    }
+    if (!hasRipple) flock[i].predator( mouseX, mouseY, 100f, 5*PI/180f, 1f);
+    flock[i].move();
+    flock[i].getFish();
+
+  }
+
+  // Draw ripple
+  stroke(84,66,96);
+  noFill();
+
+  if (hasRipple) {
+    if (countRipple>0) { // ripple done, but active for another second
+      countRipple++;
+    } 
+    else { // draw ripple
+      countRipple = 1;
+      for (int k=0; k<ripple.length; k++) {
+        if (ripple[k]<width) {
+          ripple[k]+=3f*(k+4);
+          ellipse( rippleX, rippleY, ripple[k], ripple[k]); 
+          countRipple = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    hasRipple = (countRipple>60) ? false : true;
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  rippleX = mouseX;
+  rippleY = mouseY;
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  rippleX = mouseX;
+  rippleY = mouseY;
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  if (!hasRipple) {
+    for (int k=0; k<ripple.length; k++) {
+      ripple[k]=0;
+    }
+    hasRipple = true;
+    countRipple = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if(key == '1') {
+    hasPredator = 1;
+  } 
+  else if (key == '2') {
+    hasPredator = 2;
+  } 
+  else if (key == '3') {
+    hasPredator = 3;
+  } 
+  else if (key == '0') {
+    hasPredator = 0;
+  }
+  
+  // saveFrame("pond-####.tif");
+}
+
+
+
+// FISH CLASS
+
+class Fish {
+
+  float fsize;
+  float[] tailP = { 0,0 };
+  float[] tailPC = { 0,0 };
+  float tailLength = 3.0f;
+  float x, y, angle, speed;
+  float maxSpeed, minSpeed;
+
+  float energy = 1f; // Energy to wriggle
+  float wave = 0; // Tail wave
+  int wcount = 0;
+  int uturn = 0;
+  int boundTime = 0;
+
+  float[] colour = { 255,255,255  };
+  float tone = 0;
+  boolean isBound = false;
+
+  Fish( float px, float py, float s, float a, float size ) {
+    tailP[1] = tailLength;
+    tailPC[1] = tailLength;
+
+    x = px;
+    y = py;
+    angle = a;
+    speed = s;
+    fsize = size;
+  }
+
+
+  //  Draw fish's curves
+  void getFish(){
+    float[] pos1, pos2, pos3;
+    beginShape();
+
+    pos1 = calc( 0f, -1f, fsize );
+    vertex( pos1[0], pos1[1]);
+
+    pos1 = calc( 0.5f, -1f, fsize );
+    pos2 = calc( 1f, -0.5f, fsize );
+    pos3 = calc( 1f, 0f, fsize );
+    bezierVertex(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos2[0], pos2[1], pos3[0], pos3[1]);
+
+    pos1 = calc( 1f, 1f, fsize );
+    pos2 = calc( tailPC[0], tailPC[1], fsize );
+    pos3 = calc( tailP[0], tailP[1], fsize );
+    bezierVertex(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos2[0], pos2[1], pos3[0], pos3[1]);
+
+    pos1 = calc( tailPC[0], tailPC[1], fsize );
+    pos2 = calc( -1f, 1f, fsize );
+    pos3 = calc( -1f, 0f, fsize );
+    bezierVertex(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos2[0], pos2[1], pos3[0], pos3[1]);
+
+    pos1 = calc( -1f, -0.5f, fsize );
+    pos2 = calc( -0.5f, -1f, fsize );
+    pos3 = calc( 0f, -1f, fsize );
+    bezierVertex(pos1[0], pos1[1], pos2[0], pos2[1], pos3[0], pos3[1]);
+
+    endShape();
+  }
+
+
+  // Set tail's position
+  void setTail( float strength, float wave ) {
+    tailP[0] = strength*wave;
+    tailP[1] = tailLength+tailLength/2 - abs( tailLength/4*strength*wave );
+    tailPC[0] = strength*wave*-1;
+  }
+
+  // Translate a bezier ctrl point according to fish's angle and pos.
+  float[] calc( float px, float py, float s ) {
+    float a = atan2( py, px) + angle+ PI/2;
+    float r = sqrt( (px*px + py*py) );
+    float[] pos ={ 
+      x+r*s*cos(a), y+r*s*sin(a)     };
+    return pos;
+  }
+
+
+
+  // Wriggle
+  protected void wriggle() {
+
+    // Calc energy
+    if (energy > 1) {                           // if it has energy
+      wcount+=energy*2;                       // tail sine-wave movement
+    }
+
+    // Sine-wave oscillation
+    if (wcount>120) {
+      wcount = 0;
+      energy =0;
+    }
+
+    wave = sin( wcount*3*PI/180 ); //sine wave
+    float strength = energy/5 * tailLength/2; //tail strength
+
+    // Set tail position
+    setTail( strength, wave );
+    move();
+  }
+
+
+  ////////////////////////////////// /
+
+
+  // Find distance
+  float dist( float px, float py ) {
+    px -= x;
+    py -= y;
+    return sqrt( px*px + py*py );
+  }
+
+  float dist( Fish p ) {
+    float dx = p.x - x;
+    float dy = p.y - y;
+    return sqrt( dx*dx + dy*dy );
+  }
+
+  // Find angle
+  float angle( float px, float py ) {
+    return atan2( (py-y), (px-x) );
+  }
+
+  float angle( Fish p ) {
+    return atan2( (p.y-y), (p.x-x) );
+  }
+
+  // Move one step
+  void move() {
+    x = x+( cos(angle)*speed );
+    y = y+( sin(angle)*speed );
+  }
+
+  // Speed change
+  void speedChange( float inc ) {
+    speed += inc;
+    if (speed<minSpeed) { speed=minSpeed; }
+    if (speed>maxSpeed) { speed=maxSpeed; }
+  }
+
+  // Direction change
+  void angleChange( float inc ) {
+    angle += inc;
+  }
+
+  // Set speed limit
+  void setSpeedLimit( float max, float min ) {
+    maxSpeed = max;
+    minSpeed = min;
+  }
+
+  // Set angle
+  void setAngle( float a ) {
+    angle = a;
+  }
+
+  // Turn towards an angle
+  void turnTo( float ta, float inc ) {
+
+    if (angle < ta) {
+      angleChange( inc );
+    } 
+    else {
+      angleChange( inc*-1 );
+    }
+  }
+
+
+  // Set Color
+  void setColor( float c1, float c2, float c3 ) {
+    colour[0] = c1;
+    colour[1] = c2;
+    colour[2] = c3;
+  }
+
+
+  // Copy another fish's angle and pos
+  void copyFish( Fish f ) {
+    x = f.x;
+    y = f.y;
+    angle = f.angle;
+    speed = f.speed;
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////////////
+
+  // Check bounds and U-turn when near bounds
+  boolean checkBounds( float turn ) {
+
+    boolean inbound = false;
+
+    turn += boundTime/100;
+
+    // Calculate the "buffer area" and turning angle
+    float gap = speed * PI/2/turn;
+    if (gap > width/4) {
+      gap = width/4;
+      turn = (gap/speed)/PI/2;
+    }
+
+    // Which direction to u-turn?
+    if ( x-gap < 0 || x+gap > width || y-gap < 0 || y+gap > height) {
+
+      if (uturn == 0) {
+
+        float temp = angle;
+        if (temp < 0) temp += PI*2;
+
+        if ( temp >0 && temp<PI/2 ) {
+          uturn = 1;
+        } 
+        else if ( temp >PI/2 && temp<PI ) {
+          uturn = -1;
+        } 
+        else if ( temp>PI && temp<PI*3/2 ) {
+          uturn = 1;
+        } 
+        else if ( temp>PI*3/2 && temp<PI*2 ) {
+          uturn = -1;
+        } 
+        else {
+          uturn = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (y-gap < 0 || y+gap > height) uturn *=-1;
+      }
+
+      // Turn
+      angleChange( turn*uturn );
+
+      inbound = true;
+
+    } 
+    else { // when out, clear uturn
+      uturn = 0;
+      inbound = false;
+    }
+
+    x = (x<0) ? 0 : ( (x>width) ? width : x );
+    y = (y<0) ? 0 : ( (y>height) ? height : y );
+
+    isBound = inbound;
+    boundTime = (inbound) ? boundTime+1 : 0;
+
+    return inbound;
+
+  }
+
+
+  // Alignment -- move towards the same direction as the flock within sight
+  void align( Fish fp, float angleSpeed, float moveSpeed ) {
+
+    turnTo( fp.angle, angleSpeed+random(angleSpeed*3) ); // 0.001
+
+    if ( speed > fp.speed ) {
+      speedChange( moveSpeed*(-1-random(1)) ); //0.2
+    } 
+    else {
+      speedChange( moveSpeed );
+    }
+
+  }
+
+
+  // Cohesion -- move towards the center of the flock within sight
+  void cohere( Fish[] flocks, float angleSpeed, float moveSpeed  ) {
+
+    // get normalised position
+    float nx = 0;
+    float ny = 0;
+
+    for (int i=0; i<flocks.length; i++) {
+      nx += flocks[i].x;
+      ny += flocks[i].y;
+    }
+
+    nx /= flocks.length;
+    ny /= flocks.length;
+
+    turnTo( angle(nx, ny), angleSpeed+random(angleSpeed*2) ); //0.001
+    speedChange( moveSpeed ); //-0.1
+
+  }
+
+
+  // Seperation -- moves away from the flock when it's too crowded
+  void seperate( Fish[] flocks, float angleSpeed, float moveSpeed  ) {
+
+    // find normalised away angle
+    float nA = 0;
+
+    for (int i=0; i<flocks.length; i++) {
+      nA += (flocks[i].angle+PI);
+    }
+
+    nA /= flocks.length;
+    turnTo( nA, angleSpeed+random(angleSpeed*2) ); //0.001
+    speedChange( moveSpeed ); //0.05
+  }
+
+
+
+  // Collision aviodance -- moves away quickly when it's too close
+  void avoid( Fish[] flocks, float angleSpeed, float moveSpeed ) {
+
+    for (int i=0; i<flocks.length; i++) {
+      float dA = angle( flocks[i] ) + PI;
+
+      x = x + cos(dA)*moveSpeed/2;
+      y = y + sin(dA)*moveSpeed/2;
+
+      turnTo( dA, angleSpeed+random(angleSpeed) ); //0.005
+    }
+    speedChange( moveSpeed ); //0.1
+  }
+
+  // Flee from predator
+  void predator( float px, float py, float alertDistance, float angleSpeed, float moveSpeed ) {
+
+    float d = dist( px, py );
+    if ( d < alertDistance) {
+      float dA = angle(px, py) + PI;
+      x = x + cos(dA)*moveSpeed; //0.01
+      y = y + sin(dA)*moveSpeed;
+      turnTo( dA, angleSpeed+ random(angleSpeed) );
+      if (tone <50) tone+=5;
+    } 
+    else {
+      if (tone>0) tone-=2;
+    }
+
+    speedChange( moveSpeed );
+  }
+
+
+  // Attracts towards a point (ie, ripple)
+  void swarm( float px, float py, float d ) {
+    float dA = angle(px, py);
+
+    turnTo( dA, d );
+    if (isBound) {
+      turnTo( dA, d );
+    }
+  }
+
+  //////////////////////////// //
+
+  // Scan for the environment and determines behaviour
+  void scanFlock( Fish[] flocks, float cohereR, float avoidR ) {
+
+
+    Fish[] near = new Fish[NUM];
+    int nCount = 0;
+    Fish[] tooNear = new Fish[NUM];
+    int tnCount = 0;
+    Fish[] collide = new Fish[NUM];
+    int cCount = 0;
+    Fish nearest = null;
+    float dist = 99999;
+
+    float tempA = angle;
+
+    // Check boundaries
+    boolean inbound = (hasPredator>0) ? checkBounds(PI/16) : checkBounds( PI/24);
+
+
+    for (int i=0; i<flocks.length; i++) {
+
+      Fish fp = flocks[i];
+
+      // check nearby fishes
+      if (fp != this) {
+        float d = dist( fp );
+        if (d < cohereR ) {
+          near[nCount++] = fp;
+          if (dist > d ) {
+            dist = d;
+            nearest = fp;
+          }
+          if ( d <= avoidR ) {
+            tooNear[tnCount++] = fp;
+            if ( d <= avoidR/2 ) {
+              collide[cCount++] = fp;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Calc and make flocking behaviours
+      Fish[] near2 = new Fish[nCount];
+      Fish[] tooNear2 = new Fish[tnCount];
+      Fish[] collide2 = new Fish[cCount];
+
+      int j=0;
+      for (j=0; j<nCount; j++) {
+        near2[j] = near[j];
+      }
+      for (j=0; j<tnCount; j++) {
+        tooNear2[j] = tooNear[j];
+      }
+      for (j=0; j<cCount; j++) {
+        collide2[j] = collide[j];
+      }
+
+      if (!inbound && !hasRipple) {
+        if (nearest!=null) {
+          align( nearest, 0.1f*PI/180, 0.2f );
+        }
+        cohere( near2, 0.1f*PI/180, -0.1f );
+      }
+      seperate( tooNear2, (random(0.1f)+0.1f)*PI/180, 0.05f );
+      avoid( collide2, (random(0.2f)+0.2f)*PI/180, 0.1f );
+    }
+
+    float diffA = (angle - tempA)*5;
+    float c = diffA*180/(float)Math.PI;
+
+    // Wriggle tail
+    energy += abs( c/100 );
+    wriggle();
+
+  }
+
+
+  // Scan for food
+  void scanPrey( Fish[] flocks, float range ) {
+
+
+    Fish nearest = null;
+    float dist = 99999;
+
+    float tempA = angle;
+
+    // Look for nearby food
+    for (int i=0; i<flocks.length; i++) {   
+      float d = dist( flocks[i] );
+      if (dist > d ) {
+        dist = d;
+        nearest = flocks[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Move towards food
+    if (dist < range) {
+
+      if (dist > range/2) {
+        speedChange( 0.5f );
+      } 
+      else {
+        speedChange( -0.5f );
+      }
+
+      turnTo( angle( nearest ), 0.05f );
+
+      float diffA = (angle - tempA)*10;
+
+      float c = diffA*180/PI;
+
+      energy += abs( c/150 );
+    }
+
+    // Check boundaries
+    checkBounds( PI/16 );
+
+    // Wriggle tail
+    wriggle();
+
+  }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/Branch.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/Branch.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..35949164b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/Branch.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+
+class Branch {
+  int x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2, id;
+  String xyz1, xyz2;  // xyz1 = starting point; xyz2 = endingpoint
+  
+  Branch parent = null;
+  Branch[] children;
+  int childCounter = 0;
+  float len,angle;
+  
+  Branch(String _id, String _xyz1, String _xyz2) {
+    id = stringToInt(_id);
+    String[] tmpList = split(_xyz1,' ');
+    x1 = stringToInt(tmpList[0]);
+    y1 = stringToInt(tmpList[1]);
+    z1 = stringToInt(tmpList[2]);
+    tmpList = split(_xyz2,' ');
+    x2 = stringToInt(tmpList[0]);
+    y2 = stringToInt(tmpList[1]);
+    z2 = stringToInt(tmpList[2]);
+    xyz1 = _xyz1;
+    xyz2 = _xyz2;
+    children = new Branch[4];
+    calc2Dcoords();
+  }
+  
+  void calc2Dcoords() {
+    len = sqrt(sq(this.x2-this.x1)+sq(this.y2-this.y1));
+    angle = atan2(this.y2-this.y1,this.x2-this.x1);
+  }
+  
+  int stringToInt(String s) {
+    Integer tmp = new Integer(s);
+    return tmp.intValue();
+  }
+
+  boolean checkParent(Branch _b) {
+    if((x2==_b.x1) && (y2==_b.y1) && (z2==_b.z1)) {
+      children[this.childCounter++] = _b;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  void checkForParents() {
+    for(int i=0;i<b.length;i++) {
+      if(i!=id) {
+        if(b[i].checkParent(this)) parent = b[i];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  void printChildren() {
+    print("this->"+this.id+" ***   child(s) ->");
+    for(int i=0;i<children.length;i++) { 
+      if(children[i]!=null) {
+        print(" ,"+children[i].id);
+      }
+    }
+    if(parent!=null) {
+      print(" ***  parent->"+parent.id); 
+    } else {
+      print(" *** ROOT");
+    }
+    println("");
+  }
+  
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/Segment.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/Segment.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c60b7bc13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/Segment.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+
+class Segment {
+  
+  float x, y, z, len, angle;
+  float xAbsolute, yAbsolute, zAbsolute, angleAbsolute;
+  float originLength, futureLength;
+  
+  Segment parent = null;
+  Segment[] children = new Segment[4];
+  int childCounter = 0;
+  int id;
+  int depth;
+  Branch branch = null;
+  
+  Segment(int _id) { id = _id;}
+  
+  void addChild(Segment _c) {children[childCounter++] = _c;} // println("adding child ->"+_c.id+"  "+childCounter);
+  void setParent(Segment _p) {parent = _p;}
+  
+  void setXY(float _x,float _y) {x = _x; y = _y;}
+  void setX(float _x) {x = _x;}
+  void setY(float _y) {y = _y;}
+  void setZ(float _z) {z = _z;}
+  
+  void setAngle(float _a) {angle = _a;}
+  void setLength(float _len) {len = _len; originLength = _len; }
+  void setFutureToOrigin() {futureLength = originLength;}
+  void setFutureLength(float _len) {futureLength = _len;}
+   
+  void setXabsolute(float _xAbsolute) {xAbsolute = _xAbsolute;}
+  void setYabsolute(float _yAbsolute) {yAbsolute = _yAbsolute;}
+  void setZabsolute(float _zAbsolute) {zAbsolute = _zAbsolute;}
+  void setAngleAbsolute(float _angleAbsolute) {angleAbsolute = _angleAbsolute;}
+  
+  void scaleLength(float _scalar) {len *= _scalar;}
+  void scaleLengthFromOrigin(float _scalar) {len = originLength*_scalar;}
+  void scaleFutureLength(float _scalar) {futureLength *= _scalar;}
+  
+  float getX() {return x;}
+  float getY() {return y;}
+  float getZ() {return z;}
+  float getAngle() {return angle;}
+  float getLength() {return len;}
+  float getXabsolute() {return xAbsolute;}
+  float getYabsolute() {return yAbsolute;}
+  float getZabsolute() {return zAbsolute;}
+  float getAngleAbsolute() {return angleAbsolute;}
+  
+  void calcCoords() {
+    if(parent==null) {
+       angleAbsolute = angle;
+       setX(cos(radToPol(angle))*len);
+       setY(sin(radToPol(angle))*len);
+       setXabsolute(rootX+x); 
+       setYabsolute(rootY-y);
+    } else {
+      angleAbsolute += ((parent.getAngleAbsolute()+angle)-angleAbsolute)/20;
+      setX(cos(radToPol(angleAbsolute))*len);
+      setY(sin(radToPol(angleAbsolute))*len);
+      setXabsolute(parent.getXabsolute()+x);
+      setYabsolute(parent.getYabsolute()-y);
+    }
+  }
+  
+  float radToPol(float _deg) { return _deg/57.2958; }
+  float polToRad(float _pol) { return _pol*57.2958; }
+  
+  void render() {
+    calcCoords();
+    activateChildren();
+    
+    originLength += (futureLength-originLength)/100;
+    len = originLength;
+    
+    if(parent==null) {
+      drawAsLine(rootX,rootY,getXabsolute(), getYabsolute());
+    } else {
+      drawAsLine( parent.getXabsolute(),
+                       parent.getYabsolute(),
+                       getXabsolute(),
+                       getYabsolute()
+                     );
+    }
+  }
+  
+  void activateChildren() {
+    for(int i=0;i<4;i++) {
+      if(children[i]!=null) {
+        children[i].render();
+      }
+    }
+   }
+  
+  void setBranch(Branch _branch) {
+    branch = _branch;
+    try {
+      parent = s[branch.parent.id];
+       for(int i=0;i<4;i++) { 
+         if(branch.children[i]!=null) {
+           addChild(s[branch.children[i].id]); 
+         }
+      }
+    } catch (NullPointerException npe) {
+      for(int i=0; i<4; i++) { 
+        if(branch.children[i] != null) { 
+          addChild(s[branch.children[i].id]); 
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  void setParamsFromBranch() {
+    try {
+      int tmp  = branch.parent.id;
+      setParent(s[tmp]);
+      setAngle(polToRad(branch.angle));
+      setAngleAbsolute(polToRad(branch.angle));
+    } catch (NullPointerException npe){
+      setParent(null);
+      setAngle(polToRad(branch.angle));
+      setAngleAbsolute(polToRad(branch.angle));
+      println("NULLPOINTER");
+    }
+    setLength(branch.len);
+  }
+  
+  void adjustAngle(float _angle) {
+     for(int i=0;i<4;i++) { 
+       if(children[i]!=null) {
+         children[i].adjustAngle(angle);
+       }
+     }
+     angle -= _angle;
+  }
+  
+  void adjustDepth(int _depth) {
+    depth = _depth;
+    for(int i=0;i<4;i++) { 
+      if(children[i]!=null) { 
+        children[i].adjustDepth(depth-1);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  
+  void drawAsLine(float _x1, float _y1, float _x2, float _y2) {
+     strokeWeight(2);
+     if(id == redNum) {
+       stroke(255,0,0); 
+     } else {
+       stroke(0, 80);
+     }
+    line(_x1,_y1,_x2,_y2);
+  }
+  
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/_15_tree.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/_15_tree.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..63c691c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/_15_tree.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 4: Structure and Interface
+ * Swingtree by Andreas Schlegel (www.sojamo.de) at ART+COM (www.artcom.de)
+ * p. 498
+ *
+ * Loads a data file to create the connections of the tree elements.
+ * The size and motion is affected by the mouse.
+ */
+ 
+
+Branch[] b;
+Segment[] s;
+
+int rootX;
+int rootY;
+int rootId;
+int redNum = 139;
+
+float pX,pY;
+int frameCounter = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(400, 900);
+  rootX = width/2;
+  rootY = height;
+  parseTree();
+  for(int i=0; i<s.length; i++) {
+   s[i].setFutureToOrigin();
+   s[i].setLength(0);
+   s[i].scaleFutureLength(1.4);
+  }
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+
+  background(255);
+  s[rootId].render();
+  pX += (mouseX-pX)/10;
+  pY += (mouseY-pY)/10;
+  
+  float tmpSpeed = 8*(pX-width/2)/width;
+  s[rootId].setAngle(90 + sin(millis()*0.0006)*10*tmpSpeed);
+  s[redNum].setAngle(sin(millis()*0.0001)*10*tmpSpeed);
+  s[240].setAngle(sin(millis()*0.0001)*(30*tmpSpeed));
+  s[148].setAngle(sin(millis()*0.0001)*(20*tmpSpeed));
+  s[113].setAngle(sin(millis()*0.0004)*(20*tmpSpeed));
+  
+  float tmpHeight = (pY-height/2)/height;
+  for(int i=0;i<s.length;i++) {
+    s[i].scaleLengthFromOrigin(1-tmpHeight);
+  }
+}
+  
+void mousePressed() {
+  redNum++;
+  println(redNum%391);
+
+  // saveFrame("tree-####.tif");
+}
+
+void parseTree() {
+  String[] lines;
+  String[] params;
+  lines  = loadStrings("treeData.txt");
+  println("There are " + lines.length + " lines.");
+  b = new Branch[lines.length];
+  s = new Segment[lines.length];
+    
+  for (int i=0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    params = split(lines[i],'|');
+     b[i] = new Branch(params[0], params[1], params[2]);
+  }
+  
+  for(int i=0; i<b.length; i++) {
+    b[i].checkForParents();
+  }
+  for(int i=0; i<b.length; i++) {
+    s[i] = new Segment(i);
+  }
+  for(int i=0; i<b.length; i++) {
+    s[i].setBranch(b[i]);
+  }
+  
+  // get the ID of the root Segment
+  rootId = -1;
+  for(int i=0; i<b.length; i++) {
+    if(s[i].parent == null) {
+      rootId = i;
+    }
+  }
+  println("ROOT -> " + rootId);
+  
+  for(int i=0; i<b.length; i++) {
+    s[i].setParamsFromBranch();
+  }
+  
+  s[rootId].adjustAngle(0);
+  s[rootId].adjustDepth(1);
+  
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/data/treeData.txt b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/data/treeData.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..90b4501f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_15_tree/data/treeData.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+0|7 75 6|7 80 6
+1|8 89 -1|8 94 -1
+2|17 105 -2|17 110 -2
+3|18 127 0|18 132 0
+4|15 150 -8|15 155 -8
+5|5 57 9|7 75 6
+6|7 75 6|8 89 -1
+7|8 89 -1|17 105 -2
+8|17 105 -2|18 127 0
+9|18 127 0|15 150 -8
+10|15 150 -8|21 171 -23
+11|13 90 9|13 95 9
+12|12 105 10|12 110 10
+13|12 123 6|12 128 6
+14|18 143 8|18 148 8
+15|16 166 16|16 171 16
+16|13 71 9|13 90 9
+17|13 90 9|12 105 10
+18|12 105 10|12 123 6
+19|12 123 6|18 143 8
+20|18 143 8|16 166 16
+21|16 166 16|8 190 15
+22|18 107 16|18 112 16
+23|23 120 23|23 125 23
+24|22 139 25|22 144 25
+25|28 159 21|28 164 21
+26|14 89 14|18 107 16
+27|18 107 16|23 120 23
+28|23 120 23|22 139 25
+29|22 139 25|28 159 21
+30|28 159 21|44 178 25
+31|16 127 9|16 132 9
+32|26 140 6|26 145 6
+33|32 157 9|32 162 9
+34|33 178 8|33 183 8
+35|11 110 10|16 127 9
+36|16 127 9|26 140 6
+37|26 140 6|32 157 9
+38|32 157 9|33 178 8
+39|33 178 8|41 199 -3
+40|19 150 0|19 155 0
+41|19 164 -7|19 169 -7
+42|27 180 -10|27 185 -10
+43|30 201 -7|30 206 -7
+44|20 131 2|19 150 0
+45|19 150 0|19 164 -7
+46|19 164 -7|27 180 -10
+47|27 180 -10|30 201 -7
+48|30 201 -7|23 225 -10
+49|34 173 7|34 178 7
+50|33 188 11|33 193 11
+51|32 206 6|32 211 6
+52|33 154 6|34 173 7
+53|34 173 7|33 188 11
+54|33 188 11|32 206 6
+55|32 206 6|39 226 7
+56|38 201 13|38 206 13
+57|45 214 18|45 219 18
+58|46 232 22|46 237 22
+59|33 183 12|38 201 13
+60|38 201 13|45 214 18
+61|45 214 18|46 232 22
+62|46 232 22|50 252 18
+63|37 232 4|37 237 4
+64|45 244 -1|45 249 -1
+65|54 261 1|54 266 1
+66|33 214 6|37 232 4
+67|37 232 4|45 244 -1
+68|45 244 -1|54 261 1
+69|54 261 1|54 282 0
+70|44 266 0|44 271 0
+71|44 280 -4|44 285 -4
+72|45 247 1|44 266 0
+73|44 266 0|44 280 -4
+74|44 280 -4|48 297 -10
+75|0 28 9|5 57 9
+76|5 57 9|13 71 9
+77|13 71 9|14 89 14
+78|14 89 14|11 110 10
+79|11 110 10|20 131 2
+80|20 131 2|33 154 6
+81|33 154 6|33 183 12
+82|33 183 12|33 214 6
+83|33 214 6|45 247 1
+84|45 247 1|55 283 4
+85|-3 86 10|-3 91 10
+86|-12 100 9|-12 105 9
+87|-13 116 0|-13 121 0
+88|-13 138 0|-13 143 0
+89|0 68 12|-3 86 10
+90|-3 86 10|-12 100 9
+91|-12 100 9|-13 116 0
+92|-13 116 0|-13 138 0
+93|-13 138 0|-19 161 3
+94|0 101 5|0 106 5
+95|0 116 5|0 121 5
+96|-3 134 6|-3 139 6
+97|-2 154 0|-2 159 0
+98|0 82 5|0 101 5
+99|0 101 5|0 116 5
+100|0 116 5|-3 134 6
+101|-3 134 6|-2 154 0
+102|-2 154 0|6 177 0
+103|4 118 -2|4 123 -2
+104|10 131 -7|10 136 -7
+105|12 150 -7|12 155 -7
+106|3 100 1|4 118 -2
+107|4 118 -2|10 131 -7
+108|10 131 -7|12 150 -7
+109|12 150 -7|7 170 -13
+110|-1 138 1|-1 143 1
+111|-6 151 -8|-6 156 -8
+112|-3 168 -14|-3 173 -14
+113|0 121 5|-1 138 1
+114|-1 138 1|-6 151 -8
+115|-6 151 -8|-3 168 -14
+116|-3 168 -14|-4 189 -15
+117|-12 161 -1|-12 166 -1
+118|-19 175 -1|-19 180 -1
+119|-23 191 -8|-23 196 -8
+120|-9 142 -1|-12 161 -1
+121|-12 161 -1|-19 175 -1
+122|-19 175 -1|-23 191 -8
+123|-23 191 -8|-20 212 -11
+124|-6 184 -16|-6 189 -16
+125|-2 199 -15|-2 204 -15
+126|-7 165 -15|-6 184 -16
+127|-6 184 -16|-2 199 -15
+128|-2 199 -15|-7 217 -14
+129|0 212 -20|0 217 -20
+130|4 225 -29|4 230 -29
+131|0 194 -15|0 212 -20
+132|0 212 -20|4 225 -29
+133|4 225 -29|8 243 -30
+134|-9 243 -19|-9 248 -19
+135|-16 255 -27|-16 260 -27
+136|-7 225 -15|-9 243 -19
+137|-9 243 -19|-16 255 -27
+138|-16 255 -27|-14 272 -35
+139|0 39 16|0 68 12
+140|0 68 12|0 82 5
+141|0 82 5|3 100 1
+142|3 100 1|0 121 6
+143|0 121 6|-9 142 -1
+144|-9 142 -1|-7 165 -15
+145|-7 165 -15|0 194 -15
+146|0 194 -15|-7 225 -15
+147|-7 225 -15|-13 258 -26
+148|-9 102 25|-9 107 25
+149|-10 116 34|-10 121 34
+150|-18 132 37|-18 137 37
+151|-20 154 35|-20 159 35
+152|-8 84 22|-9 102 25
+153|-9 102 25|-10 116 34
+154|-10 116 34|-18 132 37
+155|-18 132 37|-20 154 35
+156|-20 154 35|-15 177 42
+157|-15 117 24|-15 122 24
+158|-14 132 23|-14 137 23
+159|-13 150 27|-13 155 27
+160|-20 170 26|-20 175 26
+161|-15 98 24|-15 117 24
+162|-15 117 24|-14 132 23
+163|-14 132 23|-13 150 27
+164|-13 150 27|-20 170 26
+165|-20 170 26|-20 193 18
+166|-22 134 18|-22 139 18
+167|-28 147 12|-28 152 12
+168|-28 166 10|-28 171 10
+169|-18 116 19|-22 134 18
+170|-22 134 18|-28 147 12
+171|-28 147 12|-28 166 10
+172|-28 166 10|-34 186 15
+173|-19 154 23|-19 159 23
+174|-28 167 28|-28 172 28
+175|-35 184 26|-35 189 26
+176|-14 137 21|-19 154 23
+177|-19 154 23|-28 167 28
+178|-28 167 28|-35 184 26
+179|-35 184 26|-35 205 28
+180|-21 177 35|-21 182 35
+181|-20 191 42|-20 196 42
+182|-26 207 47|-26 212 47
+183|-21 158 32|-21 177 35
+184|-21 177 35|-20 191 42
+185|-20 191 42|-26 207 47
+186|-26 207 47|-30 228 44
+187|-36 200 30|-36 205 30
+188|-35 215 26|-35 220 26
+189|-35 181 31|-36 200 30
+190|-36 200 30|-35 215 26
+191|-35 215 26|-34 233 31
+192|-41 228 24|-41 233 24
+193|-49 241 21|-49 246 21
+194|-36 210 24|-41 228 24
+195|-41 228 24|-49 241 21
+196|-49 241 21|-51 259 17
+197|-39 259 34|-39 264 34
+198|-46 271 41|-46 276 41
+199|-35 241 31|-39 259 34
+200|-39 259 34|-46 271 41
+201|-46 271 41|-54 288 40
+202|-3 55 21|-8 84 22
+203|-8 84 22|-15 98 24
+204|-15 98 24|-18 116 19
+205|-18 116 19|-14 137 21
+206|-14 137 21|-21 158 32
+207|-21 158 32|-35 181 31
+208|-35 181 31|-36 210 24
+209|-36 210 24|-35 241 31
+210|-35 241 31|-45 274 39
+211|4 120 28|4 125 28
+212|13 134 28|13 139 28
+213|17 150 36|17 155 36
+214|1 102 27|4 120 28
+215|4 120 28|13 134 28
+216|13 134 28|17 150 36
+217|17 150 36|15 172 37
+218|3 135 34|3 140 34
+219|2 150 33|2 155 33
+220|6 168 32|6 173 32
+221|3 116 34|3 135 34
+222|3 135 34|2 150 33
+223|2 150 33|6 168 32
+224|6 168 32|6 188 39
+225|-1 152 42|-1 157 42
+226|-5 165 49|-5 170 49
+227|0 134 38|-1 152 42
+228|-1 152 42|-5 165 49
+229|-5 165 49|-8 184 49
+230|3 172 38|3 177 38
+231|9 185 46|9 190 46
+232|0 155 33|3 172 38
+233|3 172 38|9 185 46
+234|9 185 46|8 202 53
+235|15 195 39|15 200 39
+236|21 209 37|21 214 37
+237|12 176 39|15 195 39
+238|15 195 39|21 209 37
+239|21 209 37|27 225 42
+240|11 218 54|11 223 54
+241|12 199 53|11 218 54
+242|11 218 54|8 233 54
+243|6 246 59|6 251 59
+244|6 228 54|6 246 59
+245|6 246 59|4 259 68
+246|0 73 23|1 102 27
+247|1 102 27|3 116 34
+248|3 116 34|0 134 38
+249|0 134 38|0 155 33
+250|0 155 33|12 176 39
+251|12 176 39|12 199 53
+252|12 199 53|6 228 54
+253|6 228 54|12 259 53
+254|9 139 25|9 144 25
+255|8 153 17|8 158 17
+256|15 169 12|15 174 12
+257|8 121 29|9 139 25
+258|9 139 25|8 153 17
+259|8 153 17|15 169 12
+260|15 169 12|17 191 14
+261|14 154 27|14 159 27
+262|13 169 28|13 174 28
+263|12 187 25|12 192 25
+264|14 135 27|14 154 27
+265|14 154 27|13 169 28
+266|13 169 28|12 187 25
+267|12 187 25|18 207 24
+268|22 171 32|22 176 32
+269|29 184 36|29 189 36
+270|18 153 32|22 171 32
+271|22 171 32|29 184 36
+272|29 184 36|30 203 38
+273|18 191 27|18 196 27
+274|26 204 20|26 209 20
+275|14 174 30|18 191 27
+276|18 191 27|26 204 20
+277|26 204 20|33 221 20
+278|18 214 15|18 219 15
+279|15 228 9|15 233 9
+280|18 195 18|18 214 15
+281|18 214 15|15 228 9
+282|15 228 9|20 244 2
+283|33 237 16|33 242 16
+284|32 218 15|33 237 16
+285|33 237 16|33 252 19
+286|40 265 22|40 270 22
+287|35 247 22|40 265 22
+288|40 265 22|49 278 22
+289|3 92 32|8 121 29
+290|8 121 29|14 135 27
+291|14 135 27|18 153 32
+292|18 153 32|14 174 30
+293|14 174 30|18 195 18
+294|18 195 18|32 218 15
+295|32 218 15|35 247 22
+296|35 247 22|32 278 15
+297|-6 161 40|-6 166 40
+298|-14 175 41|-14 180 41
+299|-2 143 40|-6 161 40
+300|-6 161 40|-14 175 41
+301|-14 175 41|-19 191 35
+302|-5 176 33|-5 181 33
+303|-4 191 34|-4 196 34
+304|-5 157 33|-5 176 33
+305|-5 176 33|-4 191 34
+306|-4 191 34|-7 209 36
+307|-1 193 25|-1 198 25
+308|-1 175 29|-1 193 25
+309|-1 193 25|1 206 16
+310|-7 213 30|-7 218 30
+311|-3 196 34|-7 213 30
+312|-7 213 30|-14 226 23
+313|-18 236 30|-18 241 30
+314|-15 217 30|-18 236 30
+315|-18 236 30|-24 250 34
+316|-18 240 17|-17 259 16
+317|0 114 43|-2 143 40
+318|-2 143 40|-5 157 33
+319|-5 157 33|-1 175 29
+320|-1 175 29|-3 196 34
+321|-3 196 34|-15 217 30
+322|-15 217 30|-18 240 17
+323|-18 240 17|-12 269 14
+324|-5 190 61|-5 195 61
+325|-3 204 69|-3 209 69
+326|-5 172 57|-5 190 61
+327|-5 190 61|-3 204 69
+328|-3 204 69|-8 220 75
+329|-11 205 60|-11 210 60
+330|-11 220 58|-11 225 58
+331|-11 186 60|-11 205 60
+332|-11 205 60|-11 220 58
+333|-11 220 58|-8 238 62
+334|-20 222 57|-20 227 57
+335|-16 204 57|-20 222 57
+336|-20 222 57|-28 235 55
+337|-14 242 62|-14 247 62
+338|-11 225 58|-14 242 62
+339|-14 242 62|-20 255 70
+340|-12 265 72|-12 270 72
+341|-13 246 70|-12 265 72
+342|-12 265 72|-8 279 78
+343|-26 269 75|-28 288 75
+344|-1 143 53|-5 172 57
+345|-5 172 57|-11 186 60
+346|-11 186 60|-16 204 57
+347|-16 204 57|-11 225 59
+348|-11 225 59|-13 246 70
+349|-13 246 70|-26 269 75
+350|-26 269 75|-30 298 69
+351|8 223 67|8 228 67
+352|4 205 67|8 223 67
+353|8 223 67|15 237 63
+354|8 238 72|8 243 72
+355|8 219 72|8 238 72
+356|8 238 72|6 253 72
+357|5 237 77|5 255 81
+358|6 258 72|11 275 75
+359|18 279 73|20 298 72
+360|0 176 63|4 205 67
+361|4 205 67|8 219 72
+362|8 219 72|5 237 77
+363|5 237 77|6 258 72
+364|6 258 72|18 279 73
+365|18 279 73|25 302 85
+366|3 262 69|3 267 69
+367|3 244 73|3 262 69
+368|3 262 69|-1 276 63
+369|8 277 68|8 282 68
+370|8 258 68|8 277 68
+371|8 277 68|8 292 70
+372|13 276 70|17 294 69
+373|8 297 70|10 314 65
+374|8 318 58|7 337 56
+375|0 215 77|3 244 73
+376|3 244 73|8 258 68
+377|8 258 68|13 276 70
+378|13 276 70|8 297 70
+379|8 297 70|8 318 58
+380|8 318 58|19 341 50
+381|0 0 0|0 28 9
+382|0 28 9|0 39 16
+383|0 39 16|-3 55 21
+384|-3 55 21|0 73 23
+385|0 73 23|3 92 32
+386|3 92 32|0 114 43
+387|0 114 43|-1 143 53
+388|-1 143 53|0 176 63
+389|0 176 63|0 215 77
+390|0 215 77|0 259 93
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Button.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Button.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ad231a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Button.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+class Button extends Control {
+  boolean selected = false;
+  boolean down = false;
+  Button(int x, int y, int w, int h, String label) {
+    super(x,y,w,h,label);
+  }
+
+  boolean mousePressed() {
+    if (super.mousePressed() && !selected)
+    down = true;
+    return down;
+  }
+
+  boolean mouseReleased() {
+    down = false;
+    if (super.mouseIn()) {
+      selected = !selected;
+      return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  void drawContents() {
+    if (selected||down) {
+      if (!selected&&(over^down))
+      fill(0xDD,0xDD,0xDD);
+      else
+      fill(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+      noStroke();
+      rect(x+1,y+1,w-1,h-1);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Control.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Control.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0e288eae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Control.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+class Control {
+  int x,y,w,h;
+  boolean over = false;
+  String label;
+
+  Control(int x, int y, int w, int h, String label) {
+    this.x = x;
+    this.y = y;
+    this.w = w;
+    this.h = h;
+    this.label = label;
+  }
+
+  boolean mouseIn() {
+    return over = mouseX>x&&mouseX<x+w&&mouseY>y&&mouseY<y+h;
+  }
+
+  boolean mousePressed() {
+    return mouseIn();
+  }
+
+  void mouseDragged() {
+    mouseIn();
+  }
+
+  boolean mouseReleased() {
+    return mouseIn();
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    stroke(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+    if (over)
+    fill(0xDD,0xDD,0xDD);
+    else
+    fill(0xFF,0xFF,0xFF);
+    rect(x,y,w,h);
+    drawContents();
+    stroke(0);
+    fill(0);
+    text(label, x+2, (y+h)-3);
+  }
+
+  void drawContents() {
+
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Mass.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Mass.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..94333d57f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Mass.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+
+class Mass {
+  static final float diamter = 5;
+  static final float radius = 1+diamter/2;
+
+  float x,y,xv,yv;
+
+  Mass(int x, int y) {
+    this.x = x;
+    this.y = y;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    yv += g.value;
+
+    double speed = sqrt(xv*xv+yv*yv);
+    double fs = 1-f.value;
+    if (speed>speedFrictionThreshold)
+    fs *= speedFrictionThreshold/speed;
+    xv *= fs;
+    yv *= fs;
+
+    x += xv;
+    y += yv;
+
+    if (x<radius) {
+      x -= x-radius;
+      xv = -xv;
+    } else if (x>width-radius) {
+      x -= x-(width-radius);
+      xv = -xv;
+    }
+    if (y<sliderHeight+radius) {
+      y -= y-(sliderHeight+radius);
+      yv = -yv;
+    } else if (y>height-radius) {
+      y -= y-(height-radius);
+      yv = -yv;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void clamp() {
+    if (x<radius) {
+      x = radius;
+    } else if (x>width-radius) {
+      x = width-radius;
+    }
+    if (y<sliderHeight+radius) {
+      y = sliderHeight+radius;
+    } else if (y>height-radius) {
+      y = height-radius;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (this == overMass) {
+      stroke(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+      line(x,y,mouseX,mouseY);
+      noStroke();
+      fill(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+    }
+    else {
+      noStroke();
+      fill(0);
+    }
+    ellipse(x,y,diamter,diamter);
+  }
+
+  float distanceTo(Mass m) {
+    return distanceTo(m.x,m.y);
+  }
+
+  float distanceTo(float x,float y) {
+    float dx = this.x-x;
+    float dy = this.y-y;
+    return sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Slider.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Slider.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4eaaedf5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Slider.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+class Slider extends Control {
+  float min,max,value;
+  int labelW = 8;
+
+  Slider(int x, int y, int w, int h, float min, float max, float value,String label) {
+    super(x,y,w,h,label);
+    this.min = min;
+    this.max = max;
+    this.value = value;
+  }
+
+  void mouseDragged() {
+    setValueToMouse();
+  }
+
+  boolean mousePressed() {
+    boolean down;
+    if (down = super.mousePressed())
+    setValueToMouse();
+    return down;
+  }
+
+  void setValueToMouse() {
+    int mw = (w-labelW)-1;
+    float mv = (mouseX-(x+labelW+1.0))/mw;
+    if (mv>0)
+    value = min+(mv*mv)*(max-min);
+    else
+    value = min;
+    value = min(value,max);
+  }
+
+  void drawContents() {
+    fill(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+    noStroke();
+    int mw = (w-labelW)-1;
+    float vw = sqrt((value-min)/(max-min))*mw;
+    rect(x+labelW+1,y+1,vw,h-1);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    super.display();
+    stroke(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+    line(x+labelW,y,x+labelW,y+h);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Spring.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Spring.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77ffe949d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/Spring.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+
+class Spring {
+  Mass a,b;
+  float restLength;
+
+  Spring(Mass a,Mass b) {
+    this.a = a;
+    this.b = b;
+    restLength = a.distanceTo(b);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (this == overSpring) {
+      stroke(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+      float vx = b.x-a.x;
+      float vy = b.y-a.y;
+      float dot =  (vx*vx + vy*vy);
+      float rx = mouseX-a.x;
+      float ry = mouseY-a.y;
+      float dot2 =  (vx*rx + vy*ry);
+      float value =  dot2/dot;
+      value = min(value,1);
+      value = max(value,0);
+      float x = ((b.x*value)+(a.x*(1-value)));
+      float y = ((b.y*value)+(a.y*(1-value)));
+      line(x,y,mouseX,mouseY);
+    }
+    else {
+      stroke(0);
+    }
+    line(a.x,a.y,b.x,b.y);
+  }
+
+  void applyForces() {
+    double d = a.distanceTo(b);
+    if (d>0)
+    {
+      double f = (d-restLength)*k.value;
+      double fH = (f/d)*(a.x-b.x);
+      double fV = (f/d)*(a.y-b.y);
+      a.xv -= fH;
+      a.yv -= fV;
+      b.xv += fH;
+      b.yv += fV;
+    }
+  }
+
+  float distanceTo(float x,float y) {
+    if (x>(min(a.x,b.x)-mouseTolerance)
+    &&x<(max(a.x,b.x)+mouseTolerance)
+    &&y>(min(a.y,b.y)-mouseTolerance)
+    &&y<(max(a.y,b.y)+mouseTolerance))
+    {
+      float vx = b.x-a.x;
+      float vy = b.y-a.y;
+      float dot =  (vx*vx + vy*vy);
+      float rx = x-a.x;
+      float ry = y-a.y;
+      float dot2 =  (vx*rx + vy*ry);
+      float value =  dot2/dot;
+
+      if (value<0) {
+        float d = a.distanceTo(x,y);
+        return d <= mouseTolerance?d:-1;
+      } else if (value>1) {
+        float d = b.distanceTo(x,y);
+        return d <= mouseTolerance?d:-1;
+      }
+
+      float px = ((b.x*value)+(a.x*(1-value)))-x;
+      float py = ((b.y*value)+(a.y*(1-value)))-y;
+
+      float d = sqrt(px*px+py*py);
+
+      return d <= mouseTolerance?d:-1;
+    }
+    else
+    return  -1;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/_16_sodaprocessing.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/_16_sodaprocessing.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29e93cee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Synthesis/_16_sodaprocessing/_16_sodaprocessing.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+/**
+ * Synthesis 4: Structure and Interface
+ * SodaProcessing by Ed Burton (www.soda.co.k)
+ * p. 499
+ * 
+ * A simplified version of the Soda Constructor to demonstrate how it works.
+ * The complete Soda Constructor may be visited at http://www.sodaplay.com.
+ */
+
+Mass masses[];
+int massCount = 0;
+
+float mouseTolerance = 15;
+
+Mass dragMass = null;
+float dragDx,dragDy;
+float tempDistance;
+
+Mass drawMass = null;
+Mass overMass;
+
+Spring springs[];
+int springCount = 0;
+Spring overSpring;
+
+Control controls[];
+Control activeControl = null;
+
+Button make,move,delete;
+Slider g,f,k;
+int sliderHeight = 13;
+
+float speedFrictionThreshold = 20;
+
+PFont font;
+
+int mode;
+static final int MAKE = 0;
+static final int MOVE = 1;
+static final int DELETE = 2;
+
+String toolTips[];
+
+void setup()
+{
+  size(600, 600);
+  background(0xFF);
+
+  masses = new Mass[8];
+  springs = new Spring[8];
+
+  font  =  loadFont("RotisSanSer-Bold.vlw.gz");
+  textFont(font, 15);
+  //hint(SMOOTH_IMAGES);
+  smooth();
+  controls = new Control[6];
+  int x = 0;
+  int i = 0;
+  int controlWidth = width/(controls.length)+1;
+  controls[i++] = make = new Button(0,0,controlWidth-1,sliderHeight,"make");
+  controls[i++] = move = new Button(controls[i-2].x+controls[i-2].w,0,controlWidth-1,sliderHeight,"move");
+  controls[i++] = delete = new Button(controls[i-2].x+controls[i-2].w,0,controlWidth-1,sliderHeight,"delete");
+  controls[i++] = g = new Slider(controls[i-2].x+controls[i-2].w,0,controlWidth,sliderHeight,0,4,0.0,"g");
+  controls[i++] = f = new Slider(controls[i-2].x+controls[i-2].w,0,controlWidth,sliderHeight,0,1,0.1,"f");
+  controls[i++] = k = new Slider(controls[i-2].x+controls[i-2].w,0,controlWidth,sliderHeight,0,0.75,0.5,"k");
+  make.selected = true;
+  checkMode();
+
+  toolTips = new String [] {
+    ": click to make masses and springs"
+    ,": click, drag and throw masses"
+    ,": click to delete masses and springs"
+    ,"  =  gravity (hint, set to zero to before choosing to make)"
+    ,"  =  friction"
+  ,"  =  spring stiffness"};
+}
+
+void draw()
+{
+  doUpdate();
+  display();
+}
+
+void checkMode() {
+  for (int i = 0;i<controls.length;i++)
+  if (controls[i] instanceof Button && ((Button)controls[i]).selected)
+  mode = i;
+  if (mode != MAKE)
+  drawMass = null;
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  // saveFrame(); 
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() {
+  for (int i = 0;i<controls.length;i++)
+  controls[i].mouseIn();
+
+  tempDistance = -1;
+  Mass m = null;
+  if (mode == MOVE || mode == MAKE || mode == DELETE)
+  m = mouseMass();
+  float md = tempDistance;
+  tempDistance = -1;
+  Spring s = null;
+  if (mode == DELETE)
+  s = mouseSpring();
+  float sd = tempDistance;
+  if (m != null && md != -1 && (md <= sd || sd == -1) && md < mouseTolerance) {
+    overMass = m;
+    overSpring = null;
+  } else if (s != null && sd != -1 && (sd<md || md == -1) && sd<mouseTolerance) {
+    overSpring = s;
+    overMass = null;
+  } else {
+    overMass = null;
+    overSpring = null;
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  if (activeControl != null)
+  activeControl.mouseDragged();
+  else
+  if (dragMass != null) {
+    dragMass.x = mouseX+dragDx;
+    dragMass.y = mouseY+dragDy;
+    dragMass.xv = mouseX-pmouseX;
+    dragMass.yv = mouseY-pmouseY;
+    dragMass.clamp();
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  if (activeControl != null) {
+    if (activeControl.mouseReleased() && activeControl instanceof Button) {
+      for (int i = 0;i<controls.length;i++)
+      if (controls[i] != activeControl && controls[i] instanceof Button)
+      ((Button)controls[i]).selected = false;
+      checkMode();
+    }
+    activeControl = null;
+  }
+  if (dragMass != null) {
+    if (overMass == dragMass)
+    overMass = null;
+    dragMass = null;
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  activeControl = null;
+  for (int i = 0;i<controls.length && activeControl == null;i++)
+  if ( controls[i].mousePressed() && !(controls[i] instanceof Button && ((Button)controls[i]).selected))
+  activeControl = controls[i];
+  if (activeControl == null) {
+    switch(mode) {
+      case MAKE:
+      Mass m = mouseMass();
+      if (m != null && tempDistance<mouseTolerance) {
+        if (drawMass != null) {
+          if (drawMass != m) {
+            boolean springExists = false;
+            for (int i = 0;i<springCount&&!springExists;i++)
+            springExists  =  ((springs[i].a == drawMass && springs[i].b == m)||(springs[i].b == drawMass && springs[i].a == m));
+            if (!springExists)
+            addSpring(new Spring(drawMass,m));
+          }
+          drawMass = null;
+        } else {
+          drawMass = m;
+        }
+      } else {
+        Mass newMass;
+        addMass(newMass = new Mass(mouseX,mouseY));
+        if (drawMass != null)
+        addSpring(new Spring(drawMass,newMass));
+        drawMass = newMass;
+      }
+      break;
+      case MOVE:
+      m = mouseMass();
+      if (m != null && tempDistance<mouseTolerance) {
+        overMass = dragMass = m;
+        dragDx = m.x-mouseX;
+        dragDy = m.y-mouseY;
+      } else
+      overMass = dragMass = null;
+      break;
+      case DELETE:
+      if (overMass != null) {
+        for (int i = 0;i<springCount;i++)
+        if (springs[i].a == overMass || springs[i].b == overMass)
+        deleteSpring(springs[i--]);
+        deleteMass(overMass);
+        if (overMass == dragMass)
+        dragMass = null;
+        overMass = null;
+      } else if (overSpring != null) {
+        deleteSpring(overSpring);
+        overSpring = null;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+Mass mouseMass() {
+  tempDistance = -1;
+  Mass m = null;
+  for (int i = 0;i<massCount;i++) {
+    float d = masses[i].distanceTo(mouseX,mouseY);
+    if (d != -1 && (d<tempDistance || tempDistance == -1)) {
+      tempDistance = d;
+      m = masses[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return m;
+}
+
+Spring mouseSpring() {
+  tempDistance = -1;
+  Spring s = null;
+  for (int i = 0;i<springCount;i++) {
+    float d = springs[i].distanceTo(mouseX,mouseY);
+    if (d != -1 && (d<tempDistance || tempDistance == -1)) {
+      tempDistance = d;
+      s = springs[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return s;
+}
+
+void doUpdate() {
+  for (int i = 0;i<springCount;i++)
+  springs[i].applyForces();
+  for (int i = 0;i<massCount;i++)
+  if (masses[i] != dragMass)
+  masses[i].update();
+}
+
+void display() {
+  stroke(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+  fill(0xFF,0xFF,0xFF);
+  rect(0,0,width-1,height-1);
+
+  for (int i = 0;i<springCount;i++)
+  springs[i].display();
+
+  if (drawMass != null) {
+    stroke(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+    line(drawMass.x,drawMass.y,mouseX,mouseY);
+  }
+
+  for (int i = 0;i<massCount;i++)
+  masses[i].display();
+
+  for (int i = 0;i<controls.length;i++) {
+   controls[i].display();
+  }
+  fill(0x00,0x99,0xFF);
+  for (int i = 0;i<controls.length;i++)
+  if (controls[i].over)
+  text(controls[i].label+toolTips[i], 2, sliderHeight*3-3);
+}
+
+// list handling for masses
+
+void addMass(Mass mass) {
+  if (massCount  ==  masses.length) {
+    Mass temp[]  =  new Mass[massCount*2];
+    System.arraycopy(masses, 0, temp, 0, massCount);
+    masses  =  temp;
+  }
+  masses[massCount++]  =  mass;
+}
+
+void deleteMass(Mass mass) {
+  int index = massIndex(mass);
+  if (index >= 0)
+  deleteMassIndex(index);
+}
+
+void deleteMassIndex(int index) {
+  if (index<massCount)
+  System.arraycopy(masses, index+1, masses, index, massCount-index);
+  massCount--;
+}
+
+int massIndex(Mass mass) {
+  for (int i = 0;i<massCount;i++)
+  if (masses[i] == mass)
+  return i;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// list handling for springs
+
+void addSpring(Spring spring) {
+  if (springCount  ==  springs.length) {
+    Spring temp[]  =  new Spring[springCount*2];
+    System.arraycopy(springs, 0, temp, 0, springCount);
+    springs  =  temp;
+  }
+  springs[springCount++]  =  spring;
+}
+
+void deleteSpring(Spring spring) {
+  int index = springIndex(spring);
+  if (index >= 0)
+  deleteSpringIndex(index);
+}
+
+void deleteSpringIndex(int index) {
+  if (index<springCount)
+  System.arraycopy(springs, index+1, springs, index, springCount-index);
+  springCount--;
+}
+
+int springIndex(Spring spring) {
+  for (int i = 0;i<springCount;i++)
+  if (springs[i] == spring)
+  return i;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// end of list handling
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b690bd96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+line(10, 80, 30, 40);  // Left line
+line(20, 80, 40, 40);
+line(30, 80, 50, 40);  // Middle line
+line(40, 80, 60, 40);
+line(50, 80, 70, 40);  // Right line
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab54a9cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+background(0); // Sets the black background
+stroke(255); // Sets line value to white
+strokeWeight(5); // Sets line width to 5 pixels
+smooth(); // Makes the lines draw with smooth edges
+line(10, 80, 30, 40); // Left line
+line(20, 80, 40, 40);
+line(30, 80, 50, 40); // Middle line
+line(40, 80, 60, 40);
+line(50, 80, 70, 40); // Right line
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4fa32e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int x = 5; // Sets the horizontal position of the lines
+int y = 60; // Sets the vertical position of the lines
+line(x, y, x+20, y-40); // Draws line from [5,60] to [25,20]
+line(x+10, y, x+30, y-40); // Draws line from [15,60] to [35,20]
+line(x+20, y, x+40, y-40); // Draws line from [25,60] to [45,20]
+line(x+30, y, x+50, y-40); // Draws line from [35,60] to [55,20]
+line(x+40, y, x+60, y-40); // Draws line from [45,60] to [65,20]
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ef5fa969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+int x = 0; // Sets the horizontal position of the lines
+int y = 55; // Sets the vertical position of the lines
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100); // Sets the window size to 100 x 100 pixels
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(x, y, x+20, y-40); // Left line
+  line(x+10, y, x+30, y-40); // Middle line
+  line(x+20, y, x+40, y-40); // Right line
+  x = x + 1; // Add 1 to x
+  if (x > 100) { // If x is greater than 100
+    x = -40; // Assign -40 to x
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0dc1ffce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  // Assigns the horizontal value of the cursor to x
+  float x = mouseX;
+  // Assigns the vertical value of the cursor to y
+  float y = mouseY;
+  line(x, y, x+20, y-40);
+  line(x+10, y, x+30, y-40);
+  line(x+20, y, x+40, y-40);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1d6623ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  diagonals(40, 90);
+  diagonals(60, 62);
+  diagonals(20, 40);
+}
+
+void diagonals(int x, int y) {
+  line(x, y, x+20, y-40);
+  line(x+10, y, x+30, y-40);
+  line(x+20, y, x+40, y-40);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e2ee9ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+int num = 20;
+int[] dx = new int[num]; // Declare and create an array
+int[] dy = new int[num]; // Declare and create an array
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  for (int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+    dx[i] = i*5;
+    dy[i] = 12 + (i*6);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  for (int i=0; i<num; i++) {
+    dx[i] = dx[i] + 1;
+    if (dx[i] > 100) { 
+      dx[i] = -100; 
+    }
+    diagonals(dx[i], dy[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+void diagonals(int x, int y) {
+  line(x, y, x+20, y-40);
+  line(x+10, y, x+30, y-40);
+  line(x+20, y, x+40, y-40);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4df9de71b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/00 Using Processing/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+Diagonals da, db;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  // Inputs: x, y, speed, thick, gray
+  da = new Diagonals(0, 80, 1, 2, 0);
+  db = new Diagonals(0, 55, 2, 6, 255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  da.update();
+  db.update();
+}
+
+class Diagonals {
+  int x, y, speed, thick, gray;
+
+  Diagonals(int xpos, int ypos, int s, int t, int g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    speed = s;
+    thick = t;
+    gray = g;
+  }
+  void update() {
+    strokeWeight(thick);
+    stroke(gray);
+    line(x, y, x+20, y-40);
+    line(x+10, y, x+30, y-40);
+    line(x+20, y, x+40, y-40);
+    x = x + speed;
+    if (x > 100) {
+      x = -100;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95baefd49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Two forward slashes are used to denote a comment.
+// All text on the same line is a part of the comment.
+// There must be no spaces between the slashes. For example,
+// the code "/ /" is not a comment and will cause an error
+// If you want to have a comment that is many
+// lines long, you may prefer to use the syntax for a
+// multiline comment
+
+/* 
+  A forward slash followed by an asterisk allows the 
+  comment to continue until the opposite 
+*/ 
+ 
+// All letters and symbols that are not comments are translated 
+// by the compiler. Because the following lines are not comments, 
+// they are run and draw a display window of 200 x 200 pixels 
+size(200, 200); 
+background(102);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..96380a327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// The size function has two parameters. The first sets the width   
+// of the display window and the second sets the height 
+size(200, 200); 
+ 
+// This version of the background function has one parameter.  
+// It sets the gray value for the background of the display window  
+// in the range of 0 (black) to 255 (white) 
+background(102);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fd281381b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+size(200, 200); // Runs the size() function
+int x; // Declares a new variable x
+x = 102; // Assigns the value 102 to the variable x
+background(x); // Runs the background() function
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59791b825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(200, 200);
+Background(102);  // ERROR! The B in "background" is capitalized
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..061c8de5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(200, 200);
+background(102);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b28dbf6a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+size
+(   200,
+  200)           ;
+background   (        102)
+           ;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..802b49bf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/01 Structure 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// To print text to the screen, place the desired output in quotes
+println("Processing..."); // Prints "Processing..." to the console
+
+// To print the value of a variable, rather than its name, don't put
+// the name of the variable in quotes.
+int x = 20;
+println(x); // Prints "20" to the console
+
+// While println() moves to the next line after the text
+// is output, print() does not.
+print("10");
+println("20"); // Prints "1020" to the console
+println("30"); // Prints "30" to the console
+
+// The "+" operator can be used for combining multiple text
+// elements into one line.
+int x2 = 20;
+int y2 = 80;
+println(x2 + " : " + y2); // Prints "20 : 80" to the message window
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5156eb781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Draw the display window 120 pixels wide
+// and 200 pixels high
+size(120, 200);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3022a4fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Draw the display window 320 pixels wide
+// and 240 pixels high
+size(320, 240);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..95db6395e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Draw the display window 200 pixels wide
+// and 120 pixels high
+size(200, 120);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6fa1fcbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Points with the same X and Y parameters
+// form a diagonal line from the
+// upper-left corner to the lower-right corner
+point(20, 20);
+point(30, 30);
+point(40, 40);
+point(50, 50);
+point(60, 60);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..436a2f573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Points with the same Y parameter have the
+// same distance from the top and bottom
+// edges of the frame
+point(50, 30);
+point(55, 30);
+point(60, 30);
+point(65, 30);
+point(70, 30);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..976e508e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Points with the same X parameter have the
+// same distance from the left and right
+// edge of the frame
+point(70, 50);
+point(70, 55);
+point(70, 60);
+point(70, 65);
+point(70, 70);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f54a56f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Placing a group of points next to one
+// another creates a line
+point(50, 50);
+point(50, 51);
+point(50, 52);
+point(50, 53);
+point(50, 54);
+point(50, 55);
+point(50, 56);
+point(50, 57);
+point(50, 58);
+point(50, 59);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a734e6b9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Setting points outside the display
+// area will not cause an error,
+// but the points won't be visible
+point(-500, 100);
+point(400, -600);
+point(140, 2500);
+point(2500, 100);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a3fd4cf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// When the y-coordinates for a line are the
+// same, the line is horizontal
+line(10, 30, 90, 30);
+line(10, 40, 90, 40);
+line(10, 50, 90, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46419eb9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// When the x-coordinates for a line are the
+// same, the line is vertical
+line(40, 10, 40, 90);
+line(50, 10, 50, 90);
+line(60, 10, 60, 90);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b884549a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// When all four parameters are different,
+// the lines are diagonal
+line(25, 90, 80, 60);
+line(50, 12, 42, 90);
+line(45, 30, 18, 36);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b40abf11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// When two lines share the same point they connect
+line(15, 20, 5, 80);
+line(90, 65, 5, 80);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3ae8f1e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+triangle(60, 10, 25, 60, 75, 65); // Filled triangle
+line(60, 30, 25, 80); // Outlined triangle edge
+line(25, 80, 75, 85); // Outlined triangle edge
+line(75, 85, 60, 30); // Outlined triangle edge
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02f6b57e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+triangle(55, 9, 110, 100, 85, 100);
+triangle(55, 9, 85, 100, 75, 100);
+triangle(-1, 46, 16, 34, -7, 100);
+triangle(16, 34, -7, 100, 40, 100);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0e1b88969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+quad(38, 31, 86, 20, 69, 63, 30, 76);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..670399eee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+quad(20, 20, 20, 70, 60, 90, 60, 40);
+quad(20, 20, 70, -20, 110, 0, 60, 40);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4053738e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+rect(15, 15, 40, 40); // Large square
+rect(55, 55, 25, 25); // Small square
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b528ab03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+rect(0, 0, 90, 50);
+rect(5, 50, 75, 4);
+rect(24, 54, 6, 6);
+rect(64, 54, 6, 6);
+rect(20, 60, 75, 10);
+rect(10, 70, 80, 2);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1778c4c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ellipse(40, 40, 60, 60); // Large circle
+ellipse(75, 75, 32, 32); // Small circle
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c86e00271
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ellipse(35, 0, 120, 120);
+ellipse(38, 62, 6, 6);
+ellipse(40, 100, 70, 70);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_21/_21.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_21/_21.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be92b8d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_21/_21.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+bezier(32, 20, 80, 5, 80, 75, 30, 75);
+// Draw the control points
+line(32, 20, 80, 5);
+ellipse(80, 5, 4, 4);
+line(80, 75, 30, 75);
+ellipse(80, 75, 4, 4);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_22/_22.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_22/_22.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0cef70aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_22/_22.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+bezier(85, 20, 40, 10, 60, 90, 15, 80);
+// Draw the control points
+line(85, 20, 40, 10);
+ellipse(40, 10, 4, 4);
+line(60, 90, 15, 80);
+ellipse(60, 90, 4, 4);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_23/_23.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_23/_23.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..52fa4d21c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_23/_23.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+rect(15, 15, 50, 50); // Bottom
+ellipse(60, 60, 55, 55); // Top
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_24/_24.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_24/_24.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f3e7a90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_24/_24.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ellipse(60, 60, 55, 55); // Bottom
+rect(15, 15, 50, 50); // Top
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_25/_25.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_25/_25.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7ebef58c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_25/_25.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+background(0);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_26/_26.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_26/_26.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e48c9887a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_26/_26.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+background(124);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_27/_27.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_27/_27.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..34d4c0da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_27/_27.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+background(230);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_28/_28.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_28/_28.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1feed8ca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_28/_28.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+rect(10, 10, 50, 50);
+fill(204); // Light gray
+rect(20, 20, 50, 50);
+fill(153); // Middle gray
+rect(30, 30, 50, 50);
+fill(102); // Dark gray
+rect(40, 40, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_29/_29.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_29/_29.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..36a0de381
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_29/_29.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+background(0);
+rect(10, 10, 50, 50);
+stroke(102); // Dark gray
+rect(20, 20, 50, 50);
+stroke(153); // Middle gray
+rect(30, 30, 50, 50);
+stroke(204); // Light gray
+rect(40, 40, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_30/_30.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_30/_30.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..66989a9e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_30/_30.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+fill(255); // White
+rect(10, 10, 50, 50);
+rect(20, 20, 50, 50);
+rect(30, 30, 50, 50);
+fill(0); // Black
+rect(40, 40, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_31/_31.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_31/_31.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a386aaa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_31/_31.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+background(0);
+fill(255, 220);
+rect(15, 15, 50, 50);
+rect(35, 35, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_32/_32.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_32/_32.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cecfa7513
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_32/_32.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+fill(0);
+rect(0, 40, 100, 20);
+fill(255, 51); // Low opacity
+rect(0, 20, 33, 60);
+fill(255, 127); // Medium opacity
+rect(33, 20, 33, 60);
+fill(255, 204); // High opacity
+rect(66, 20, 33, 60);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_33/_33.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_33/_33.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..24cc6d6e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_33/_33.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+rect(10, 10, 50, 50);
+noFill(); // Disable the fill
+rect(20, 20, 50, 50);
+rect(30, 30, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_34/_34.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_34/_34.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7f85b70f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_34/_34.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+rect(20, 15, 20, 70);
+noStroke(); // Disable the stroke
+rect(50, 15, 20, 70);
+rect(80, 15, 20, 70);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_35/_35.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_35/_35.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c37670bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_35/_35.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ellipse(30, 48, 36, 36);
+smooth();
+ellipse(70, 48, 36, 36);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_36/_36.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_36/_36.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..736a97f35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_36/_36.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+smooth();
+ellipse(30, 48, 36, 36);
+noSmooth();
+ellipse(70, 48, 36, 36);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_37/_37.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_37/_37.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7a1293551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_37/_37.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+smooth();
+line(20, 20, 80, 20); // Default line weight of 1
+strokeWeight(6);
+line(20, 40, 80, 40); // Thicker line
+strokeWeight(18);
+line(20, 70, 80, 70); // Beastly line
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_38/_38.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_38/_38.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2d9c0876b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_38/_38.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(12);
+strokeCap(ROUND);
+line(20, 30, 80, 30); // Top line
+strokeCap(SQUARE);
+line(20, 50, 80, 50); // Middle line
+strokeCap(PROJECT);
+line(20, 70, 80, 70); // Bottom line
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_39/_39.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_39/_39.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e504a13a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_39/_39.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(12);
+strokeJoin(BEVEL);
+rect(12, 33, 15, 33); // Left shape
+strokeJoin(MITER);
+rect(42, 33, 15, 33); // Middle shape
+strokeJoin(ROUND);
+rect(72, 33, 15, 33); // Right shape
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_40/_40.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_40/_40.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2444927e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_40/_40.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+fill(126);
+ellipse(33, 33, 60, 60); // Gray ellipse
+fill(255);
+ellipseMode(CORNER);
+ellipse(33, 33, 60, 60); // White ellipse
+fill(0);
+ellipseMode(CORNERS);
+ellipse(33, 33, 60, 60); // Black ellipse
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_41/_41.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_41/_41.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..45e26b32e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/02 Shape 1/_41/_41.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+noStroke();
+rectMode(CORNER);
+fill(126);
+rect(40, 40, 60, 60); // Gray ellipse
+rectMode(CENTER);
+fill(255);
+rect(40, 40, 60, 60); // White ellipse
+rectMode(CORNERS);
+fill(0);
+rect(40, 40, 60, 60); // Black ellipse
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..89594ff23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int x; // Declare the variable x of type int
+float y; // Declare the variable y of type float
+boolean b; // Declare the variable b of type boolean
+x = 50; // Assign the value 50 to x
+y = 12.6; // Assign the value 12.6 to f
+b = true; // Assign the value true to b
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b00dc26eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int x = 50;
+float y = 12.6;
+boolean b = true;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1f8fc600b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+float x, y, z;
+x = -3.9;
+y = 10.1;
+z = 124.23;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99266daf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int x = 69; // Assign 69 to x
+x = 70; // Assign 70 to x
+int x = 71; // ERROR! The data type for x is duplicated
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..713822fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Error! The left side of an assignment must be a variable
+5 = 12;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..06c4a4f37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Error! It's not possible to fit a floating point number into an int
+int x = 24.8;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae7c113a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float f = 12.5;
+// Error! It's not possible to fit a floating point number into an int
+int y = f;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..905e9f715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+println(width + ", " + height); // Prints 100, 100 to the console
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d609463d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(300, 400);
+println(width + ", " + height); // Prints 300, 400 to the console
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..560cb6fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+size(1280, 1024);
+println(width + ", " + height); // Prints 1280, 1024 to the console
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cfb9681c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/03 Data 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+size(100, 100);
+ellipse(width*0.5, height*0.5, width*0.66, height*0.66);
+line(width*0.5, 0, width*0.5, height);
+line(0, height*0.5, width, height*0.5);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..686245d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int grayVal = 153;
+fill(grayVal);
+rect(10, 10, 55, 55); // Draw gray rectangle
+grayVal = grayVal + 102; // Assign 255 to grayVal
+fill(grayVal);
+rect(35, 30, 55, 55); // Draw white triangle
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c72317580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+int a = 30;
+line(a, 0, a, height);
+a = a + 40; // Assign 70 to a
+strokeWeight(4);
+line(a, 0, a, height);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..59aabc84c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int a = 30;
+int b = 40;
+line(a, 0, a, height);
+line(b, 0, b, height);
+strokeWeight(4);
+// The result of a calculation can be used as input to a function
+line(b-a, 0, b-a, height);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eda7bca7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int a = 8;
+int b = 10;
+line(a, 0, a, height);
+line(b, 0, b, height);
+strokeWeight(4);
+line(a*b, 0, a*b, height);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7436baf8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int a = 8;
+int b = 10;
+line(a, 0, a, height);
+line(b, 0, b, height);
+strokeWeight(4);
+line(a/b, 0, a/b, height);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e7006a90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+int y = 20;
+line(0, y, width, y);
+y = y + 6; // Assign 26 to y
+line(0, y, width, y);
+y = y + 6; // Assign 32 to y
+line(0, y, width, y);
+y = y + 6; // Assign 38 to y
+line(0, y, width, y);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab521185e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+float y = 20;
+line(0, y, width, y);
+y = y * 1.6; // Assign 32 to y
+line(0, y, width, y);
+y = y * 1.6; // Assign 51.2 to y
+line(0, y, width, y);
+y = y * 1.6; // Assign 81.920006 to y
+line(0, y, width, y);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3b824bb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+println(4/3); // Prints "1"
+println(4.0/3); // Prints "1.3333334"
+println(4/3.0); // Prints "1.3333334"
+println(4.0/3.0); // Prints "1.3333334"
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..605673c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int a = 4/3; // Assign 1 to a
+int b = 3/4; // Assign 0 to b
+int c = 4.0/3; // ERROR!
+int d = 4.0/3.0; // ERROR!
+float e = 4.0/3; // Assign 1.3333334 to e
+float f = 4.0/3.0; // Assign 1.3333334 to f
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..591ba1406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+float a = 4/3; // Assign 1.0 to a
+float b = 3/4; // Assign 0.0 to b
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d18af8dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int i = 4;
+float f = 3.0;
+int a = i/f; // ERROR! Assigning a float value to an int variable
+float b = i/f; // Assign 1.3333334 to b
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbbefddb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+int a = 0;
+int b = 12/a; // ERROR! ArithmeticException: / by zero
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..447cb965f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+float a = 0.0001;
+float b = 12/a; // Assign 120000.0 to b
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..832d87edf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+int x = 3 + 4 * 5; // Assign 23 to x
+int y = (3 + 4) * 5; // Assign 35 to y
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f6e891a30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+int x = 10 * 20 + 5; // Assign 205 to x
+int y = (10 * 20) + 5; // Assign 205 to y
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..43b78c19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+int x = 1;
+println(x); // Prints "1" to the console
+x++; // Equivalent to x = x + 1
+println(x); // Prints "2" to the console
+
+int y = 1;
+println(y); // Prints "1" to the console
+y--; // Equivalent to y = y - 1
+println(y); // Prints "0" to the console
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..caff0cc8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int x = 1;
+println(x++); // Prints "1" to the console
+println(x); // Prints "2" to the console
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..89b1981a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int x = 1;
+println(++x); // Prints "2" to the console
+println(x); // Prints "2" to the console
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..daf8a63fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+int x = 1;
+println(x); // Prints "1" to the console
+x += 5; // Equivalent to x = x + 5
+println(x); // Prints "6" to the console
+
+int y = 1;
+println(y); // Prints "1" to the console
+y -= 5; // Equivalent to y = y - 5
+println(y); // Prints "-4" to the console
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b7a9db96c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+int x = 4;
+println(x); // Prints "4" to the console
+x *= 2; // Equivalent to x = x * 2
+println(x); // Prints "8" to the console
+
+int y = 4;
+println(y); // Prints "4" to the console
+y /= 2; // Equivalent to y = y / 2
+println(y); // Prints "2" to the console
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_21/_21.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_21/_21.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27e0d2f4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_21/_21.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int x = 5; // Assigns 5 to x
+x = -x; // Equivalent to x = x * -1
+println(x); // Prints "-5"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_22/_22.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_22/_22.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..40eb07cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_22/_22.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int w = ceil(2.0); // Assign 2 to w
+int x = ceil(2.1); // Assign 3 to x
+int y = ceil(2.5); // Assign 3 to y
+int z = ceil(2.9); // Assign 3 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_23/_23.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_23/_23.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b98ad531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_23/_23.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int w = floor(2.0); // Assign 2 to w
+int x = floor(2.1); // Assign 2 to x
+int y = floor(2.5); // Assign 2 to y
+int z = floor(2.9); // Assign 2 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_24/_24.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_24/_24.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5fcba8f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_24/_24.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int w = round(2.0); // Assign 2 to w
+int x = round(2.1); // Assign 2 to x
+int y = round(2.5); // Assign 3 to y
+int z = round(2.9); // Assign 3 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_25/_25.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_25/_25.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c03e6bce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_25/_25.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+float w = round(2.1); // Assign 2.0 to w
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_26/_26.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_26/_26.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b095d326
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/04 Math 1/_26/_26.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int u = min(5, 9); // Assign 5 to u
+int v = min(-4, -12, -9); // Assign -12 to v
+float w = min(12.3, 230.24); // Assign 12.3 to w
+int x = max(5, 9); // Assign 9 to x
+int y = max(-4, -12, -9); // Assign -4 to y
+float z = max(12.3, 230.24); // Assign 230.24 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d95a460e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+println(3 > 5); // Prints "false"
+println(5 > 3); // Prints "true"
+println(5 > 5); // Prints "false"
+
+println(3 < 5); // Prints "true"
+println(5 < 3); // Prints "false"
+println(5 < 5); // Prints "false"
+
+println(3 >= 5); // Prints "false"
+println(5 >= 3); // Prints "true"
+println(5 >= 5); // Prints "true"
+
+println(3 <= 5); // Prints "true"
+println(5 <= 3); // Prints "false"
+println(5 <= 5); // Prints "true"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..af88e9c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+println(3 == 5); // Prints "false"
+println(5 == 3); // Prints "false"
+println(5 == 5); // Prints "true"
+
+println(3 != 5); // Prints "true"
+println(5 != 3); // Prints "true"
+println(5 != 5); // Prints "false"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2fc67ae01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// The text expressions are "x > 100" and "x < 100"
+// Because x is 150, the code inside the first block
+// runs and the ellipse draws, but the code in the second
+// block is not run and the rectangle is not drawn
+int x = 150;
+if (x > 100) { // If x is greater than 100,
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36); // draw this ellipse
+}
+if (x < 100) { // If x is less than 100
+  rect(35, 35, 30, 30); // draw this rectangle
+}
+line(20, 20, 80, 80);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3627ed1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Because x is 50, only the rectangle draws
+int x = 50;
+if (x > 100) {              // If x is greater than 100,
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);  // draw this ellipse
+}
+if (x < 100) {              // If x is less than 100,
+  rect(33, 33, 34, 34);     // draw this rectangle
+}
+line(20, 20, 80, 80);       
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0de5a65e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Because x is 100, only the line draws
+int x = 100;
+if (x > 100) {              // If x is greater than 100,
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);  // draw this ellipse
+}
+if (x < 100) {              // If x is less than 100,
+  rect(33, 33, 34, 34);     // draw this rectangle
+}
+line(20, 20, 80, 80);
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7dcfdda6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//  Because x is 90, only the rectangle draws
+int x = 90;
+if (x > 100) {              // If x is greater than 100,
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);  // draw this ellipse.
+} else {                    // Otherwise,
+  rect(33, 33, 34, 34);     // draw this rectangle
+}
+line(20, 20, 80, 80);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84d03bf1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Because x is 190, only the ellipse draws
+int x = 290;
+if (x > 100) {              // If x is greater than 100,
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);  // draw this ellipse.
+} else {                    // Otherwise,
+  rect(33, 33, 34, 34);     // draw this rectangle
+}
+line(20, 20, 80, 80);
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3ec4acba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// If x is greater than 100 and less than 300, draw the
+// ellipse. If x is greater than or equal to 300, draw
+// the line. If x is not greater than 100, draw the
+// rectangle. Because x is 420, only the line draws.
+int x = 420;
+if (x > 100) { // First test to draw ellipse or line
+  if (x < 300) { // Second test determines which to draw
+   ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);
+  } else {
+   line(50, 0, 50, 100);
+  }
+} else {
+   rect(33, 33, 34, 34);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e470009b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+// If x is less than or equal to 100, then draw
+// the rectangle. Otherwise, if x is greater than
+// or equal to 300, draw the line. If x is between
+// 100 and 300, draw the ellipse. Because x is 101,
+// only the ellipse draws.
+int x = 101;
+if (x <= 100) {
+  rect(33, 33, 34, 34);
+} else if (x >= 300) {
+  line(50, 0, 50, 100);
+} else {
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6954152b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+int a = 10;
+int b = 20;
+// The expression "a > 5" must be true OR "b < 30"
+// must be true. Because they are both true, the code
+// in the block will run.
+if ((a > 5) || (b < 30)) {
+  line(20, 50, 80, 50);
+}
+// The expression "a > 15" is false, but "b < 30"
+// is true. Because the OR operator requires only one part
+// to be true in the entire expression, the code in the
+// block will run.
+if ((a > 15) || (b < 30)) {
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cce0901ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+int a = 10;
+int b = 20;
+// The expression "a > 5" must be true AND "b < 30"
+// must be true. Because they are both true, the code
+// in the block will run.
+if ((a > 5) && (b < 30)) {
+  line(20, 50, 80, 50);
+}
+// The expression "a > 15" is false, but "b < 30" is
+// true. Because the AND operator requires both to be
+// true, the code in the block will not run.
+if ((a > 15) && (b < 30)) {
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e46a25927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+boolean b = true; // Assign true to b
+println(b); // Prints "true"
+println(!b); // Prints "false"
+b = !b; // Assign false to b
+println(b); // Prints "false"
+println(!b); // Prints "true"
+println(5 > 3); // Prints "true"
+println(!(5 > 3)); // Prints "false"
+int x = 5;
+println(!x); // ERROR! It's only possible to ! a boolean variable
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..48edc1f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/05 Control 1/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Because b is true, the line draws
+boolean b = true;
+if (b == true) { // If b is true,
+  line(20, 50, 80, 50); // draw the line
+}
+if (!b == true) { // If b is false,
+  ellipse(50, 50, 36, 36); // draw the ellipse
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..977a31635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// The init is "int i = 20", the test is "i < 80",
+// and the update is "i += 5". Notice the semicolon
+// terminating the first two elements
+for (int i = 20; i < 80; i += 5) {
+  // This line will continue to run until "i"
+  // is greater than or equal to 80
+  line(20, i, 80, i+15);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6e2bc070a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+for (int x=-16; x<100; x+=10) {
+  line(x, 0, x+15, 50);
+}
+strokeWeight(4);
+for (int x=-8; x<100; x+=10) {
+  line(x, 50, x+15, 100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b1c885c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+noFill();
+for (int d = 150; d > 0; d -= 10) {
+  ellipse(50, 50, d, d);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..715f172ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for (int i=0; i<100; i+=2) {
+  stroke(255-i);
+  line(i, 0, i, 200);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5862b727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for (int y=10; y<100; y+=10) {
+  point(10, y);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c615a3f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for (int x = 10; x < 100; x += 10) {
+  point(x, 10);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a9b7dc19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+for (int y = 10; y < 100; y += 10) {
+  for (int x = 10; x < 100; x += 10) {
+    point(x, y);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..911131456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+fill(0, 76);
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+for (int y = -10; y <= 100; y += 10) {
+  for (int x = -10; x <= 100; x += 10) {
+    ellipse(x + y/8.0, y + x/8.0, 15 + x/2, 10);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d434817f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+noStroke();
+for (int y=0; y<100; y+=10) {
+  for (int x=0; x<100; x+=10) {
+    fill((x+y) * 1.4);
+    rect(x, y, 10, 10);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e9a2069d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+for (int y=1; y<100; y+=10) {
+  for (int x=1; x<y; x+=10) {
+    line(x, y, x+6, y+6);
+    line(x+6, y, x, y+6);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bcae17c91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int x = 50;
+
+if (x > 100) {
+  line(20, 20, 80, 80);
+} else {
+  line(80, 20, 20, 80);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..093d77cc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int x = 50;
+
+if (x > 100)
+{
+  line(20, 20, 80, 80);
+}
+else
+{
+  line(20, 80, 80, 20);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a715a41c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/06 Control 2/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+int x = 50;
+
+if (x > 100) {
+line(20, 20, 80, 80);
+} else {
+line(80, 20, 20, 80);
+}
+
+for (int i=0; i<100; i+=2) {
+line(20, i, 80, i);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7a59bb3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(30, 20);
+vertex(85, 20);
+vertex(85, 75);
+vertex(30, 75);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f9e656c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(30, 20);
+vertex(85, 20);
+vertex(85, 75);
+vertex(30, 75);
+endShape(CLOSE);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa638ff28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(30, 20);
+vertex(85, 20);
+vertex(30, 75);
+vertex(85, 75);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..535d46c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+fill(0);
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+beginShape();
+vertex(10, 0);
+vertex(100, 30);
+vertex(90, 70);
+vertex(100, 70);
+vertex(10, 90);
+vertex(50, 40);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3f5cd6c1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+noFill();
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(20);
+beginShape();
+vertex(52, 29);
+vertex(74, 35);
+vertex(60, 52);
+vertex(61, 75);
+vertex(40, 69);
+vertex(19, 75);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55cf3542f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+noStroke();
+fill(0);
+beginShape();
+vertex(40, 10);
+for (int i = 20; i <= 100; i += 5) {
+  vertex(20, i);
+  vertex(30, i);
+}
+vertex(40, 100);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cd29d6421
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Draws a point at each vertex
+beginShape(POINTS);
+vertex(30, 20);
+vertex(85, 20);
+vertex(85, 75);
+vertex(30, 75);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69f8f1a41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Draws a line between each pair of vertices
+beginShape(LINES);
+vertex(30, 20);
+vertex(85, 20);
+vertex(85, 75);
+vertex(30, 75);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05d590723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Connects each grouping of three vertices as a triangle
+beginShape(TRIANGLES);
+vertex(75, 30);
+vertex(10, 20);
+vertex(75, 50);
+vertex(20, 60);
+vertex(90, 70);
+vertex(35, 85);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f60ff566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Starting with the third vertex, connects each
+// subsequent vertex to the previous two
+beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+vertex(75, 30);
+vertex(10, 20);
+vertex(75, 50);
+vertex(20, 60);
+vertex(90, 70);
+vertex(35, 85);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2714ae29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+beginShape(TRIANGLE_FAN);
+vertex(10, 20);
+vertex(75, 30);
+vertex(75, 50);
+vertex(90, 70);
+vertex(10, 20);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f5d979e3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+beginShape(QUADS);
+vertex(30, 25);
+vertex(85, 30);
+vertex(85, 50);
+vertex(30, 45);
+vertex(30, 60);
+vertex(85, 65);
+vertex(85, 85);
+vertex(30, 80);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..deafeb3b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+beginShape(QUAD_STRIP);
+vertex(30, 25);
+vertex(85, 30);
+vertex(30, 45);
+vertex(85, 50);
+vertex(30, 60);
+vertex(85, 65);
+vertex(30, 80);
+vertex(85, 85);
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8033658e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+smooth();
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+curveVertex(20, 80); // C1 (see p.76)
+curveVertex(20, 40); // V1
+curveVertex(30, 30); // V2
+curveVertex(40, 80); // V3
+curveVertex(80, 80); // C2
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..788a9bb75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(32, 20); // V1 (see p.76)
+bezierVertex(80, 5, 80, 75, 30, 75); // C1, C2, V2
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..caebf4d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+smooth();
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(15, 30); // V1 (see p.76)
+bezierVertex(20, -5, 70, 5, 40, 35); // C1, C2, V2
+bezierVertex(5, 70, 45, 105, 70, 70); // C3, C4, V3
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..caebf4d86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+smooth();
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(15, 30); // V1 (see p.76)
+bezierVertex(20, -5, 70, 5, 40, 35); // C1, C2, V2
+bezierVertex(5, 70, 45, 105, 70, 70); // C3, C4, V3
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..179527d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/07 Shape 2/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+smooth();
+noFill();
+beginShape();
+vertex(15, 40); // V1 (see p.76)
+bezierVertex(5, 0, 80, 0, 50, 55); // C1, C2, V2
+vertex(30, 45); // V3
+vertex(25, 75); // V4
+bezierVertex(50, 70, 75, 90, 80, 70); // C3, C4, V5
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c5fc7d6fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float a = sq(1); // Assign 1 to a: Equivalent to 1 * 1
+float b = sq(-5); // Assign 25 to b: Equivalent to -5 * -5
+float c = sq(9); // Assign 81 to c: Equivalent to 9 * 9
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d55bd3631
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float a = sqrt(6561); // Assign 81 to a
+float b = sqrt(625); // Assign 25 to b
+float c = sqrt(1); // Assign 1 to c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c1c3cff0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+float a = pow(1, 3); // Assign 1.0 to a: Equivalent to 1*1*1
+float b = pow(3, 4); // Assign 81.0 to b: Equivalent to 3*3*3*3
+float c = pow(3, -2); // Assign 0.11 to c: Equivalent to 1 / 3*3
+float d = pow(-3, 3); // Assign -27.0 to d: Equivalent to -3*-3*-3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6a11fa3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float a = pow(8, 0); // Assign 1 to a
+float b = pow(3, 1); // Assign 3 to b
+float c = pow(4, 1); // Assign 4 to c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d042c510
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float x = norm(0.0, 0.0, 255.0); // Assign 0.0 to x
+float y = norm(102.0, 0.0, 255.0); // Assign 0.4 to y
+float z = norm(255.0, 0.0, 255.0); // Assign 1.0 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe309ed57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float x = lerp(-20.0, 60.0, 0.0); // Assign -20.0 to x
+float y = lerp(-20.0, 60.0, 0.5); // Assign 20.0 to y
+float z = lerp(-20.0, 60.0, 1.0); // Assign 60.0 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bbd1f1d92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float x = map(20.0, 0.0, 255.0, -1.0, 1.0); // Assign -0.84 to x
+float y = map(0.0, 0.0, 255.0, -1.0, 1.0); // Assign -1.0 to y
+float z = map(255.0, 0.0, 255.0, -1.0, 1.0); // Assign 1.0 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c0b7d668e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++) {
+  float n = norm(x, 0.0, 100.0); // Range 0.0 to 1.0
+  float y = pow(n, 4); // Calculate curve
+  y *= 100; // Range 0.0 to 100.0
+  point(x, y);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f0f9e967d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++) {
+  float n = norm(x, 0.0, 100.0); // Range 0.0 to 1.0
+  float y = pow(n, 0.4); // Calculate curve
+  y *= 100; // Range 0.0 to 100.0
+  point(x, y);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f2e56c5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Draw circles at points along the curve y = x^4
+noFill();
+smooth();
+for (int x = 0; x < 100; x += 5) {
+  float n = norm(x, 0.0, 100.0); // Range 0.0 to 1.0
+  float y = pow(n, 4); // Calculate curve
+  y *= 100; // Scale y to range 0.0 to 100.0
+  strokeWeight(n * 5); // Increase thickness
+  ellipse(x, y, 120, 120);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de5275bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Draw a line from the top of the display window to
+// points on a curve y = x^4 from x in range -1.0 to 1.0
+for (int x = 5; x < 100; x += 5) {
+  float n = map(x, 5, 95, -1, 1);
+  float p = pow(n, 4);
+  float ypos = lerp(20, 80, p);
+  line(x, 0, x, ypos);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..de5275bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/08 Math 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Draw a line from the top of the display window to
+// points on a curve y = x^4 from x in range -1.0 to 1.0
+for (int x = 5; x < 100; x += 5) {
+  float n = map(x, 5, 95, -1, 1);
+  float p = pow(n, 4);
+  float ypos = lerp(20, 80, p);
+  line(x, 0, x, ypos);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92971b4d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+background(242, 204, 47);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..01994bba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+background(174, 221, 60);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a117663ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+background(129, 130, 87);
+noStroke();
+fill(174, 221, 60);
+rect(17, 17, 66, 66);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e0fba09ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+background(129, 130, 87);
+noFill();
+strokeWeight(4);
+stroke(174, 221, 60);
+rect(19, 19, 62, 62);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e105c7947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+background(116, 193, 206);
+noStroke();
+fill(129, 130, 87, 102); // More transparent
+rect(20, 20, 30, 60);
+fill(129, 130, 87, 204); // Less transparent
+rect(50, 20, 30, 60);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d62471109
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+background(116, 193, 206);
+int x = 0;
+noStroke();
+for (int i = 51; i <= 255; i += 51) {
+  fill(129, 130, 87, i);
+  rect(x, 20, 20, 60);
+  x += 20;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e789774c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+background(56, 90, 94);
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(12);
+stroke(242, 204, 47, 102); // More transparency
+line(30, 20, 50, 80);
+stroke(242, 204, 47, 204); // Less transparency
+line(50, 20, 70, 80);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5a058e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+background(56, 90, 94);
+smooth();
+int x = 0;
+strokeWeight(12);
+for (int i = 51; i <= 255; i += 51) {
+  stroke(242, 204, 47, i);
+  line(x, 20, x+20, 80);
+  x += 20;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc730d6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+background(0);
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+fill(242, 204, 47, 160); // Yellow
+ellipse(47, 36, 64, 64);
+fill(174, 221, 60, 160); // Green
+ellipse(90, 47, 64, 64);
+fill(116, 193, 206, 160); // Blue
+ellipse(57, 79, 64, 64);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1ee13d798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+background(255);
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+fill(242, 204, 47, 160); // Yellow
+ellipse(47, 36, 64, 64);
+fill(174, 221, 60, 160); // Green
+ellipse(90, 47, 64, 64);
+fill(116, 193, 206, 160); // Blue
+ellipse(57, 79, 64, 64);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73f49eb06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+color c1 = color(51); // Creates gray
+color c2 = color(51, 204); // Creates gray with transparency
+color c3 = color(51, 102, 153); // Creates blue
+color c4 = color(51, 102, 153, 51); // Creates blue with transparency
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..545a9b9dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+color ruby = color(211, 24, 24, 160);
+color pink = color(237, 159, 176);
+background(pink);
+noStroke();
+fill(ruby);
+rect(35, 0, 20, 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..93c72f1ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+// Set the range for the red, green, and blue values from 0.0 to 1.0
+colorMode(RGB, 1.0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a07807a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Set the range for the hue to values from 0 to 360 and the
+// saturation and brightness to values between 0 and 100
+colorMode(HSB, 360, 100, 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ddcb65c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Change the hue, saturation and brightness constant
+colorMode(HSB);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  stroke(i*2.5, 255, 255);
+  line(i, 0, i, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b56d2993
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Change the saturation, hue and brightness constant
+colorMode(HSB);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  stroke(132, i*2.5, 204);
+  line(i, 0, i, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f4dd60b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Change the brightness, hue and saturation constant
+colorMode(HSB);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  stroke(132, 108, i*2.5);
+  line(i, 0, i, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..090d7e3a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Change the saturation and brightness, hue constant
+colorMode(HSB);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++) {
+    stroke(132, j*2.5, i*2.5);
+    point(i, j);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a86450793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Shift from blue to green in RGB mode
+colorMode(RGB);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  float r = 61 + (i*0.92);
+  float g = 156 + (i*0.48);
+  float b = 204 - (i*1.43);
+  stroke(r, g, b);
+  line(i, 0, i, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0cda24fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Shift from blue to green in HSB mode
+colorMode(HSB, 360, 100, 100);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  float newHue = 200 - (i*1.2);
+  stroke(newHue, 70, 80);
+  line(i, 0, i, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_21/_21.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_21/_21.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f4d689915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/09 Color 1/_21/_21.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Code 9-03 rewritten using hex numbers
+background(#818257);
+noStroke();
+fill(#AEDD3C);
+rect(17, 17, 66, 66);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5bee29af8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+PImage img;
+// Image must be in the sketch's "data" folder
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+image(img, 0, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ce5f8a972
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+PImage img;
+// Image must be in the sketch's "data" folder to load
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+image(img, 20, 20, 60, 60);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..175ab183e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+tint(102); // Tint gray
+image(img, 0, 0);
+noTint(); // Disable tint
+image(img, 50, 0);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9fe123241
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+tint(0, 153, 204); // Tint blue
+image(img, 0, 0);
+noTint(); // Disable tint
+image(img, 50, 0);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c3f26f77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+color yellow = color(220, 214, 41);
+color green = color(110, 164, 32);
+color tan = color(180, 17, 132);
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+tint(yellow);
+image(img, 0, 0);
+tint(green);
+image(img, 33, 0);
+tint(tan);
+image(img, 66, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..449c956d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+background(255);
+tint(255, 102); // Alpha to 102 without changing the tint
+image(img, 0, 0, 100, 100);
+tint(255, 204, 0, 153); // Tint to yellow, alpha to 153
+image(img, 20, 20, 100, 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9bdfc77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+background(255);
+tint(255, 51);
+// Draw the image 10 times, moving each to the right
+for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
+  image(img, i*10, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b584835b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Loads a GIF image with 1-bit transparency
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("archTrans.gif");
+background(255);
+image(img, 0, 0);
+image(img, -20, 0);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/data/mud-trans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/data/mud-trans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..808499d3f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_08/data/mud-trans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e5260d770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/10 Image 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Loads a PNG image with 8-bit transparency
+PImage img;
+img = loadImage("arch.png");
+background(255);
+image(img, 0, 0);
+image(img, -20, 0);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02d482311
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+char a = 'n'; // Assigns 'n' to variable a
+char b = n; // ERROR! Without the '', n expected to be a variable
+char c = "n"; // ERROR! The "" defines n as a String, not a char
+char d = 'not'; // ERROR! The char type can hold only one character
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_01/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_01/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_01/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..daea5872f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+char letter;
+letter = 'A'; // Assign 'A' to variable letter
+println(letter); // Prints "A" to the console
+letter = 'B'; // Assign 'B' to variable letter
+println(letter); // Prints "B" to the console
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_02/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_02/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_02/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07488bcdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+char letter = 'A'; // Declare variable letter and assign 'A'
+println(letter); // Prints "A" to the console
+int n = letter; // Assign the numerical value 'A' to variable n
+println(n); // Prints "65" to the console
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_03/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_03/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_03/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..df97c271f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+char letter = 'A'; // Declare variable letter and assign 'A'
+for (int i=0; i<26; i++) {
+  print(letter); // Prints a character to the console
+  letter++;  // Add 1 to the value of the character
+}
+println('.'); // Adds a period to the end of the alphabet
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_04/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_04/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_04/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8cf506b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String a = "Eponymous"; // Assign "Eponymous" to a
+String b = 'E'; // ERROR! The '' define E as a char
+String c = "E"; // Assign "E" to c
+string d = "E"; // ERROR! String must be capitalized
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_05/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_05/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_05/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..40e8806ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// The String data type can contain long and short text elements
+String s1 = "Rakete bee bee?";
+String s2 = "Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrummmmmpffff tillffff tooooooo?";
+println(s1); // Prints "Rakete bee bee?"
+println(s2); // Prints "Rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrummmmmpffff tillffff tooooooo?"
+
+// Strings can be combined with the + operator
+String s3 = "Rakete ";
+String s4 = "rinnzekete";
+String s5 = s3 + s4;
+println(s5); // Prints "Rakete rinnzekete"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_06/data/archTrans.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_06/data/archTrans.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d4b0348a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/11 Data 2/_06/data/archTrans.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cd6c249cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+float f = 12.6;
+int i = 127;
+f = i; // Converts 127 to 127.0
+i = f; // Error: Can't automatically convert a float to an int
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7978747d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int i = 0;
+boolean b = boolean(i); // Assign false to b
+int n = 12;
+b = boolean(n); // Assign true to b
+String s = "false";
+b = boolean(s); // Assign false to b
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d3d911a26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+float f = 65.0;
+byte b = byte(f); // Assign 65 to b
+char c = 'E';
+b = byte(c); // Assign 69 to b
+f = 130.0;
+b = byte(f); // Assign -126 to b
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3f58a05a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int i = 65;
+byte y = 72;
+char c = char(i); // Assign 'A' to c
+c = char(y); // Assign 'H' to c
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..18e544d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int i = 2;
+int j = 3;
+float f1 = i/j; // Assign 0.0 to f1
+float f2 = i/float(j); // Assign 0.6666667 to f2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..45e800a0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+float f = 65.3;
+int i = int(f); // Assign 65 to i
+char c = 'E';
+i = int(c); // Assign 69 to i
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..02ff8dbe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int i = 3;
+String s = str(i); // Assign "3" to s
+float f = -12.6;
+s = str(f); // Assign "-12.6" to s
+boolean b = true;
+s = str(b); // Assign "true" to s
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..044618d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Loads an image that is 320 pixels wide and 240 pixels high
+PImage img = loadImage("ohio.jpg");
+int w = img.width; // Assign 320 to w
+int h = img.height; // Assign 240 to h
+println(w); // Prints "320"
+println(h); // Prints "240"
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea8fe761e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String s1 = "Player Piano";
+String s2 = "P";
+println( s1.length() ); // Prints "12"
+println( s2.length() ); // Prints "1"
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a643846f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String s1 = "Slaughterhouse Five";
+println(s1.startsWith("S")); // Prints "true"
+println(s1.startsWith("Five")); // Prints "false"
+println(s1.endsWith("Five")); // Prints "true"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d1ebc2f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String s = "Verde";
+println(s.charAt(0)); // Prints "V"
+println(s.charAt(2)); // Prints "r"
+println(s.charAt(4)); // Prints "e"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2ab240e22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String s = "Azzurro";
+char[] c = s.toCharArray();
+println(c[0]); // Prints "A"
+println(c[1]); // Prints "z"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..12256f153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+String s = "Giallo";
+println(s.substring(2)); // Prints "allo"
+println(s.substring(4)); // Prints "lo"
+println(s.substring(1, 4)); // Prints "ial"
+println(s.substring(0, s.length()-1)); // Prints "Giall"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e6bc979cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+String s = "Nero";
+println(s.toLowerCase()); // Prints "nero"
+println(s.toUpperCase()); // Prints "NERO"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0bd59b105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/12 Data 3/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+String s1 = "Bianco";
+String s2 = "Bianco";
+String s3 = "Nero";
+println(s1.equals(s2)); // Prints "true"
+println(s1.equals(s3)); // Prints "false"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b33b593cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PFont font; // Declare the variable
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-32.vlw"); // Load the font
+textFont(font); // Set the current text font
+fill(0);
+text("LAX", 0, 40); // Write "LAX" at coordinate (0,40)
+text("AMS", 0, 70); // Write "AMS" at coordinate (0,70)
+text("FRA", 0, 100); // Write "FRA" at coordinate (0,100)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_01/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_01/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_01/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2f39988b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-32.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+fill(0);
+text(19, 0, 36); // Write 19 at coordinate (0,36)
+text(72, 0, 70); // Write 72 at coordinate (0,70)
+text('R', 62, 70); // Write 'R' at coordinate (62,70)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_02/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_02/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_02/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2cc8b7f2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-12.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+fill(0);
+String s = "Response is the medium";
+text(s, 10, 20, 80, 50);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/data/Courier-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/data/Courier-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe569b3dc
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/data/Courier-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6bde4e4d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_03/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..51fbb19c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-32.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+fill(255); // White
+text("DAY", 0, 40);
+fill(0); // Black
+text("CVG", 0, 70);
+fill(102); // Gray
+text("ATL", 0, 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/data/Courier-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/data/Courier-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e87ef86b2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/data/Courier-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_04/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ab8c060f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-72.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+fill(0, 160); // Black with low opacity
+text("1", 0, 80);
+text("2", 15, 80);
+text("3", 30, 80);
+text("4", 45, 80);
+text("5", 60, 80);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Courier-96.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Courier-96.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5609ca52f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Courier-96.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2517b88aa
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-72.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-72.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe2da33e9
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_05/data/Ziggurat-72.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b50ccd6d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+PFont font1, font2;
+font1 = loadFont("Ziggurat-32.vlw");
+font2 = loadFont("ZigguratItalic-32.vlw");
+fill(0);
+// Set the font to Ziggurat-32.vlw
+textFont(font1);
+text("GNU", 6, 45);
+// Set the font to ZigguratItalic-32.vlw
+textFont(font2);
+text("GNU", 2, 80);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/Courier-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/Courier-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e87ef86b2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/Courier-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/CourierItalic-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/CourierItalic-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1c54c2188
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/CourierItalic-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/ZigguratItalic-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/ZigguratItalic-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7bbb1f6bd
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/ZigguratItalic-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/ZigguratItalic-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/ZigguratItalic-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..83a1668d5
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_06/data/ZigguratItalic-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b14ac71e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Reducing a font created at 32 pixels
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-32.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+fill(0);
+text("LNZ", 0, 40); // Large
+textSize(18);
+text("STN", 0, 75); // Medium
+textSize(12);
+text("BOS", 0, 100); // Small
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/Courier-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/Courier-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e87ef86b2
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/Courier-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/CourierItalic-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/CourierItalic-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1c54c2188
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/CourierItalic-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_07/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a8fb96eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Enlarging a font created at 12 pixels
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-12.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+textSize(32);
+fill(0);
+text("LNZ", 0, 40); // Large
+textSize(18);
+text("STN", 0, 75); // Medium
+textSize(12);
+text("BOS", 0, 100); // Small
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/data/Courier-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/data/Courier-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a4e5d9737
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/data/Courier-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6bde4e4d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_08/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f63c75d40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-12.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+String lines = "L1 L2 L3";
+textLeading(10);
+fill(0);
+text(lines, 5, 15, 30, 100);
+textLeading(20);
+text(lines, 36, 15, 30, 100);
+textLeading(30);
+text(lines, 68, 15, 30, 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/data/Courier-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/data/Courier-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe569b3dc
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/data/Courier-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6bde4e4d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_09/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5d4706e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-12.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+line(50, 0, 50, 100);
+fill(0);
+textAlign(LEFT);
+text("Left", 50, 20);
+textAlign(RIGHT);
+text("Right", 50, 40);
+textAlign(CENTER);
+text("Center", 50, 80);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/data/Courier-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/data/Courier-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe569b3dc
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/data/Courier-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c6bde4e4d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_10/data/Ziggurat-12.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f7ed3ef76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+PFont font;
+font = loadFont("Ziggurat-32.vlw");
+textFont(font);
+fill(0);
+char c = 'U';
+float cw = textWidth(c);
+text(c, 22, 40);
+rect(22, 42, cw, 5);
+String s = "UC";
+float sw = textWidth(s);
+text(s, 22, 76);
+rect(22, 78, sw, 5);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/data/Courier-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/data/Courier-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1dbdeb8f1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/data/Courier-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abe7061e7
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/13 Typography 1/_11/data/Ziggurat-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..db8c53f67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+println(PI); // Prints the value of PI to the text area
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..929c64dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+float r1 = radians(90);
+float r2 = radians(180);
+println(r1); // Prints "1.5707964"
+println(r2); // Prints "3.1415927"
+float d1 = degrees(PI);
+float d2 = degrees(TWO_PI);
+println(d1); // Prints "180.0"
+println(d2); // Prints "360.0"
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ca7e77bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for (float angle = 0; angle < TWO_PI; angle += PI/24.0) {
+  println(sin(angle));
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..985954b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+for (float angle = 0; angle < TWO_PI; angle += PI/24.0) {
+  println(sin(angle) * 50.0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2713dd807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+for (float angle = 0; angle < TWO_PI; angle += PI/24.0) {
+  float newValue = map(sin(angle), -1, 1, 0, 1000);
+  println(newValue);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3cecdee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+size(700, 100);
+noStroke();
+fill(0);
+float angle = 0.0;
+for (int x = 0; x <= width; x += 5) {
+  float y = 50 + (sin(angle) * 35.0);
+  rect(x, y, 2, 4);
+  angle += PI/40.0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..34804510d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+size(700, 100);
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+fill(0);
+float offset = 50.0; // Y offset
+float scaleVal = 35.0; // Scale value for the wave magnitude
+float angleInc = PI/28.0; // Increment between the next angle
+float angle = 0.0; // Angle to receive sine values from
+for (int x = 0; x <= width; x += 5) {
+  float y = offset + (sin(angle) * scaleVal);
+  rect(x, y, 2, 4);
+  angle += angleInc;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_08/14-08.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_08/14-08.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a3dce6057
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_08/14-08.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc434aa61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+size(700, 100);
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+float offset = 50.0;
+float scaleVal = 20.0;
+float angleInc = PI/18.0;
+float angle = 0.0;
+for (int x = 0; x <= width; x += 5) {
+  float y = offset + (sin(angle) * scaleVal);
+  fill(255);
+  rect(x, y, 2, 4);
+  y = offset + (cos(angle) * scaleVal);
+  fill(0);
+  rect(x, y, 2, 4);
+  angle += angleInc;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99ab6a969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+size(700, 100);
+float offset = 50;
+float scaleVal = 30.0;
+float angleInc = PI/56.0;
+float angle = 0.0;
+beginShape(TRIANGLE_STRIP);
+for (int x = 4 ; x <= width+5; x += 5) {
+  float y = sin(angle) * scaleVal;
+  if ((x % 2) == 0) { // Every other time through the loop
+    vertex(x, offset + y);
+  } else {
+    vertex(x, offset - y);
+  }
+  angle += angleInc;
+}
+endShape();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..162b12988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+size(700, 100);
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(2);
+float offset = 126.0;
+float scaleVal = 126.0;
+float angleInc = 0.42;
+float angle = 0.0;
+for (int x = -52; x <= width; x += 5) {
+  float y = offset + (sin(angle) * scaleVal);
+  stroke(y);
+  line(x, 0, x+50, height);
+  angle += angleInc;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..07f589c83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+size(700, 100);
+smooth();
+fill(255, 20);
+float scaleVal = 18.0;
+float angleInc = PI/28.0;
+float angle = 0.0;
+for (int offset = -10; offset < width+10; offset += 5) {
+  for (int y = 0; y <= height; y += 2) {
+    float x = offset + (sin(angle) * scaleVal);
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, 10, 10);
+    stroke(0);
+    point(x, y);
+    angle += angleInc;
+  }
+  angle += PI;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77e40dda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+int radius = 38;
+for (int deg = 0; deg < 360; deg += 12) {
+  float angle = radians(deg);
+  float x = 50 + (cos(angle) * radius);
+  float y = 50 + (sin(angle) * radius);
+  ellipse(x, y, 6, 6);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e94fcf10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+int radius = 38;
+for (int deg = 0; deg < 220; deg += 12) {
+  float angle = radians(deg);
+  float x = 50 + (cos(angle) * radius);
+  float y = 50 + (sin(angle) * radius);
+  ellipse(x, y, 6, 6);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92d2b0f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+strokeWeight(2);
+arc(50, 55, 50, 50, 0, HALF_PI);
+arc(50, 55, 60, 60, HALF_PI, PI);
+arc(50, 55, 70, 70, PI, TWO_PI - HALF_PI);
+noFill();
+arc(50, 55, 80, 80, TWO_PI - HALF_PI, TWO_PI);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c27b94ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+smooth();
+noFill();
+randomSeed(0);
+strokeWeight(10);
+stroke(0, 150);
+for (int i = 0; i < 160; i += 10) {
+  float begin = radians(i);
+  float end = begin + HALF_PI;
+  arc(67, 37, i, i, begin, end);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..461f67988
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+noStroke();
+smooth();
+float radius = 1.0;
+for (int deg = 0; deg < 360*6; deg += 11) {
+  float angle = radians(deg);
+  float x = 75 + (cos(angle) * radius);
+  float y = 42 + (sin(angle) * radius);
+  ellipse(x, y, 6, 6);
+  radius = radius + 0.34;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5a608b373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/14 Math 3/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+smooth();
+float radius = 0.15;
+float cx = 33; // Center x- and y-coordinates
+float cy = 66;
+float px = cx; // Start with center as the
+float py = cy; // previous coordinate
+for (int deg = 0; deg < 360*5; deg += 12) {
+  float angle = radians(deg);
+  float x = cx + (cos(angle) * radius);
+  float y = cy + (sin(angle) * radius);
+  line(px, py, x, y);
+  radius = radius * 1.045;
+  px = x;
+  py = y;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..af1057026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float f = random(5.2); // Assign f a float value from 0 to 5.2
+int i = random(5.2); // ERROR! Can't assign a float to an int
+int j = int(random(5.2)); // Assign j an int value from 0 to 5
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5316e4ac0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(10);
+stroke(0, 130);
+line(0, random(100), 100, random(100));
+line(0, random(100), 100, random(100));
+line(0, random(100), 100, random(100));
+line(0, random(100), 100, random(100));
+line(0, random(100), 100, random(100));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..13e0ca06f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(20);
+stroke(0, 230);
+float r = random(5, 45);
+stroke(r * 5.6, 230);
+line(0, r, 100, random(55, 95));
+r = random(5, 45);
+stroke(r * 5.6, 230);
+line(0, r, 100, random(55, 95));
+r = random(5, 45);
+stroke(r * 5.6, 230);
+line(0, r, 100, random(55, 95));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f584dcaa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+background(0);
+stroke(255, 60);
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  float r = random(10);
+  strokeWeight(r);
+  float offset = r * 5.0;
+  line(i-20, 100, i+offset, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2edfe0ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+float r = random(100);
+if (r < 50.0) {
+  line(0, 0, 100, 100);
+} else {
+  ellipse(50, 50, 75, 75);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c4bd1d123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int num = int(random(50)) + 1;
+for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+  line(i * 2, 0, i * 2, 100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4eb73ad11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int s = 6; // Seed value
+background(0);
+stroke(255, 60);
+randomSeed(s); // Produce the same numbers each time
+for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+  float r = random(10);
+  strokeWeight(r);
+  float offset = r * 5;
+  line(i-20, 100, i+offset, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9291783f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+size(600, 100);
+float v = 0.0;
+float inc = 0.1;
+noStroke();
+fill(0);
+noiseSeed(0);
+for (int i = 0; i < width; i = i+4) {
+  float n = noise(v) * 70.0;
+  rect(i, 10 + n, 3, 20);
+  v = v + inc;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be65dd2c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+float xnoise = 0.0;
+float ynoise = 0.0;
+float inc = 0.04;
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    float gray = noise(xnoise, ynoise) * 255;
+    stroke(gray);
+    point(x, y);
+    xnoise = xnoise + inc;
+  }
+  xnoise = 0;
+  ynoise = ynoise + inc;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a0015f78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/15 Math 4/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+float power = 3; // Turbulence power
+float d = 8; // Turbulence density
+noStroke();
+for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
+  for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
+    float total = 0.0;
+    for (float i = d; i >= 1; i = i/2.0) {
+      total += noise(x/d, y/d) * d;
+    }
+    float turbulence = 128.0 * total / d;
+    float base = (x * 0.2) + (y * 0.12);
+    float offset = base + (power * turbulence / 256.0);
+    float gray = abs(sin(offset)) * 256.0;
+    stroke(gray);
+    point(x, y);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a9f96ae5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// The same rectangle is drawn, but only the second is
+// affected by translate() because it is drawn after
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30);
+translate(10, 30); // Shifts 10 pixels right and 30 down
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..60d64375b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// A negative number used as a parameter to translate()
+// moves the coordinates in the opposite direction
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30);
+translate(10, -10); // Shifts 10 pixels right and up
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7a24fc6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30);
+translate(10, 30); // Shifts 10 pixels right and 30 down
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30);
+translate(10, 30); // Shifts everything again for a total
+rect(0, 5, 70, 30); // 20 pixels right and 60 down
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a89653ec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+translate(33, 0); // Shift 33 pixels right
+rect(0, 20, 66, 30);
+rect(0, 50, 66, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..838e913b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pushMatrix();
+translate(33, 0); // Shift 33 pixels right
+rect(0, 20, 66, 30);
+popMatrix(); // Remove the shift
+// This shape is not affected by translate() because
+// the transformation is isolated between the pushMatrix()
+// and popMatrix()
+rect(0, 50, 66, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a15e7466d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/16 Transform 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+pushMatrix();
+translate(20, 0);
+rect(0, 10, 70, 20); // Draws at (20, 30)
+pushMatrix();
+translate(30, 0);
+rect(0, 30, 70, 20); // Draws at (50, 30)
+popMatrix();
+rect(0, 50, 70, 20); // Draws at (20, 50)
+popMatrix();
+rect(0, 70, 70, 20); // Draws at (0, 70)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c61af522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+smooth();
+rect(55, 0, 30, 45);
+rotate(PI/8);
+rect(55, 0, 30, 45);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4842e75ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+smooth();
+rect(10, 60, 70, 20);
+rotate(-PI/16);
+rect(10, 60, 70, 20);
+rotate(-PI/8);
+rect(10, 60, 70, 20);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4168dbbbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+smooth();
+ellipse(32, 32, 30, 30);
+scale(1.8);
+ellipse(32, 32, 30, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..843563dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+smooth();
+ellipse(32, 32, 30, 30);
+scale(2.8, 1.8);
+ellipse(32, 32, 30, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aade47402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+float s = 1.8;
+smooth();
+ellipse(32, 32, 30, 30);
+scale(s);
+strokeWeight(1.0 / s);
+ellipse(32, 32, 30, 30);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ef427e53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+rect(10, 20, 70, 20);
+scale(1.7);
+rect(10, 20, 70, 20);
+scale(1.7);
+rect(10, 20, 70, 20);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..741431c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+translate(width/2, height/2);
+rotate(PI/8);
+rect(-25, -25, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8f0a73169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+rotate(PI/8);
+translate(width/2, height/2);
+rect(-25, -25, 50, 50);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42db71d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+translate(10, 60);
+rect(0, 0, 70, 20);
+rotate(-PI/12);
+rect(0, 0, 70, 20);
+rotate(-PI/6);
+rect(0, 0, 70, 20);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..049a5b4de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+translate(45, 60);
+rect(-35, -5, 70, 10);
+rotate(-PI/8);
+rect(-35, -5, 70, 10);
+rotate(-PI/8);
+rect(-35, -5, 70, 10);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f10a4b270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+noFill();
+translate(10, 20);
+rect(0, 0, 20, 10);
+scale(2.2);
+rect(0, 0, 20, 10);
+scale(2.2);
+rect(0, 0, 20, 10);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..80411886f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+noFill();
+translate(50, 30);
+rect(-10, 5, 20, 10);
+scale(2.5);
+rect(-10, 5, 20, 10);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b7298cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+background(0);
+smooth();
+stroke(255, 120);
+translate(66, 33); // Set initial offset
+for (int i = 0; i < 18; i++) { // 18 repetitions
+  strokeWeight(i); // Increase stroke weight
+  rotate(PI/12); // Accumulate the rotation
+  line(0, 0, 55, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6275686a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+background(0);
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+fill(255, 48);
+translate(33, 66); // Set initial offset
+for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { // 12 repetitions
+  scale(1.2); // Accumulate the scaling
+  ellipse(4, 2, 20, 20);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f7ee067b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Shift the origin (0,0) to the center
+size(100, 100);
+translate(width/2, height/2);
+line(-width/2, 0, width/2, 0); // Draw x-axis
+line(0, -height/2, 0, height/2); // Draw y-axis
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+fill(255, 204);
+ellipse(0, 0, 45, 45); // Draw at the origin
+ellipse(-width/2, height/2, 45, 45);
+ellipse(width/2, -height/2, 45, 45);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b59304907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Shift the origin (0,0) to the center
+// and resizes the coordinate system
+size(100, 100);
+scale(width/2, height/2);
+translate(1.0, 1.0);
+strokeWeight(1.0/width);
+line(-1, 0, 1, 0); // Draw x-axis
+line(0, -1, 0, 1); // Draw y-axis
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+fill(255, 204);
+ellipse(0, 0, 0.9, 0.9); // Draw at the origin
+ellipse(-1.0, 1.0, 0.9, 0.9);
+ellipse(1.0, -1.0, 0.9, 0.9);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..20b681469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 00-17/17 Transform 2/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Shift the origin (0,0) to the lower-left corner
+size(100, 100);
+translate(0, height);
+scale(1.0, -1.0);
+line(0, 1, width, 1); // Draw x-axis
+line(0, 1, 0, height ); // Draw y-axis
+smooth();
+noStroke();
+fill(255, 204);
+ellipse(0, 0, 45, 45); // Draw at the origin
+ellipse(width/2, height/2, 45, 45);
+ellipse(width, height, 45, 45);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c78fd42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Reveals each frame passing as a number drawn to the console
+void draw() {
+  println(frameCount);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73c1b9341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Runs at around 4 fps, prints each frame number to the console
+void draw() {
+frameRate(4);
+println(frameCount);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1cb730154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+float y = 0.0;
+void draw() {
+  frameRate(30);
+  line(0, y, 100, y);
+  y = y + 0.5;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91eefe57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+float y = 0.0;
+
+void draw() {
+  frameRate(30);
+  background(204);
+  y = y + 0.5;
+  line(0, y, 100, y);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..635991950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+float y = 0.0;
+
+void draw() {
+  frameRate(30);
+  background(y * 2.5);
+  y = y + 0.5;
+  line(0, y, 100, y);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..934c3f24f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+float y = 0.0;
+void draw() {
+  frameRate(30);
+  background(y * 2.5);
+  y = y + 0.5;
+  line(0, y, 100, y);
+  if (y > 100) {
+    y = 0;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..10e155cac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+float y = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  ellipse(50, y, 70, 70);
+  y += 0.5;
+  if (y > 150) {
+    y = -50.0;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f428dc56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(50, 50, 66, 66);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3339c6df8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  ellipse(50, 50, 66, 66);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b27580e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+int d = 51; // Variable d can be used everywhere
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  int val = d * 2; // Local variable val can only be used in setup()
+  fill(val);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int y = 60; // Local variable y can only be used in draw()
+  line(0, y, d, y);
+  y -= 25;
+  line(0, y, d, y);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d23c36ef8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+void draw() {
+  int d = 80; // This variable can be used everywhere in draw()
+  if (d > 50) {
+    int x = 10; // This variable can be used only in this if block
+    line(x, 40, x+d, 40);
+  }
+  line(0, 50, d, 50);
+  line(x, 60, x+d, 60); // ERROR! x can't be read outside block
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64cdee44f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void draw() {
+  for (int y = 20; y < 80; y += 6) { // The variable y can be used
+    line(20, y, 50, y); // only within the for block
+  }
+  line(y, 0, y, 100); // ERROR! y can't be accessed outside for
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..62e55b2b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/20 Structure 2/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+int d = 45; // Assign 45 to variable d
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  int d = 90; // Assign 90 to local variable d
+  rect(0, 0, 33, d); // Use local d with value 90
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  rect(33, 0, 33, d); // Use d with value 45
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fdc759392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(50, 50, 60, 60); // White circle
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(50+10, 50, 30, 30); // Black circle
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(50+16, 45, 6, 6); // Small, white circle
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..62ccb124d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  // Right shape
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(65, 44, 60, 60);
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(75, 44, 30, 30);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(81, 39, 6, 6);
+  // Left shape
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(20, 50, 60, 60);
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(30, 50, 30, 30);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(36, 45, 6, 6);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..571666c97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  eye(65, 44);
+  eye(20, 50);
+}
+
+void eye(int x, int y) {
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, 60, 60);
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(x+10, y, 30, 30);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x+16, y-5, 6, 6);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41089ca7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  eye(65, 44);
+  eye(20, 50);
+  eye(65, 74);
+  eye(20, 80);
+  eye(65, 104);
+  eye(20, 110);
+}
+
+void eye(int x, int y) {
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, 60, 60);
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(x+10, y, 30, 30);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x+16, y-5, 6, 6);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..09da61101
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  stroke(160); // Thick, light gray
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  line(0, 5, 60, 65);
+  line(60, 5, 0, 65);
+
+  stroke(0); // Medium, black
+  strokeWeight(10);
+  line(30, 20, 90, 80);
+  line(90, 20, 30, 80);
+
+  // Draw thin, white X
+  stroke(255);
+  strokeWeight(2);
+  line(20, 38, 80, 98);
+  line(80, 38, 20, 98);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8111884a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawX();
+}
+
+void drawX() {
+  stroke(160);
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  line(0, 5, 60, 65);
+  line(60, 5, 0, 65);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0657d690c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawX(0); // Passes 0 to drawX(), runs drawX()
+}
+
+void drawX(int gray) { // Declares and assigns gray
+  stroke(gray); // Uses gray to set the stroke
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  line(0, 5, 60, 65);
+  line(60, 5, 0, 65);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73ddd6861
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawX(0, 30);
+}
+
+void drawX(int gray, int weight) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(0, 5, 60, 65);
+  line(60, 5, 0, 65);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3186367ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawX(0, 30, 40, 30, 36);
+}
+
+void drawX(int gray, int weight, int x, int y, int size) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(x, y, x+size, y+size);
+  line(x+size, y, x, y+size);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ea810cc76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawX(160, 20, 0, 5, 60); // Draw thick, light gray X
+  drawX(0, 10, 30, 20, 60); // Draw medium, black X
+  drawX(255, 2, 20, 38, 60); // Draw thin, white X
+}
+
+void drawX(int gray, int weight, int x, int y, int size) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(x, y, x+size, y+size);
+  line(x+size, y, x, y+size);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c96e0351e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for (int i=0; i<20; i++) {
+    drawX(200-(i*10), (20-i)*2, i, i/2, 70);
+  }
+}
+
+void drawX(int gray, int weight, int x, int y, int size) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(x, y, x+size, y+size);
+  line(x+size, y, x, y+size);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c1ed23c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 70; i++) { // Draw 70 X shapes
+    drawX(int(random(255)), int(random(30)),
+          int(random(width)), int(random(height)), 100);
+  }
+}
+
+void drawX(int gray, int weight, int x, int y, int size) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(x, y, x+size, y+size);
+  line(x+size, y, x, y+size);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08925e387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  leaf(26, 83, 60, 1);
+}
+
+void leaf(int x, int y, int size, int dir) {
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y); // Move to position
+  scale(size); // Scale to size
+  beginShape(); // Draw the shape
+  vertex(1.0*dir, -0.7);
+  bezierVertex(1.0*dir, -0.7, 0.4*dir, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+  bezierVertex(0.0, 0.0, 1.0*dir, 0.4, 1.0*dir, -0.7);
+  endShape();
+  popMatrix();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9b21411c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  vine(33, 9, 16);
+}
+
+void vine(int x, int numLeaves, int leafSize ) {
+  stroke(255);
+  line(x, 0, x, height);
+  noStroke();
+  int gap = height / numLeaves;
+  int direction = 1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < numLeaves; i++) {
+    int r = int(random(gap));
+    leaf(x, gap*i + r, leafSize, direction);
+    direction = -direction;
+  }
+}
+
+void leaf(int x, int y, int size, int dir) {
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y); // Move to position
+  scale(size); // Scale to size
+  beginShape(); // Draw the shape
+  vertex(1.0*dir, -0.7);
+  bezierVertex(1.0*dir, -0.7, 0.4*dir, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+  bezierVertex(0.0, 0.0, 1.0*dir, 0.4, 1.0*dir, -0.7);
+  endShape();
+  popMatrix();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c3675433
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawX(255); // Run first drawX()
+  drawX(5.5); // Run second drawX()
+  drawX(0, 2, 44, 48, 36); // Run third drawX()
+}
+
+// Draw an X with the gray value set by the parameter
+void drawX(int gray) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  line(0, 5, 60, 65);
+  line(60, 5, 0, 65);
+}
+
+// Draw a black X with the thickness set by the parameter
+void drawX(float weight) {
+  stroke(0);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(0, 5, 60, 65);
+  line(60, 5, 0, 65);
+}
+
+// Draws an X with the gray value, thickness,
+// position, and size set by the parameters
+void drawX(int gray, int weight, int x, int y, int s) {
+  stroke(gray);
+  strokeWeight(weight);
+  line(x, y, x+s, y+s);
+  line(x+s, y, x, y+s);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6ca652e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+float d = random(0, 100);
+ellipse(50, 50, d, d);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..67af87054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+int d = random(0, 100); // ERROR! random() returns floats
+ellipse(50, 50, d, d);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c0e638d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+int d = int(random(0, 100)); // int() converts the float value
+ellipse(50, 50, d, d);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7e476d1eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  float f = average(12.0, 6.0); // Assign 9.0 to f
+  println(f);
+}
+
+float average(float num1, float num2) {
+  float av = (num1 + num2) / 2.0;
+  return av;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86d6ed202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/21 Structure 3/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  float c = fahrenheitToCelsius(451.0); // Assign 232.77779 to c
+  println(c);
+}
+
+float fahrenheitToCelsius(float t) {
+  float f = (t-32.0) * (5.0/9.0);
+  return f;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..34f971cdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+size(120, 100);
+int front = int(random(1, 10)); // Select the front card
+int back = int(random(1, 10)); // Select the back card
+PImage imgFront = loadImage(front + "f.jpg");
+PImage imgBack = loadImage(back + "b.jpg");
+image(imgFront, 0, 0);
+image(imgBack, 60, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5e0b66a83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+float c = 25.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  arch(c);
+}
+
+void arch(float curvature) {
+  float y = 90.0;
+  strokeWeight(6);
+  noFill();
+  beginShape();
+  vertex(15.0, y);
+  bezierVertex(15.0, y-curvature, 30.0, 55.0, 50.0, 55.0);
+  bezierVertex(70.0, 55.0, 85.0, y-curvature, 85.0, y);
+  endShape();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b42c79d6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+float c = 25.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  arch(c);
+}
+
+void arch(float curvature) {
+  float y = 90.0;
+  float sw = (65.0 - curvature) / 4.0;
+  strokeWeight(sw);
+  noFill();
+  beginShape();
+  vertex(15.0, y);
+  bezierVertex(15.0, y-curvature, 30.0, 55.0, 50.0, 55.0);
+  bezierVertex(70.0, 55.0, 85.0, y-curvature, 85.0, y);
+  endShape();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4543603f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+int x = 20; // X-coordinate
+int u = 14; // Units
+float a = -0.12; // Angle
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  stroke(0, 153);
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  tail(x, u, a);
+}
+
+void tail(int xpos, int units, float angle) {
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(xpos, 0);
+  for (int i = units; i > 0; i--) { // Count in reverse
+    strokeWeight(i);
+    line(0, 0, 0, 8);
+    translate(0, 8);
+    rotate(angle);
+  }
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3925adb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+int x = 40; // X-coordinate
+int y = 30; // Y-coordinate
+int g = 20; // Gap between eyes
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  face(x, y, g);
+}
+
+void face(int x, int y, int gap) {
+  line(x, 0, x, y); // Nose Bridge
+  line(x, y, x+gap, y); // Nose
+  line(x+gap, y, x+gap, 100);
+  int mouthY = height - (height-y)/2;
+  line(x, mouthY, x+gap, mouthY); // Mouth
+  noStroke();
+  ellipse(x-gap/2, y/2, 5, 5); // Left eye
+  ellipse(x+gap, y/2, 5, 5); // Right eye
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b3b93d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int x = 5;
+
+for (int num = 15; num >= 0; num -= 1) {
+  line(x, 20, x, 80);
+  x += 5;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4f7131402
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+void setup() {
+  drawLines(5, 15);
+}
+
+void drawLines(int x, int num) {
+  line(x, 20, x, 80);
+  if (num > 0) {
+    drawLines(x+5, num-1);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..403d6d295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+int x = 50; // X-coordinate of the center
+int y = 100; // Y-coordinate of the bottom
+int a = 35; // Half the width of the top bar
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawT(x, y, a);
+}
+
+void drawT(int xpos, int ypos, int apex) {
+  line(xpos, ypos, xpos, ypos-apex);
+  line(xpos-(apex/2), ypos-apex, xpos+(apex/2), ypos-apex);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4fdd2a440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+int x = 50; // X-coordinate of the center
+int y = 100; // Y-coordinate of the bottom
+int a = 35; // Half the width of the top bar
+int n = 3; // Number of recursions
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawT(x, y, a, n);
+}
+
+void drawT(int x, int y, int apex, int num) {
+  line(x, y, x, y-apex);
+  line(x-apex, y-apex, x+apex, y-apex);
+  // This relational expression must eventually be
+  // false to stop the recursion and draw the lines
+  if (num > 0) {
+    drawT(x-apex, y-apex, apex/2, num-1);
+    drawT(x+apex, y-apex, apex/2, num-1);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0dfa95f7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+int x = 63; // X-coordinate
+int r = 85; // Starting radius
+int n = 6; // Number of recursions
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawCircle(63, 85, 6);
+}
+
+void drawCircle(int x, int radius, int num) {
+  float tt = 126 * num/4.0;
+  fill(tt);
+  ellipse(x, 50, radius*2, radius*2);
+  if (num > 1) {
+    num = num - 1;
+    drawCircle(x - radius/2, radius/2, num);
+    drawCircle(x + radius/2, radius/2, num);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..18edd3be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/22 Shape 3/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+int x = 63; // X-coordinate
+int y = 50; // Y-coordinate
+int r = 80; // Starting radius
+int n = 7; // Number of recursions
+int rs = 12; // Random seed value
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+  randomSeed(rs);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  drawCircle(x, y, r, n);
+}
+
+void drawCircle(float x, float y, int radius, int num) {
+  float value = 126 * num / 6.0;
+  fill(value, 153);
+  ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  if (num > 1) {
+    num = num - 1;
+    int branches = int(random(2, 6));
+    for (int i = 0; i < branches; i++) {
+      float a = random(0, TWO_PI);
+      float newx = x + cos(a) * 6.0 * num;
+      float newy = y + sin(a) * 6.0 * num;
+      drawCircle(newx, newy, radius/2, num);
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0eba0d87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void draw() {
+  frameRate(12);
+  println(mouseX + " : " + mouseY);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0f7761fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Circle follows the cursor
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(126);
+  ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 33, 33);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cb71a9cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Add and subtract to create offsets
+void setup() {
+size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+void draw() {
+  background(126);
+  ellipse(mouseX, 16, 33, 33); // Top circle
+  ellipse(mouseX+20, 50, 33, 33); // Middle circle
+  ellipse(mouseX-20, 84, 33, 33); // Bottom circle
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f8a623a07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Multiplying and dividing creates scaling offsets
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+void draw() {
+  background(126);
+  ellipse(mouseX, 16, 33, 33); // Top circle
+  ellipse(mouseX/2, 50, 33, 33); // Middle circle
+  ellipse(mouseX*2, 84, 33, 33); // Bottom circle
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0e8666809
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Invert cursor position to create a secondary response
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float x = mouseX;
+  float y = mouseY;
+  float ix = width - mouseX; // Inverse X
+  float iy = mouseY - height; // Inverse Y
+  background(126);
+  fill(255, 150);
+  ellipse(x, height/2, y, y);
+  fill(0, 159);
+  ellipse(ix, height/2, iy, iy);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..788a2b954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Exponential functions can create nonlinear relations
+// between the mouse and shapes affected by the mouse
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(126);
+  float normX = mouseX / float(width);
+  ellipse(mouseX, 16, 33, 33); // Top
+  ellipse(pow(normX, 4) * width, 50, 33, 33); // Middle
+  ellipse(pow(normX, 8) * width, 84, 33, 33); // Bottom
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..335fc65ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+void draw() {
+  frameRate(12);
+  println(pmouseX - mouseX);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8285f3d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Draw a line between the current and previous positions
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  strokeWeight(8);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c9516fde7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Use translate() to move a shape
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(126);
+  translate(mouseX, mouseY);
+  ellipse(0, 0, 33, 33);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3e83b132
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Use rotate() to move a shape
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  strokeWeight(8);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  float angle = map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, TWO_PI);
+  translate(50, 50);
+  rotate(angle);
+  line(0, 0, 40, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ef60afd06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Cursor position selects the left or right half
+// of the display window
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (mouseX < 50) {
+    rect(0, 0, 50, 100); // Left
+  } else {
+    rect(50, 0, 50, 100); // Right
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78026ab79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Cursor position selects the left, middle,
+// or right third of the display window
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (mouseX < 33) {
+    rect(0, 0, 33, 100); // Left
+  } else if ((mouseX >= 33) && (mouseX <= 66)) {
+    rect(33, 0, 33, 100); // Middle
+  } else {
+    rect(66, 0, 33, 100); // Right
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1975513c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Cursor position selects a quadrant of
+// the display window
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if ((mouseX <= 50) && (mouseY <= 50)) {
+    rect(0, 0, 50, 50); // Upper-left
+  } else if ((mouseX <= 50) && (mouseY > 50)) {
+    rect(0, 50, 50, 50); // Lower-left
+  } else if ((mouseX > 50) && (mouseY < 50)) {
+    rect(50, 0, 50, 50); // Upper-right
+  } else {
+    rect(50, 50, 50, 50); // Lower-right
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..389639ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Cursor position selects a rectangular area to
+// change the fill color
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if ((mouseX > 40) && (mouseX < 80) &&
+      (mouseY > 20) && (mouseY < 80)) {
+    fill(255);
+  } else {
+    fill(0);
+  }
+  rect(40, 20, 40, 60);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a1a808ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Set the square to white when a mouse button is pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    fill(255); // White
+  } else {
+    fill(0); // Black
+  }
+  rect(25, 25, 50, 50);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5b5202845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Set the square to black when the left mouse button
+// is pressed and white when the right button is pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mouseButton == LEFT) {
+    fill(0); // Black
+  } else if (mouseButton == RIGHT) {
+    fill(255); // White
+  } else {
+    fill(126); // Gray
+  }
+  rect(25, 25, 50, 50);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a5b3c8638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Set the square to black when the left mouse button
+// is pressed, white when the right button is pressed,
+// and gray when a button is not pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    if (mouseButton == LEFT) {
+      fill(0); // Black
+    } else if (mouseButton == RIGHT) {
+      fill(255); // White
+    }
+  } else {
+    fill(126); // Gray
+  }
+  rect(25, 25, 50, 50);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b2062e3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Draw an ellipse to show the position of the hidden cursor
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  strokeWeight(7);
+  smooth();
+  noCursor();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 10, 10);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c92d14fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Hides the cursor until a mouse button is pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noCursor();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    cursor();
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..118df4e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/23 Input 1/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Draws the cursor as a hand when a mouse button is pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    cursor(HAND);
+  } else {
+    cursor(MOVE);
+  }
+  line(mouseX, 0, mouseX, height);
+  line(0, mouseY, height, mouseY);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_01/24-01--1.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_01/24-01--1.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd71e9d91
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_01/24-01--1.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7f6a25bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Draw dots at the position of the cursor
+void setup() {
+ size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  point(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..84198c2cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Draw from the previous mouse location to the current
+// mouse location to create a continuous line
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_03/24-03--34556.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_03/24-03--34556.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3bfde5772
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_03/24-03--34556.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3dd0e0bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Draw a line only when a mouse button is pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..859910488
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Draw lines with different gray values when a mouse
+// button is pressed or not pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) { // If mouse is pressed,
+    stroke(255); // set the stroke to white
+  } else { // Otherwise,
+    stroke(0); // set to black
+  }
+  line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..026ea5c07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < 50; i += 2) {
+    point(mouseX+i, mouseY+i);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4c873a25c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for (int i = -14; i <= 14; i += 2) {
+    point(mouseX+i, mouseY);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..69d37d01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  fill(255, 40);
+  background(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    fill(0, 26);
+  } else {
+    fill(255, 26);
+  }
+  
+  for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+    ellipse(mouseX + i*i, mouseY, i, i);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2e95df14d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Draw with an image sliver
+PImage lineImage;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  // This image is 100 pixels wide, but one pixel tall
+  lineImage = loadImage("imageline.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  image(lineImage, mouseX-lineImage.width/2, mouseY);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b7e56802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/24 Drawing 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Draw with an image that has transparency
+PImage alphaImg;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  // This image is partially transparent
+  alphaImg = loadImage("alphaArch.png");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int ix = mouseX - alphaImg.width/2;
+  int iy = mouseY - alphaImg.height/2;
+  image(alphaImg, ix, iy);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e626ac6af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+// Draw a rectangle when any key is pressed
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  strokeWeight(4);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (keyPressed == true) { // If the key is pressed,
+    line(20, 20, 80, 80); // draw a line
+  } else { // Otherwise,
+    rect(40, 40, 20, 20); // draw a rectangle
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd36ce149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// Move a line while any key is pressed
+int x = 20;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  strokeWeight(4);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (keyPressed == true) { // If the key is pressed
+    x++; // add 1 to x
+  }
+  line(x, 20, x-60, 80);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..500cd0898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+PFont font;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("ThesisMonoLight-72.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  text(key, 28, 75);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_03/data/ThesisMonoLight-72.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_03/data/ThesisMonoLight-72.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..17627ddd8
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_03/data/ThesisMonoLight-72.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1b1533d76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  strokeWeight(4);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  // If the 'A' key is pressed draw a line
+  if ((keyPressed == true) && (key == 'A')) {
+    line(50, 25, 50, 75);
+  } else { // Otherwise, draw an ellipse
+    ellipse(50, 50, 50, 50);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c38a6d80f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+int x = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (keyPressed == true) {
+    x = key - 32;
+    rect(x, -1, 20, 101);
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7eb2dea99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+float angle = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  strokeWeight(8);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (keyPressed == true) {
+    if ((key >= 32) && (key <= 126)) {
+      // If the key is alphanumeric,
+      // convert its value into an angle
+      angle = map(key, 32, 126, 0, TWO_PI);
+    }
+  }
+  arc(50, 50, 66, 66, angle-PI/6, angle+PI/6);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4d9d838d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/25 Input 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+color y = 35;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(10, 50, 90, 50);
+  if (key == CODED) {
+    if (keyCode == UP) {
+      y = 20;
+    } else if (keyCode == DOWN) {
+      y = 50;
+    }
+  } else {
+    y = 35;
+  }
+  rect(25, y, 50, 30);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7b9bb18c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+float gray = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(gray);
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  gray += 20;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4e8e38c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+float gray = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(gray);
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  gray += 20;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..40860c9ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  fill(0, 102);
+}
+
+void draw() { } // Empty draw() keeps the program running
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  rect(mouseX, mouseY, 33, 33);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d1f2bb46f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+int dragX, dragY, moveX, moveY;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  fill(0);
+  ellipse(dragX, dragY, 33, 33); // Black circle
+  fill(153);
+  ellipse(moveX, moveY, 33, 33); // Gray circle
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() { // Move gray circle
+  moveX = mouseX;
+  moveY = mouseY;
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() { // Move black circle
+  dragX = mouseX;
+  dragY = mouseY;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9dd201c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  fill(255, 51);
+}
+
+void draw() { } // Empty draw() keeps the program running
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  int y = key - 32;
+  rect(0, y, 100, 4);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d9c93e79f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+boolean drawT = false;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (drawT == true) {
+    rect(20, 20, 60, 20);
+    rect(39, 40, 22, 45);
+  }
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if ((key == 'T') || (key == 't')) {
+    drawT = true;
+  }
+}
+
+void keyReleased() {
+  drawT = false;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..11b7189fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// An extremely minimal text editor, it can only insert
+// and remove characters from a single line
+PFont font;
+String letters = "";
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-24.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  stroke(255);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  float cursorPosition = textWidth(letters);
+  line(cursorPosition, 0, cursorPosition, 100);
+  text(letters, 0, 50);
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if (key == BACKSPACE) { // Backspace
+    if (letters.length() > 0) {
+      letters = letters.substring(0, letters.length()-1);
+    }
+  } else if (textWidth(letters+key) < width){
+    letters = letters+key;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_07/data/Eureka-24.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_07/data/Eureka-24.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d4083d6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_07/data/Eureka-24.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5a2688a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+PFont font;
+String letters = "";
+int back = 102;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-24.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  textAlign(CENTER);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(back);
+  text(letters, 50, 50);
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if ((key == ENTER) || (key == RETURN)) {
+    letters = letters.toLowerCase();
+    println(letters); // Print to console to see input
+    if (letters.equals("black")) {
+      back = 0;
+    } else if (letters.equals("gray")) {
+      back = 204;
+    }
+    letters = ""; // Clear the variable
+    
+  } else if ((key > 31) && (key != CODED)) {
+    // If the key is alphanumeric, add it to the String
+    letters = letters + key;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_08/data/Eureka-24.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_08/data/Eureka-24.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d4083d6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_08/data/Eureka-24.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..adf0cece0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+int frame = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  frameRate(30);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (frame > 60) { // If 60 frames since the mouse
+    noLoop(); // was pressed, stop the program
+    background(0); // and turn the background black.
+  } else { // Otherwise, set the background
+    background(204); // to light gray and draw lines
+    line(mouseX, 0, mouseX, 100); // at the mouse position
+    line(0, mouseY, 100, mouseY);
+    frame++;
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  loop();
+  frame = 0;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..138cfdd18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/26 Input 3/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noLoop();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(mouseX, 0, mouseX, 100);
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  redraw(); // Run the code in draw one time
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..deb22e72a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+int x = constrain(35, 10, 90); // Assign 35 to x
+int y = constrain(5, 10, 90); // Assign 10 to y
+int z = constrain(91, 10, 90); // Assign 90 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97cd57125
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Constrains the position of the ellipse to a region
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  // Limits mx between 35 and 65
+  float mx = constrain(mouseX, 35, 65);
+  // Limits my between 40 and 60
+  float my = constrain(mouseY, 40, 60);
+  fill(102);
+  rect(20, 25, 60, 50);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(mx, my, 30, 30);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b6715b22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+float x = dist(0, 0, 50, 0); // Assign 50.0 to x
+float y = dist(50, 0, 50, 90); // Assign 90.0 to y
+float z = dist(30, 20, 80, 90); // Assign 86.023254 to z
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7fc06d7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// The distance between the center of the display
+// window and the cursor sets the diameter of the circle
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float d = dist(width/2, height/2, mouseX, mouseY);
+  ellipse(width/2, height/2, d*2, d*2);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5aad01531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Draw a grid of circles and calculate the
+// distance to each to set the size
+float maxDistance;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+  maxDistance = dist(0, 0, width, height);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  for (int i = 0; i <= width; i += 20) {
+    for (int j = 0; j <= height; j += 20) {
+      float mouseDist = dist(mouseX, mouseY, i, j);
+      float diameter = (mouseDist / maxDistance) * 66.0;
+      ellipse(i, j, diameter, diameter);
+    }
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d7f7b6d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+float x = 0.0;
+float easing = 0.05; // Numbers 0.0 to 1.0
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float targetX = mouseX;
+  x += (targetX - x) * easing;
+  ellipse(mouseX, 30, 40, 40);
+  ellipse(x, 70, 40, 40);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f2943279d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+float x = 0;
+float y = 0;
+float easing = 0.05; // Numbers 0.0 to 1.0
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float targetX = mouseX;
+  float targetY = mouseY;
+  x += (targetX - x) * easing;
+  y += (targetY - y) * easing;
+  fill(153);
+  ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 20, 20);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, 40, 40);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa0059873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+float x = 0.0;
+float easing = 0.05; // Numbers 0.0 to 1.0
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float targetX = mouseX;
+  // Distance from position and target
+  float dx = targetX - x;
+  // If the distance between the current position and the
+  // destination is greater than 1.0, update the position
+  if (abs(dx) > 1.0) {
+    x += dx * easing;
+  }
+  ellipse(mouseX, 30, 40, 40);
+  ellipse(x, 70, 40, 40);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ef36f37b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float speed = dist(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+  float diameter = speed * 3.0;
+  ellipse(50, 50, diameter, diameter);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a0db3adca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+float speed = 0.0;
+float easing = 0.05; // Numbers 0.0 to 1.0
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float target = dist(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+  speed += (target - speed) * easing;
+  rect(0, 33, target, 17);
+  rect(0, 50, speed, 17);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2aa9a315c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// The angles increase as the mouse moves from the upper-right
+// corner of the screen to the lower-left corner
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  frameRate(15);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float angle = atan2(mouseY, mouseX);
+  float deg = degrees(angle);
+  println(deg);
+  background(204);
+  ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 8, 8);
+  rotate(angle);
+  line(0, 0, 150, 0);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41155ae59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/27 Input 4/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Rotate the triangles so they always point
+// to the cursor
+float x = 50;
+float y1 = 33;
+float y2 = 66;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  
+  // Top triangle
+  float angle = atan2(mouseY-y1, mouseX-x);
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, y1);
+  rotate(angle);
+  triangle(-20, -8, 20, 0, -20, 8);
+  popMatrix();
+  pushMatrix();
+  
+  // Bottom triangle
+  float angle2 = atan2(mouseY-(y2), mouseX-x);
+  translate(x, y2);
+  rotate(angle2);
+  triangle(-20, -8, 20, 0, -20, 8);
+  popMatrix();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3047aa80e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int s = second(); // Returns values from 0 to 59
+int m = minute(); // Returns values from 0 to 59
+int h = hour(); // Returns values from 0 to 23
+println(h + ":" + m + ":" + s); // Prints the time to the console
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f02327e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+int lastSecond = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int s = second();
+  int m = minute();
+  int h = hour();
+  // Only prints once when the second changes
+  if (s != lastSecond) {
+    println(h + ":" + m + ":" + s);
+    lastSecond = s;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5d33c3a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+PFont font;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Pro-20.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  int s = second();
+  int m = minute();
+  int h = hour();
+  // The nf() function spaces the numbers nicely
+  String t = nf(h,2) + ":" + nf(m,2) + ":" + nf(s,2);
+  text(t, 10, 55);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_03/data/Pro-20.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_03/data/Pro-20.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..52c855953
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_03/data/Pro-20.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5fae747b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  stroke(255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float s = map(second(), 0, 60, 0, 100);
+  float m = map(minute(), 0, 60, 0, 100);
+  float h = map(hour(), 0, 24, 0, 100);
+  line(s, 0, s, 33);
+  line(m, 34, m, 66);
+  line(h, 67, h, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3fe885b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  stroke(255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  fill(80);
+  noStroke();
+  // Angles for sin() and cos() start a 3 o'clock,
+  // subtract HALF_PI to make them start at the top
+  ellipse(50, 50, 80, 80);
+  float s = map(second(), 0, 60, 0, TWO_PI) - HALF_PI;
+  float m = map(minute(), 0, 60, 0, TWO_PI) - HALF_PI;
+  float h = map(hour() % 12, 0, 12, 0, TWO_PI) - HALF_PI;
+  stroke(255);
+  line(50, 50, cos(s) * 38 + 50, sin(s) * 38 + 50);
+  line(50, 50, cos(m) * 30 + 50, sin(m) * 30 + 50);
+  line(50, 50, cos(h) * 25 + 50, sin(h) * 25 + 50);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5515a3c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Uses millis() to start a line in motion three seconds
+// after the program starts
+int x = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (millis() > 3000) {
+    x++;
+  }
+  line(x, 0, x, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd5377213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+int x = 0;
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float sec = millis() / 1000.0;
+  if (sec > 3.0) {
+    x++;
+  }
+  line(x, 0, x, 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fa53f16ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int d = day(); // Returns values from 1 to 31
+int m = month(); // Returns values from 1 to 12
+int y = year(); // Returns four-digit year (2007, 2008, etc.)
+println(d + " " + m + " " + y);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fb04d418
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+void draw() {
+  int d = day(); // Values from 1 to 31
+  if (d == 1) {
+    println("Welcome to a new month.");
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b9e6a8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 20-29/28 Input 5/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+void draw() {
+  int d = day(); // Values from 1 to 31
+  int m = month(); // Values from 1 to 12
+  if ((d == 1) && (m == 1)) {
+    println("Today is the first day of the year!");
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..035e7cdd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+float y = 50.0;
+float speed = 1.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  ellipse(33, y, radius, radius);
+  y = y + speed;
+  if (y > height+radius) {
+    y = -radius;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82fa086f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+float y = 50.0;
+float speed = 1.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+int direction = 1;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(33, y, radius, radius);
+  y += speed * direction;
+  if ((y > height-radius) || (y < radius)) {
+    direction = -direction;
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..46fb94ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+float x = 50.0; // X-coordinate
+float y = 50.0; // Y-coordinate
+float radius = 15.0; // Radius of the circle
+float speedX = 1.0; // Speed of motion on the x-axis
+float speedY = 0.4; // Speed of motion on the y-axis
+int directionX = 1; // Direction of motion on the x-axis
+int directionY = -1; // Direction of motion on the y-axis
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, radius, radius);
+  x += speedX * directionX;
+  if ((x > width-radius) || (x < radius)) {
+    directionX = -directionX; // Change direction
+  }
+  y += speedY * directionY;
+
+  if ((y > height-radius) || (y < radius)) {
+    directionY = -directionY; // Change direction
+  }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6fb32e634
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+float d = 20.0;
+float speed = 1.0;
+int direction = 1;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  fill(255, 204);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  ellipse(0, 50, d, d);
+  ellipse(100, 50, d, d);
+  ellipse(50, 0, d, d);
+  ellipse(50, 100, d, d);
+  d += speed * direction;
+  if ((d > width) || (d < width / 10)) {
+    direction = -direction;
+  }
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..677f774bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+float beginX = 20.0; // Initial x-coordinate
+float beginY = 10.0; // Initial y-coordinate
+float endX = 70.0; // Final x-coordinate
+float endY = 80.0; // Final y-coordinate
+float distX; // X-axis distance to move
+float distY; // Y-axis distance to move
+float x = 0.0; // Current x-coordinate
+float y = 0.0; // Current y-coordinate
+float step = 0.02; // Size of each step (0.0 to 1.0)
+float pct = 0.0; // Percentage traveled (0.0 to 1.0)
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  distX = endX - beginX;
+  distY = endY - beginY;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  pct += step;
+
+  if (pct < 1.0) {
+    x = beginX + (pct * distX);
+    y = beginY + (pct * distY);
+  }
+
+  fill(255);
+
+  ellipse(x, y, 20, 20);
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5dd00950e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+float x = 20.0; // Initial x-coordinate
+float y = 10.0; // Initial y-coordinate
+float targetX = 70.0; // Destination x-coordinate
+float targetY = 80.0; // Destination y-coordinate
+float easing = 0.05; // Size of each step along the path
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  float d = dist(x, y, targetX, targetY);
+
+  if (d > 1.0) {
+    x += (targetX - x) * easing;
+    y += (targetY - y) * easing;
+  }
+
+  fill(255);
+
+  ellipse(x, y, 20, 20);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58d8372ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+float beginX = 20.0; // Initial x-coordinate
+float beginY = 10.0; // Initial y-coordinate
+float endX = 70.0; // Final x-coordinate
+float endY = 80.0; // Final y-coordinate
+float distX; // X-axis distance to move
+float distY; // Y-axis distance to move
+float exponent = 0.5; // Determines the curve
+float x = 0.0; // Current x-coordinate
+float y = 0.0; // Current y-coordinate
+float step = 0.01; // Size of each step along the path
+float pct = 0.0; // Percentage traveled (0.0 to 1.0)
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  distX = endX - beginX;
+  distY = endY - beginY;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 2);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  pct += step;
+
+  if (pct < 1.0) {
+    x = beginX + (pct * distX);
+    y = beginY + (pow(pct, exponent) * distY);
+  }
+
+  fill(255);
+
+  ellipse(x, y, 20, 20);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..27033702d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+float beginX = 20.0; // Initial x-coordinate
+float beginY = 10.0; // Initial y-coordinate
+float endX = 70.0; // Final x-coordinate
+float endY = 80.0; // Final y-coordinate
+float distX; // X-axis distance to move
+float distY; // Y-axis distance to move
+float exponent = 3.0; // Determines the curve
+float x = 0.0; // Current x-coordinate
+float y = 0.0; // Current y-coordinate
+float step = 0.01; // Size of each step along the path
+float pct = 0.0; // Percentage traveled (0.0 to 1.0)
+int direction = 1;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  distX = endX - beginX;
+  distY = endY - beginY;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 2);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  pct += step * direction;
+  if ((pct > 1.0) || (pct < 0.0)) {
+    direction = direction * -1;
+  }
+  if (direction == 1) {
+    x = beginX + (pct * distX);
+    float e = pow(pct, exponent);
+    y = beginY + (e * distY);
+  } else {
+    x = beginX + (pct * distX);
+    float e = pow(1.0 - pct, exponent * 2);
+    y = beginY + (e * -distY) + distY;
+  }
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, 20, 20);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..58d2d906d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+float beginX = 20.0; // Initial x-coordinate
+float beginY = 10.0; // Initial y-coordinate
+float endX = 70.0; // Final x-coordinate
+float endY = 80.0; // Final y-coordinate
+float distX; // X-axis distance to move
+float distY; // Y-axis distance to move
+float exponent = 3.0; // Determines the curve
+float x = 0.0; // Current x-coordinate
+float y = 0.0; // Current y-coordinate
+float step = 0.01; // Size of each step along the path
+float pct = 0.0; // Percentage traveled (0.0 to 1.0)
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  distX = endX - beginX;
+  distY = endY - beginY;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 2);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  if (pct < 1.0) {
+    pct = pct + step;
+    float rate = pow(pct, exponent);
+    x = beginX + (rate * distX);
+    y = beginY + (rate * distY);
+  }
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, 20, 20);
+}
+void mousePressed() {
+  pct = 0.0;
+  beginX = x;
+  beginY = y;
+  distX = mouseX - x;
+  distY = mouseY - y;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d644d6532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+  translate(50, 0); // Has no effect
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  ellipse(0, 50, 60, 60);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9011447f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+float y = 50.0;
+float speed = 1.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  translate(0, y); // Set the y-coordinate of the circle
+  ellipse(33, 0, radius, radius);
+  y += speed;
+  if (y > height + radius) {
+    y = -radius;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c4069c47b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+float y = 50.0;
+float speed = 1.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(0, y);
+
+  // Affected by first translate()
+  ellipse(33, 0, radius, radius);
+  translate(0, y);
+  
+  // Affected by first and second translate()
+  ellipse(66, 0, radius, radius);
+  popMatrix();
+  
+  // Not affected by either translate()
+  ellipse(99, 50, radius, radius);
+  y = y + speed;
+  if (y > height + radius) {
+    y = -radius;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d95f3ed1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/31 Motion 1/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+float angle = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  angle = angle + 0.02;
+  translate(70, 40);
+  rotate(angle);
+  rect(-30, -30, 60, 60);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c4feb2ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+float angle = 0.0; // Current angle
+float speed = 0.1; // Speed of motion
+float radius = 40.0; // Range of motion
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  angle += speed;
+  float sinval = sin(angle);
+  float yoffset = sinval * radius;
+  ellipse(50, 50 + yoffset, 80, 80);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6282c4924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+float angle = 0.0; // Current angle
+float speed = 0.05; // Speed of motion
+float radius = 30.0; // Range of motion
+float sx = 2.0;
+float sy = 2.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 4);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  angle += speed; // Update the angle
+  float sinval = sin(angle);
+  float cosval = cos(angle);
+  
+  // Set the position of the small circle based on new
+  // values from sine and cosine
+  float x = 50 + (cosval * radius);
+  float y = 50 + (sinval * radius);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(x, y, 2, 2); // Draw smaller circle
+
+  // Set the position of the large circles based on the
+  // new position of the small circle
+  float x2 = x + cos(angle * sx) * radius / 2;
+  float y2 = y + sin(angle * sy) * radius / 2;
+  ellipse(x2, y2, 6, 6); // Draw larger circle
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..73b2fa5ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+float angle = 0.0;
+float speed = 0.1;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  angle = angle + speed;
+  ellipse(50 + (sin(angle + PI) * 5), 25, 30, 30);
+  ellipse(50 + (sin(angle + HALF_PI) * 5), 55, 30, 30);
+  ellipse(50 + (sin(angle + QUARTER_PI) * 5), 85, 30, 30);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8da3b3df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+float angle = 0.0; // Changing angle
+float speed = 0.05; // Speed of growth
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  fill(255, 180);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  circlePhase(0.0);
+  circlePhase(QUARTER_PI);
+  circlePhase(HALF_PI);
+  angle += speed;
+}
+void circlePhase(float phase) {
+  float diameter = 65 + (sin(angle + phase) * 45);
+  ellipse(50, 50, diameter, diameter);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f5ce8b674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+float x = 50.0; // X-coordinate
+float y = 80.0; // Y-coordinate
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  randomSeed(0); // Force the same random values
+  background(0);
+  stroke(255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  x += random(-2, 2); // Assign new x-coordinate
+  y += random(-2, 2); // Assign new y-coordinate
+  point(x, y);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b10511ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+float x = 0.0; // X-coordinate
+float y = 50.0; // Y-coordinate
+float angle = 0.0; // Direction of motion
+float speed = 0.5; // Speed of motion
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  background(0);
+  stroke(255, 130);
+  randomSeed(121); // Force the same random values
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  angle += random(-0.3, 0.3);
+  x += cos(angle) * speed; // Update x-coordinate
+  y += sin(angle) * speed; // Update y-coordinate
+  translate(x, y);
+  rotate(angle);
+  line(0, -10, 0, 10);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..204d6b224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+float inc = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  stroke(255, 204);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  inc += 0.01;
+  float angle = sin(inc) / 10.0 + sin(inc * 1.2) / 20.0;
+  tail(18, 9, angle / 1.3);
+  tail(33, 12, angle);
+  tail(44, 10, angle / 1.3);
+  tail(62, 5, angle);
+  tail(88, 7, angle*2);
+}
+void tail(int x, int units, float angle) {
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(x, 100);
+  for (int i = units; i > 0; i--) {
+    strokeWeight(i);
+    line(0, 0, 0, -8);
+    translate(0, -8);
+    rotate(angle);
+  }
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0ebda1665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+float inc1 = 0.1;
+float n1 = 0.0;
+float inc2 = 0.09;
+float n2 = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  stroke(255);
+  strokeWeight(20);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  float y1 = (noise(n1) - 0.5) * 30.0; // Values -15 to 15
+  float y2 = (noise(n2) - 0.5) * 30.0; // Values -15 to 15
+  line(0, 50, 40, 50 + y1);
+  line(100, 50, 60, 50 + y2);
+  n1 += inc1;
+  n2 += inc2;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..985f10237
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/32 Motion 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+float inc = 0.06;
+int density = 4;
+float znoise = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float xnoise = 0.0;
+  float ynoise = 0.0;
+  for (int y = 0; y < height; y += density) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < width; x += density) {
+      float n = noise(xnoise, ynoise, znoise) * 256;
+      fill(n);
+      rect(y, x, density, density);
+      xnoise += inc;
+    }
+    xnoise = 0;
+    ynoise += inc;
+  }
+  znoise += inc;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..982f35faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+int[] x = {50, 61, 83, 69, 71, 50, 29, 31, 17, 39};
+int[] y = { 18, 37, 43, 60, 82, 73, 82, 60, 43, 37 };
+
+beginShape();
+// Reads one array element every time through the for()
+for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+  vertex(x[i], y[i]);
+}
+endShape(CLOSE);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b01e006b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+int[] data; // Declare
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  data = new int[5]; // Create
+  data[0] = 19; // Assign
+  data[1] = 40;
+  data[2] = 75;
+  data[3] = 76;
+  data[4] = 90;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0593fc8e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+int[] data = new int[5]; // Declare and create
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  data[0] = 19; // Assign
+  data[1] = 40;
+  data[2] = 75;
+  data[3] = 76;
+  data[4] = 90;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3e2de725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int[] data = { 19, 40, 75, 76, 90 }; // Declare, create, and assign
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3313dbf4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int[] data; // Declare
+data = new int[5]; // Create
+data[0] = 19; // Assign
+data[1] = 40;
+data[2] = 75;
+data[3] = 76;
+data[4] = 90;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f68b34e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int[] data = new int[5]; // Declare and create
+data[0] = 19; // Assign
+data[1] = 40;
+data[2] = 75;
+data[3] = 76;
+data[4] = 90;
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ada474042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+int[] data = { 19, 40, 75, 76, 90 }; // Declare, create, and assign
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a47eb0cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int[] data = { 19, 40, 75, 76, 90 };
+line(data[0], 0, data[0], 100);
+line(data[1], 0, data[1], 100);
+line(data[2], 0, data[2], 100);
+line(data[3], 0, data[3], 100);
+line(data[4], 0, data[4], 100);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b8ff1471d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int[] data = { 19, 40, 75, 76, 90 };
+println(data[0]); // Prints 19 to the console
+println(data[2]); // Prints 75 to the console
+println(data[5]); // ERROR! The last element of the array is 4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..abaa7d214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+int[] data1 = { 19, 40, 75, 76, 90 };
+int[] data2 = { 19, 40 };
+int[] data3 = new int[127];
+println(data1.length); // Prints "5" to the console
+println(data2.length); // Prints "2" to the console
+println(data3.length); // Prints "127" to the console
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..94ab3ba81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+int[] data = { 19, 40, 75, 76, 90 };
+for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
+  line(data[i], 0, data[i], 100);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..301b5d563
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+float[] sineWave = new float[width];
+
+for (int i = 0; i < width; i++) {
+  // Fill the array with values from sin()
+  float r = map(i, 0, width, 0, TWO_PI);
+  sineWave[i] = abs(sin(r));
+}
+
+for (int i = 0; i < sineWave.length; i++) {
+  // Set the stroke values to numbers read from the array
+  stroke(sineWave[i] * 255);
+  line(i, 0, i, height);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ec939e409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+int numLines = 12;
+float[] x = new float[numLines];
+float[] speed = new float[numLines];
+float offset = 8; // Set space between lines
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  strokeWeight(10);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numLines; i++) {
+    x[i] = i; // Set initial position
+    speed[i] = 0.1 + (i / offset); // Set initial speed
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+    x[i] += speed[i]; // Update line position
+    if (x[i] > (width + offset)) { // If off the right,
+      x[i] = -offset * 2; // return to the left
+    }
+    float y = i * offset; // Set y-coordinate for line
+    line(x[i], y, x[i] + offset, y + offset); // Draw line
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..810210c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+int[] y;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  y = new int[width];
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+// Shift the values to the right
+  for (int i = y.length - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+    y[i] = y[i-1];
+  }
+// Add new values to the beginning
+  y[0] = constrain(mouseY, 0, height - 1);
+// Display each pair of values as a line
+  for (int i = 1; i < y.length; i++) {
+    line(i, y[i], i - 1, y[i-1]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2640e3799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+int num = 50;
+int[] x = new int[num];
+int[] y = new int[num];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  fill(255, 102);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+// Shift the values to the right
+  for (int i = num - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+    x[i] = x[i-1];
+    y[i] = y[i-1];
+  }
+// Add the new values to the beginning of the array
+  x[0] = mouseX;
+  y[0] = mouseY;
+// Draw the circles
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+    ellipse(x[i], y[i], i / 2.0, i / 2.0);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9ba9478b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+int num = 50;
+int[] x = new int[num];
+int[] y = new int[num];
+int indexPosition = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  fill(255, 102);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  x[indexPosition] = mouseX;
+  y[indexPosition] = mouseY;
+// Cycle between 0 and the number of elements
+  indexPosition = (indexPosition + 1) % num;
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+// Set the array position to read
+    int pos = (indexPosition + i) % num;
+    float radius = (num - i) / 2.0;
+    ellipse(x[pos], y[pos], radius, radius);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d06f3c965
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+String[] trees = { "ash", "oak" };
+append(trees, "maple"); // INCORRECT! Does not change the array
+print(trees); // Prints "ash oak"
+println();
+trees = append(trees, "maple"); // Add "maple" to the end
+print(trees); // Prints "ash oak maple"
+println();
+// Add "beech" to the end of the trees array, and creates a new
+// array to store the change
+String[] moretrees = append(trees, "beech");
+print(moretrees); // Prints "ash oak maple beech"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2dbc480c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+String[] trees = { "lychee", "coconut", "fig"};
+trees = shorten(trees); // Remove the last element from the array
+println(trees); // Prints "lychee coconut"
+
+trees = shorten(trees); // Remove the last element from the array
+println(trees); // Prints "lychee"
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e3efad100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+int[] x = new int[100]; // Array to store x-coordinates
+int count; // Store the number of array positions
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  x[count] = mouseX; // Assign new x-coordinate to the array
+  count++; // Increment the counter
+  if (count == x.length) { // If the x array is full,
+    x = expand(x); // double the size of x
+    println(x.length); // Write the new size to the console
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fe953a888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+String[] north = { "OH", "IN", "MI" };
+String[] south = { "GA", "FL", "NC" };
+arraycopy(north, south); // Copy from north array to south array
+print(south); // Prints "OH IN MI"
+println();
+String[] east = { "MA", "NY", "RI" };
+String[] west = new String[east.length]; // Create a new array
+arraycopy(east, west); // Copy from east array to west array
+print(west); // Prints "MA NY RI"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_21/_21.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_21/_21.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0a2a7c46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_21/_21.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+float[] data = {19.0, 40.0, 75.0, 76.0, 90.0};
+
+void setup() {
+  halve(data);
+  println(data[0]); // Prints "9.5"
+  println(data[1]); // Prints "20.0"
+  println(data[2]); // Prints "37.5"
+  println(data[3]); // Prints "38.0"
+  println(data[4]); // Prints "45.0"
+}
+void halve(float[] d) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < d.length; i++) { // For each array element,
+    d[i] = d[i] / 2.0; // divide the value by 2
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_22/_22.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_22/_22.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..900526da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_22/_22.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+float[] data = {19.0, 40.0, 75.0, 76.0, 90.0};
+float[] halfData;
+
+void setup() {
+  halfData = halve(data); // Run the halve() function
+  println(data[0] + ", " + halfData[0]); // Prints "19.0, 9.5"
+  println(data[1] + ", " + halfData[1]); // Prints "40.0, 20.0"
+  println(data[2] + ", " + halfData[2]); // Prints "75.0, 37.5"
+  println(data[3] + ", " + halfData[3]); // Prints "76.0, 38.0"
+  println(data[4] + ", " + halfData[4]); // Prints "90.0, 45.0"
+}
+float[] halve(float[] d) {
+  float[] numbers = new float[d.length]; // Create a new array
+  arraycopy(d, numbers);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) { // For each element,
+    numbers[i] = numbers[i] / 2; // divide the value by 2
+  }
+  return numbers; // Return the new array
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_23/_23.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_23/_23.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9599e1d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_23/_23.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+int[][] points = { {50,18}, {61,37}, {83,43}, {69,60}, {71,82},
+                   {50,73}, {29,82}, {31,60}, {17,43}, {39,37} };
+println(points[4][0]); // Prints 71
+println(points[4][1]); // Prints 82
+println(points[4][2]); // ERROR! This element is outside the array
+println(points[0][0]); // Prints 50
+println(points[9][1]); // Prints 37
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_24/_24.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_24/_24.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c86a4d44d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/33 Data 4/_24/_24.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+int[][] points = { {50, 18}, {61, 37}, {83, 43}, {69, 60},
+                   {71, 82}, {50, 73}, {29, 82}, {31, 60},
+                   {17, 43}, {39, 37} };
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  fill(0);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  translate(mouseX - 50, mouseY - 50);
+  beginShape();
+  for (int i = 0; i < points.length; i++) {
+    vertex(points[i][0], points[i][1]);
+  }
+  endShape();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..86648c705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+int numFrames = 12; // The number of animation frames
+int frame = 0; // The frame to display
+PImage[] images = new PImage[numFrames]; // Image array
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  frameRate(30); // Maximum 30 frames per second
+  images[0] = loadImage("ani-000.gif");
+  images[1] = loadImage("ani-001.gif");
+  images[2] = loadImage("ani-002.gif");
+  images[3] = loadImage("ani-003.gif");
+  images[4] = loadImage("ani-004.gif");
+  images[5] = loadImage("ani-005.gif");
+  images[6] = loadImage("ani-006.gif");
+  images[7] = loadImage("ani-007.gif");
+  images[8] = loadImage("ani-008.gif");
+  images[9] = loadImage("ani-009.gif");
+  images[10] = loadImage("ani-010.gif");
+  images[11] = loadImage("ani-011.gif");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  frame++;
+  if (frame == numFrames) {
+    frame = 0;
+  }
+  image(images[frame], 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-000.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-000.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a62c89dd
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-000.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-001.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-001.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fa73ba5f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-001.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-002.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-002.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9862cdb9
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-002.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-003.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-003.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78d757200
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-003.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-004.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-004.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc9a90347
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-004.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-005.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-005.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55454e80f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-005.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-006.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-006.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed3fd318f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-006.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-007.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-007.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b91b69d94
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-007.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-008.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-008.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b32af1571
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-008.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-009.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-009.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da247b92e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-009.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-010.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-010.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6752a466e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-010.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-011.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-011.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..332652d91
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_01/data/ani-011.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..163a551e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+int numFrames = 12; // The number of animation frames
+PImage[] images = new PImage[numFrames]; // Image array
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  frameRate(30); // Maximum 30 frames per second
+
+  // Automate the image loading procedure. Numbers less than 100
+  // need an extra zero added to fit the names of the files.
+  for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
+    // Construct the name of the image to load
+    String imageName = "ani-" + nf(i, 3) + ".gif";
+    images[i] = loadImage(imageName);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  // Calculate the frame to display, use % to cycle through frames
+  int frame = frameCount % numFrames;
+  image(images[frame], 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-000.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-000.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a62c89dd
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-000.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-001.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-001.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fa73ba5f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-001.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-002.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-002.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9862cdb9
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-002.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-003.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-003.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78d757200
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-003.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-004.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-004.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc9a90347
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-004.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-005.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-005.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55454e80f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-005.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-006.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-006.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed3fd318f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-006.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-007.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-007.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b91b69d94
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-007.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-008.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-008.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b32af1571
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-008.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-009.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-009.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da247b92e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-009.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-010.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-010.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6752a466e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-010.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-011.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-011.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..332652d91
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_02/data/ani-011.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8112bcdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+int numFrames = 5; // The number of animation frames
+PImage[] images = new PImage[numFrames];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
+    String imageName = "ani-" + nf(i, 3) + ".gif";
+    images[i] = loadImage(imageName);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int frame = int(random(0, numFrames)); // The frame to display
+  image(images[frame], 0, 0);
+  frameRate(random(1, 60.0));
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-000.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-000.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a62c89dd
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-000.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-001.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-001.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fa73ba5f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-001.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-002.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-002.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9862cdb9
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-002.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-003.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-003.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78d757200
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-003.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-004.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-004.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc9a90347
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-004.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-005.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-005.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55454e80f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-005.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-006.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-006.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed3fd318f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-006.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-007.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-007.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b91b69d94
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-007.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-008.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-008.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b32af1571
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-008.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-009.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-009.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da247b92e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-009.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-010.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-010.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6752a466e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-010.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-011.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-011.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..332652d91
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_03/data/ani-011.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c0ef62a79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+int numFrames = 12; // The number of animation frames
+int topFrame = 0; // The top frame to display
+int bottomFrame = 0; // The bottom frame to display
+PImage[] images = new PImage[numFrames];
+int lastTime = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  frameRate(30);
+  for (int i = 0; i < images.length; i++) {
+    String imageName = "ani-" + nf(i, 3) + ".gif";
+    images[i] = loadImage(imageName);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  topFrame = (topFrame + 1) % numFrames;
+  image(images[topFrame], 0, 0);
+  if ((millis() - lastTime) > 500) {
+    bottomFrame = (bottomFrame + 1) % numFrames;
+    lastTime = millis();
+  }
+  image(images[bottomFrame], 0, 50);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-000.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-000.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1a62c89dd
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-000.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-001.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-001.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8fa73ba5f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-001.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-002.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-002.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9862cdb9
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-002.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-003.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-003.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78d757200
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-003.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-004.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-004.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc9a90347
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-004.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-005.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-005.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..55454e80f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-005.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-006.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-006.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ed3fd318f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-006.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-007.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-007.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b91b69d94
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-007.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-008.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-008.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b32af1571
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-008.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-009.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-009.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..da247b92e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-009.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-010.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-010.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6752a466e
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-010.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-011.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-011.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..332652d91
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_04/data/ani-011.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f6de70c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+PImage img;
+float x;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  img = loadImage("PT-Shifty-0020.gif");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  x += 0.5;
+  if (x > width) {
+    x = -width;
+  }
+  image(img, x, 0);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_05/data/PT-Shifty-0020.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_05/data/PT-Shifty-0020.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1bd580361
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_05/data/PT-Shifty-0020.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..38805ecd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+PImage img;
+float angle;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  img = loadImage("PT-Shifty-0023.gif");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  angle += 0.01;
+  translate(50, 50);
+  rotate(angle);
+  image(img, -100, -100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_06/data/PT-Shifty-0023.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_06/data/PT-Shifty-0023.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a3dd7f38c
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_06/data/PT-Shifty-0023.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..42c78090b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+PImage img;
+float opacity = 0; // Set opacity to the minimum
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  img = loadImage("PT-Teddy-0017.gif");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  if (opacity < 255) { // When less than the maximum,
+    opacity += 0.5; // increase opacity
+  }
+  tint(255, opacity);
+  image(img, -25, -75);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_07/data/PT-Teddy-0017.gif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_07/data/PT-Teddy-0017.gif
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be36c20b1
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/34 Image 2/_07/data/PT-Teddy-0017.gif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a873ca22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+strokeWeight(8);
+line(0, 0, width, height);
+line(0, height, width, 0);
+PImage cross = get(); // Get the entire window
+image(cross, 0, 50); // Draw the image in a new position
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b5f90a720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(8);
+line(0, 0, width, height);
+line(0, height, width, 0);
+noStroke();
+ellipse(18, 50, 16, 16);
+PImage cross = get(); // Get the entire window
+image(cross, 42, 30, 40, 40); // Resize to 40 x 40 pixels
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2bcd09949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+strokeWeight(8);
+line(0, 0, width, height);
+line(0, height, width, 0);
+PImage slice = get(0, 0, 20, 100); // Get window section
+set(18, 0, slice);
+set(50, 0, slice);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..185b449b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+PImage trees;
+trees = loadImage("topanga.jpg");
+image(trees, 0, 0);
+PImage crop = get(); // Get the entire window
+image(crop, 0, 50); // Draw the image in a new position
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9f62f3cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+PImage trees;
+trees = loadImage("topanga.jpg");
+noStroke();
+image(trees, 0, 0);
+color c = get(20, 30); // Get color at (20, 30)
+fill(c);
+rect(20, 30, 40, 40);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..37246b24d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+PImage trees;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  trees = loadImage("topangaCrop.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  image(trees, 0, 0);
+  color c = get(mouseX, mouseY);
+  fill(c);
+  rect(50, 0, 50, 100);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f6cb47176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+PImage trees;
+int y = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  trees = loadImage("topangaCrop.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  image(trees, 0, 0);
+  y = constrain(mouseY, 0, 99);
+  for (int i = 0; i < 49; i++) {
+    color c = get(i, y);
+    stroke(c);
+    line(i + 50, 0, i + 50, 100);
+  }
+  stroke(255);
+  line(0, y, 49, y);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1853c59ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PImage trees;
+trees = loadImage("topanga.jpg");
+stroke(255);
+strokeWeight(12);
+image(trees, 0, 0);
+line(0, 0, width, height);
+line(0, height, width, 0);
+PImage treesCrop = trees.get(20, 20, 60, 60);
+image(treesCrop, 20, 20);
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..34b01cbe3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+color black = color(0);
+set(20, 80, black);
+set(20, 81, black);
+set(20, 82, black);
+set(20, 83, black);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29c18f6aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+for (int i = 0; i < 55; i++) {
+  for (int j = 0; j < 55; j++) {
+    color c = color((i + j) * 1.8);
+    set(30 + i, 20 + j, c);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..df70f1f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+PImage trees;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  trees = loadImage("topangaCrop.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int x = constrain(mouseX, 0, 50);
+  set(x, 0, trees);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78f585f75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/35 Image 3/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+PImage trees;
+trees = loadImage("topangaCrop.jpg");
+background(0);
+color white = color(255);
+trees.set(0, 50, white);
+trees.set(1, 50, white);
+trees.set(2, 50, white);
+trees.set(3, 50, white);
+image(trees, 20, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..230e422e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+PFont font;
+String s = "Pea";
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-48.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  text(s, 22, 20);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_01/data/Eureka-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_01/data/Eureka-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d4083d6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_01/data/Eureka-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..23ac07e89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+PFont font;
+float x1 = 0;
+float x2 = 100;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-48.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  text("Right", x1, 50);
+  text("Left", x2, 100);
+  x1 += 1.0;
+  if (x1 > 100) {
+    x1 = -150;
+  }
+  x2 -= 0.8;
+  if (x2 < -150) {
+    x2 = 100;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_02/data/Eureka-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_02/data/Eureka-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d4083d6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_02/data/Eureka-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7f25250d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+PFont font;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-48.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(204, 24);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(0);
+  text("flicker", random(-100, 100), random(-20, 120));
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_03/data/Eureka-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_03/data/Eureka-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d4083d6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_03/data/Eureka-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f61e7a883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+PFont font;
+int opacity = 0;
+int direction = 1;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  opacity += 2 * direction;
+  if ((opacity < 0) || (opacity > 255)) {
+    direction = -direction;
+  }
+  fill(0, opacity);
+  text("fade", 4, 60);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_04/data/EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_04/data/EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c59430232
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_04/data/EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..87f2cb32e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+PFont font;
+String s = "VERTIGO";
+float angle = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-90.vlw");
+  textFont(font, 24);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  angle += 0.02;
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(33, 50);
+  scale((cos(angle / 4.0) + 1.2) * 2.0);
+  rotate(angle);
+  text(s, 0, 0);
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_05/data/Eureka-90.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_05/data/Eureka-90.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9da1ffa8d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_05/data/Eureka-90.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..05551c47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+PFont font;
+String[] words = { "Three", "strikes", "and", "you're", "out...", " " };
+int whichWord = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-32.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  textAlign(CENTER);
+  frameRate(4);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  whichWord++;
+  if (whichWord == words.length) {
+    whichWord = 0;
+  }
+  text(words[whichWord], width / 2, 55);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_06/data/Eureka-32.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_06/data/Eureka-32.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..baa632fc8
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_06/data/Eureka-32.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e99f7ff8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// The size of each letter grows and shrinks from
+// left to right
+PFont font;
+String s = "AREA";
+float angle = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("EurekaMono-48.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  angle += 0.1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
+    float c = sin(angle + i / PI);
+    textSize((c + 1.0) * 32 + 10);
+    text(s.charAt(i), i*26, 60);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_07/data/EurekaMono-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_07/data/EurekaMono-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..90ed8654d
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_07/data/EurekaMono-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..676fe996d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Each letter enters from the bottom in sequence and
+// stops when it reaches its destination
+PFont font;
+String word = "rise";
+char[] letters;
+float[] y; // Y-coordinate for each letter
+int currentLetter = 0; // Letter currently in motion
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  letters = word.toCharArray();
+  y = new float[letters.length];
+  for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
+    y[i] = 130; // Position off the screen
+  }
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (y[currentLetter] > 35) {
+    y[currentLetter] -= 3; // Move current letter up
+  } else {
+    if (currentLetter < letters.length - 1) {
+      currentLetter++; // Switch to next letter
+    }
+  }
+// Calculate x to center the word on screen
+  float x = (width - textWidth(word)) / 2;
+  for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
+    text(letters[i], x, y[i]);
+    x += textWidth(letters[i]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_08/data/EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_08/data/EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c59430232
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/36 Typography 2/_08/data/EurekaSmallCaps-36.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3662720e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// The word "avoid" stays away from the mouse because its
+// position is set to the inverse of the cursor position
+PFont f;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  f = loadFont("Eureka-24.vlw");
+  textFont(f);
+  textAlign(CENTER);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  text("avoid", width - mouseX, height - mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_01/data/Eureka-24.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_01/data/Eureka-24.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d827a031f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_01/data/Eureka-24.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a7d786ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// The word "tickle" jitters when the cursor hovers over
+PFont f;
+float x = 33; // X-coordinate of text
+float y = 60; // Y-coordinate of text
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  f = loadFont("Eureka-24.vlw");
+  textFont(f);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(204, 120);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(0);
+// If the cursor is over the text, change the position
+  if ((mouseX >= x) && (mouseX <= x + 55) &&
+      (mouseY >= y - 24) && (mouseY <= y)) {
+    x += random(-5, 5);
+    y += random(-5, 5);
+  }
+  text("tickle", x, y);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_02/data/Eureka-24.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_02/data/Eureka-24.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d827a031f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_02/data/Eureka-24.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..15110a981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// The horizontal position of the mouse determines the
+// rotation angle. The angle accumulates with each letter
+// drawn to make the typography curve.
+String word = "Flexibility";
+PFont f;
+char[] letters;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  f = loadFont("Eureka-24.vlw");
+  textFont(f);
+  letters = word.toCharArray();
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  pushMatrix();
+  translate(0, 33);
+  for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
+    float angle = map(mouseX, 0, width, 0, PI / 8);
+    rotate(angle);
+    text(letters[i], 0, 0);
+// Offset by the width of the current letter
+    translate(textWidth(letters[i]), 0);
+  }
+  popMatrix();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_03/data/Eureka-24.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_03/data/Eureka-24.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d827a031f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_03/data/Eureka-24.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..308db6aee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Calculates the size of each letter based on the
+// position of the cursor so the letters are larger
+// when the cursor is closer
+String word = "BULGE";
+char[] letters;
+float totalOffset = 0;
+PFont font;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-48.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  letters = word.toCharArray();
+  textAlign(CENTER);
+  fill(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  translate((width - totalOffset) / 2, 0);
+  totalOffset = 0;
+  float firstWidth = (width / letters.length) / 4.0;
+  translate(firstWidth, 0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < letters.length; i++) {
+    float distance = abs(totalOffset - mouseX);
+    distance = constrain(distance, 24, 60);
+    textSize(84 - distance);
+    text(letters[i], 0, height - 2);
+    float letterWidth = textWidth(letters[i]);
+    if (i != letters.length - 1) {
+      totalOffset = totalOffset + letterWidth;
+      translate(letterWidth, 0);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_04/data/Eureka-48.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_04/data/Eureka-48.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9d4083d6b
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/37 Typography 3/_04/data/Eureka-48.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e46c7e453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+color c1 = color(0, 126, 255); // Create a new color
+float r = red(c1); // Assign 0.0 to r
+float g = green(c1); // Assign 126.0 to g
+float b = blue(c1); // Assign 255.0 to b
+println(r + ", " + g + ", " + b); // Prints "0.0, 126.0, 255.0"
+color c2 = color(102); // Create a new gray value
+float r2 = red(c2); // Assign 102.0 to r2
+float g2 = green(c2); // Assign 102.0 to g2
+float b2 = blue(c2); // Assign 102.0 to b2
+println(r2 + ", " + g2 + ", " + b2); // Prints "102.0, 102.0, 102.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..48578ef0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+color c = color(0, 51, 102); // Create a new color
+color g = color(0, 126, 255, 220); // Create a new color
+float a = alpha(c); // Assign 255.0 to a
+float b = alpha(g); // Assign 220.0 to b
+println(a + ", " + b); // Prints "255.0, 220.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..193a7adff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+colorMode(HSB, 360, 100, 100); // Set color mode to HSB
+color c = color(210, 100, 40); // Create a new color
+float h = hue(c); // Assign 210.0 to h
+float s = saturation(c); // Assign 100.0 to s
+float b = brightness(c); // Assign 40.0 to b
+println(h + ", " + s + ", " + b); // Prints "210.0, 100.0, 40.0"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0c6cc1b91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+color c = color(217, 41, 117); // Create a new color
+float r = red(c); // Assign 217.0 to r
+float h = hue(c); // Assign 236.64774 to h
+println(r + ", " + h); // Prints "217.0, 236.64774"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..066e89c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+colorMode(RGB, 1.0); // Sets color mode to HSB
+color c = color(0.2, 0.8, 1.0); // Creates a new color
+float r = red(c); // Assign 0.2 to r
+float h = hue(c); // Assign 0.5416667 to h
+println(r + ", " + h); // Prints "0.2, 0.5416667"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..eb01830ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+color c = color(118, 22, 24); // Create a new color
+int r1 = red(c); // ERROR! red() returns a float
+float r2 = red(c); // Assign 118.0 to r2
+int r3 = int(red(c)); // Assign 118 to r3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..be9bae4b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Sets the stroke color of the lines to the
+// red component of the pixel below their intersection
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(204, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  noStroke();
+  ellipse(66, 46, 80, 80);
+  color c = get(mouseX, mouseY);
+  float r = red(c); // Extract red component
+  stroke(255 - r); // Set the stroke based on red value
+  line(mouseX, 0, mouseX, height);
+  line(0, mouseY, width, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b023881e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Simulates one pixel of a flat-panel display
+PImage wall;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  wall = loadImage("veg.jpg");
+  stroke(255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(wall);
+  color c = get(mouseX, mouseY);
+  float r = red(c); // Extract red
+  float g = green(c); // Extract green
+  float b = blue(c); // Extract blue
+  fill(r, 0, 0);
+  rect(32, 20, 12, 60); // Red component
+  fill(0, g, 0);
+  rect(44, 20, 12, 60); // Green component
+  fill(0, 0, b);
+  rect(56, 20, 12, 60); // Blue component
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..83ccd475c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+int num = 400;
+float[] x = new float[num];
+float[] y = new float[num];
+PImage img;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  img = loadImage("standing-alt.jpg");
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+    x[i] = random(width);
+    y[i] = random(height);
+  }
+  stroke(255);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+    color c = img.get(int(x[i]), int(y[i]));
+    float b = brightness(c) / 255.0;
+    float speed = pow(b, 2) + 0.05;
+    x[i] += speed;
+    if (x[i] > width) {
+      x[i] = 0;
+      y[i] = random(height);
+    }
+    point(x[i], y[i]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bbb4763e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+color olive, gray;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  colorMode(HSB, 360, 100, 100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  olive = color(75, 61, 59);
+  gray = color(30, 17, 42);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float y = mouseY / float(height);
+  background(gray);
+  fill(olive);
+  quad(70 + y*6, 0, 100, 0, 100, 100, 30 - y*6, 100);
+  color yellow = color(48 + y * 20, 100, 88 - y * 20);
+  fill(yellow);
+  ellipse(50, 45 + y*10, 60, 60);
+  color orange = color(29, 100, 83 - y * 10);
+  fill(orange);
+  ellipse(54, 42 + y*16, 24, 24);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3ddc1282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+PImage img;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  frameRate(0.5);
+  img = loadImage("palette10x10.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  for (int x = 0; x < img.width; x++) {
+    for (int y = 0; y < img.height; y++) {
+      float xpos1 = random(x * 10);
+      float xpos2 = width - random(y * 10);
+      color c = img.get(x, y);
+      stroke(c);
+      line(xpos1, 0, xpos2, height);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..898b226a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+PImage img;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  img = loadImage("palette10x10.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int ix = int(random(img.width));
+  int iy = int(random(img.height));
+  color c = img.get(ix, iy);
+  fill(c, 102);
+  int xgrid = int(random(-2, 5)) * 25;
+  int ygrid = int(random(-2, 5)) * 25;
+  rect(xgrid, ygrid, 40, 40);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dca011728
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/38 Color 2/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+PImage img;
+color[] imageColors;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  frameRate(0.5);
+  smooth();
+  noFill();
+  img = loadImage("palette10x10.jpg");
+  imageColors = new color[img.width*img.height];
+  for (int y = 0; y < img.height; y++) {
+    for (int x = 0; x < img.width; x++) {
+      imageColors[y*img.height + x] = img.get(x, y);
+    }
+  }
+  imageColors = sortColors(imageColors);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  for (int x = 10; x < width; x += 10) {
+    int r = int(random(imageColors.length));
+    float thick = ((100 - r) / 4.0) + 1.0;
+    stroke(imageColors[r]);
+    strokeWeight(thick);
+    line(x, height, x, height - r + thick);
+    line(x, 0, x, height - r - thick);
+  }
+}
+color[] sortColors(color[] colors) {
+  color[] sorted = new color[colors.length];
+  int num = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i <= 255; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < colors.length; j++) {
+      if (int(brightness(colors[j])) == i) {
+        sorted[num] = colors[j];
+        num++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return sorted;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0fa02b463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+PImage img = loadImage("topanga.jpg");
+image(img, 0, 0);
+filter(THRESHOLD, 0.3);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8ed3b646f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+smooth();
+strokeWeight(5);
+noFill();
+line(0, 30, 100, 60);
+filter(BLUR, 3);
+line(0, 50, 100, 80);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..89c7c083d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+float fuzzy = 0.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  strokeWeight(5);
+  noFill();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  if (fuzzy < 16.0) {
+    fuzzy += 0.05;
+  }
+  line(0, 30, 100, 60);
+  filter(BLUR, fuzzy);
+  line(0, 50, 100, 80);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..08fd4b9b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+PImage img = loadImage("forest.jpg");
+image(img, 0, 0);
+img.filter(INVERT);
+image(img, 50, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b3d8dd0c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+background(0);
+stroke(153);
+strokeWeight(24);
+smooth();
+line(44, 0, 24, 80);
+line(0, 24, 80, 44);
+blend(0, 0, 100, 100, 16, 0, 100, 100, ADD);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa5a768ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PImage img = loadImage("topanga.jpg");
+background(0);
+stroke(255);
+strokeWeight(24);
+smooth();
+line(44, 0, 24, 80);
+line(0, 24, 80, 44);
+blend(img, 0, 0, 100, 100, 0, 0, 100, 100, DARKEST);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..29d149526
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+PImage img = loadImage("forest.jpg");
+PImage img2 = loadImage("airport.jpg");
+img.blend(img2, 12, 12, 76, 76, 12, 12, 76, 76, ADD);
+image(img, 0, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..97218ec20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+color g1 = color(102); // Middle gray
+color g2 = color(51); // Dark gray
+color g3 = blendColor(g1, g2, MULTIPLY); // Create black
+noStroke();
+fill(g1);
+rect(50, 0, 50, 100); // Right rect
+fill(g2);
+rect(20, 25, 30, 50); // Left rect
+fill(g3);
+rect(50, 25, 20, 50); // Overlay rect
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8e5f4c30c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+PImage img = loadImage("forest.jpg");
+image(img, 0, 0);
+copy(0, 0, 100, 50, 0, 50, 100, 50);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6157a4b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+PImage img1, img2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  img1 = loadImage("forest.jpg");
+  img2 = loadImage("airport.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(255);
+  image(img1, 0, 0);
+  int my = constrain(mouseY, 0, 67);
+  copy(img2, 0, my, 100, 33, 0, my, 100, 33);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e57d043cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+PImage img = loadImage("tower.jpg");
+img.copy(50, 0, 50, 100, 0, 0, 50, 100);
+image(img, 0, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1a28faf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/39 Image 4/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+background(255);
+PImage img = loadImage("airport.jpg");
+PImage maskImg = loadImage("airportmask.jpg");
+img.mask(maskImg);
+image(img, 0, 0);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8d696e3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float gray = map(second(), 0, 59, 0, 255);
+  color c = color(gray);
+  int index = frameCount % (width * height);
+  loadPixels();
+  pixels[index] = c;
+  updatePixels();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9cce82801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// These 3 lines of code is equivalent to: set(25, 50, color(0))
+loadPixels();
+pixels[50*width + 25] = color(0);
+updatePixels();
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3c55060ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// These 3 lines are equivalent to: pixels[5075] = color(0)
+int y = 5075 / width;
+int x = 5075 % width;
+set(x, y, color(0));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..35f7231cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+// Constrain to not exceed the boundary of the array
+  int mx = constrain(mouseX, 0, 99);
+  int my = constrain(mouseY, 0, 99);
+  loadPixels();
+  pixels[my*width + mx] = color(0);
+  updatePixels();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..41995d7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+PImage arch;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(arch);
+// Constrain to not exceed the boundary of the array
+  int mx = constrain(mouseX, 0, 99);
+  int my = constrain(mouseY, 0, 99);
+  loadPixels();
+  color c = pixels[my*width + mx];
+  fill(c);
+  rect(20, 20, 60, 60);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5ea2f46c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+PImage arch;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  int mx = constrain(mouseX, 0, 99);
+  int my = constrain(mouseY, 0, 99);
+  arch.loadPixels();
+  arch.pixels[my*width + mx] = color(0);
+  arch.updatePixels();
+  image(arch, 50, 0);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b403166f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PImage arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+int count = arch.width * arch.height;
+arch.loadPixels();
+loadPixels();
+for (int i = 0; i < count; i += 2) {
+  pixels[i] = arch.pixels[i];
+}
+updatePixels();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c943891a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PImage arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+int count = arch.width * arch.height;
+arch.loadPixels();
+loadPixels();
+for (int i = 0; i < count; i += 3) {
+  pixels[i] = arch.pixels[i];
+}
+updatePixels();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2b5f5e57c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PImage arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+int count = arch.width * arch.height;
+arch.loadPixels();
+loadPixels();
+for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+  pixels[i] = arch.pixels[count - i - 1];
+}
+updatePixels();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bf8f4adc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+PImage arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+int count = arch.width * arch.height;
+arch.loadPixels();
+loadPixels();
+for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+  pixels[i] = arch.pixels[i/2];
+}
+updatePixels();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0abc1cb2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+PImage arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+background(arch);
+loadPixels();
+for (int i = 0; i < width*height; i++) {
+  color p = pixels[i]; // Grab pixel
+  float r = 255 - red(p); // Modify red value
+  float g = 255 - green(p); // Modify green value
+  float b = 255 - blue(p); // Modify blue value
+  pixels[i] = color(r, g, b); // Assign modified value
+}
+updatePixels();
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ff9881cf6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+PImage arch;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(arch);
+  loadPixels();
+  for (int i = 0; i < width*height; i++) {
+    color p = pixels[i]; // Read color from screen
+    float r = red(p); // Modify red value
+    float g = green(p); // Modify green value
+    float b = blue(p); // Modify blue value
+    float bw = (r + g + b) / 3.0;
+    bw = constrain(bw + mouseX, 0, 255);
+    pixels[i] = color(bw); // Assign modified value
+  }
+  updatePixels();
+  line(mouseX, 0, mouseX, height);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0a53a6f65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+float[][] kernel = { {-1, 0, 1},
+                     {-2, 0, 2},
+                     {-1, 0, 1} };
+size(100, 100);
+PImage img = loadImage("arch.jpg"); // Load the original image
+img.loadPixels();
+// Create an opaque image of the same size as the original
+PImage edgeImg = createImage(img.width, img.height, RGB);
+// Loop through every pixel in the image.
+for (int y = 1; y < img.height - 1; y++) { // Skip top and bottom edges
+  for (int x = 1; x < img.width - 1; x++) { // Skip left and right edges
+    float sum = 0; // Kernel sum for this pixel
+    for (int ky = -1; ky <= 1; ky++) {
+      for (int kx = -1; kx <= 1; kx++) {
+        // Calculate the adjacent pixel for this kernel point
+        int pos = (y + ky) * width + (x + kx);
+        // Image is grayscale, red/green/blue are identical
+        float val = red(img.pixels[pos]);
+        // Multiply adjacent pixels based on the kernel values
+        sum += kernel[ky+1][kx+1] * val;
+      }
+    }
+    // For this pixel in the new image, set the gray value
+    // based on the sum from the kernel
+    edgeImg.pixels[y*img.width + x] = color(sum);
+  }
+}
+// State that there are changes to edgeImg.pixels[]
+edgeImg.updatePixels();
+image(edgeImg, 0, 0); // Draw the new image
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4bd855226
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Convert pixel values into a circle's diameter
+PImage arch;
+int index;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+  arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+  arch.loadPixels();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  color c = arch.pixels[index]; // Get a pixel
+  float r = red(c) / 3.0; // Get the red value
+  ellipse(width / 2, height / 2, r, r);
+  index++;
+  if (index == width*height) {
+    index = 0; // Return to the first pixel
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2999458b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Convert the red values of pixels to line lengths
+PImage arch;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+  arch.loadPixels();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  int my = constrain(mouseY, 0, 99);
+  for (int i = 0; i < arch.height; i++) {
+    color c = arch.pixels[my*width + i]; // Get a pixel
+    float r = red(c); // Get the red value
+    line(i, 0, i, height / 2 + r / 6);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3576ea260
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/40 Image 5/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Convert the blue values from one row of the image
+// to the coordinates for a series of lines
+PImage arch;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  arch = loadImage("arch.jpg");
+  arch.loadPixels();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  int mx = constrain(mouseX, 0, arch.width - 1);
+  int offset = mx * arch.width;
+  beginShape(LINES);
+  for (int i = 0; i < arch.width; i += 2) {
+    float r1 = blue(arch.pixels[offset + i]);
+    float r2 = blue(arch.pixels[offset + i + 1]);
+    float vx = map(r1, 0, 255, 0, height);
+    float vy = map(r2, 0, 255, 0, height);
+    vertex(vx, vy);
+  }
+  endShape();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7e7be5678
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+line(0, 0, width, height);
+line(width, 0, 0, height);
+// Saves the TIFF file "x.tif" to the current sketch's folder
+save("x.tif");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..565a6bef4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+line(0, 0, width, height);
+// Saves the TIFF file "line.tif" to the current sketch's folder
+save("line.tif");
+line(width, 0, 0, height);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..82136d8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(0, 0, mouseX, height);
+  line(width, 0, 0, mouseY);
+}
+void mousePressed() {
+  save("line.tif");
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6d9aca159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Save the first 50 frames
+float x = 33;
+float numFrames = 50;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  x += random(-2, 2);
+  ellipse(x, 50, 40, 40);
+  if (frameCount <= numFrames) {
+    saveFrame("circles-####.tif");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5c51a4916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Save 24 frames, from x-1000.tif to x-1023.tif
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+  if ((frameCount > 99) && (frameCount < 1024)) {
+    saveFrame("x-####.tif");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9781d98ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 31-42/41 Output 1/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// Save every fifth frame (i.e., x-0005.tif, x-0005.tif, x-0010.tif)
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  line(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY);
+  if ((frameCount % 5) == 0) {
+    saveFrame("x-####.tif");
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1e16e7107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+int x = 33;
+int y = 50;
+int diameter = 30;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d127da35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Spot sp; // Declare the object
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  sp = new Spot(); // Construct the object
+  sp.x = 33; // Assign 33 to the x field
+  sp.y = 50; // Assign 50 to the y field
+  sp.diameter = 30; // Assign 30 to the diameter field
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  ellipse(sp.x, sp.y, sp.diameter, sp.diameter);
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8e9cd706a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Spot sp; // Declare the object
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  sp = new Spot(); // Construct the object
+  sp.x = 33;
+  sp.y = 50;
+  sp.diameter = 30;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  sp.display();
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y, diameter;
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98814ec72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Spot sp; // Declare the object
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  sp = new Spot(33, 50, 30); // Construct the object
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  sp.display();
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y, diameter;
+
+  Spot(float xpos, float ypos, float dia) {
+    x = xpos; // Assign 33 to x
+    y = ypos; // Assign 50 to y
+    diameter = dia; // Assign 30 to diameter
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..188240b18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class Spot {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  float speed; // Distance moved each frame
+  int direction = 1; // Direction of motion (1 is down, -1 is up)
+
+  // Constructor
+  Spot(float xpos, float ypos, float dia, float sp) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    diameter = dia;
+    speed = sp;
+  }
+
+  void move() {
+    y += (speed * direction);
+    if ((y > (height - diameter / 2)) || (y < diameter / 2)) {
+      direction *= -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..faa47a70b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+Spot sp; // Declare the object
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  sp = new Spot(33, 50, 30, 1.5); // Construct the object
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 15);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  sp.move();
+  sp.display();
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  float speed; // Distance moved each frame
+  int direction = 1; // Direction of motion (1 is down, -1 is up)
+
+  // Constructor
+  Spot(float xpos, float ypos, float dia, float sp) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    diameter = dia;
+    speed = sp;
+  }
+
+  void move() {
+    y += (speed * direction);
+    if ((y > (height - diameter / 2)) || (y < diameter / 2)) {
+      direction *= -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..cd31bc1f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+Spot sp1, sp2, sp3; // Declare the objects
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  sp1 = new Spot(20, 50, 40, 0.5); // Construct sp1
+  sp2 = new Spot(50, 50, 10, 2.0); // Construct sp2
+  sp3 = new Spot(80, 50, 30, 1.5); // Construct sp3
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 15);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  sp1.move();
+  sp2.move();
+  sp3.move();
+  sp1.display();
+  sp2.display();
+  sp3.display();
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  float speed; // Distance moved each frame
+  int direction = 1; // Direction of motion (1 is down, -1 is up)
+
+  // Constructor
+  Spot(float xpos, float ypos, float dia, float sp) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    diameter = dia;
+    speed = sp;
+  }
+
+  void move() {
+    y += (speed * direction);
+    if ((y > (height - diameter / 2)) || (y < diameter / 2)) {
+      direction *= -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dac8bfe21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+class Egg {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float tilt; // Left and right angle offset
+  float angle; // Used to define the tilt
+  float scalar; // Height of the egg
+  
+  // Constructor
+  Egg(int xpos, int ypos, float t, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    tilt = t;
+    scalar = s / 100.0;
+  }
+
+  void wobble() {
+    tilt = cos(angle) / 8;
+    angle += 0.1;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(255);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(tilt);
+    scale(scalar);
+    beginShape();
+    vertex(0, -100);
+    bezierVertex(25, -100, 40, -65, 40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(40, -15, 25, 0, 0, 0);
+    bezierVertex(-25, 0, -40, -15, -40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(-40, -65, -25, -100, 0, -100);
+    endShape();
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..85f36def1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+Egg humpty; // Declare the object
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+// Inputs: x-coordinate, y-coordinate, tilt, height
+  humpty = new Egg(50, 100, PI / 32, 80);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  humpty.wobble();
+  humpty.display();
+}
+
+class Egg {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float tilt; // Left and right angle offset
+  float angle; // Used to define the tilt
+  float scalar; // Height of the egg
+  
+  // Constructor
+  Egg(int xpos, int ypos, float t, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    tilt = t;
+    scalar = s / 100.0;
+  }
+
+  void wobble() {
+    tilt = cos(angle) / 8;
+    angle += 0.1;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(255);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(tilt);
+    scale(scalar);
+    beginShape();
+    vertex(0, -100);
+    bezierVertex(25, -100, 40, -65, 40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(40, -15, 25, 0, 0, 0);
+    bezierVertex(-25, 0, -40, -15, -40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(-40, -65, -25, -100, 0, -100);
+    endShape();
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4c5f47eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+int numSpots = 6;
+// Declare and create the array
+Spot[] spots = new Spot[numSpots];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  for (int i = 0; i < spots.length; i++) {
+    float x = 10 + i * 16;
+    float rate = 0.5 + i * 0.05;
+// Create each object
+    spots[i] = new Spot(x, 50, 16, rate);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  for (int i = 0; i < spots.length; i++) {
+    spots[i].move(); // Move each object
+    spots[i].display(); // Display each object
+  }
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  float speed; // Distance moved each frame
+  int direction = 1; // Direction of motion (1 is down, -1 is up)
+
+  // Constructor
+  Spot(float xpos, float ypos, float dia, float sp) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    diameter = dia;
+    speed = sp;
+  }
+
+  void move() {
+    y += (speed * direction);
+    if ((y > (height - diameter / 2)) || (y < diameter / 2)) {
+      direction *= -1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
+
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47a8b20bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+class Ring {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the ring
+  boolean on = false; // Turns the display on and off
+
+  void start(float xpos, float ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    on = true;
+    diameter = 1;
+  }
+
+  void grow() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      diameter += 0.5;
+      if (diameter > 400) {
+        on = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      noFill();
+      strokeWeight(4);
+      stroke(15, 153);
+      ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f3ba8257c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/43 Structure 4/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+Ring[] rings; // Declare the array
+int numRings = 50;
+int currentRing = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  rings = new Ring[numRings]; // Create the array
+  for (int i = 0; i < numRings; i++) {
+    rings[i] = new Ring(); // Create each object
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numRings; i++) {
+    rings[i].grow();
+    rings[i].display();
+  }
+}
+
+// Click to create a new Ring
+void mousePressed() {
+  rings[currentRing].start(mouseX, mouseY);
+  currentRing++;
+  if (currentRing >= numRings) {
+    currentRing = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+class Ring {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the ring
+  boolean on = false; // Turns the display on and off
+
+  void start(float xpos, float ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    on = true;
+    diameter = 1;
+  }
+
+  void grow() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      diameter += 0.5;
+      if (diameter > 400) {
+        on = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      noFill();
+      strokeWeight(4);
+      stroke(15, 153);
+      ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9659cf1c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  float s = dist(mouseX, mouseY, pmouseX, pmouseY) + 1;
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0, 102);
+  ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, s, s);
+  stroke(255);
+  point(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6bb961cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+int angle = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0, 102);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+// Draw only when mouse is pressed
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    angle += 10;
+    float val = cos(radians(angle)) * 6.0;
+    for (int a = 0; a < 360; a += 75) {
+      float xoff = cos(radians(a)) * val;
+      float yoff = sin(radians(a)) * val;
+      fill(0);
+      ellipse(mouseX + xoff, mouseY + yoff, val / 2, val / 2);
+    }
+    fill(255);
+    ellipse(mouseX, mouseY, 2, 2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78845ddcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Blade diagonal;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  diagonal = new Blade(30, 80);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  diagonal.grow();
+}
+
+void mouseMoved() {
+  diagonal.seed(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
+
+class Blade {
+  float x, y;
+  Blade(int xpos, int ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+  }
+  void seed(int xpos, int ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+  }
+  void grow() {
+    x += 0.5;
+    y -= 1.0;
+    point(x, y);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e85a5bf81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+float x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  x1 = width / 4.0;
+  y1 = x1;
+  x2 = width - x1;
+  y2 = x2;
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  x1 += random(-0.5, 0.5);
+  y1 += random(-0.5, 0.5);
+  x2 += random(-0.5, 0.5);
+  y2 += random(-0.5, 0.5);
+  line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9c310d4cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+int numLines = 500;
+MovingLine[] lines = new MovingLine[numLines];
+int currentLine = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  frameRate(30);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numLines; i++) {
+    lines[i] = new MovingLine();
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  for (int i = 0; i < currentLine; i++) {
+    lines[i].display();
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  lines[currentLine].setPosition(mouseX, mouseY,
+                                 pmouseX, pmouseY);
+  if (currentLine < numLines - 1) {
+    currentLine++;
+  }
+}
+
+class MovingLine {
+  float x1, y1, x2, y2;
+
+  void setPosition(int x, int y, int px, int py) {
+    x1 = x;
+    y1 = y;
+    x2 = px;
+    y2 = py;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    x1 += random(-0.1, 0.1);
+    y1 += random(-0.1, 0.1);
+    x2 += random(-0.1, 0.1);
+    y2 += random(-0.1, 0.1);
+    line(x1, y1, x2, y2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--0775.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--0775.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d12b4c3c
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--0775.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--1287.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--1287.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6809749fb
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--1287.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--2208.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--2208.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e67028578
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--2208.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--6438.tif b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--6438.tif
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6218b499
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/44-06--6438.tif differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3197cc0a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/44 Drawing 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+int currentFrame = 0;
+PImage[] frames = new PImage[12];
+int lastTime = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  strokeWeight(4);
+  smooth();
+  background(204);
+  for (int i = 0; i < frames.length; i++) {
+    frames[i] = get(); // Create a blank frame
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int currentTime = millis();
+  if (currentTime > lastTime + 100) {
+    nextFrame();
+    lastTime = currentTime;
+  }
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    line(pmouseX, pmouseY, mouseX, mouseY);
+  }
+}
+
+void nextFrame() {
+  frames[currentFrame] = get(); // Get the display window
+  currentFrame++; // Increment to next frame
+  if (currentFrame >= frames.length) {
+    currentFrame = 0;
+  }
+  image(frames[currentFrame], 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4a5abc28d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+// Prints "tab     space"
+println("tab\tspace");
+// Prints each word after "\n" on a new line:
+// line1
+// line2
+// line3
+println("line1\nline2\nline3");
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5366abe32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+println(nf(200, 10)); // Prints "0000000200"
+println(nf(40, 5)); // Prints "00040"
+println(nf(90, 3)); // Prints "090"
+println(nf(200.94, 10, 4)); // Prints "0000000200.9400"
+println(nf(40.2, 5, 3)); // Prints "00040.200"
+println(nf(9.012, 3, 5)); // Prints "009.01200"
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..20eb0a6f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+int[] x = new int[0];
+int[] y = new int[0];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  stroke(0);
+  noFill();
+  beginShape();
+  for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+    vertex(x[i], y[i]);
+  }
+  endShape();
+// Show the next segment to be added
+  if (x.length >= 1) {
+    stroke(255);
+    line(mouseX, mouseY, x[x.length-1], y[x.length-1]);
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() { // Click to add a line segment
+  x = append(x, mouseX);
+  y = append(y, mouseY);
+}
+
+void keyPressed() { // Press a key to save the data
+  String[] lines = new String[x.length];
+  for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
+    lines[i] = x[i] + "\t" + y[i];
+  }
+  saveStrings("lines.txt", lines);
+  exit(); // Stop the program
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_03/lines.txt b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_03/lines.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c8304391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_03/lines.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+29	1
+68	80
+60	22
+27	71
+35	27
+90	22
+75	77
+33	94
+27	71
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f33aea6f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+PrintWriter output;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  // Create a new file in the sketch directory
+  output = createWriter("positions.txt");
+  frameRate(12);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (mousePressed) {
+    point(mouseX, mouseY);
+    // Write the coordinate to a file with a
+    // "\t" (TAB character) between each entry
+    output.println(mouseX + "\t" + mouseY);
+  }
+}
+
+void keyPressed() { // Press a key to save the data
+  output.flush(); // Write the remaining data
+  output.close(); // Finish the file
+  exit(); // Stop the program
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..31274ad55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+PFont font;
+String letters = "";
+PrintWriter output;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  fill(0);
+  font = loadFont("Eureka-24.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  // Create a new file in the sketch directory
+  output = createWriter("words.txt");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  text(letters, 5, 50);
+}
+
+void keyPressed() {
+  if (key == ' ') { // Spacebar pressed
+    output.println(letters); // Write data to words.txt
+    letters = ""; // Clear the letter String
+  } else {
+    letters = letters + key;
+  }
+  if (key == ENTER) {
+    output.flush(); // Write the remaining data
+    output.close(); // Finish the file
+    exit(); // Stop the program
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/data/Eureka-24.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/data/Eureka-24.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d827a031f
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/data/Eureka-24.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/words.txt b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/45 Output 2/_05/words.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a62f84313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+String[] lines = loadStrings("positions.txt");
+
+for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+// Split this line into pieces at each tab character
+  String[] pieces = split(lines[i], '\t');
+// Take action only if there are two values on the line
+// (this will avoid blank or incomplete lines)
+  if (pieces.length == 2) {
+    int x = int(pieces[0]);
+    int y = int(pieces[1]);
+    point(x, y);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_01/data/positions.txt b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_01/data/positions.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b8ff2e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_01/data/positions.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+70	35
+69	35
+68	39
+67	42
+66	47
+64	51
+64	54
+63	57
+60	60
+58	64
+51	69
+48	72
+44	73
+39	75
+35	75
+30	75
+25	75
+21	75
+17	73
+13	69
+12	66
+11	61
+11	57
+10	49
+10	45
+10	38
+12	32
+13	29
+16	23
+20	19
+24	16
+27	15
+31	13
+33	13
+37	13
+40	15
+42	16
+45	19
+46	21
+47	24
+48	26
+48	29
+48	33
+47	39
+43	45
+42	47
+38	50
+35	51
+32	51
+30	51
+27	50
+27	50
+26	46
+26	41
+29	36
+30	34
+31	33
+31	33
+32	33
+33	33
+34	33
+34	33
+35	33
+37	33
+39	33
+42	32
+44	31
+46	29
+48	29
+49	27
+52	24
+53	23
+57	19
+61	16
+63	14
+67	13
+69	12
+69	12
+77	11
+77	11
+80	11
+86	16
+90	21
+93	25
+95	29
+95	32
+95	33
+95	37
+94	41
+93	44
+92	46
+91	49
+89	51
+87	55
+85	59
+82	62
+80	64
+79	67
+77	69
+74	71
+68	72
+65	73
+63	73
+62	73
+60	72
+58	69
+57	67
+57	66
+56	60
+56	56
+56	54
+58	49
+60	47
+62	47
+63	47
+67	48
+70	52
+73	55
+74	57
+74	58
+74	60
+74	62
+73	65
+70	68
+67	69
+65	70
+63	70
+62	70
+60	68
+57	65
+55	64
+50	62
+46	61
+40	60
+38	60
+36	60
+32	61
+30	62
+27	64
+26	68
+25	71
+25	77
+25	81
+26	84
+28	86
+31	87
+33	88
+36	88
+39	86
+41	85
+43	83
+44	81
+45	76
+45	74
+45	71
+40	67
+37	65
+34	63
+33	61
+33	61
+32	60
+33	49
+37	45
+41	41
+45	39
+47	38
+51	37
+54	37
+58	38
+61	41
+63	44
+65	46
+66	49
+66	51
+67	55
+67	58
+67	60
+66	62
+64	65
+63	66
+61	67
+60	68
+58	68
+55	69
+54	69
+51	69
+48	69
+46	68
+45	66
+44	65
+44	63
+44	61
+44	59
+44	56
+44	55
+45	53
+47	52
+49	50
+50	48
+51	47
+52	46
+54	46
+55	45
+55	45
+56	44
+57	44
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d8680996c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String s = "a, b";
+String[] p = split(s, ", ");
+println(p[0]); // Prints "a"
+println(p[1]); // Prints "b"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3671d0350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+String t = "a b";
+String[] q = splitTokens(t);
+println(q[0]); // Prints "a"
+println(q[1]); // Prints "b"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..61859e11e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+String s = "a, b c ,,d "; // Despite the bad formatting,
+String[] p = splitTokens(s, ", "); // the data is parsed correctly
+println(p[0]); // Prints "a"
+println(p[1]); // Prints "b"
+println(p[2]); // Prints "c"
+println(p[3]); // Prints "d"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..24d9ada27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+String[] lines;
+int index = 0;
+
+void setup() {
+  lines = loadStrings("positions.txt");
+  frameRate(12);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (index < lines.length) {
+    String[] pieces = split(lines[index], '\t');
+    if (pieces.length == 2) {
+      int x = int(pieces[0]);
+      int y = int(pieces[1]);
+      point(x, y);
+    }
+    // Go to the next line for the next run through draw()
+    index = index + 1;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_05/data/positions.txt b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_05/data/positions.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3b8ff2e23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_05/data/positions.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+70	35
+69	35
+68	39
+67	42
+66	47
+64	51
+64	54
+63	57
+60	60
+58	64
+51	69
+48	72
+44	73
+39	75
+35	75
+30	75
+25	75
+21	75
+17	73
+13	69
+12	66
+11	61
+11	57
+10	49
+10	45
+10	38
+12	32
+13	29
+16	23
+20	19
+24	16
+27	15
+31	13
+33	13
+37	13
+40	15
+42	16
+45	19
+46	21
+47	24
+48	26
+48	29
+48	33
+47	39
+43	45
+42	47
+38	50
+35	51
+32	51
+30	51
+27	50
+27	50
+26	46
+26	41
+29	36
+30	34
+31	33
+31	33
+32	33
+33	33
+34	33
+34	33
+35	33
+37	33
+39	33
+42	32
+44	31
+46	29
+48	29
+49	27
+52	24
+53	23
+57	19
+61	16
+63	14
+67	13
+69	12
+69	12
+77	11
+77	11
+80	11
+86	16
+90	21
+93	25
+95	29
+95	32
+95	33
+95	37
+94	41
+93	44
+92	46
+91	49
+89	51
+87	55
+85	59
+82	62
+80	64
+79	67
+77	69
+74	71
+68	72
+65	73
+63	73
+62	73
+60	72
+58	69
+57	67
+57	66
+56	60
+56	56
+56	54
+58	49
+60	47
+62	47
+63	47
+67	48
+70	52
+73	55
+74	57
+74	58
+74	60
+74	62
+73	65
+70	68
+67	69
+65	70
+63	70
+62	70
+60	68
+57	65
+55	64
+50	62
+46	61
+40	60
+38	60
+36	60
+32	61
+30	62
+27	64
+26	68
+25	71
+25	77
+25	81
+26	84
+28	86
+31	87
+33	88
+36	88
+39	86
+41	85
+43	83
+44	81
+45	76
+45	74
+45	71
+40	67
+37	65
+34	63
+33	61
+33	61
+32	60
+33	49
+37	45
+41	41
+45	39
+47	38
+51	37
+54	37
+58	38
+61	41
+63	44
+65	46
+66	49
+66	51
+67	55
+67	58
+67	60
+66	62
+64	65
+63	66
+61	67
+60	68
+58	68
+55	69
+54	69
+51	69
+48	69
+46	68
+45	66
+44	65
+44	63
+44	61
+44	59
+44	56
+44	55
+45	53
+47	52
+49	50
+50	48
+51	47
+52	46
+54	46
+55	45
+55	45
+56	44
+57	44
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..2c380b7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Record[] records;
+int recordCount;
+
+void setup() {
+  String[] lines = loadStrings("cars2.tsv");
+  records = new Record[lines.length];
+  for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    String[] pieces = split(lines[i], '\t'); // Load data into array
+    if (pieces.length == 9) {
+      records[recordCount] = new Record(pieces);
+      recordCount++;
+    }
+  }
+  for (int i = 0; i < recordCount; i++) {
+    println(i + " -> " + records[i].name); // Print name to console
+  }
+}
+
+class Record {
+  String name;
+  float mpg;
+  int cylinders;
+  float displacement;
+  float horsepower;
+  float weight;
+  float acceleration;
+  int year;
+  float origin;
+  public Record(String[] pieces) {
+    name = pieces[0];
+    mpg = float(pieces[1]);
+    cylinders = int(pieces[2]);
+    displacement = float(pieces[3]);
+    horsepower = float(pieces[4]);
+    weight = float(pieces[5]);
+    acceleration = float(pieces[6]);
+    year = int(pieces[7]);
+    origin = float(pieces[8]);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_06/data/cars2.tsv b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_06/data/cars2.tsv
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4beddafbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_06/data/cars2.tsv	
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+chevrolet chevelle malibu	18	8	307	130	3504	12	70	1
buick skylark 320	15	8	350	165	3693	11.5	70	1
plymouth satellite	18	8	318	150	3436	11	70	1
amc rebel sst	16	8	304	150	3433	12	70	1
ford torino	17	8	302	140	3449	10.5	70	1
ford galaxie 500	15	8	429	198	4341	10	70	1
chevrolet impala	14	8	454	220	4354	9	70	1
plymouth fury iii	14	8	440	215	4312	8.5	70	1
pontiac catalina	14	8	455	225	4425	10	70	1
amc ambassador dpl	15	8	390	190	3850	8.5	70	1
citroen ds-21 pallas	NA	4	133	115	3090	17.5	70	2
chevrolet chevelle concours (sw)	NA	8	350	165	4142	11.5	70	1
ford torino (sw)	NA	8	351	153	4034	11	70	1
plymouth satellite (sw)	NA	8	383	175	4166	10.5	70	1
amc rebel sst (sw)	NA	8	360	175	3850	11	70	1
dodge challenger se	15	8	383	170	3563	10	70	1
plymouth 'cuda 340	14	8	340	160	3609	8	70	1
ford mustang boss 302	NA	8	302	140	3353	8	70	1
chevrolet monte carlo	15	8	400	150	3761	9.5	70	1
buick estate wagon (sw)	14	8	455	225	3086	10	70	1
toyota corona mark ii	24	4	113	95	2372	15	70	3
plymouth duster	22	6	198	95	2833	15.5	70	1
amc hornet	18	6	199	97	2774	15.5	70	1
ford maverick	21	6	200	85	2587	16	70	1
datsun pl510	27	4	97	88	2130	14.5	70	3
volkswagen 1131 deluxe sedan	26	4	97	46	1835	20.5	70	2
peugeot 504	25	4	110	87	2672	17.5	70	2
audi 100 ls	24	4	107	90	2430	14.5	70	2
saab 99e	25	4	104	95	2375	17.5	70	2
bmw 2002	26	4	121	113	2234	12.5	70	2
amc gremlin	21	6	199	90	2648	15	70	1
ford f250	10	8	360	215	4615	14	70	1
chevy c20	10	8	307	200	4376	15	70	1
dodge d200	11	8	318	210	4382	13.5	70	1
hi 1200d	9	8	304	193	4732	18.5	70	1
datsun pl510	27	4	97	88	2130	14.5	71	3
chevrolet vega 2300	28	4	140	90	2264	15.5	71	1
toyota corona	25	4	113	95	2228	14	71	3
ford pinto	25	4	98	NA	2046	19	71	1
volkswagen super beetle 117	NA	4	97	48	1978	20	71	2
amc gremlin	19	6	232	100	2634	13	71	1
plymouth satellite custom	16	6	225	105	3439	15.5	71	1
chevrolet chevelle malibu	17	6	250	100	3329	15.5	71	1
ford torino 500	19	6	250	88	3302	15.5	71	1
amc matador	18	6	232	100	3288	15.5	71	1
chevrolet impala	14	8	350	165	4209	12	71	1
pontiac catalina brougham	14	8	400	175	4464	11.5	71	1
ford galaxie 500	14	8	351	153	4154	13.5	71	1
plymouth fury iii	14	8	318	150	4096	13	71	1
dodge monaco (sw)	12	8	383	180	4955	11.5	71	1
ford country squire (sw)	13	8	400	170	4746	12	71	1
pontiac safari (sw)	13	8	400	175	5140	12	71	1
amc hornet sportabout (sw)	18	6	258	110	2962	13.5	71	1
chevrolet vega (sw)	22	4	140	72	2408	19	71	1
pontiac firebird	19	6	250	100	3282	15	71	1
ford mustang	18	6	250	88	3139	14.5	71	1
mercury capri 2000	23	4	122	86	2220	14	71	1
opel 1900	28	4	116	90	2123	14	71	2
peugeot 304	30	4	79	70	2074	19.5	71	2
fiat 124b	30	4	88	76	2065	14.5	71	2
toyota corolla 1200	31	4	71	65	1773	19	71	3
datsun 1200	35	4	72	69	1613	18	71	3
volkswagen model 111	27	4	97	60	1834	19	71	2
plymouth cricket	26	4	91	70	1955	20.5	71	1
toyota corona hardtop	24	4	113	95	2278	15.5	72	3
dodge colt hardtop	25	4	97.5	80	2126	17	72	1
volkswagen type 3	23	4	97	54	2254	23.5	72	2
chevrolet vega	20	4	140	90	2408	19.5	72	1
ford pinto runabout	21	4	122	86	2226	16.5	72	1
chevrolet impala	13	8	350	165	4274	12	72	1
pontiac catalina	14	8	400	175	4385	12	72	1
plymouth fury iii	15	8	318	150	4135	13.5	72	1
ford galaxie 500	14	8	351	153	4129	13	72	1
amc ambassador sst	17	8	304	150	3672	11.5	72	1
mercury marquis	11	8	429	208	4633	11	72	1
buick lesabre custom	13	8	350	155	4502	13.5	72	1
oldsmobile delta 88 royale	12	8	350	160	4456	13.5	72	1
chrysler newport royal	13	8	400	190	4422	12.5	72	1
mazda rx2 coupe	19	3	70	97	2330	13.5	72	3
amc matador (sw)	15	8	304	150	3892	12.5	72	1
chevrolet chevelle concours (sw)	13	8	307	130	4098	14	72	1
ford gran torino (sw)	13	8	302	140	4294	16	72	1
plymouth satellite custom (sw)	14	8	318	150	4077	14	72	1
volvo 145e (sw)	18	4	121	112	2933	14.5	72	2
volkswagen 411 (sw)	22	4	121	76	2511	18	72	2
peugeot 504 (sw)	21	4	120	87	2979	19.5	72	2
renault 12 (sw)	26	4	96	69	2189	18	72	2
ford pinto (sw)	22	4	122	86	2395	16	72	1
datsun 510 (sw)	28	4	97	92	2288	17	72	3
toyouta corona mark ii (sw)	23	4	120	97	2506	14.5	72	3
dodge colt (sw)	28	4	98	80	2164	15	72	1
toyota corolla 1600 (sw)	27	4	97	88	2100	16.5	72	3
buick century 350	13	8	350	175	4100	13	73	1
amc matador	14	8	304	150	3672	11.5	73	1
chevrolet malibu	13	8	350	145	3988	13	73	1
ford gran torino	14	8	302	137	4042	14.5	73	1
dodge coronet custom	15	8	318	150	3777	12.5	73	1
mercury marquis brougham	12	8	429	198	4952	11.5	73	1
chevrolet caprice classic	13	8	400	150	4464	12	73	1
ford ltd	13	8	351	158	4363	13	73	1
plymouth fury gran sedan	14	8	318	150	4237	14.5	73	1
chrysler new yorker brougham	13	8	440	215	4735	11	73	1
buick electra 225 custom	12	8	455	225	4951	11	73	1
amc ambassador brougham	13	8	360	175	3821	11	73	1
plymouth valiant	18	6	225	105	3121	16.5	73	1
chevrolet nova custom	16	6	250	100	3278	18	73	1
amc hornet	18	6	232	100	2945	16	73	1
ford maverick	18	6	250	88	3021	16.5	73	1
plymouth duster	23	6	198	95	2904	16	73	1
volkswagen super beetle	26	4	97	46	1950	21	73	2
chevrolet impala	11	8	400	150	4997	14	73	1
ford country	12	8	400	167	4906	12.5	73	1
plymouth custom suburb	13	8	360	170	4654	13	73	1
oldsmobile vista cruiser	12	8	350	180	4499	12.5	73	1
amc gremlin	18	6	232	100	2789	15	73	1
toyota carina	20	4	97	88	2279	19	73	3
chevrolet vega	21	4	140	72	2401	19.5	73	1
datsun 610	22	4	108	94	2379	16.5	73	3
maxda rx3	18	3	70	90	2124	13.5	73	3
ford pinto	19	4	122	85	2310	18.5	73	1
mercury capri v6	21	6	155	107	2472	14	73	1
fiat 124 sport coupe	26	4	98	90	2265	15.5	73	2
chevrolet monte carlo s	15	8	350	145	4082	13	73	1
pontiac grand prix	16	8	400	230	4278	9.5	73	1
fiat 128	29	4	68	49	1867	19.5	73	2
opel manta	24	4	116	75	2158	15.5	73	2
audi 100ls	20	4	114	91	2582	14	73	2
volvo 144ea	19	4	121	112	2868	15.5	73	2
dodge dart custom	15	8	318	150	3399	11	73	1
saab 99le	24	4	121	110	2660	14	73	2
toyota mark ii	20	6	156	122	2807	13.5	73	3
oldsmobile omega	11	8	350	180	3664	11	73	1
plymouth duster	20	6	198	95	3102	16.5	74	1
ford maverick	21	6	200	NA	2875	17	74	1
amc hornet	19	6	232	100	2901	16	74	1
chevrolet nova	15	6	250	100	3336	17	74	1
datsun b210	31	4	79	67	1950	19	74	3
ford pinto	26	4	122	80	2451	16.5	74	1
toyota corolla 1200	32	4	71	65	1836	21	74	3
chevrolet vega	25	4	140	75	2542	17	74	1
chevrolet chevelle malibu classic	16	6	250	100	3781	17	74	1
amc matador	16	6	258	110	3632	18	74	1
plymouth satellite sebring	18	6	225	105	3613	16.5	74	1
ford gran torino	16	8	302	140	4141	14	74	1
buick century luxus (sw)	13	8	350	150	4699	14.5	74	1
dodge coronet custom (sw)	14	8	318	150	4457	13.5	74	1
ford gran torino (sw)	14	8	302	140	4638	16	74	1
amc matador (sw)	14	8	304	150	4257	15.5	74	1
audi fox	29	4	98	83	2219	16.5	74	2
volkswagen dasher	26	4	79	67	1963	15.5	74	2
opel manta	26	4	97	78	2300	14.5	74	2
toyota corona	31	4	76	52	1649	16.5	74	3
datsun 710	32	4	83	61	2003	19	74	3
dodge colt	28	4	90	75	2125	14.5	74	1
fiat 128	24	4	90	75	2108	15.5	74	2
fiat 124 tc	26	4	116	75	2246	14	74	2
honda civic	24	4	120	97	2489	15	74	3
subaru	26	4	108	93	2391	15.5	74	3
fiat x1.9	31	4	79	67	2000	16	74	2
plymouth valiant custom	19	6	225	95	3264	16	75	1
chevrolet nova	18	6	250	105	3459	16	75	1
mercury monarch	15	6	250	72	3432	21	75	1
ford maverick	15	6	250	72	3158	19.5	75	1
pontiac catalina	16	8	400	170	4668	11.5	75	1
chevrolet bel air	15	8	350	145	4440	14	75	1
plymouth grand fury	16	8	318	150	4498	14.5	75	1
ford ltd	14	8	351	148	4657	13.5	75	1
buick century	17	6	231	110	3907	21	75	1
chevroelt chevelle malibu	16	6	250	105	3897	18.5	75	1
amc matador	15	6	258	110	3730	19	75	1
plymouth fury	18	6	225	95	3785	19	75	1
buick skyhawk	21	6	231	110	3039	15	75	1
chevrolet monza 2+2	20	8	262	110	3221	13.5	75	1
ford mustang ii	13	8	302	129	3169	12	75	1
toyota corolla	29	4	97	75	2171	16	75	3
ford pinto	23	4	140	83	2639	17	75	1
amc gremlin	20	6	232	100	2914	16	75	1
pontiac astro	23	4	140	78	2592	18.5	75	1
toyota corona	24	4	134	96	2702	13.5	75	3
volkswagen dasher	25	4	90	71	2223	16.5	75	2
datsun 710	24	4	119	97	2545	17	75	3
ford pinto	18	6	171	97	2984	14.5	75	1
volkswagen rabbit	29	4	90	70	1937	14	75	2
amc pacer	19	6	232	90	3211	17	75	1
audi 100ls	23	4	115	95	2694	15	75	2
peugeot 504	23	4	120	88	2957	17	75	2
volvo 244dl	22	4	121	98	2945	14.5	75	2
saab 99le	25	4	121	115	2671	13.5	75	2
honda civic cvcc	33	4	91	53	1795	17.5	75	3
fiat 131	28	4	107	86	2464	15.5	76	2
opel 1900	25	4	116	81	2220	16.9	76	2
capri ii	25	4	140	92	2572	14.9	76	1
dodge colt	26	4	98	79	2255	17.7	76	1
renault 12tl	27	4	101	83	2202	15.3	76	2
chevrolet chevelle malibu classic	17.5	8	305	140	4215	13	76	1
dodge coronet brougham	16	8	318	150	4190	13	76	1
amc matador	15.5	8	304	120	3962	13.9	76	1
ford gran torino	14.5	8	351	152	4215	12.8	76	1
plymouth valiant	22	6	225	100	3233	15.4	76	1
chevrolet nova	22	6	250	105	3353	14.5	76	1
ford maverick	24	6	200	81	3012	17.6	76	1
amc hornet	22.5	6	232	90	3085	17.6	76	1
chevrolet chevette	29	4	85	52	2035	22.2	76	1
chevrolet woody	24.5	4	98	60	2164	22.1	76	1
vw rabbit	29	4	90	70	1937	14.2	76	2
honda civic	33	4	91	53	1795	17.4	76	3
dodge aspen se	20	6	225	100	3651	17.7	76	1
ford granada ghia	18	6	250	78	3574	21	76	1
pontiac ventura sj	18.5	6	250	110	3645	16.2	76	1
amc pacer d/l	17.5	6	258	95	3193	17.8	76	1
volkswagen rabbit	29.5	4	97	71	1825	12.2	76	2
datsun b-210	32	4	85	70	1990	17	76	3
toyota corolla	28	4	97	75	2155	16.4	76	3
ford pinto	26.5	4	140	72	2565	13.6	76	1
volvo 245	20	4	130	102	3150	15.7	76	2
plymouth volare premier v8	13	8	318	150	3940	13.2	76	1
peugeot 504	19	4	120	88	3270	21.9	76	2
toyota mark ii	19	6	156	108	2930	15.5	76	3
mercedes-benz 280s	16.5	6	168	120	3820	16.7	76	2
cadillac seville	16.5	8	350	180	4380	12.1	76	1
chevy c10	13	8	350	145	4055	12	76	1
ford f108	13	8	302	130	3870	15	76	1
dodge d100	13	8	318	150	3755	14	76	1
honda accord cvcc	31.5	4	98	68	2045	18.5	77	3
buick opel isuzu deluxe	30	4	111	80	2155	14.8	77	1
renault 5 gtl	36	4	79	58	1825	18.6	77	2
plymouth arrow gs	25.5	4	122	96	2300	15.5	77	1
datsun f-10 hatchback	33.5	4	85	70	1945	16.8	77	3
chevrolet caprice classic	17.5	8	305	145	3880	12.5	77	1
oldsmobile cutlass supreme	17	8	260	110	4060	19	77	1
dodge monaco brougham	15.5	8	318	145	4140	13.7	77	1
mercury cougar brougham	15	8	302	130	4295	14.9	77	1
chevrolet concours	17.5	6	250	110	3520	16.4	77	1
buick skylark	20.5	6	231	105	3425	16.9	77	1
plymouth volare custom	19	6	225	100	3630	17.7	77	1
ford granada	18.5	6	250	98	3525	19	77	1
pontiac grand prix lj	16	8	400	180	4220	11.1	77	1
chevrolet monte carlo landau	15.5	8	350	170	4165	11.4	77	1
chrysler cordoba	15.5	8	400	190	4325	12.2	77	1
ford thunderbird	16	8	351	149	4335	14.5	77	1
volkswagen rabbit custom	29	4	97	78	1940	14.5	77	2
pontiac sunbird coupe	24.5	4	151	88	2740	16	77	1
toyota corolla liftback	26	4	97	75	2265	18.2	77	3
ford mustang ii 2+2	25.5	4	140	89	2755	15.8	77	1
chevrolet chevette	30.5	4	98	63	2051	17	77	1
dodge colt m/m	33.5	4	98	83	2075	15.9	77	1
subaru dl	30	4	97	67	1985	16.4	77	3
volkswagen dasher	30.5	4	97	78	2190	14.1	77	2
datsun 810	22	6	146	97	2815	14.5	77	3
bmw 320i	21.5	4	121	110	2600	12.8	77	2
mazda rx-4	21.5	3	80	110	2720	13.5	77	3
volkswagen rabbit custom diesel	43.1	4	90	48	1985	21.5	78	2
ford fiesta	36.1	4	98	66	1800	14.4	78	1
mazda glc deluxe	32.8	4	78	52	1985	19.4	78	3
datsun b210 gx	39.4	4	85	70	2070	18.6	78	3
honda civic cvcc	36.1	4	91	60	1800	16.4	78	3
oldsmobile cutlass salon brougham	19.9	8	260	110	3365	15.5	78	1
dodge diplomat	19.4	8	318	140	3735	13.2	78	1
mercury monarch ghia	20.2	8	302	139	3570	12.8	78	1
pontiac phoenix lj	19.2	6	231	105	3535	19.2	78	1
chevrolet malibu	20.5	6	200	95	3155	18.2	78	1
ford fairmont (auto)	20.2	6	200	85	2965	15.8	78	1
ford fairmont (man)	25.1	4	140	88	2720	15.4	78	1
plymouth volare	20.5	6	225	100	3430	17.2	78	1
amc concord	19.4	6	232	90	3210	17.2	78	1
buick century special	20.6	6	231	105	3380	15.8	78	1
mercury zephyr	20.8	6	200	85	3070	16.7	78	1
dodge aspen	18.6	6	225	110	3620	18.7	78	1
amc concord d/l	18.1	6	258	120	3410	15.1	78	1
chevrolet monte carlo landau	19.2	8	305	145	3425	13.2	78	1
buick regal sport coupe (turbo)	17.7	6	231	165	3445	13.4	78	1
ford futura	18.1	8	302	139	3205	11.2	78	1
dodge magnum xe	17.5	8	318	140	4080	13.7	78	1
chevrolet chevette	30	4	98	68	2155	16.5	78	1
toyota corona	27.5	4	134	95	2560	14.2	78	3
datsun 510	27.2	4	119	97	2300	14.7	78	3
dodge omni	30.9	4	105	75	2230	14.5	78	1
toyota celica gt liftback	21.1	4	134	95	2515	14.8	78	3
plymouth sapporo	23.2	4	156	105	2745	16.7	78	1
oldsmobile starfire sx	23.8	4	151	85	2855	17.6	78	1
datsun 200-sx	23.9	4	119	97	2405	14.9	78	3
audi 5000	20.3	5	131	103	2830	15.9	78	2
volvo 264gl	17	6	163	125	3140	13.6	78	2
saab 99gle	21.6	4	121	115	2795	15.7	78	2
peugeot 604sl	16.2	6	163	133	3410	15.8	78	2
volkswagen scirocco	31.5	4	89	71	1990	14.9	78	2
honda accord lx	29.5	4	98	68	2135	16.6	78	3
pontiac lemans v6	21.5	6	231	115	3245	15.4	79	1
mercury zephyr 6	19.8	6	200	85	2990	18.2	79	1
ford fairmont 4	22.3	4	140	88	2890	17.3	79	1
amc concord dl 6	20.2	6	232	90	3265	18.2	79	1
dodge aspen 6	20.6	6	225	110	3360	16.6	79	1
chevrolet caprice classic	17	8	305	130	3840	15.4	79	1
ford ltd landau	17.6	8	302	129	3725	13.4	79	1
mercury grand marquis	16.5	8	351	138	3955	13.2	79	1
dodge st. regis	18.2	8	318	135	3830	15.2	79	1
buick estate wagon (sw)	16.9	8	350	155	4360	14.9	79	1
ford country squire (sw)	15.5	8	351	142	4054	14.3	79	1
chevrolet malibu classic (sw)	19.2	8	267	125	3605	15	79	1
chrysler lebaron town @ country (sw)	18.5	8	360	150	3940	13	79	1
vw rabbit custom	31.9	4	89	71	1925	14	79	2
maxda glc deluxe	34.1	4	86	65	1975	15.2	79	3
dodge colt hatchback custom	35.7	4	98	80	1915	14.4	79	1
amc spirit dl	27.4	4	121	80	2670	15	79	1
mercedes benz 300d	25.4	5	183	77	3530	20.1	79	2
cadillac eldorado	23	8	350	125	3900	17.4	79	1
peugeot 504	27.2	4	141	71	3190	24.8	79	2
oldsmobile cutlass salon brougham	23.9	8	260	90	3420	22.2	79	1
plymouth horizon	34.2	4	105	70	2200	13.2	79	1
plymouth horizon tc3	34.5	4	105	70	2150	14.9	79	1
datsun 210	31.8	4	85	65	2020	19.2	79	3
fiat strada custom	37.3	4	91	69	2130	14.7	79	2
buick skylark limited	28.4	4	151	90	2670	16	79	1
chevrolet citation	28.8	6	173	115	2595	11.3	79	1
oldsmobile omega brougham	26.8	6	173	115	2700	12.9	79	1
pontiac phoenix	33.5	4	151	90	2556	13.2	79	1
vw rabbit	41.5	4	98	76	2144	14.7	80	2
toyota corolla tercel	38.1	4	89	60	1968	18.8	80	3
chevrolet chevette	32.1	4	98	70	2120	15.5	80	1
datsun 310	37.2	4	86	65	2019	16.4	80	3
chevrolet citation	28	4	151	90	2678	16.5	80	1
ford fairmont	26.4	4	140	88	2870	18.1	80	1
amc concord	24.3	4	151	90	3003	20.1	80	1
dodge aspen	19.1	6	225	90	3381	18.7	80	1
audi 4000	34.3	4	97	78	2188	15.8	80	2
toyota corona liftback	29.8	4	134	90	2711	15.5	80	3
mazda 626	31.3	4	120	75	2542	17.5	80	3
datsun 510 hatchback	37	4	119	92	2434	15	80	3
toyota corolla	32.2	4	108	75	2265	15.2	80	3
mazda glc	46.6	4	86	65	2110	17.9	80	3
dodge colt	27.9	4	156	105	2800	14.4	80	1
datsun 210	40.8	4	85	65	2110	19.2	80	3
vw rabbit c (diesel)	44.3	4	90	48	2085	21.7	80	2
vw dasher (diesel)	43.4	4	90	48	2335	23.7	80	2
audi 5000s (diesel)	36.4	5	121	67	2950	19.9	80	2
mercedes-benz 240d	30	4	146	67	3250	21.8	80	2
honda civic 1500 gl	44.6	4	91	67	1850	13.8	80	3
renault lecar deluxe	40.9	4	85	NA	1835	17.3	80	2
subaru dl	33.8	4	97	67	2145	18	80	3
vokswagen rabbit	29.8	4	89	62	1845	15.3	80	2
datsun 280-zx	32.7	6	168	132	2910	11.4	80	3
mazda rx-7 gs	23.7	3	70	100	2420	12.5	80	3
triumph tr7 coupe	35	4	122	88	2500	15.1	80	2
ford mustang cobra	23.6	4	140	NA	2905	14.3	80	1
honda accord	32.4	4	107	72	2290	17	80	3
plymouth reliant	27.2	4	135	84	2490	15.7	81	1
buick skylark	26.6	4	151	84	2635	16.4	81	1
dodge aries wagon (sw)	25.8	4	156	92	2620	14.4	81	1
chevrolet citation	23.5	6	173	110	2725	12.6	81	1
plymouth reliant	30	4	135	84	2385	12.9	81	1
toyota starlet	39.1	4	79	58	1755	16.9	81	3
plymouth champ	39	4	86	64	1875	16.4	81	1
honda civic 1300	35.1	4	81	60	1760	16.1	81	3
subaru	32.3	4	97	67	2065	17.8	81	3
datsun 210 mpg	37	4	85	65	1975	19.4	81	3
toyota tercel	37.7	4	89	62	2050	17.3	81	3
mazda glc 4	34.1	4	91	68	1985	16	81	3
plymouth horizon 4	34.7	4	105	63	2215	14.9	81	1
ford escort 4w	34.4	4	98	65	2045	16.2	81	1
ford escort 2h	29.9	4	98	65	2380	20.7	81	1
volkswagen jetta	33	4	105	74	2190	14.2	81	2
renault 18i	34.5	4	100	NA	2320	15.8	81	2
honda prelude	33.7	4	107	75	2210	14.4	81	3
toyota corolla	32.4	4	108	75	2350	16.8	81	3
datsun 200sx	32.9	4	119	100	2615	14.8	81	3
mazda 626	31.6	4	120	74	2635	18.3	81	3
peugeot 505s turbo diesel	28.1	4	141	80	3230	20.4	81	2
saab 900s	NA	4	121	110	2800	15.4	81	2
volvo diesel	30.7	6	145	76	3160	19.6	81	2
toyota cressida	25.4	6	168	116	2900	12.6	81	3
datsun 810 maxima	24.2	6	146	120	2930	13.8	81	3
buick century	22.4	6	231	110	3415	15.8	81	1
oldsmobile cutlass ls	26.6	8	350	105	3725	19	81	1
ford granada gl	20.2	6	200	88	3060	17.1	81	1
chrysler lebaron salon	17.6	6	225	85	3465	16.6	81	1
chevrolet cavalier	28	4	112	88	2605	19.6	82	1
chevrolet cavalier wagon	27	4	112	88	2640	18.6	82	1
chevrolet cavalier 2-door	34	4	112	88	2395	18	82	1
pontiac j2000 se hatchback	31	4	112	85	2575	16.2	82	1
dodge aries se	29	4	135	84	2525	16	82	1
pontiac phoenix	27	4	151	90	2735	18	82	1
ford fairmont futura	24	4	140	92	2865	16.4	82	1
amc concord dl	23	4	151	NA	3035	20.5	82	1
volkswagen rabbit l	36	4	105	74	1980	15.3	82	2
mazda glc custom l	37	4	91	68	2025	18.2	82	3
mazda glc custom	31	4	91	68	1970	17.6	82	3
plymouth horizon miser	38	4	105	63	2125	14.7	82	1
mercury lynx l	36	4	98	70	2125	17.3	82	1
nissan stanza xe	36	4	120	88	2160	14.5	82	3
honda accord	36	4	107	75	2205	14.5	82	3
toyota corolla	34	4	108	70	2245	16.9	82	3
honda civic	38	4	91	67	1965	15	82	3
honda civic (auto)	32	4	91	67	1965	15.7	82	3
datsun 310 gx	38	4	91	67	1995	16.2	82	3
buick century limited	25	6	181	110	2945	16.4	82	1
oldsmobile cutlass ciera (diesel)	38	6	262	85	3015	17	82	1
chrysler lebaron medallion	26	4	156	92	2585	14.5	82	1
ford granada l	22	6	232	112	2835	14.7	82	1
toyota celica gt	32	4	144	96	2665	13.9	82	3
dodge charger 2.2	36	4	135	84	2370	13	82	1
chevrolet camaro	27	4	151	90	2950	17.3	82	1
ford mustang gl	27	4	140	86	2790	15.6	82	1
vw pickup	44	4	97	52	2130	24.6	82	2
dodge rampage	32	4	135	84	2295	11.6	82	1
ford ranger	28	4	120	79	2625	18.6	82	1
chevy s-10	31	4	119	82	2720	19.4	82	1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7ba6b82cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+String[] lines = loadStrings("2895.txt");
+int totalCount = 0; // Total word count for entire book
+boolean started = false; // Ignore lines until the *** START line
+
+for (int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) {
+  if (lines[i].startsWith("*** START")) { // Start parsing text
+    started = true;
+  } else if (lines[i].startsWith("*** END")) { // Stop parsing text
+    started = false;
+  } else if (started == true) { // If we're in the useful region
+    // List of characters and punctuation to ignore between
+    // letters. WHITESPACE is all the whitespace characters
+    String separators = WHITESPACE + ",;.:?()\"-";
+    // Split the line anywhere that we see one or more of
+    // these separators
+    String[] words = splitTokens(lines[i], separators);
+    // Add this number to the total
+    totalCount += words.length;
+    // Go through the list of words on the line
+    for (int j = 0; j < words.length; j++) {
+      String word = words[j].toLowerCase();
+      if (word.length() > 10) {
+        println(word); // Print word if longer than ten letters
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// How many words are in the entire book?
+println("This book has " + totalCount + " total words.");
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_07/data/2895.txt b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_07/data/2895.txt
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aae7d4327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/46 Input 6/_07/data/2895.txt	
@@ -0,0 +1,19485 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Following the Equator, Complete
+by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
+
+
+Title: Following the Equator, Complete
+
+Author: Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+Release Date: June 24, 2004 [EBook #2895]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR, COMPLETE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+                               FOLLOWING
+                              THE EQUATOR
+                       A JOURNEY AROUND THE WORLD
+                                   BY
+                               MARK TWAIN
+                           SAMUEL L. CLEMENS
+                         HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT
+
+
+
+
+                               THIS BOOK
+                     Is affectionately inscribed to
+                            MY YOUNG FRIEND
+                              HARRY ROGERS
+                            WITH RECOGNITION
+         OF WHAT HE IS, AND APPREHENSION OF WHAT HE MAY BECOME
+              UNLESS HE FORM HIMSELF A LITTLE MORE CLOSELY
+                           UPON THE MODEL OF
+                              THE AUTHOR.
+
+
+
+
+
+                         THE PUDD'NHEAD MAXIMS.
+            THESE WISDOMS ARE FOR THE LURING OF YOUTH TOWARD
+               HIGH MORAL ALTITUDES.  THE AUTHOR DID NOT
+                  GATHER THEM FROM PRACTICE, BUT FROM
+                   OBSERVATION.  TO BE GOOD IS NOBLE;
+                         BUT TO SHOW OTHERS HOW
+                          TO BE GOOD IS NOBLER
+                            AND NO TROUBLE.
+
+
+
+
+                                 CONTENTS
+
+CHAPTER I.
+The Party--Across America to Vancouver--On Board the Warrimo--Steamer
+Chairs-The Captain-Going Home under a Cloud--A Gritty Purser--The
+Brightest Passenger--Remedy for Bad Habits--The Doctor and the Lumbago
+--A Moral Pauper--Limited Smoking--Remittance-men.
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+Change of Costume--Fish, Snake, and Boomerang Stories--Tests of Memory
+--A Brahmin Expert--General Grant's Memory--A Delicately Improper Tale
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+Honolulu--Reminiscences of the Sandwich Islands--King Liholiho and His
+Royal Equipment--The Tabu--The Population of the Island--A Kanaka Diver
+--Cholera at Honolulu--Honolulu; Past and Present--The Leper Colony
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+Leaving Honolulu--Flying-fish--Approaching the Equator--Why the Ship Went
+Slow--The Front Yard of the Ship--Crossing the Equator--Horse Billiards
+or Shovel Board--The Waterbury Watch--Washing Decks--Ship Painters--The
+Great Meridian--The Loss of a Day--A Babe without a Birthday
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+A lesson in Pronunciation--Reverence for Robert Burns--The Southern
+Cross--Troublesome Constellations--Victoria for a Name--Islands on the
+Map--Alofa and Fortuna--Recruiting for the Queensland Plantations
+--Captain Warren's NoteBook--Recruiting not thoroughly Popular
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+Missionaries Obstruct Business--The Sugar Planter and the Kanaka--The
+Planter's View--Civilizing the Kanaka The Missionary's View--The Result
+--Repentant Kanakas--Wrinkles--The Death Rate in Queensland
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+The  Fiji Islands--Suva--The Ship from Duluth--Going Ashore--Midwinter in
+Fiji--Seeing the Governor--Why Fiji was Ceded to England--Old time
+Fijians--Convicts among the Fijians--A Case Where Marriage was a Failure
+Immortality with Limitations
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+A Wilderness of Islands--Two Men without a Country--A Naturalist from New
+Zealand--The Fauna of Australasia--Animals, Insects, and Birds--The
+Ornithorhynchus--Poetry and Plagiarism
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+Close to Australia--Porpoises at Night--Entrance to Sydney Harbor--The
+Loss of the Duncan Dunbar--The Harbor--The City of Sydney--Spring-time in
+Australia--The Climate--Information for Travelers--The Size of Australia
+--A Dust-Storm and Hot Wind
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+The  Discovery of Australia--Transportation of Convicts--Discipline
+--English Laws, Ancient and Modern--Flogging Prisoners to Death--Arrival of
+Settlers--New South Wales Corps--Rum Currency--Intemperance Everywhere
+$100,000 for One Gallon of Rum--Development of the Country--Immense
+Resources
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+Hospitality of English-speaking People--Writers and their Gratitude--Mr.
+Gane and the Panegyrics--Population of Sydney An English City with
+American Trimming--"Squatters"--Palaces and Sheep Kingdoms--Wool and
+Mutton--Australians and Americans--Costermonger Pronunciation--England is
+"Home"--Table Talk--English and Colonial Audiences 124
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+Mr. X., a Missionary--Why Christianity Makes Slow Progress in India--A
+Large Dream--Hindoo Miracles and Legends--Sampson and Hanuman--The
+Sandstone Ridge--Where are the Gates?
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+Public Works in Australasia--Botanical Garden of Sydney--Four Special
+Socialties--The Government House--A Governor and His Functions--The
+Admiralty House--The Tour of the Harbor--Shark Fishing--Cecil Rhodes'
+Shark and his First Fortune--Free Board for Sharks.
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+Bad Health--To Melbourne by Rail--Maps Defective--The Colony of Victoria
+--A Round-trip Ticket from Sydney--Change Cars, from Wide to Narrow
+Gauge, a Peculiarity at Albury--Customs-fences--"My Word"--The Blue
+Mountains--Rabbit Piles--Government R. R. Restaurants--Duchesses for
+Waiters--"Sheep-dip"--Railroad Coffee--Things Seen and Not Seen
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+Wagga-Wagga--The Tichborne Claimant--A Stock Mystery--The Plan of the
+Romance--The Realization--The Henry Bascom Mystery--Bascom Hall--The
+Author's Death and Funeral
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+Melbourne and its Attractions--The Melbourne Cup Races--Cup Day--Great
+Crowds--Clothes Regardless of Cost--The Australian Larrikin--Is He Dead?
+Australian Hospitality--Melbourne Wool-brokers--The Museums--The Palaces
+--The Origin of Melbourne
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+The British Empire--Its Exports and Imports--The Trade of Australia--To
+Adelaide--Broken Hill Silver Mine--A Roundabout road--The Scrub and its
+Possibilities for the Novelist--The Aboriginal Tracker--A Test Case--How
+Does One Cow-Track Differ from Another?
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+Gum Trees--Unsociable Trees--Gorse and Broom--A universal Defect--An
+Adventurer--Wanted L200, got L20,000,000--A Vast Land Scheme--The
+Smash-up--The Corpse Got Up and Danced--A Unique Business by One Man
+--Buying the Kangaroo Skin--The Approach to Adelaide--Everything Comes to
+Him who Waits--A Healthy Religious sphere--What is the Matter with the
+Specter?
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+The Botanical Gardens--Contributions from all Countries--The
+Zoological Gardens of Adelaide--The Laughing Jackass--The Dingo--A
+Misnamed Province--Telegraphing from Melbourne to San Francisco--A Mania
+for Holidays--The Temperature--The Death Rate--Celebration of the
+Reading of the Proclamation of 1836--Some old Settlers at the
+Commemoration--Their Staying Powers--The Intelligence of the Aboriginal
+--The Antiquity of the Boomerang
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+A Caller--A Talk about Old Times--The Fox Hunt--An Accurate Judgment of
+an Idiot--How We Passed the Custom Officers in Italy
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+The "Weet-Weet"--Keeping down the Population--Victoria--Killing the
+Aboriginals--Pioneer Days in Queensland--Material for a Drama--The Bush
+--Pudding with Arsenic Revenge--A Right Spirit but a Wrong Method--Death of
+Donga Billy
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+Continued Description of Aboriginals--Manly Qualities--Dodging Balls
+--Feats of Spring--Jumping--Where the Kangaroo Learned its Art 'Well
+Digging--Endurance--Surgery--Artistic Abilities--Fennimore Cooper's Last
+Chance--Australian Slang
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+To Horsham (Colony of Victoria)--Description of Horsham--At the Hotel
+--Pepper Tree-The Agricultural College, Forty Pupils--High Temperature
+--Width of Road in Chains, Perches, etc.--The Bird with a Forgettable
+Name--The Magpie and the Lady--Fruit Trees--Soils--Sheep Shearing--To Stawell
+--Gold Mining Country--$75,000 per Month Income and able to Keep House
+--Fine Grapes and Wine--The Dryest Community on Earth--The Three Sisters
+--Gum Trees and Water
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+Road to Ballarat--The City--Great Gold Strike, 1851--Rush for Australia
+--"Great Nuggets"--Taxation--Revolt and Victory--Peter Lalor and the
+Eureka Stockade--"Pencil Mark"--Fine Statuary at Ballarat--Population
+--Ballarat English
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+Bound for Bendigo--The Priest at Castlemaine--Time Saved by Walking
+--Description of Bendigo--A Valuable Nugget--Perseverence and Success
+--Mr. Blank and His Influence--Conveyance of an Idea--I Had to Like the
+Irishman--Corrigan Castle, and the Mark Twain Club--My Bascom Mystery
+Solved
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+Where New Zealand Is--But Few Know--Things People Think They Know--The
+Yale Professor and His Visitor from N. Z.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII.
+The South Pole Swell--Tasmania--Extermination of the Natives--The Picture
+Proclamation--The Conciliator--The Formidable Sixteen
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+When the Moment Comes the Man Appears--Why Ed. Jackson called on
+Commodore Vanderbilt--Their Interview--Welcome to the Child of His Friend
+--A Big Time but under Inspection--Sent on Important Business--A Visit to
+the Boys on the Boat
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX:
+Tasmania, Early Days--Description of the Town of Hobart--An Englishman's
+Love of Home Surroundings--Neatest City on Earth--The Museum--A Parrot
+with an Acquired Taste--Glass Arrow Beads--Refuge for the Indigent too
+healthy
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+Arrival at Bluff, N. Z.--Where the Rabbit Plague Began--The Natural Enemy
+of the Rabbit--Dunedin--A Lovely Town--Visit to Dr. Hockin--His Museum
+--A Liquified Caterpillar--The Unperfected Tape Worm--The Public Museum and
+Picture
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.  The Express Train--"A Hell of a Hotel at Maryborough"
+--Clocks and Bells--Railroad Service.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+Description of the Town of Christ Church--A Fine Museum--Jade-stone
+Trinkets--The Great Man--The First Maori in New Zealand--Women Voters
+--"Person" in New Zealand Law Includes Woman--Taming an Ornithorhynchus
+--A Voyage in the 'Flora' from Lyttelton--Cattle Stalls for Everybody
+--A Wonderful Time.
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+The Town of Nelson--"The Mongatapu Murders," the Great Event of the Town
+--Burgess' Confession--Summit of Mount Eden--Rotorua and the Hot Lakes
+and Geysers--Thermal Springs District--Kauri Gum--Tangariwa Mountains
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+The Bay of Gisborne--Taking in Passengers by the Yard Arm--The Green
+Ballarat Fly--False Teeth--From Napier to Hastings by the Ballarat Fly
+Train--Kauri Trees--A Case of Mental Telegraphy
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+Fifty Miles in Four Hours--Comfortable Cars--Town of Wauganui--Plenty of
+Maoris--On the Increase--Compliments to the Maoris--The Missionary Ways
+all Wrong--The Tabu among the Maoris--A Mysterious Sign--Curious
+War-monuments--Wellington
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+The Poems of Mrs. Moore--The Sad Fate of William Upson--A Fellow Traveler
+Imitating the Prince of Wales--A Would-be Dude--Arrival at Sydney
+--Curious Town Names with Poem
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+From Sydney for Ceylon--A Lascar Crew--A Fine Ship--Three Cats and a
+Basket of Kittens--Dinner Conversations--Veuve Cliquot Wine--At Anchor in
+King George's Sound Albany Harbor--More Cats--A Vulture on Board--Nearing
+the Equator again--Dressing for Dinner--Ceylon, Hotel Bristol--Servant
+Brampy--A Feminine Man--Japanese Jinriksha or Cart--Scenes in Ceylon--A
+Missionary School--Insincerity of Clothes
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+Steamer Rosettes to Bombay--Limes 14 cents a Barrel--Bombay, a Bewitching
+City--Descriptions of People and Dress--Woman as a Road Decoration
+--India, the Land of Dreams and Romance--Fourteen Porters to Carry Baggage
+--Correcting a Servant--Killing a Slave--Arranging a Bedroom--Three Hours'
+Work and a Terrible Racket--The Bird of Birds, the Indian Crow
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+God Vishnu, 108 Names--Change of Titles or Hunting for an Heir--Bombay as
+a Kaleidoscope--The Native's Man Servant--Servants' Recommendations--How
+Manuel got his Name and his English--Satan--A Visit from God
+
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+The Government House at Malabar Point--Mansion of Kumar Shri Samatsin Hji
+Bahadur--The Indian Princess--A Difficult Game--Wardrobe and Jewels
+--Ceremonials--Decorations when Leaving--The Towers of Silence--A Funeral
+
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+Jain Temple--Mr. Roychand's Bungalow--A Decorated Six-Gun Prince--Human
+Fireworks--European Dress, Past and Present--Complexions--Advantages with
+the Zulu--Festivities at the Bungalow-Nautch Dancers--Entrance of the
+Prince--Address to the Prince
+
+
+CHAPTER XLII.
+A Hindoo Betrothal, midnight, Sleepers on the ground, Home of the Bride
+of Twelve Years Dressed as a Boy--Illumination Nautch Girls--Imitating
+Snakes--Later--Illuminated Porch Filled with Sleepers--The Plague
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIII
+Murder Trial in Bombay--Confidence Swindlers--Some Specialities of India
+--The Plague, Juggernaut, Suttee, etc.--Everything on Gigantic Scale
+--India First in Everything--80 States, more Custom Houses than Cats--Rich
+Ground for Thug Society
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+Thug Book--Supplies for Traveling, Bedding, and other Freight--Scene at
+Railway Station--Making Way for White Man--Waiting Passengers, High and
+Low Caste, Touch in the cars--Our Car--Beds made up--Dreaming of Thugs
+--Baroda--Meet Friends--Indian Well--The Old Town--Narrow Streets--A Mad
+Elephant
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+Elephant Riding--Howdahs--The New Palace--The Prince's Excursion--Gold
+and Silver Artillery--A Vice-royal Visit--Remarkable Dog--The Bench Show
+--Augustin Daly's Back Door--Fakeer
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+The Thugs--Government Efforts to Exterminate them--Choking a Victim A
+Fakeer Spared--Thief Strangled
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+Thugs, Continued--Record of Murders--A Joy of Hunting and Killing Men
+--Gordon Gumming--Killing an Elephant--Family Affection among Thugs
+--Burial Places
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVIII.
+Starting for Allahabad--Lower Berths in Sleepers--Elderly Ladies have
+Preference of Berths--An American Lady Takes One Anyhow--How Smythe Lost
+his Berth--How He Got Even--The Suttee
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIX.
+Pyjamas--Day Scene in India--Clothed in a Turban and a Pocket
+Handkerchief--Land Parceled Out--Established Village Servants--Witches in
+Families--Hereditary Midwifery--Destruction of Girl Babies--Wedding
+Display--Tiger-Persuader--Hailstorm Discourages--The Tyranny of the
+Sweeper--Elephant Driver--Water Carrier--Curious Rivers--Arrival at
+Allahabad--English Quarter--Lecture Hall Like a Snowstorm--Private
+Carriages--A Milliner--Early Morning--The Squatting Servant--A Religious
+Fair
+
+
+CHAPTER L.
+On the Road to Benares--Dust and Waiting--The Bejeweled Crowd--A Native
+Prince and his Guard--Zenana Lady--The Extremes of Fashion--The Hotel at
+Benares--An Annex a Mile Away--Doors in India--The Peepul Tree--Warning
+against Cold Baths--A Strange Fruit--Description of Benares--The
+Beginning of Creation--Pilgrims to Benares--A Priest with a Good Business
+Stand--Protestant Missionary--The Trinity Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu
+--Religion the Business at Benares
+
+
+CHAPTER LI.
+Benares a Religious Temple--A Guide for Pilgrims to Save Time in Securing
+Salvation
+
+
+CHAPTER LII.
+A Curious Way to Secure Salvation--The Banks of the Ganges--Architecture
+Represents Piety--A Trip on the River--Bathers and their Costumes
+--Drinking the Water--A Scientific Test of the Nasty Purifier--Hindoo Faith
+in the Ganges--A Cremation--Remembrances of the Suttee--All Life Sacred
+Except Human Life--The Goddess Bhowanee, and the Sacrificers--Sacred
+Monkeys--Ugly Idols Everywhere--Two White Minarets--A Great View with a
+Monkey in it--A Picture on the Water
+
+
+CHAPTER LIII.
+Still in Benares--Another Living God--Why Things are Wonderful--Sri 108
+Utterly Perfect--How He Came so--Our Visit to Sri--A Friendly Deity
+Exchanging Autographs and Books--Sri's Pupil--An Interesting Man
+--Reverence and Irreverence--Dancing in a Sepulchre
+
+
+CHAPTER LIV.
+Rail to Calcutta--Population--The "City of Palaces"--A Fluted
+Candle-stick--Ochterlony--Newspaper Correspondence--Average Knowledge of
+Countries--A Wrong Idea of Chicago--Calcutta and the Black Hole
+--Description of the Horrors--Those Who Lived--The Botanical Gardens--The
+Afternoon Turnout--Grand Review--Military Tournament--Excursion on the
+Hoogly--The Museum--What Winter Means Calcutta
+
+
+CHAPTER LV
+On the Road Again--Flannels in Order--Across Country--From Greenland's
+Icy Mountain--Swapping Civilization--No Field women in India--How it is
+in Other Countries--Canvas-covered Cars--The Tiger Country--My First Hunt
+Some Elephants Get Away--The Plains of India--The Ghurkas--Women for
+Pack-Horses--A Substitute for a Cab--Darjeeling--The Hotel--The Highest
+Thing in the Himalayas--The Club--Kinchinjunga and Mt. Everest
+--Thibetans--The Prayer Wheel--People Going to the Bazar
+
+
+CHAPTER LVI.
+On the Road Again--The Hand-Car--A Thirty-five-mile Slide--The Banyan
+Tree--A Dramatic Performance--The Railroad--The Half-way House--The Brain
+Fever Bird--The Coppersmith Bird--Nightingales and Cue Owls
+
+
+CHAPTER LVII.
+India the Most Extraordinary Country on Earth--Nothing Forgotten--The
+Land of Wonders--Annual Statistics Everywhere about Violence--Tiger vs.
+Man--A Handsome Fight--Annual Man Killing and Tiger Killing--Other
+Animals--Snakes--Insurance and Snake Tables--The Cobra Bite--Muzaffurpore
+--Dinapore--A Train that Stopped for Gossip--Six Hours for Thirty-five
+Miles--A Rupee to the Engineer--Ninety Miles an Hour--Again to Benares,
+the Piety Hive To Lucknow
+
+
+CHAPTER LVIII.
+The Great Mutiny--The Massacre in Cawnpore--Terrible Scenes in Lucknow
+--The Residency--The Siege
+
+
+CHAPTER LIX.
+A Visit to the Residency--Cawnpore--The Adjutant Bird and the Hindoo
+Corpse--The Tai Mahal--The True Conception--The Ice Storm--True Gems
+--Syrian Fountains--An Exaggerated Niagara
+
+
+CHAPTER LX.
+To Lahore--The Governor's Elephant--Taking a Ride-No Danger from
+Collision--Rawal Pindi--Back to Delhi--An Orientalized Englishman
+--Monkeys and the Paint-pot--Monkey Crying over my Note-book--Arrival at
+Jeypore--In Rajputana--Watching Servants--The Jeypore Hotel--Our Old and
+New Satan--Satan as a Liar--The Museum--A Street Show--Blocks of Houses
+--A Religious Procession
+
+
+CHAPTER LXI.
+Methods in American Deaf and Dumb Asylums--Methods in the Public Schools
+--A Letter from a youth in Punjab--Highly Educated Service--A Damage to
+the Country--A Little Book from Calcutta--Writing Poor English
+--Embarrassed by a Beggar Girl--A Specimen Letter--An Application for
+Employment--A Calcutta School Examination--Two Samples of
+Literature
+
+
+CHAPTER LXII.
+Sail from Calcutta to Madras--Thence to Ceylon--Thence for  Mauritius
+--The Indian Ocean--Our Captain's Peculiarity The Scot Has one too--The
+Flying-fish that Went Hunting in the Field--Fined for Smuggling--Lots of
+pets on Board--The Color of the Sea--The Most Important Member of
+Nature's Family--The Captain's Story of Cold Weather--Omissions in the
+Ship's Library--Washing Decks--Pyjamas on Deck--The Cat's Toilet--No
+Interest in the Bulletin--Perfect Rest--The Milky Way and the Magellan
+Clouds--Mauritius--Port Louis--A Hot Country--Under French Control
+--A Variety of People and Complexions--Train to Curepipe--A Wonderful
+Office-holder--The Wooden Peg Ornament--The Prominent Historical Event of
+Mauritius--"Paul and Virginia"--One of Virginia's Wedding Gifts--Heaven
+Copied after Mauritius--Early History of Mauritius--Quarantines
+--Population of all Kinds--What the World Consists of--Where Russia and
+Germany are--A Picture of Milan Cathedral--Newspapers--The Language--Best
+Sugar in the World--Literature of Mauritius
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIII.
+Port Louis--Matches no Good--Good Roads--Death Notices--Why European
+Nations Rob Each Other--What Immigrants to Mauritius Do--Population
+--Labor Wages--The Camaron--The Palmiste and other Eatables--Monkeys--The
+Cyclone of 1892--Mauritius a Sunday Landscape
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIV.
+The Steamer "Arundel Castle"--Poor Beds in Ships--The Beds in Noah's Ark
+--Getting a Rest in Europe--Ship in Sight--Mozambique Channel--The
+Engineer and the Band--Thackeray's "Madagascar"--Africanders Going Home
+--Singing on the After Deck--An Out-of-Place Story--Dynamite Explosion in
+Johannesburg--Entering Delagoa Bay--Ashore--A Hot Winter--Small Town--No
+Sights--No Carriages--Working Women--Barnum's Purchase of Shakespeare's
+Birthplace, Jumbo, and the Nelson Monument--Arrival at Durban
+
+
+CHAPTER LXV.
+Royal Hotel Durban--Bells that Did not Ring--Early Inquiries for Comforts
+--Change of Temperature after Sunset-Rickhaws--The Hotel Chameleon
+--Natives not out after the Bell--Preponderance of Blacks in Natal--Hair
+Fashions in Natal--Zulus for Police--A Drive round the Berea--The Cactus
+and other Trees--Religion a Vital Matter--Peculiar Views about Babies
+--Zulu Kings--A Trappist Monastery--Transvaal Politics--Reasons why the
+Trouble came About
+
+
+CHAPTER LXVI.
+Jameson over the Border--His Defeat and Capture--Sent to England for
+Trial--Arrest of Citizens by the Boers--Commuted sentences--Final Release
+of all but Two--Interesting Days for a Stranger--Hard to Understand
+Either Side--What the Reformers Expected to Accomplish--How They Proposed
+to do it--Testimonies a Year Later--A "Woman's Part"--The Truth of the
+South African Situation--"Jameson's Ride"--A Poem
+
+
+CHAPTER LXVIL
+Jameson's Raid--The Reform Committee's Difficult Task--Possible Plans
+--Advice that Jameson Ought to Have--The War of 1881 and its Lessons
+--Statistics of Losses of the Combatants--Jameson's Battles--Losses on Both
+Sides--The Military Errors--How the Warfare Should Have Been Carried on
+to Be Successful
+
+
+CHAPTER LXVIII.
+Judicious Mr. Rhodes--What South Africa Consists of--Johannesburg--The
+Gold Mines--The Heaven of American Engineers--What the Author Knows about
+Mining--Description of the Boer--What Should be Expected of Him--What Was
+A Dizzy Jump for Rhodes--Taxes--Rhodesian Method of Reducing Native
+Population--Journeying in Cape Colony--The Cars--The Country--The
+Weather--Tamed Blacks--Familiar Figures in King William's Town--Boer
+Dress--Boer Country Life--Sleeping Accommodations--The Reformers in Boer
+Prison--Torturing a Black Prisoner
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIX.
+An Absorbing Novelty--The Kimberley Diamond Mines--Discovery of Diamonds
+--The Wronged Stranger--Where the Gems Are--A Judicious Change of
+Boundary--Modern Machinery and Appliances--Thrilling Excitement in
+Finding a Diamond--Testing a Diamond--Fences--Deep Mining by Natives in
+the Compound--Stealing--Reward for the Biggest Diamond--A Fortune in
+Wine--The Great Diamond--Office of the De Beer Co.--Sorting the Gems
+--Cape Town--The Most Imposing Man in British Provinces--Various Reasons
+for his Supremacy--How He Makes Friends
+
+
+CONCLUSION.
+Table Rock--Table Bay--The Castle--Government and Parliament--The Club
+--Dutch Mansions and their Hospitality--Dr. John Barry and his Doings--On
+the Ship Norman--Madeira--Arrived in Southampton
+
+
+
+
+
+                          FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+A man may have no bad habits and have worse.
+                             --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The starting point of this lecturing-trip around the world was Paris,
+where we had been living a year or two.
+
+We sailed for America, and there made certain preparations.  This took
+but little time.  Two members of my family elected to go with me.  Also a
+carbuncle.  The dictionary says a carbuncle is a kind of jewel.  Humor is
+out of place in a dictionary.
+
+We started westward from New York in midsummer, with Major Pond to manage
+the platform-business as far as the Pacific.  It was warm work, all the
+way, and the last fortnight of it was suffocatingly smoky, for in Oregon
+and Columbia the forest fires were raging.  We had an added week of smoke
+at the seaboard, where we were obliged awhile for our ship.  She had been
+getting herself ashore in the smoke, and she had to be docked and
+repaired.
+
+We sailed at last; and so ended a snail-paced march across the continent,
+which had lasted forty days.
+
+We moved westward about mid-afternoon over a rippled and summer sea; an
+enticing sea, a clean and cool sea, and apparently a welcome sea to all
+on board; it certainly was to the distressful dustings and smokings and
+swelterings of the past weeks.  The voyage would furnish a three-weeks
+holiday, with hardly a break in it.  We had the whole Pacific Ocean in
+front of us, with nothing to do but do nothing and be comfortable.  The
+city of Victoria was twinkling dim in the deep heart of her smoke-cloud,
+and getting ready to vanish and now we closed the field-glasses and sat
+down on our steamer chairs contented and at peace.  But they went to
+wreck and ruin under us and brought us to shame before all the
+passengers.  They had been furnished by the largest furniture-dealing
+house in Victoria, and were worth a couple of farthings a dozen, though
+they had cost us the price of honest chairs.  In the Pacific and Indian
+Oceans one must still bring his own deck-chair on board or go without,
+just as in the old forgotten Atlantic times--those Dark Ages of sea
+travel.
+
+Ours was a reasonably comfortable ship, with the customary sea-going fare
+--plenty of good food furnished by the Deity and cooked by the devil.
+The discipline observable on board was perhaps as good as it is anywhere
+in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.  The ship was not very well arranged
+for tropical service; but that is nothing, for this is the rule for ships
+which ply in the tropics.  She had an over-supply of cockroaches, but
+this is also the rule with ships doing business in the summer seas--at
+least such as have been long in service.  Our young captain was a very
+handsome man, tall and perfectly formed, the very figure to show up a
+smart uniform's best effects.  He was a man of the best intentions and
+was polite and courteous even to courtliness.  There was a soft and
+finish about his manners which made whatever place he happened to be in
+seem for the moment a drawing room.  He avoided the smoking room.  He had
+no vices.  He did not smoke or chew tobacco or take snuff; he did not
+swear, or use slang or rude, or coarse, or indelicate language, or make
+puns, or tell anecdotes, or laugh intemperately, or raise his voice above
+the moderate pitch enjoined by the canons of good form. When he gave an
+order, his manner modified it into a request.  After dinner he and his
+officers joined the ladies and gentlemen in the ladies' saloon, and
+shared in the singing and piano playing, and helped turn the music.  He
+had a sweet and sympathetic tenor voice, and used it with taste and
+effect the music he played whist there, always with the same partner and
+opponents, until the ladies' bedtime.  The electric lights burned there
+as late as the ladies and their friends might desire; but they were not
+allowed to burn in the smoking-room after eleven.  There were many laws
+on the ship's statute book of course; but so far as I could see, this and
+one other were the only ones that were rigidly enforced.  The captain
+explained that he enforced this one because his own cabin adjoined the
+smoking-room, and the smell of tobacco smoke made him sick.  I did not
+see how our smoke could reach him, for the smoking-room and his cabin
+were on the upper deck, targets for all the winds that blew; and besides
+there was no crack of communication between them, no opening of any sort
+in the solid intervening bulkhead.  Still, to a delicate stomach even
+imaginary smoke can convey damage.
+
+The captain, with his gentle nature, his polish, his sweetness, his moral
+and verbal purity, seemed pathetically out of place in his rude and
+autocratic vocation.  It seemed another instance of the irony of fate.
+
+He was going home under a cloud.  The passengers knew about his trouble,
+and were sorry for him.  Approaching Vancouver through a narrow and
+difficult passage densely befogged with smoke from the forest fires, he
+had had the ill-luck to lose his bearings and get his ship on the rocks.
+A matter like this would rank merely as an error with you and me; it
+ranks as a crime with the directors of steamship companies.  The captain
+had been tried by the Admiralty Court at Vancouver, and its verdict had
+acquitted him of blame.  But that was insufficient comfort.  A sterner
+court would examine the case in Sydney--the Court of Directors, the lords
+of a company in whose ships the captain had served as mate a number of
+years.  This was his first voyage as captain.
+
+The officers of our ship were hearty and companionable young men, and
+they entered into the general amusements and helped the passengers pass
+the time.  Voyages in the Pacific and Indian Oceans are but pleasure
+excursions for all hands.  Our purser was a young Scotchman who was
+equipped with a grit that was remarkable.  He was an invalid, and looked
+it, as far as his body was concerned, but illness could not subdue his
+spirit.  He was full of life, and had a gay and capable tongue.  To all
+appearances he was a sick man without being aware of it, for he did not
+talk about his ailments, and his bearing and conduct were those of a
+person in robust health; yet he was the prey, at intervals, of ghastly
+sieges of pain in his heart.  These lasted many hours, and while the
+attack continued he could neither sit nor lie.  In one instance he stood
+on his feet twenty-four hours fighting for his life with these sharp
+agonies, and yet was as full of life and cheer and activity
+the next day as if nothing had happened.
+
+The brightest passenger in the ship, and the most interesting and
+felicitous talker, was a young Canadian who was not able to let the
+whisky bottle alone. He was of a rich and powerful family, and could have
+had a distinguished career and abundance of effective help toward it if
+he could have conquered his appetite for drink; but he could not do it,
+so his great equipment of talent was of no use to him. He had often taken
+the pledge to drink no more, and was a good sample of what that sort of
+unwisdom can do for a man--for a man with anything short of an iron will.
+The system is wrong in two ways: it does not strike at the root of the
+trouble, for one thing, and to make a pledge of any kind is to declare
+war against nature; for a pledge is a chain that is always clanking and
+reminding the wearer of it that he is not a free man.
+
+I have said that the system does not strike at the root of the trouble,
+and I venture to repeat that. The root is not the drinking, but the
+desire to drink.  These are very different things.  The one merely
+requires will--and a great deal of it, both as to bulk and staying
+capacity--the other merely requires watchfulness--and for no long time.
+The desire of course precedes the act, and should have one's first
+attention; it can do but little good to refuse the act over and over
+again, always leaving the desire unmolested, unconquered; the desire will
+continue to assert itself, and will be almost sure to win in the long
+run.  When the desire intrudes, it should be at once banished out of the
+mind.  One should be on the watch for it all the time--otherwise it will
+get in.  It must be taken in time and not allowed to get a lodgment.  A
+desire constantly repulsed for a fortnight should die, then.  That should
+cure the drinking habit.  The system of refusing the mere act of
+drinking, and leaving the desire in full force, is unintelligent war
+tactics, it seems to me.  I used to take pledges--and soon violate them.
+My will was not strong, and I could not help it.  And then, to be tied in
+any way naturally irks an otherwise free person and makes him chafe in
+his bonds and want to get his liberty.  But when I finally ceased from
+taking definite pledges, and merely resolved that I would kill an
+injurious desire, but leave myself free to resume the desire and the
+habit whenever I should choose to do so, I had no more trouble.  In five
+days I drove out the desire to smoke and was not obliged to keep watch
+after that; and I never experienced any strong desire to smoke again.  At
+the end of a year and a quarter of idleness I began to write a book, and
+presently found that the pen was strangely reluctant to go.  I tried a
+smoke to see if that would help me out of the difficulty.  It did.  I
+smoked eight or ten cigars and as many pipes a day for five months;
+finished the book, and did not smoke again until a year had gone by and
+another book had to be begun.
+
+I can quit any of my nineteen injurious habits at any time, and without
+discomfort or inconvenience.  I think that the Dr. Tanners and those
+others who go forty days without eating do it by resolutely keeping out
+the desire to eat, in the beginning, and that after a few hours the
+desire is discouraged and comes no more.
+
+Once I tried my scheme in a large medical way.  I had been confined to my
+bed several days with lumbago.  My case refused to improve.  Finally the
+doctor said,--
+
+"My remedies have no fair chance.  Consider what they have to fight,
+besides the lumbago.  You smoke extravagantly, don't you?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"You take coffee immoderately?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"And some tea?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"You eat all kinds of things that are dissatisfied with each other's
+company?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"You drink two hot Scotches every night?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"Very well, there you see what I have to contend against.  We can't make
+progress the way the matter stands.  You must make a reduction in these
+things; you must cut down your consumption of them considerably for some
+days."
+
+"I can't, doctor."
+
+"Why can't you."
+
+"I lack the will-power.  I can cut them off entirely, but I can't merely
+moderate them."
+
+He said that that would answer, and said he would come around in
+twenty-four hours and begin work again.  He was taken ill himself and
+could not come; but I did not need him.  I cut off all those things for
+two days and nights; in fact, I cut off all kinds of food, too, and all
+drinks except water, and at the end of the forty-eight hours the lumbago
+was discouraged and left me.  I was a well man; so I gave thanks and took
+to those delicacies again.
+
+It seemed a valuable medical course, and I recommended it to a lady.  She
+had run down and down and down, and had at last reached a point where
+medicines no longer had any helpful effect upon her.  I said I knew I
+could put her upon her feet in a week.  It brightened her up, it filled
+her with hope, and she said she would do everything I told her to do.  So
+I said she must stop swearing and drinking, and smoking and eating for
+four days, and then she would be all right again.  And it would have
+happened just so, I know it; but she said she could not stop swearing,
+and smoking, and drinking, because she had never done those things.  So
+there it was.  She had neglected her habits, and hadn't any.  Now that
+they would have come good, there were none in stock.  She had nothing to
+fall back on.  She was a sinking vessel, with no freight in her to throw
+over lighten ship withal.  Why, even one or two little bad habits could
+have saved her, but she was just a moral pauper. When she could have
+acquired them she was dissuaded by her parents, who were ignorant people
+though reared in the best society, and it was too late to begin now.  It
+seemed such a pity; but there was no help for it.  These things ought to
+be attended to while a person is young; otherwise, when age and disease
+come, there is nothing effectual to fight them with.
+
+When I was a youth I used to take all kinds of pledges, and do my best to
+keep them, but I never could, because I didn't strike at the root of the
+habit--the desire; I generally broke down within the month.  Once I tried
+limiting a habit.  That worked tolerably well for a while.  I pledged
+myself to smoke but one cigar a day.  I kept the cigar waiting until
+bedtime, then I had a luxurious time with it.  But desire persecuted me
+every day and all day long; so, within the week I found myself hunting
+for larger cigars than I had been used to smoke; then larger ones still,
+and still larger ones.  Within the fortnight I was getting cigars made
+for me--on a yet larger pattern.  They still grew and grew in size.
+Within the month my cigar had grown to such proportions that I could have
+used it as a crutch.  It now seemed to me that a one-cigar limit was no
+real protection to a person, so I knocked my pledge on the head and
+resumed my liberty.
+
+To go back to that young Canadian.  He was a "remittance man," the first
+one I had ever seen or heard of.  Passengers explained the term to me.
+They said that dissipated ne'er-do-wells belonging to important families
+in England and Canada were not cast off by their people while there was
+any hope of reforming them, but when that last hope perished at last, the
+ne'er-do-well was sent abroad to get him out of the way.  He was shipped
+off with just enough money in his pocket--no, in the purser's pocket--for
+the needs of the voyage--and when he reached his destined port he would
+find a remittance awaiting him there.  Not a large one, but just enough
+to keep him a month.  A similar remittance would come monthly thereafter.
+It was the remittance-man's custom to pay his month's board and lodging
+straightway--a duty which his landlord did not allow him to forget--then
+spree away the rest of his money in a single night, then brood and mope
+and grieve in idleness till the next remittance came.  It is a pathetic
+life.
+
+We had other remittance-men on board, it was said.  At least they said
+they were R. M.'s.  There were two.  But they did not resemble the
+Canadian; they lacked his tidiness, and his brains, and his gentlemanly
+ways, and his resolute spirit, and his humanities and generosities.  One
+of them was a lad of nineteen or twenty, and he was a good deal of a
+ruin, as to clothes, and morals, and general aspect.  He said he was a
+scion of a ducal house in England, and had been shipped to Canada for the
+house's relief, that he had fallen into trouble there, and was now being
+shipped to Australia.  He said he had no title.  Beyond this remark he
+was economical of the truth.  The first thing he did in Australia was to
+get into the lockup, and the next thing he did was to proclaim himself an
+earl in the police court in the morning and fail to prove it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+When in doubt, tell the truth.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+About four days out from Victoria we plunged into hot weather, and all
+the male passengers put on white linen clothes.  One or two days later we
+crossed the 25th parallel of north latitude, and then, by order, the
+officers of the ship laid away their blue uniforms and came out in white
+linen ones.  All the ladies were in white by this time.  This prevalence
+of snowy costumes gave the promenade deck an invitingly cool, and
+cheerful and picnicky aspect.
+
+From my diary:
+
+There are several sorts of ills in the world from which a person can
+never escape altogether, let him journey as far as he will.  One escapes
+from one breed of an ill only to encounter another breed of it.  We have
+come far from the snake liar and the fish liar, and there was rest and
+peace in the thought; but now we have reached the realm of the boomerang
+liar, and sorrow is with us once more.  The first officer has seen a man
+try to escape from his enemy by getting behind a tree; but the enemy sent
+his boomerang sailing into the sky far above and beyond the tree; then it
+turned, descended, and killed the man.  The Australian passenger has seen
+this thing done to two men, behind two trees--and by the one arrow.  This
+being received with a large silence that suggested doubt, he buttressed
+it with the statement that his brother once saw the boomerang kill a bird
+away off a hundred yards and bring it to the thrower.  But these are ills
+which must be borne.  There is no other way.
+
+The talk passed from the boomerang to dreams--usually a fruitful subject,
+afloat or ashore--but this time the output was poor.  Then it passed to
+instances of extraordinary memory--with better results.  Blind Tom, the
+negro pianist, was spoken of, and it was said that he could accurately
+play any piece of music, howsoever long and difficult, after hearing it
+once; and that six months later he could accurately play it again,
+without having touched it in the interval.  One of the most striking of
+the stories told was furnished by a gentleman who had served on the staff
+of the Viceroy of India.  He read the details from his note-book, and
+explained that he had written them down, right after the consummation of
+the incident which they described, because he thought that if he did not
+put them down in black and white he might presently come to think he had
+dreamed them or invented them.
+
+The Viceroy was making a progress, and among the shows offered by the
+Maharajah of Mysore for his entertainment was a memory-exhibition.
+The Viceroy and thirty gentlemen of his suite sat in a row, and the
+memory-expert, a high-caste Brahmin, was brought in and seated on the
+floor in front of them.  He said he knew but two languages, the English
+and his own, but would not exclude any foreign tongue from the tests to
+be applied to his memory.  Then he laid before the assemblage his program
+--a sufficiently extraordinary one.  He proposed that one gentleman
+should give him one word of a foreign sentence, and tell him its place in
+the sentence.  He was furnished with the French word 'est', and was told
+it was second in a sentence of three words.  The next, gentleman gave him
+the German word 'verloren' and said it was the third in a sentence of
+four words.  He asked the next gentleman for one detail in a sum in
+addition; another for one detail in a sum of subtraction; others for
+single details in mathematical problems of various kinds; he got them.
+Intermediates gave him single words from sentences in Greek, Latin,
+Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and other languages, and told him their
+places in the sentences.  When at last everybody had furnished him a
+single rag from a foreign sentence or a figure from a problem, he went
+over the ground again, and got a second word and a second figure and was
+told their places in the sentences and the sums; and so on and so on.  He
+went over the ground again and again until he had collected all the parts
+of the sums and all the parts of the sentences--and all in disorder, of
+course, not in their proper rotation.  This had occupied two hours.
+
+The Brahmin now sat silent and thinking, a while, then began and repeated
+all the sentences, placing the words in their proper order, and untangled
+the disordered arithmetical problems and gave accurate answers to them
+all.
+
+In the beginning he had asked the company to throw almonds at him during
+the two hours, he to remember how many each gentleman had thrown; but
+none were thrown, for the Viceroy said that the test would be a
+sufficiently severe strain without adding that burden to it.
+
+General Grant had a fine memory for all kinds of things, including even
+names and faces, and I could have furnished an instance of it if I had
+thought of it.  The first time I ever saw him was early in his first term
+as President.  I had just arrived in Washington from the Pacific coast, a
+stranger and wholly unknown to the public, and was passing the White
+House one morning when I met a friend, a Senator from Nevada.  He asked
+me if I would like to see the President.  I said I should be very glad;
+so we entered.  I supposed that the President would be in the midst of a
+crowd, and that I could look at him in peace and security from a
+distance, as another stray cat might look at another king.  But it was in
+the morning, and the Senator was using a privilege of his office which I
+had not heard of--the privilege of intruding upon the Chief Magistrate's
+working hours.  Before I knew it, the Senator and I were in the presence,
+and there was none there but we three.  General Grant got slowly up from
+his table, put his pen down, and stood before me with the iron expression
+of a man who had not smiled for seven years, and was not intending to
+smile for another seven.  He looked me steadily in the eyes--mine lost
+confidence and fell.  I had never confronted a great man before, and was
+in a miserable state of funk and inefficiency.  The Senator said:--
+
+"Mr. President, may I have the privilege of introducing Mr. Clemens?"
+
+The President gave my hand an unsympathetic wag and dropped it.  He did
+not say a word but just stood.  In my trouble I could not think of
+anything to say, I merely wanted to resign.  There was an awkward pause,
+a dreary pause, a horrible pause.  Then I thought of something, and
+looked up into that unyielding face, and said timidly:--
+
+"Mr. President, I--I am embarrassed.  Are you?"
+
+His face broke--just a little--a wee glimmer, the momentary flicker of a
+summer-lightning smile, seven years ahead of time--and I was out and gone
+as soon as it was.
+
+Ten years passed away before I saw him the second time.  Meantime I was
+become better known; and was one of the people appointed to respond to
+toasts at the banquet given to General Grant in Chicago--by the Army of
+the Tennessee when he came back from his tour around the world.  I
+arrived late at night and got up late in the morning.  All the corridors
+of the hotel were crowded with people waiting to get a glimpse of General
+Grant when he should pass to the place whence he was to review the great
+procession.  I worked my way by the suite of packed drawing-rooms, and at
+the corner of the house I found a window open where there was a roomy
+platform decorated with flags, and carpeted.  I stepped out on it, and
+saw below me millions of people blocking all the streets, and other
+millions caked together in all the windows and on all the house-tops
+around.  These masses took me for General Grant, and broke into volcanic
+explosions and cheers; but it was a good place to see the procession, and
+I stayed.  Presently I heard the distant blare of military music, and far
+up the street I saw the procession come in sight, cleaving its way
+through the huzzaing multitudes, with Sheridan, the most martial
+figure of the War, riding at its head in the dress uniform of a
+Lieutenant-General.
+
+And now General Grant, arm-in-arm with Major Carter Harrison, stepped out
+on the platform, followed two and two by the badged and uniformed
+reception committee.  General Grant was looking exactly as he had looked
+upon that trying occasion of ten years before--all iron and bronze
+self-possession.  Mr. Harrison came over and led me to the General and
+formally introduced me.  Before I could put together the proper remark,
+General Grant said--
+
+"Mr. Clemens, I am not embarrassed.  Are you?"--and that little
+seven-year smile twinkled across his face again.
+
+Seventeen years have gone by since then, and to-day, in New York, the
+streets are a crush of people who are there to honor the remains of the
+great soldier as they pass to their final resting-place under the
+monument; and the air is heavy with dirges and the boom of artillery, and
+all the millions of America are thinking of the man who restored the
+Union and the flag, and gave to democratic government a new lease of
+life, and, as we may hope and do believe, a permanent place among the
+beneficent institutions of men.
+
+We had one game in the ship which was a good time-passer--at least it was
+at night in the smoking-room when the men were getting freshened up from
+the day's monotonies and dullnesses.  It was the completing of
+non-complete stories.  That is to say, a man would tell all of a story
+except the finish, then the others would try to supply the ending out of
+their own invention.  When every one who wanted a chance had had it, the
+man who had introduced the story would give it its original ending--then
+you could take your choice.  Sometimes the new endings turned out to be
+better than the old one.  But the story which called out the most
+persistent and determined and ambitious effort was one which had no
+ending, and so there was nothing to compare the new-made endings with.
+The man who told it said he could furnish the particulars up to a certain
+point only, because that was as much of the tale as he knew.  He had read
+it in a volume of `sketches twenty-five years ago, and was interrupted
+before the end was reached.  He would give any one fifty dollars who
+would finish the story to the satisfaction of a jury to be appointed by
+ourselves.  We appointed a jury and wrestled with the tale.  We invented
+plenty of endings, but the jury voted them all down.  The jury was right.
+It was a tale which the author of it may possibly have completed
+satisfactorily, and if he really had that good fortune I would like to
+know what the ending was.  Any ordinary man will find that the story's
+strength is in its middle, and that there is apparently no way to
+transfer it to the close, where of course it ought to be.  In substance
+the storiette was as follows:
+
+John Brown, aged thirty-one, good, gentle, bashful, timid, lived in a
+quiet village in Missouri.  He was superintendent of the Presbyterian
+Sunday-school.  It was but a humble distinction; still, it was his only
+official one, and he was modestly proud of it and was devoted to its work
+and its interests.  The extreme kindliness of his nature was recognized
+by all; in fact, people said that he was made entirely out of good
+impulses and bashfulness; that he could always be counted upon for help
+when it was needed, and for bashfulness both when it was needed and when
+it wasn't.
+
+Mary Taylor, twenty-three, modest, sweet, winning, and in character and
+person beautiful, was all in all to him.  And he was very nearly all in
+all to her.  She was wavering, his hopes were high.  Her mother had been
+in opposition from the first.  But she was wavering, too; he could
+see it.  She was being touched by his warm interest in her two
+charity-proteges and by his contributions toward their support.  These
+were two forlorn and aged sisters who lived in a log hut in a lonely
+place up a cross road four miles from Mrs. Taylor's farm.  One of the
+sisters was crazy, and sometimes a little violent, but not often.
+
+At last the time seemed ripe for a final advance, and Brown gathered his
+courage together and resolved to make it.  He would take along a
+contribution of double the usual size, and win the mother over; with her
+opposition annulled, the rest of the conquest would be sure and prompt.
+
+He took to the road in the middle of a placid Sunday afternoon in the
+soft Missourian summer, and he was equipped properly for his mission.  He
+was clothed all in white linen, with a blue ribbon for a necktie, and he
+had on dressy tight boots.  His horse and buggy were the finest that the
+livery stable could furnish.  The lap robe was of white linen, it was
+new, and it had a hand-worked border that could not be rivaled in that
+region for beauty and elaboration.
+
+When he was four miles out on the lonely road and was walking his horse
+over a wooden bridge, his straw hat blew off and fell in the creek, and
+floated down and lodged against a bar.  He did not quite know what to do.
+He must have the hat, that was manifest; but how was he to get it?
+
+Then he had an idea.  The roads were empty, nobody was stirring.  Yes, he
+would risk it.  He led the horse to the roadside and set it to cropping
+the grass; then he undressed and put his clothes in the buggy, petted the
+horse a moment to secure its compassion and its loyalty, then hurried to
+the stream.  He swam out and soon had the hat.  When he got to the top of
+the bank the horse was gone!
+
+His legs almost gave way under him.  The horse was walking leisurely
+along the road.  Brown trotted after it, saying, "Whoa, whoa, there's a
+good fellow;" but whenever he got near enough to chance a jump for the
+buggy, the horse quickened its pace a little and defeated him.  And so
+this went on, the naked man perishing with anxiety, and expecting every
+moment to see people come in sight.  He tagged on and on, imploring the
+horse, beseeching the horse, till he had left a mile behind him, and was
+closing up on the Taylor premises; then at last he was successful, and
+got into the buggy.  He flung on his shirt, his necktie, and his coat;
+then reached for--but he was too late; he sat suddenly down and pulled up
+the lap-robe, for he saw some one coming out of the gate--a woman; he
+thought.  He wheeled the horse to the left, and struck briskly up the
+cross-road.  It was perfectly straight, and exposed on both sides; but
+there were woods and a sharp turn three miles ahead, and he was very
+grateful when he got there.  As he passed around the turn he slowed down
+to a walk, and reached for his tr---- too late again.
+
+He had come upon Mrs. Enderby, Mrs.  Glossop, Mrs. Taylor, and Mary.
+They were on foot, and seemed tired and excited.  They came at once to
+the buggy and shook hands, and all spoke at once, and said eagerly and
+earnestly, how glad they were that he was come, and how fortunate it was.
+And Mrs. Enderby said, impressively:
+
+"It looks like an accident, his coming at such a time; but let no one
+profane it with such a name; he was sent--sent from on high."
+
+They were all moved, and Mrs. Glossop said in an awed voice:
+
+"Sarah Enderby, you never said a truer word in your life.  This is no
+accident, it is a special Providence.  He was sent.  He is an angel--an
+angel as truly as ever angel was--an angel of deliverance.  I say angel,
+Sarah Enderby, and will have no other word.  Don't let any one ever say
+to me again, that there's no such thing as special Providences; for if
+this isn't one, let them account for it that can."
+
+"I know it's so," said Mrs. Taylor, fervently.  "John Brown, I could
+worship you; I could go down on my knees to you.  Didn't something tell
+you?--didn't you feel that you were sent?  I could kiss the hem of your
+laprobe."
+
+He was not able to speak; he was helpless with shame and fright.  Mrs.
+Taylor went on:
+
+"Why, just look at it all around, Julia Glossop.  Any person can see the
+hand of Providence in it.  Here at noon what do we see?  We see the smoke
+rising.  I speak up and say, 'That's the Old People's cabin afire.'
+Didn't I, Julia Glossop?"
+
+"The very words you said, Nancy Taylor.  I was as close to you as I am
+now, and I heard them.  You may have said hut instead of cabin, but in
+substance it's the same.  And you were looking pale, too."
+
+"Pale?  I was that pale that if--why, you just compare it with this
+laprobe.  Then the next thing I said was, 'Mary Taylor, tell the hired
+man to rig up the team-we'll go to the rescue.'  And she said, 'Mother,
+don't you know you told him he could drive to see his people, and stay
+over Sunday?'  And it was just so.  I declare for it, I had forgotten it.
+'Then,' said I, 'we'll go afoot.'  And go we did.  And found Sarah
+Enderby on the road."
+
+"And we all went together," said Mrs.  Enderby.  "And found the cabin set
+fire to and burnt down by the crazy one, and the poor old things so old
+and feeble that they couldn't go afoot.  And we got them to a shady place
+and made them as comfortable as we could, and began to wonder which way
+to turn to find some way to get them conveyed to Nancy Taylor's house.
+And I spoke up and said--now what did I say?  Didn't I say, 'Providence
+will provide'?"
+
+"Why sure as you live, so you did!  I had forgotten it."
+
+"So had I," said Mrs. Glossop and Mrs. Taylor; "but you certainly said
+it.  Now wasn't that remarkable?"
+
+"Yes, I said it.  And then we went to Mr. Moseley's, two miles, and all
+of them were gone to the camp meeting over on Stony Fork; and then we
+came all the way back, two miles, and then here, another mile--and
+Providence has provided.  You see it yourselves"
+
+They gazed at each other awe-struck, and lifted their hands and said in
+unison:
+
+"It's per-fectly wonderful."
+
+"And then," said Mrs.  Glossop, "what do you think we had better do let
+Mr. Brown drive the Old People to Nancy Taylor's one at a time, or put
+both of them in the buggy, and him lead the horse?"
+
+Brown gasped.
+
+"Now, then, that's a question," said Mrs.  Enderby.  "You see, we are all
+tired out, and any way we fix it it's going to be difficult.  For if Mr.
+Brown takes both of them, at least one of us must, go back to help him,
+for he can't load them into the buggy by himself, and they so helpless."
+
+"That is so," said Mrs. Taylor.  "It doesn't look-oh, how would this do?
+--one of us drive there with Mr. Brown, and the rest of you go along to
+my house and get things ready.  I'll go with him.  He and I together can
+lift one of the Old People into the buggy; then drive her to my house
+and----
+
+"But who will take care of the other one?" said Mrs.  Enderby.  "We
+musn't leave her there in the woods alone, you know--especially the crazy
+one.  There and back is eight miles, you see."
+
+They had all been sitting on the grass beside the buggy for a while, now,
+trying to rest their weary bodies.  They fell silent a moment or two, and
+struggled in thought over the baffling situation; then Mrs. Enderby
+brightened and said:
+
+"I think I've got the idea, now.  You see, we can't walk any more.  Think
+what we've done: four miles there, two to Moseley's, is six, then back to
+here--nine miles since noon, and not a bite to eat; I declare I don't see
+how we've done it; and as for me, I am just famishing.  Now, somebody's
+got to go back, to help Mr. Brown--there's no getting mound that; but
+whoever goes has got to ride, not walk.  So my idea is this: one of us to
+ride back with Mr. Brown, then ride to Nancy Taylor's house with one of
+the Old People, leaving Mr. Brown to keep the other old one company, you
+all to go now to Nancy's and rest and wait; then one of you drive back
+and get the other one and drive her to Nancy's, and Mr. Brown walk."
+
+"Splendid!" they all cried.  "Oh, that will do--that will answer
+perfectly."  And they all said that Mrs.  Enderby had the best head for
+planning, in the company; and they said that they wondered that they
+hadn't thought of this simple plan themselves.  They hadn't meant to take
+back the compliment, good simple souls, and didn't know they had done it.
+After a consultation it was decided that Mrs. Enderby should drive back
+with Brown, she being entitled to the distinction because she had
+invented the plan.  Everything now being satisfactorily arranged and
+settled, the ladies rose, relieved and happy, and brushed down their
+gowns, and three of them started homeward; Mrs. Enderby set her foot on
+the buggy-step and was about to climb in, when Brown found a remnant of
+his voice and gasped out--
+
+"Please Mrs. Enderby, call them back--I am very weak; I can't walk, I
+can't, indeed."
+
+"Why, dear Mr. Brown!  You do look pale; I am ashamed of myself that I
+didn't notice it sooner.  Come back-all of you!  Mr. Brown is not well.
+Is there anything I can do for you, Mr. Brown?--I'm real sorry.  Are you
+in pain?"
+
+"No, madam, only weak; I am not sick, but only just weak--lately; not
+long, but just lately."
+
+The others came back, and poured out their sympathies and commiserations,
+and were full of self-reproaches for not having noticed how pale he was.
+
+And they at once struck out a new plan, and soon agreed that it was by
+far the best of all.  They would all go to Nancy Taylor's house and see
+to Brown's needs first.  He could lie on the sofa in the parlor, and
+while Mrs. Taylor and Mary took care of him the other two ladies would
+take the buggy and go and get one of the Old People, and leave one of
+themselves with the other one, and----
+
+By this time, without any solicitation, they were at the horse's head and
+were beginning to turn him around.  The danger was imminent, but Brown
+found his voice again and saved himself.  He said--
+
+"But ladies, you are overlooking something which makes the plan
+impracticable.  You see, if you bring one of them home, and one remains
+behind with the other, there will be three persons there when one of you
+comes back for that other, for some one must drive the buggy back, and
+three can't come home in it."
+
+They all exclaimed, "Why, sure-ly, that is so!" and they were, all
+perplexed again.
+
+"Dear, dear, what can we do?" said Mrs.  Glossop; "it is the most
+mixed-up thing that ever was.  The fox and the goose and the corn and
+things-- Oh, dear, they are nothing to it."
+
+They sat wearily down once more, to further torture their tormented heads
+for a plan that would work.  Presently Mary offered a plan; it was her
+first effort.  She said:
+
+"I am young and strong, and am refreshed, now.  Take Mr. Brown to our
+house, and give him help--you see how plainly he needs it.  I will go
+back and take care of the Old People; I can be there in twenty minutes.
+You can go on and do what you first started to do--wait on the main road
+at our house until somebody comes along with a wagon; then send and bring
+away the three of us.  You won't have to wait long; the farmers will soon
+be coming back from town, now.  I will keep old Polly patient and cheered
+up--the crazy one doesn't need it."
+
+This plan was discussed and accepted; it seemed the best that could be
+done, in the circumstances, and the Old People must be getting
+discouraged by this time.
+
+Brown felt relieved, and was deeply thankful.  Let him once get to the
+main road and he would find a way to escape.
+
+Then Mrs. Taylor said:
+
+"The evening chill will be coming on, pretty soon, and those poor old
+burnt-out things will need some kind of covering.  Take the lap-robe with
+you, dear."
+
+"Very well, Mother, I will."
+
+She stepped to the buggy and put out her hand to take it----
+
+That was the end of the tale.  The passenger who told it said that when
+he read the story twenty-five years ago in a train he was interrupted at
+that point--the train jumped off a bridge.
+
+At first we thought we could finish the story quite easily, and we set to
+work with confidence; but it soon began to appear that it was not a
+simple thing, but difficult and baffling.  This was on account of Brown's
+character--great generosity and kindliness, but complicated with unusual
+shyness and diffidence, particularly in the presence of ladies.  There
+was his love for Mary, in a hopeful state but not yet secure--just in a
+condition, indeed, where its affair must be handled with great tact, and
+no mistakes made, no offense given.  And there was the mother wavering,
+half willing-by adroit and flawless diplomacy to be won over, now, or
+perhaps never at all.  Also, there were the helpless Old People yonder in
+the woods waiting-their fate and Brown's happiness to be determined by
+what Brown should do within the next two seconds.  Mary was reaching for
+the lap-robe; Brown must decide-there was no time to be lost.
+
+Of course none but a happy ending of the story would be accepted by the
+jury; the finish must find Brown in high credit with the ladies, his
+behavior without blemish, his modesty unwounded, his character for self
+sacrifice maintained, the Old People rescued through him, their
+benefactor, all the party proud of him, happy in him, his praises on all
+their tongues.
+
+We tried to arrange this, but it was beset with persistent and
+irreconcilable difficulties.  We saw that Brown's shyness would not allow
+him to give up the lap-robe.  This would offend Mary and her mother; and
+it would surprise the other ladies, partly because this stinginess toward
+the suffering Old People would be out of character with Brown, and partly
+because he was a special Providence and could not properly act so.  If
+asked to explain his conduct, his shyness would not allow him to tell the
+truth, and lack of invention and practice would find him incapable of
+contriving a lie that would wash.  We worked at the troublesome problem
+until three in the morning.
+
+Meantime Mary was still reaching for the lap-robe.  We gave it up, and
+decided to let her continue to reach.  It is the reader's privilege to
+determine for himself how the thing came out.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+It is more trouble to make a maxim than it is to do right.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+On the seventh day out we saw a dim vast bulk standing up out of the
+wastes of the Pacific and knew that that spectral promontory was Diamond
+Head, a piece of this world which I had not seen before for twenty-nine
+years.  So we were nearing Honolulu, the capital city of the Sandwich
+Islands--those islands which to me were Paradise; a Paradise which I had
+been longing all those years to see again.  Not any other thing in the
+world could have stirred me as the sight of that great rock did.
+
+In the night we anchored a mile from shore.  Through my port I could see
+the twinkling lights of Honolulu and the dark bulk of the mountain-range
+that stretched away right and left.  I could not make out the beautiful
+Nuuana valley, but I knew where it lay, and remembered how it used to
+look in the old times.  We used to ride up it on horseback in those days
+--we young people--and branch off and gather bones in a sandy region
+where one of the first Kamehameha's battles was fought.  He was a
+remarkable man, for a king; and he was also a remarkable man for a
+savage.  He was a mere kinglet and of little or no consequence at the
+time of Captain Cook's arrival in 1788; but about four years afterward he
+conceived the idea of enlarging his sphere of influence.  That is a
+courteous modern phrase which means robbing your neighbor--for your
+neighbor's benefit; and the great theater of its benevolences is Africa.
+Kamehameha went to war, and in the course of ten years he whipped out all
+the other kings and made himself master of every one of the nine or ten
+islands that form the group.  But he did more than that.  He bought
+ships, freighted them with sandal wood and other native products, and
+sent them as far as South America and China; he sold to his savages the
+foreign stuffs and tools and utensils which came back in these ships, and
+started the march of civilization.  It is doubtful if the match to this
+extraordinary thing is to be found in the history of any other savage.
+Savages are eager to learn from the white man any new way to kill each
+other, but it is not their habit to seize with avidity and apply with
+energy the larger and nobler ideas which he offers them.  The details of
+Kamehameha's history show that he was always hospitably ready to examine
+the white man's ideas, and that he exercised a tidy discrimination in
+making his selections from the samples placed on view.
+
+A shrewder discrimination than was exhibited by his son and successor,
+Liholiho, I think.  Liholiho could have qualified as a reformer, perhaps,
+but as a king he was a mistake.  A mistake because he tried to be both
+king and reformer.  This is mixing fire and gunpowder together.  A king
+has no proper business with reforming.  His best policy is to keep things
+as they are; and if he can't do that, he ought to try to make them worse
+than they are.  This is not guesswork; I have thought over this matter a
+good deal, so that if I should ever have a chance to become a king I
+would know how to conduct the business in the best way.
+
+When Liholiho succeeded his father he found himself possessed of an
+equipment of royal tools and safeguards which a wiser king would have
+known how to husband, and judiciously employ, and make profitable.  The
+entire country was under the one scepter, and his was that scepter.
+There was an Established Church, and he was the head of it.  There was a
+Standing Army, and he was the head of that; an Army of 114 privates under
+command of 27 Generals and a Field Marshal.  There was a proud and
+ancient Hereditary Nobility.  There was still one other asset.  This was
+the tabu--an agent endowed with a mysterious and stupendous power, an
+agent not found among the properties of any European monarch, a tool of
+inestimable value in the business.  Liholiho was headmaster of the tabu.
+The tabu was the most ingenious and effective of all the inventions that
+has ever been devised for keeping a people's privileges satisfactorily
+restricted.
+
+It required the sexes to live in separate houses.  It did not allow
+people to eat in either house; they must eat in another place.  It did
+not allow a man's woman-folk to enter his house.  It did not allow the
+sexes to eat together; the men must eat first, and the women must wait on
+them.  Then the women could eat what was left--if anything was left--and
+wait on themselves.  I mean, if anything of a coarse or unpalatable sort
+was left, the women could have it.  But not the good things, the fine
+things, the choice things, such as pork, poultry, bananas, cocoanuts, the
+choicer varieties of fish, and so on.  By the tabu, all these were sacred
+to the men; the women spent their lives longing for them and wondering
+what they might taste like; and they died without finding out.
+
+These rules, as you see, were quite simple and clear.  It was easy to
+remember them; and useful.  For the penalty for infringing any rule in
+the whole list was death.  Those women easily learned to put up with
+shark and taro and dog for a diet when the other things were so
+expensive.
+
+It was death for any one to walk upon tabu'd ground; or defile a tabu'd
+thing with his touch; or fail in due servility to a chief; or step upon
+the king's shadow.  The nobles and the King and the priests were always
+suspending little rags here and there and yonder, to give notice to the
+people that the decorated spot or thing was tabu, and death lurking near.
+The struggle for life was difficult and chancy in the islands in those
+days.
+
+Thus advantageously was the new king situated.  Will it be believed that
+the first thing he did was to destroy his Established Church, root and
+branch?  He did indeed do that.  To state the case figuratively, he was a
+prosperous sailor who burnt his ship and took to a raft.  This Church was
+a horrid thing.  It heavily oppressed the people; it kept them always
+trembling in the gloom of mysterious threatenings; it slaughtered them in
+sacrifice before its grotesque idols of wood and stone; it cowed them, it
+terrorized them, it made them slaves to its priests, and through the
+priests to the king.  It was the best friend a king could have, and the
+most dependable.  To a professional reformer who should annihilate so
+frightful and so devastating a power as this Church, reverence and praise
+would be due; but to a king who should do it, could properly be due
+nothing but reproach; reproach softened by sorrow; sorrow for his
+unfitness for his position.
+
+He destroyed his Established Church, and his kingdom is a republic today,
+in consequence of that act.
+
+When he destroyed the Church and burned the idols he did a mighty thing
+for civilization and for his people's weal--but it was not "business."
+It was unkingly, it was inartistic.  It made trouble for his line.  The
+American missionaries arrived while the burned idols were still smoking.
+They found the nation without a religion, and they repaired the defect.
+They offered their own religion and it was gladly received.  But it was
+no support to arbitrary kingship, and so the kingly power began to weaken
+from that day.  Forty-seven years later, when I was in the islands,
+Kainehameha V.  was trying to repair Liholiho's blunder, and not
+succeeding.  He had set up an Established Church and made himself the
+head of it.  But it was only a pinchbeck thing, an imitation, a bauble,
+an empty show.  It had no power, no value for a king.  It could not harry
+or burn or slay, it in no way resembled the admirable machine which
+Liholiho destroyed.  It was an Established Church without an
+Establishment; all the people were Dissenters.
+
+Long before that, the kingship had itself become but a name, a show.  At
+an early day the missionaries had turned it into something very much like
+a republic; and here lately the business whites have turned it into
+something exactly like it.
+
+In Captain Cook's time (1778), the native population of the islands was
+estimated at 400,000; in 1836 at something short of 200,000, in 1866 at
+50,000; it is to-day, per census, 25,000.  All intelligent people praise
+Kamehameha I. and Liholiho for conferring upon their people the great
+boon of civilization.  I would do it myself, but my intelligence is out
+of repair, now, from over-work.
+
+When I was in the islands nearly a generation ago, I was acquainted with
+a young American couple who had among their belongings an attractive
+little son of the age of seven--attractive but not practicably
+companionable with me, because he knew no English.  He had played from
+his birth with the little Kanakas on his father's plantation, and had
+preferred their language and would learn no other.  The family removed to
+America a month after I arrived in the islands, and straightway the boy
+began to lose his Kanaka and pick up English.  By the time he was twelve
+be hadn't a word of Kanaka left; the language had wholly departed from
+his tongue and from his comprehension.  Nine years later, when he was
+twenty-one, I came upon the family in one of the lake towns of New York,
+and the mother told me about an adventure which her son had been having.
+By trade he was now a professional diver.  A passenger boat had been
+caught in a storm on the lake, and had gone down, carrying her people
+with her.  A few days later the young diver descended, with his armor on,
+and entered the berth-saloon of the boat, and stood at the foot of the
+companionway, with his hand on the rail, peering through the dim water.
+Presently something touched him on the shoulder, and he turned and found
+a dead man swaying and bobbing about him and seemingly inspecting him
+inquiringly.  He was paralyzed with fright.  His entry had disturbed the
+water, and now he discerned a number of dim corpses making for him and
+wagging their heads and swaying their bodies like sleepy people trying to
+dance.  His senses forsook him, and in that condition he was drawn to the
+surface.  He was put to bed at home, and was soon very ill.  During some
+days he had seasons of delirium which lasted several hours at a time; and
+while they lasted he talked Kanaka incessantly and glibly; and Kanaka
+only.  He was still very ill, and he talked to me in that tongue; but I
+did not understand it, of course.  The doctor-books tell us that cases
+like this are not uncommon.  Then the doctors ought to study the cases
+and find out how to multiply them.  Many languages and things get mislaid
+in a person's head, and stay mislaid for lack of this remedy.
+
+Many memories of my former visit to the islands came up in my mind while
+we lay at anchor in front of Honolulu that night.  And pictures--pictures
+pictures--an enchanting procession of them!  I was impatient for the
+morning to come.
+
+When it came it brought disappointment, of course.  Cholera had broken
+out in the town, and we were not allowed to have any communication with
+the shore.  Thus suddenly did my dream of twenty-nine years go to ruin.
+Messages came from friends, but the friends themselves I was not to have
+any sight of.  My lecture-hall was ready, but I was not to see that,
+either.
+
+Several of our passengers belonged in Honolulu, and these were sent
+ashore; but nobody could go ashore and return.  There were people on
+shore who were booked to go with us to Australia, but we could not
+receive them; to do it would cost us a quarantine-term in Sydney.  They
+could have escaped the day before, by ship to San Francisco; but the bars
+had been put up, now, and they might have to wait weeks before any ship
+could venture to give them a passage any whither.  And there were
+hardships for others.  An elderly lady and her son, recreation-seekers
+from Massachusetts, had wandered westward, further and further from home,
+always intending to take the return track, but always concluding to go
+still a little further; and now here they were at anchor before Honolulu
+positively their last westward-bound indulgence--they had made up their
+minds to that--but where is the use in making up your mind in this world?
+It is usually a waste of time to do it.  These two would have to stay
+with us as far as Australia.  Then they could go on around the world, or
+go back the way they had come; the distance and the accommodations and
+outlay of time would be just the same, whichever of the two routes they
+might elect to take.  Think of it: a projected excursion of five hundred
+miles gradually enlarged, without any elaborate degree of intention, to a
+possible twenty-four thousand.  However, they were used to extensions by
+this time, and did not mind this new one much.
+
+And we had with us a lawyer from Victoria, who had been sent out by the
+Government on an international matter, and he had brought his wife with
+him and left the children at home with the servants and now what was to
+be done?  Go ashore amongst the cholera and take the risks?  Most
+certainly not.  They decided to go on, to the Fiji islands, wait there a
+fortnight for the next ship, and then sail for home.  They couldn't
+foresee that they wouldn't see a homeward-bound ship again for six weeks,
+and that no word could come to them from the children, and no word go
+from them to the children in all that time.  It is easy to make plans in
+this world; even a cat can do it; and when one is out in those remote
+oceans it is noticeable that a cat's plans and a man's are worth about
+the same.  There is much the same shrinkage in both, in the matter of
+values.
+
+There was nothing for us to do but sit about the decks in the shade of
+the awnings and look at the distant shore.  We lay in luminous blue
+water; shoreward the water was green-green and brilliant; at the shore
+itself it broke in a long white ruffle, and with no crash, no sound that
+we could hear.  The town was buried under a mat of foliage that looked
+like a cushion of moss.  The silky mountains were clothed in soft, rich
+splendors of melting color, and some of the cliffs were veiled in
+slanting mists.  I recognized it all.  It was just as I had seen it long
+before, with nothing of its beauty lost, nothing of its charm wanting.
+
+A change had come, but that was political, and not visible from the ship.
+The monarchy of my day was gone, and a republic was sitting in its seat.
+It was not a material change.  The old imitation pomps, the fuss and
+feathers, have departed, and the royal trademark--that is about all that
+one could miss, I suppose.  That imitation monarchy, was grotesque
+enough, in my time; if it had held on another thirty years it would have
+been a monarchy without subjects of the king's race.
+
+We had a sunset of a very fine sort.  The vast plain of the sea was
+marked off in bands of sharply-contrasted colors: great stretches of dark
+blue, others of purple, others of polished bronze; the billowy mountains
+showed all sorts of dainty browns and greens, blues and purples and
+blacks, and the rounded velvety backs of certain of them made one want to
+stroke them, as one would the sleek back of a cat.  The long, sloping
+promontory projecting into the sea at the west turned dim and leaden and
+spectral, then became suffused with pink--dissolved itself in a pink
+dream, so to speak, it seemed so airy and unreal.  Presently the
+cloud-rack was flooded with fiery splendors, and these were copied on the
+surface of the sea, and it made one drunk with delight to look upon it.
+
+From talks with certain of our passengers whose home was Honolulu, and
+from a sketch by Mrs. Mary H. Krout, I was able to perceive what the
+Honolulu of to-day is, as compared with the Honolulu of my time.  In my
+time it was a beautiful little town, made up of snow-white wooden
+cottages deliciously smothered in tropical vines and flowers and trees
+and shrubs; and its coral roads and streets were hard and smooth, and as
+white as the houses.  The outside aspects of the place suggested the
+presence of a modest and comfortable prosperity--a general prosperity
+--perhaps one might strengthen the term and say universal.  There were no
+fine houses, no fine furniture.  There were no decorations.  Tallow
+candles furnished the light for the bedrooms, a whale-oil lamp furnished
+it for the parlor.  Native matting served as carpeting.  In the parlor
+one would find two or three lithographs on the walls--portraits as a
+rule: Kamehameha IV., Louis Kossuth, Jenny Lind; and may be an engraving
+or two: Rebecca at the Well, Moses smiting the rock, Joseph's servants
+finding the cup in Benjamin's sack.  There would be a center table, with
+books of a tranquil sort on it: The Whole Duty of Man, Baxter's Saints'
+Rest, Fox's Martyrs, Tupper's Proverbial Philosophy, bound copies of The
+Missionary Herald and of Father Damon's Seaman's Friend.  A melodeon; a
+music stand, with 'Willie, We have Missed You', 'Star of the Evening',
+'Roll on Silver Moon', 'Are We Most There', 'I Would not Live Alway', and
+other songs of love and sentiment, together with an assortment of hymns.
+A what-not with semi-globular glass paperweights, enclosing miniature
+pictures of ships, New England rural snowstorms, and the like; sea-shells
+with Bible texts carved on them in cameo style; native curios; whale's
+tooth with full-rigged ship carved on it.  There was nothing reminiscent
+of foreign parts, for nobody had been abroad.  Trips were made to San
+Francisco, but that could not be called going abroad.  Comprehensively
+speaking, nobody traveled.
+
+But Honolulu has grown wealthy since then, and of course wealth has
+introduced changes; some of the old simplicities have disappeared.  Here
+is a modern house, as pictured by Mrs.  Krout:
+
+     "Almost every house is surrounded by extensive lawns and gardens
+     enclosed by walls of volcanic stone or by thick hedges of the
+     brilliant hibiscus.
+
+     "The houses are most tastefully and comfortably furnished; the
+     floors are either of hard wood covered with rugs or with fine Indian
+     matting, while there is a preference, as in most warm countries, for
+     rattan or bamboo furniture; there are the usual accessories of
+     bric-a-brac, pictures, books, and curios from all parts of the world,
+     for these island dwellers are indefatigable travelers.
+
+     "Nearly every house has what is called a lanai.  It is a large
+     apartment, roofed, floored, open on three sides, with a door or a
+     draped archway opening into the drawing-room.  Frequently the roof
+     is formed by the thick interlacing boughs of the hou tree,
+     impervious to the sun and even to the rain, except in violent
+     storms.  Vines are trained about the sides--the stephanotis or some
+     one of the countless fragrant and blossoming trailers which abound
+     in the islands.  There are also curtains of matting that may be
+     drawn to exclude the sun or rain.  The floor is bare for coolness,
+     or partially covered with rugs, and the lanai is prettily furnished
+     with comfortable chairs, sofas, and tables loaded with flowers, or
+     wonderful ferns in pots.
+
+     "The lanai is the favorite reception room, and here at any social
+     function the musical program is given and cakes and ices are served;
+     here morning callers are received, or gay riding parties, the ladies
+     in pretty divided skirts, worn for convenience in riding astride,
+     --the universal mode adopted by Europeans and Americans, as well as
+     by the natives.
+
+     "The comfort and luxury of such an apartment, especially at a
+     seashore villa, can hardly be imagined.  The soft breezes sweep
+     across it, heavy with the fragrance of jasmine and gardenia, and
+     through the swaying boughs of palm and mimosa there are glimpses of
+     rugged mountains, their summits veiled in clouds, of purple sea with
+     the white surf beating eternally against the reefs, whiter still in
+     the yellow sunlight or the magical moonlight of the tropics."
+
+There: rugs, ices, pictures, lanais, worldly books, sinful bric-a-brac
+fetched from everywhere.  And the ladies riding astride.  These are
+changes, indeed.  In my time the native women rode astride, but the white
+ones lacked the courage to adopt their wise custom.  In my time ice was
+seldom seen in Honolulu.  It sometimes came in sailing vessels from New
+England as ballast; and then, if there happened to be a man-of-war in
+port and balls and suppers raging by consequence, the ballast was worth
+six hundred dollars a ton, as is evidenced by reputable tradition.  But
+the ice-machine has traveled all over the world, now, and brought ice
+within everybody's reach.  In Lapland and Spitzbergen no one uses native
+ice in our day, except the bears and the walruses.
+
+The bicycle is not mentioned.  It was not necessary.  We know that it is
+there, without inquiring.  It is everywhere.  But for it, people could
+never have had summer homes on the summit of Mont Blanc; before its day,
+property up there had but a nominal value.  The ladies of the Hawaiian
+capital learned too late the right way to occupy a horse--too late to get
+much benefit from it.  The riding-horse is retiring from business
+everywhere in the world.  In Honolulu a few years from now he will be
+only a tradition.
+
+We all know about Father Damien, the French priest who voluntarily
+forsook the world and went to the leper island of Molokai to labor among
+its population of sorrowful exiles who wait there, in slow-consuming
+misery, for death to cone and release them from their troubles; and we
+know that the thing which he knew beforehand would happen, did happen:
+that he became a leper himself, and died of that horrible disease.  There
+was still another case of self-sacrifice, it appears.  I asked after
+"Billy" Ragsdale, interpreter to the Parliament in my time--a half-white.
+He was a brilliant young fellow, and very popular.  As an interpreter he
+would have been hard to match anywhere.  He used to stand up in the
+Parliament and turn the English speeches into Hawaiian and the Hawaiian
+speeches into English with a readiness and a volubility that were
+astonishing.  I asked after him, and was told that his prosperous career
+was cut short in a sudden and unexpected way, just as he was about to
+marry a beautiful half-caste girl.  He discovered, by some nearly
+invisible sign about his skin, that the poison of leprosy was in him.
+The secret was his own, and might be kept concealed for years; but he
+would not be treacherous to the girl that loved him; he would not marry
+her to a doom like his.  And so he put his affairs in order, and went
+around to all his friends and bade them good-bye, and sailed in the leper
+ship to Molokai.  There he died the loathsome and lingering death that
+all lepers die.
+
+In this place let me insert a paragraph or two from "The Paradise of
+the Pacific" (Rev. H. H. Gowen)--
+
+     "Poor lepers!  It is easy for those who have no relatives or friends
+     among them to enforce the decree of segregation to the letter, but
+     who can write of the terrible, the heart-breaking scenes which that
+     enforcement has brought about?
+
+     "A man upon Hawaii was suddenly taken away after a summary arrest,
+     leaving behind him a helpless wife about to give birth to a babe.
+     The devoted wife with great pain and risk came the whole journey to
+     Honolulu, and pleaded until the authorities were unable to resist
+     her entreaty that she might go and live like a leper with her leper
+     husband.
+
+     "A woman in the prime of life and activity is condemned as an
+     incipient leper, suddenly removed from her home, and her husband
+     returns to find his two helpless babes moaning for their lost
+     mother.
+
+     "Imagine it!  The case of the babies is hard, but its bitterness is
+     a trifle--less than a trifle--less than nothing--compared to what
+     the mother must suffer; and suffer minute by minute, hour by hour,
+     day by day, month by month, year by year, without respite, relief,
+     or any abatement of her pain till she dies.
+
+     "One woman, Luka Kaaukau, has been living with her leper husband in
+     the settlement for twelve years.  The man has scarcely a joint left,
+     his limbs are only distorted ulcerated stumps, for four years his
+     wife has put every particle of food into his mouth.  He wanted his
+     wife to abandon his wretched carcass long ago, as she herself was
+     sound and well, but Luka said that she was content to remain and
+     wait on the man she loved till the spirit should be freed from its
+     burden.
+
+     "I myself have known hard cases enough:--of a girl, apparently in
+     full health, decorating the church with me at Easter, who before
+     Christmas is taken away as a confirmed leper; of a mother hiding her
+     child in the mountains for years so that not even her dearest
+     friends knew that she had a child alive, that he might not be taken
+     away; of a respectable white man taken away from his wife and
+     family, and compelled to become a dweller in the Leper Settlement,
+     where he is counted dead, even by the insurance companies."
+
+And one great pity of it all is, that these poor sufferers are innocent.
+The leprosy does not come of sins which they committed, but of sins
+committed by their ancestors, who escaped the curse of leprosy!
+
+Mr. Gowan has made record of a certain very striking circumstance.  Would
+you expect to find in that awful Leper Settlement a custom worthy to be
+transplanted to your own country?  They have one such, and it is
+inexpressibly touching and beautiful.  When death sets open the
+prison-door of life there, the band salutes the freed soul with a burst
+of glad music!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+A dozen direct censures are easier to bear than one morganatic
+compliment.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Sailed from Honolulu.--From diary:
+
+Sept. 2.  Flocks of flying fish-slim, shapely, graceful, and intensely
+white.  With the sun on them they look like a flight of silver
+fruit-knives.  They are able to fly a hundred yards.
+
+Sept. 3.  In 9 deg. 50' north latitude, at breakfast.  Approaching the
+equator on a long slant.  Those of us who have never seen the equator are
+a good deal excited.  I think I would rather see it than any other thing
+in the world.  We entered the "doldrums" last night--variable winds,
+bursts of rain, intervals of calm, with chopping seas and a wobbly and
+drunken motion to the ship--a condition of things findable in
+other regions sometimes, but present in the doldrums always.  The
+globe-girdling belt called the doldrums is 20 degrees wide, and the
+thread called the equator lies along the middle of it.
+
+Sept. 4.  Total eclipse of the moon last night.  At 1.30 it began to go
+off.  At total--or about that--it was like a rich rosy cloud with a
+tumbled surface framed in the circle and projecting from it--a bulge of
+strawberry-ice, so to speak.  At half-eclipse the moon was like a gilded
+acorn in its cup.
+
+Sept. 5.  Closing in on the equator this noon.  A sailor explained to a
+young girl that the ship's speed is poor because we are climbing up the
+bulge toward the center of the globe; but that when we should once get
+over, at the equator, and start down-hill, we should fly.  When she asked
+him the other day what the fore-yard was, he said it was the front yard,
+the open area in the front end of the ship.  That man has a good deal of
+learning stored up, and the girl is likely to get it all.
+
+Afternoon.  Crossed the equator.  In the distance it looked like a blue
+ribbon stretched across the ocean.  Several passengers kodak'd it.  We
+had no fool ceremonies, no fantastics, no horse play.  All that sort of
+thing has gone out.  In old times a sailor, dressed as Neptune, used to
+come in over the bows, with his suite, and lather up and shave everybody
+who was crossing the equator for the first time, and then cleanse these
+unfortunates by swinging them from the yard-arm and ducking them three
+times in the sea. This was considered funny.  Nobody knows why.  No, that
+is not true.  We do know why.  Such a thing could never be funny on land;
+no part of the old-time grotesque performances gotten up on shipboard to
+celebrate the passage of the line would ever be funny on shore--they
+would seem dreary and less to shore people.  But the shore people would
+change their minds about it at sea, on a long voyage.  On such a voyage,
+with its eternal monotonies, people's intellects deteriorate; the owners
+of the intellects soon reach a point where they almost seem to prefer
+childish things to things of a maturer degree.  One is often surprised at
+the juvenilities which grown people indulge in at sea, and the interest
+they take in them, and the consuming enjoyment they get out of them.
+This is on long voyages only.  The mind gradually becomes inert, dull,
+blunted; it loses its accustomed interest in intellectual things; nothing
+but horse-play can rouse it, nothing but wild and foolish grotesqueries
+can entertain it.  On short voyages it makes no such exposure of itself;
+it hasn't time to slump down to this sorrowful level.
+
+The short-voyage passenger gets his chief physical exercise out of
+"horse-billiards"--shovel-board.  It is a good game.  We play it in this
+ship.  A quartermaster chalks off a diagram like this-on the deck.
+
+The player uses a cue that is like a broom-handle with a quarter-moon of
+wood fastened to the end of it.  With this he shoves wooden disks the
+size of a saucer--he gives the disk a vigorous shove and sends it fifteen
+or twenty feet along the deck and lands it in one of the squares if he
+can.  If it stays there till the inning is played out, it will count as
+many points in the game as the figure in the square it has stopped in
+represents.  The adversary plays to knock that disk out and leave his own
+in its place--particularly if it rests upon the 9 or 10 or some other of
+the high numbers; but if it rests in the "10off" he backs it up--lands
+his disk behind it a foot or two, to make it difficult for its owner to
+knock it out of that damaging place and improve his record.  When the
+inning is played out it may be found that each adversary has placed his
+four disks where they count; it may be found that some of them are
+touching chalk lines and not counting; and very often it will be found
+that there has been a general wreckage, and that not a disk has been left
+within the diagram.  Anyway, the result is recorded, whatever it is, and
+the game goes on.  The game is 100 points, and it takes from twenty
+minutes to forty to play it, according to luck and the condition of the
+sea.  It is an exciting game, and the crowd of spectators furnish
+abundance of applause for fortunate shots and plenty of laughter for the
+other kind.  It is a game of skill, but at the same time the uneasy
+motion of the ship is constantly interfering with skill; this makes it a
+chancy game, and the element of luck comes largely in.
+
+We had a couple of grand tournaments, to determine who should be
+"Champion of the Pacific"; they included among the participants nearly
+all the passengers, of both sexes, and the officers of the ship, and they
+afforded many days of stupendous interest and excitement, and murderous
+exercise--for horse-billiards is a physically violent game.
+
+The figures in the following record of some of the closing games in the
+first tournament will show, better than any description, how very chancy
+the game is.  The losers here represented had all been winners in the
+previous games of the series, some of them by fine majorities:
+
+Chase,102      Mrs.  D.,57    Mortimer, 105  The Surgeon, 92
+Miss C.,105    Mrs.  T.,9     Clemens, 101   Taylor,92
+Taylor,109     Davies,95      Miss C., 108   Mortimer,55
+Thomas,102     Roper,76       Clemens, 111   Miss C.,89
+Coomber, 106   Chase,98
+
+And so on; until but three couples of winners were left.  Then I beat my
+man, young Smith beat his man, and Thomas beat his.  This reduced the
+combatants to three.  Smith and I took the deck, and I led off.  At the
+close of the first inning I was 10 worse than nothing and Smith had
+scored 7.  The luck continued against me.  When I was 57, Smith was 97
+--within 3 of out.  The luck changed then.  He picked up a 10-off or so,
+and couldn't recover.  I beat him.
+
+The next game would end tournament No. 1.
+
+Mr. Thomas and I were the contestants.  He won the lead and went to the
+bat--so to speak.  And there he stood, with the crotch of his cue resting
+against his disk while the ship rose slowly up, sank slowly down, rose
+again, sank again.  She never seemed to rise to suit him exactly.  She
+started up once more; and when she was nearly ready for the turn, he let
+drive and landed his disk just within the left-hand end of the 10.
+(Applause).  The umpire proclaimed "a good 10," and the game-keeper set
+it down.  I played: my disk grazed the edge of Mr. Thomas's disk, and
+went out of the diagram.  (No applause.)
+
+Mr. Thomas played again--and landed his second disk alongside of the
+first, and almost touching its right-hand side.  "Good 10." (Great
+applause.)
+
+I played, and missed both of them.  (No applause.)
+
+Mr. Thomas delivered his third shot and landed his disk just at the right
+of the other two.  "Good 10." (Immense applause.)
+
+There they lay, side by side, the three in a row.  It did not seem
+possible that anybody could miss them.  Still I did it.  (Immense
+silence.)
+
+Mr. Thomas played his last disk.  It seems incredible, but he actually
+landed that disk alongside of the others, and just to the right of them-a
+straight solid row of 4 disks.  (Tumultuous and long-continued applause.)
+
+Then I played my last disk.  Again it did not seem possible that anybody
+could miss that row--a row which would have been 14 inches long if the
+disks had been clamped together; whereas, with the spaces separating them
+they made a longer row than that.  But I did it.  It may be that I was
+getting nervous.
+
+I think it unlikely that that innings has ever had its parallel in the
+history of horse-billiards.  To place the four disks side by side in the
+10 was an extraordinary feat; indeed, it was a kind of miracle.  To miss
+them was another miracle.  It will take a century to produce another man
+who can place the four disks in the 10; and longer than that to find a
+man who can't knock them out.  I was ashamed of my performance at the
+time, but now that I reflect upon it I see that it was rather fine and
+difficult.
+
+Mr. Thomas kept his luck, and won the game, and later the championship.
+
+In a minor tournament I won the prize, which was a Waterbury watch.  I
+put it in my trunk.  In Pretoria, South Africa, nine months afterward, my
+proper watch broke down and I took the Waterbury out, wound it, set it by
+the great clock on the Parliament House (8.05), then went back to my room
+and went to bed, tired from a long railway journey.  The parliamentary
+clock had a peculiarity which I was not aware of at the time
+--a peculiarity which exists in no other clock, and would not exist in that
+one if it had been made by a sane person; on the half-hour it strikes the
+succeeding hour, then strikes the hour again, at the proper time.  I lay
+reading and smoking awhile; then, when I could hold my eyes open no
+longer and was about to put out the light, the great clock began to boom,
+and I counted ten.  I reached for the Waterbury to see how it was getting
+along.  It was marking 9.30.  It seemed rather poor speed for a
+three-dollar watch, but I supposed that the climate was affecting it.  I
+shoved it half an hour ahead; and took to my book and waited to see what
+would happen.  At 10 the great clock struck ten again.  I looked--the
+Waterbury was marking half-past 10.  This was too much speed for the
+money, and it troubled me.  I pushed the hands back a half hour, and
+waited once more; I had to, for I was vexed and restless now, and my
+sleepiness was gone. By and by the great clock struck 11.  The Waterbury
+was marking 10.30.  I pushed it ahead half an hour, with some show of
+temper.  By and by the great clock struck 11 again.  The Waterbury showed
+up 11.30, now, and I beat her brains out against the bedstead.  I was
+sorry next day, when I found out.
+
+To return to the ship.
+
+The average human being is a perverse creature; and when he isn't that,
+he is a practical joker.  The result to the other person concerned is
+about the same: that is, he is made to suffer.  The washing down of the
+decks begins at a very early hour in all ships; in but few ships are any
+measures taken to protect the passengers, either by waking or warning
+them, or by sending a steward to close their ports.  And so the
+deckwashers have their opportunity, and they use it.  They send a bucket
+of water slashing along the side of the ship and into the ports,
+drenching the passenger's clothes, and often the passenger himself.  This
+good old custom prevailed in this ship, and under unusually favorable
+circumstances, for in the blazing tropical regions a removable zinc thing
+like a sugarshovel projects from the port to catch the wind and bring it
+in; this thing catches the wash-water and brings it in, too--and in
+flooding abundance.  Mrs. L, an invalid, had to sleep on the locker--sofa
+under her port, and every time she over-slept and thus failed to take
+care of herself, the deck-washers drowned her out.
+
+And the painters, what a good time they had!  This ship would be going
+into dock for a month in Sydney for repairs; but no matter, painting was
+going on all the time somewhere or other.  The ladies' dresses were
+constantly getting ruined, nevertheless protests and supplications went
+for nothing.  Sometimes a lady, taking an afternoon nap on deck near a
+ventilator or some other thing that didn't need painting, would wake up
+by and by and find that the humorous painter had been noiselessly daubing
+that thing and had splattered her white gown all over with little greasy
+yellow spots.
+
+The blame for this untimely painting did not lie with the ship's
+officers, but with custom.  As far back as Noah's time it became law that
+ships must be constantly painted and fussed at when at sea; custom grew
+out of the law, and at sea custom knows no death; this custom will
+continue until the sea goes dry.
+
+Sept. 8.--Sunday.  We are moving so nearly south that we cross only about
+two meridians of longitude a day.  This morning we were in longitude 178
+west from Greenwich, and 57 degrees west from San Francisco.  To-morrow
+we shall be close to the center of the globe--the 180th degree of west
+longitude and 180th degree of east longitude.
+
+And then we must drop out a day-lose a day out of our lives, a day never
+to be found again.  We shall all die one day earlier than from the
+beginning of time we were foreordained to die.  We shall be a day
+behindhand all through eternity.  We shall always be saying to the other
+angels, "Fine day today," and they will be always retorting, "But it
+isn't to-day, it's tomorrow." We shall be in a state of confusion all the
+time and shall never know what true happiness is.
+
+Next Day.  Sure enough, it has happened.  Yesterday it was September 8,
+Sunday; to-day, per the bulletin-board at the head of the companionway,
+it is September 10, Tuesday.  There is something uncanny about it.  And
+uncomfortable.  In fact, nearly unthinkable, and wholly unrealizable,
+when one comes to consider it.  While we were crossing the 180th meridian
+it was Sunday in the stern of the ship where my family were, and Tuesday
+in the bow where I was.  They were there eating the half of a fresh apple
+on the 8th, and I was at the same time eating the other half of it on the
+10th--and I could notice how stale it was, already.  The family were the
+same age that they were when I had left them five minutes before, but I
+was a day older now than I was then.  The day they were living in
+stretched behind them half way round the globe, across the Pacific Ocean
+and America and Europe; the day I was living in stretched in front of me
+around the other half to meet it.  They were stupendous days for bulk and
+stretch; apparently much larger days than we had ever been in before.
+All previous days had been but shrunk-up little things by comparison.
+The difference in temperature between the two days was very marked, their
+day being hotter than mine because it was closer to the equator.
+
+Along about the moment that we were crossing the Great Meridian a child
+was born in the steerage, and now there is no way to tell which day it
+was born on.  The nurse thinks it was Sunday, the surgeon thinks it was
+Tuesday.  The child will never know its own birthday.  It will always be
+choosing first one and then the other, and will never be able to make up
+its mind permanently.  This will breed vacillation and uncertainty in its
+opinions about religion, and politics, and business, and sweethearts, and
+everything, and will undermine its principles, and rot them away, and
+make the poor thing characterless, and its success in life impossible.
+Every one in the ship says so.  And this is not all--in fact, not the
+worst.  For there is an enormously rich brewer in the ship who said as
+much as ten days ago, that if the child was born on his birthday he would
+give it ten thousand dollars to start its little life with.  His birthday
+was Monday, the 9th of September.
+
+If the ships all moved in the one direction--westward, I mean--the world
+would suffer a prodigious loss--in the matter of valuable time, through
+the dumping overboard on the Great Meridian of such multitudes of days by
+ships crews and passengers.  But fortunately the ships do not all sail
+west, half of them sail east.  So there is no real loss.  These latter
+pick up all the discarded days and add them to the world's stock again;
+and about as good as new, too; for of course the salt water preserves
+them.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+Noise proves nothing.  Often a hen who has merely laid an egg cackles as
+if she had laid an asteroid.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+WEDNESDAY, Sept. 11.  In this world we often make mistakes of judgment.
+We do not as a rule get out of them sound and whole, but sometimes we do.
+At dinner yesterday evening-present, a mixture of Scotch, English,
+American, Canadian, and Australasian folk--a discussion broke out about
+the pronunciation of certain Scottish words.  This was private ground,
+and the non-Scotch nationalities, with one exception, discreetly kept
+still.  But I am not discreet, and I took a hand.  I didn't know anything
+about the subject, but I took a hand just to have something to do.  At
+that moment the word in dispute was the word three.  One Scotchman was
+claiming that the peasantry of Scotland pronounced it three, his
+adversaries claimed that they didn't--that they pronounced it 'thraw'.
+The solitary Scot was having a sultry time of it, so I thought I would
+enrich him with my help.  In my position I was necessarily quite
+impartial, and was equally as well and as ill equipped to fight on the
+one side as on the other.  So I spoke up and said the peasantry
+pronounced the word three, not thraw.  It was an error of judgment.
+There was a moment of astonished and ominous silence, then weather
+ensued.  The storm rose and spread in a surprising way, and I was snowed
+under in a very few minutes.  It was a bad defeat for me--a kind of
+Waterloo.  It promised to remain so, and I wished I had had better sense
+than to enter upon such a forlorn enterprise.  But just then I had a
+saving thought--at least a thought that offered a chance.  While the
+storm was still raging, I made up a Scotch couplet, and then spoke up and
+said:
+
+"Very well, don't say any more.  I confess defeat.  I thought I knew, but
+I see my mistake.  I was deceived by one of your Scotch poets."
+
+"A Scotch poet!  O come!  Name him."
+
+"Robert Burns."
+
+It is wonderful the power of that name.  These men looked doubtful--but
+paralyzed, all the same.  They were quite silent for a moment; then one
+of them said--with the reverence in his voice which is always present in
+a Scotchman's tone when he utters the name.
+
+"Does Robbie Burns say--what does he say?"
+
+"This is what he says:
+
+         'There were nae bairns but only three
+         --Ane at the breast, twa at the knee.'"
+
+It ended the discussion.  There was no man there profane enough, disloyal
+enough, to say any word against a thing which Robert Burns had settled.
+I shall always honor that great name for the salvation it brought me in
+this time of my sore need.
+
+It is my belief that nearly any invented quotation, played with
+confidence, stands a good chance to deceive.  There are people who think
+that honesty is always the best policy.  This is a superstition; there
+are times when the appearance of it is worth six of it.
+
+We are moving steadily southward-getting further and further down under
+the projecting paunch of the globe.  Yesterday evening we saw the Big
+Dipper and the north star sink below the horizon and disappear from our
+world.  No, not "we," but they.  They saw it--somebody saw it--and told
+me about it.  But it is no matter, I was not caring for those things, I
+am tired of them, any way.  I think they are well enough, but one doesn't
+want them always hanging around.  My interest was all in the Southern
+Cross.  I had never seen that.  I had heard about it all my life, and it
+was but natural that I should be burning to see it.  No other
+constellation makes so much talk.  I had nothing against the Big Dipper
+--and naturally couldn't have anything against it, since it is a citizen of
+our own sky, and the property of the United States--but I did want it to
+move out of the way and give this foreigner a chance.  Judging by the
+size of the talk which the Southern Cross had made, I supposed it would
+need a sky all to itself.
+
+But that was a mistake.  We saw the Cross to-night, and it is not large.
+Not large, and not strikingly bright.  But it was low down toward the
+horizon, and it may improve when it gets up higher in the sky.  It is
+ingeniously named, for it looks just as a cross would look if it looked
+like something else.  But that description does not describe; it is too
+vague, too general, too indefinite.  It does after a fashion suggest a
+cross across that is out of repair--or out of drawing; not correctly
+shaped.  It is long, with a short cross-bar, and the cross-bar is canted
+out of the straight line.
+
+It consists of four large stars and one little one.  The little one is
+out of line and further damages the shape.  It should have been placed at
+the intersection of the stem and the cross-bar.  If you do not draw an
+imaginary line from star to star it does not suggest a cross--nor
+anything in particular.
+
+One must ignore the little star, and leave it out of the combination--it
+confuses everything.  If you leave it out, then you can make out of the
+four stars a sort of cross--out of true; or a sort of kite--out of true;
+or a sort of coffin-out of true.
+
+Constellations have always been troublesome things to name.  If you give
+one of them a fanciful name, it will always refuse to live up to it; it
+will always persist in not resembling the thing it has been named for.
+Ultimately, to satisfy the public, the fanciful name has to be discarded
+for a common-sense one, a manifestly descriptive one.  The Great Bear
+remained the Great Bear--and unrecognizable as such--for thousands of
+years; and people complained about it all the time, and quite properly;
+but as soon as it became the property of the United States, Congress
+changed it to the Big Dipper, and now every body is satisfied, and there
+is no more talk about riots.  I would not change the Southern Cross to
+the Southern Coffin, I would change it to the Southern Kite; for up there
+in the general emptiness is the proper home of a kite, but not for
+coffins and crosses and dippers.  In a little while, now--I cannot
+tell exactly how long it will be--the globe will belong to the
+English-speaking race; and of course the skies also.  Then the
+constellations will be re-organized, and polished up, and re-named--the
+most of them "Victoria," I reckon, but this one will sail thereafter as
+the Southern Kite, or go out of business.  Several towns and things, here
+and there, have been named for Her Majesty already.
+
+In these past few days we are plowing through a mighty Milky Way of
+islands.  They are so thick on the map that one would hardly expect to
+find room between them for a canoe; yet we seldom glimpse one.  Once we
+saw the dim bulk of a couple of them, far away, spectral and dreamy
+things; members of the Horne-Alofa and Fortuna.  On the larger one are
+two rival native kings--and they have a time together.  They are
+Catholics; so are their people.  The missionaries there are French
+priests.
+
+From the multitudinous islands in these regions the "recruits" for the
+Queensland plantations were formerly drawn; are still drawn from them, I
+believe.  Vessels fitted up like old-time slavers came here and carried
+off the natives to serve as laborers in the great Australian province.
+In the beginning it was plain, simple man-stealing, as per testimony of
+the missionaries.  This has been denied, but not disproven.  Afterward it
+was forbidden by law to "recruit" a native without his consent, and
+governmental agents were sent in all recruiting vessels to see that the
+law was obeyed--which they did, according to the recruiting people; and
+which they sometimes didn't, according to the missionaries.  A man could
+be lawfully recruited for a three-years term of service; he could
+volunteer for another term if he so chose; when his time was up he could
+return to his island.  And would also have the means to do it; for the
+government required the employer to put money in its hands for this
+purpose before the recruit was delivered to him.
+
+Captain Wawn was a recruiting ship-master during many years.  From his
+pleasant book one gets the idea that the recruiting business was quite
+popular with the islanders, as a rule.  And yet that did not make the
+business wholly dull and uninteresting; for one finds rather frequent
+little breaks in the monotony of it--like this, for instance:
+
+     "The afternoon of our arrival at Leper Island the schooner was lying
+     almost becalmed under the lee of the lofty central portion of the
+     island, about three-quarters of a mile from the shore.  The boats
+     were in sight at some distance.  The recruiter-boat had run into a
+     small nook on the rocky coast, under a high bank, above which stood
+     a solitary hut backed by dense forest.  The government agent and
+     mate in the second boat lay about 400 yards to the westward.
+
+     "Suddenly we heard the sound of firing, followed by yells from the
+     natives on shore, and then we saw the recruiter-boat push out with a
+     seemingly diminished crew.  The mate's boat pulled quickly up, took
+     her in tow, and presently brought her alongside, all her own crew
+     being more or less hurt.  It seems the natives had called them into
+     the place on pretence of friendship.  A crowd gathered about the
+     stern of the boat, and several fellows even got into her.  All of a
+     sudden our men were attacked with clubs and tomahawks.  The
+     recruiter escaped the first blows aimed at him, making play with his
+     fists until he had an opportunity to draw his revolver.  'Tom
+     Sayers,' a Mare man, received a tomahawk blow on the head which laid
+     the scalp open but did not penetrate his skull, fortunately.  'Bobby
+     Towns,' another Mare boatman, had both his thumbs cut in warding off
+     blows, one of them being so nearly severed from the hand that the
+     doctors had to finish the operation.  Lihu, a Lifu boy, the
+     recruiter's special attendant, was cut and pricked in various
+     places, but nowhere seriously.  Jack, an unlucky Tanna recruit, who
+     had been engaged to act as boatman, received an arrow through his
+     forearm, the head of which--apiece of bone seven or eight inches
+     long--was still in the limb, protruding from both sides, when the
+     boats returned.  The recruiter himself would have got off scot-free
+     had not an arrow pinned one of his fingers to the loom of the
+     steering-oar just as they were getting off.  The fight had been
+     short but sharp.  The enemy lost two men, both shot dead."
+
+The truth is, Captain Wawn furnishes such a crowd of instances of fatal
+encounters between natives and French and English recruiting-crews (for
+the French are in the business for the plantations of New Caledonia),
+that one is almost persuaded that recruiting is not thoroughly popular
+among the islanders; else why this bristling string of attacks and
+bloodcurdling slaughter?  The captain lays it all to "Exeter Hall
+influence."  But for the meddling philanthropists, the native fathers and
+mothers would be fond of seeing their children carted into exile and now
+and then the grave, instead of weeping about it and trying to kill the
+kind recruiters.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+He was as shy as a newspaper is when referring to its own merits.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Captain Wawn is crystal-clear on one point: He does not approve of
+missionaries.  They obstruct his business.  They make "Recruiting," as he
+calls it ("Slave-Catching," as they call it in their frank way) a trouble
+when it ought to be just a picnic and a pleasure excursion.  The
+missionaries have their opinion about the manner in which the Labor
+Traffic is conducted, and about the recruiter's evasions of the law of
+the Traffic, and about the traffic itself--and it is distinctly
+uncomplimentary to the Traffic and to everything connected with it,
+including the law for its regulation.  Captain Wawn's book is of very
+recent date; I have by me a pamphlet of still later date--hot from the
+press, in fact--by Rev. Wm. Gray, a missionary; and the book and the
+pamphlet taken together make exceedingly interesting reading, to my mind.
+
+Interesting, and easy to understand--except in one detail, which I will
+mention presently.  It is easy to understand why the Queensland sugar
+planter should want the Kanaka recruit: he is cheap.  Very cheap, in
+fact.  These are the figures paid by the planter: L20 to the recruiter
+for getting the Kanaka or "catching" him, as the missionary phrase goes;
+L3 to the Queensland government for "superintending" the importation; L5
+deposited with the Government for the Kanaka's passage home when his
+three years are up, in case he shall live that long; about L25 to the
+Kanaka himself for three years' wages and clothing; total payment for the
+use of a man three years, L53; or, including diet, L60.  Altogether, a
+hundred dollars a year.  One can understand why the recruiter is fond of
+the business; the recruit costs him a few cheap presents (given to the
+recruit's relatives, not himself), and the recruit is worth L20 to the
+recruiter when delivered in Queensland.  All this is clear enough; but
+the thing that is not clear is, what there is about it all to persuade
+the recruit.  He is young and brisk; life at home in his beautiful island
+is one lazy, long holiday to him; or if he wants to work he can turn out
+a couple of bags of copra per week and sell it for four or five shillings
+a bag.  In Queensland he must get up at dawn and work from eight to
+twelve hours a day in the canefields--in a much hotter climate than he is
+used to--and get less than four shillings a week for it.
+
+I cannot understand his willingness to go to Queensland.  It is a deep
+puzzle to me.  Here is the explanation, from the planter's point of view;
+at least I gather from the missionary's pamphlet that it is the
+planter's:
+
+     "When he comes from his home he is a savage, pure and simple.  He
+     feels no shame at his nakedness and want of adornment.  When he
+     returns home he does so well dressed, sporting a Waterbury watch,
+     collars, cuffs, boots, and jewelry.  He takes with him one or more
+     boxes--["Box" is English for trunk.]--well filled with clothing, a
+     musical instrument or two, and perfumery and other articles of
+     luxury he has learned to appreciate."
+
+For just one moment we have a seeming flash of comprehension of, the
+Kanaka's reason for exiling himself: he goes away to acquire
+civilization.  Yes, he was naked and not ashamed, now he is clothed and
+knows how to be ashamed; he was unenlightened; now he has a Waterbury
+watch; he was unrefined, now he has jewelry, and something to make him
+smell good; he was a nobody, a provincial, now he has been to far
+countries and can show off.
+
+It all looks plausible--for a moment.  Then the missionary takes hold of
+this explanation and pulls it to pieces, and dances on it, and damages it
+beyond recognition.
+
+     "Admitting that the foregoing description is the average one, the
+     average sequel is this: The cuffs and collars, if used at all, are
+     carried off by youngsters, who fasten them round the leg, just below
+     the knee, as ornaments.  The Waterbury, broken and dirty, finds its
+     way to the trader, who gives a trifle for it; or the inside is taken
+     out, the wheels strung on a thread and hung round the neck.  Knives,
+     axes, calico, and handkerchiefs are divided among friends, and there
+     is hardly one of these apiece.  The boxes, the keys often lost on
+     the road home, can be bought for 2s. 6d.  They are to be seen
+     rotting outside in almost any shore village on Tanna.  (I speak of
+     what I have seen.) A returned Kanaka has been furiously angry with
+     me because I would not buy his trousers, which he declared were just
+     my fit.  He sold them afterwards to one of my Aniwan teachers for
+     9d. worth of tobacco--a pair of trousers that probably cost him 8s.
+     or 10s. in Queensland.  A coat or shirt is handy for cold weather.
+     The white handkerchiefs, the 'senet' (perfumery), the umbrella, and
+     perhaps the hat, are kept.  The boots have to take their chance, if
+     they do not happen to fit the copra trader.  'Senet' on the hair,
+     streaks of paint on the face, a dirty white handkerchief round the
+     neck, strips of turtle shell in the ears, a belt, a sheath and
+     knife, and an umbrella constitute the rig of returned Kanaka at home
+     the day after landing."
+
+A hat, an umbrella, a belt, a neckerchief.  Otherwise stark naked.  All
+in a day the hard-earned "civilization" has melted away to this.  And
+even these perishable things must presently go.  Indeed, there is but a
+single detail of his civilization that can be depended on to stay by him:
+according to the missionary, he has learned to swear.  This is art, and
+art is long, as the poet says.
+
+In all countries the laws throw light upon the past.  The Queensland law
+for the regulation of the Labor Traffic is a confession.  It is a
+confession that the evils charged by the missionaries upon the traffic
+had existed in the past, and that they still existed when the law was
+made.  The missionaries make a further charge: that the law is evaded by
+the recruiters, and that the Government Agent sometimes helps them to do
+it.  Regulation 31 reveals two things: that sometimes a young fool of a
+recruit gets his senses back, after being persuaded to sign away his
+liberty for three years, and dearly wants to get out of the engagement
+and stay at home with his own people; and that threats, intimidation, and
+force are used to keep him on board the recruiting-ship, and to hold him
+to his contract.  Regulation 31 forbids these coercions.  The law
+requires that he shall be allowed to go free; and another clause of it
+requires the recruiter to set him ashore--per boat, because of the
+prevalence of sharks.  Testimony from Rev. Mr. Gray:
+
+     "There are 'wrinkles' for taking the penitent Kanaka.  My first
+     experience of the Traffic was a case of this kind in 1884.  A vessel
+     anchored just out of sight of our station, word was brought to me
+     that some boys were stolen, and the relatives wished me to go and
+     get them back.  The facts were, as I found, that six boys had
+     recruited, had rushed into the boat, the Government Agent informed
+     me.  They had all 'signed'; and, said the Government Agent, 'on
+     board they shall remain.'  I was assured that the six boys were of
+     age and willing to go.  Yet on getting ready to leave the ship I
+     found four of the lads ready to come ashore in the boat!  This I
+     forbade.  One of them jumped into the water and persisted in coming
+     ashore in my boat.  When appealed to, the Government Agent suggested
+     that we go and leave him to be picked up by the ship's boat, a
+     quarter mile distant at the time!"
+
+The law and the missionaries feel for the repentant recruit--and
+properly, one may be permitted to think, for he is only a youth and
+ignorant and persuadable to his hurt--but sympathy for him is not kept in
+stock by the recruiter.  Rev. Mr. Gray says:
+
+     "A captain many years in the traffic explained to me how a penitent
+     could betaken.  'When a boy jumps overboard we just take a boat and
+     pull ahead of him, then lie between him and the shore.  If he has
+     not tired himself swimming, and passes the boat, keep on heading him
+     in this way.  The dodge rarely fails.  The boy generally tires of
+     swimming, gets into the boat of his own accord, and goes quietly on
+     board."
+
+Yes, exhaustion is likely to make a boy quiet.  If the distressed boy had
+been the speaker's son, and the captors savages, the speaker would have
+been surprised to see how differently the thing looked from the new point
+of view; however, it is not our custom to put ourselves in the other
+person's place.  Somehow there is something pathetic about that
+disappointed young savage's resignation.  I must explain, here, that in
+the traffic dialect, "boy" does not always mean boy; it means a youth
+above sixteen years of age.  That is by Queensland law the age of
+consent, though it is held that recruiters allow themselves some latitude
+in guessing at ages.
+
+Captain Wawn of the free spirit chafes under the annoyance of "cast-iron
+regulations."  They and the missionaries have poisoned his life.  He
+grieves for the good old days, vanished to come no more.  See him weep;
+hear him cuss between the lines!
+
+     "For a long time we were allowed to apprehend and detain all
+     deserters who had signed the agreement on board ship, but the
+     'cast-iron' regulations of the Act of 1884 put a stop to that,
+     allowing the Kanaka to sign the agreement for three years' service,
+     travel about in the ship in receipt of the regular rations, cadge
+     all he could, and leave when he thought fit, so long as he did not
+     extend his pleasure trip to Queensland."
+
+Rev. Mr. Gray calls this same restrictive cast-iron law a "farce." "There
+is as much cruelty and injustice done to natives by acts that are legal
+as by deeds unlawful.  The regulations that exist are unjust and
+inadequate--unjust and inadequate they must ever be."  He furnishes his
+reasons for his position, but they are too long for reproduction here.
+
+However, if the most a Kanaka advantages himself by a three-years course
+in civilization in Queensland, is a necklace and an umbrella and a showy
+imperfection in the art of swearing, it must be that all the profit of
+the traffic goes to the white man.  This could be twisted into a
+plausible argument that the traffic ought to be squarely abolished.
+
+However, there is reason for hope that that can be left alone to achieve
+itself.  It is claimed that the traffic will depopulate its sources of
+supply within the next twenty or thirty years.  Queensland is a very
+healthy place for white people--death-rate 12 in 1,000 of the population
+--but the Kanaka death-rate is away above that.  The vital statistics for
+1893 place it at 52; for 1894 (Mackay district), 68.  The first six
+months of the Kanaka's exile are peculiarly perilous for him because of
+the rigors of the new climate.  The death-rate among the new men has
+reached as high as 180 in the 1,000.  In the Kanaka's native home his
+death-rate is 12 in time of peace, and 15 in time of war.  Thus exile to
+Queensland--with the opportunity to acquire civilization, an umbrella,
+and a pretty poor quality of profanity--is twelve times as deadly for him
+as war.  Common Christian charity, common humanity, does seem to require,
+not only that these people be returned to their homes, but that war,
+pestilence, and famine be introduced among them for their preservation.
+
+Concerning these Pacific isles and their peoples an eloquent prophet
+spoke long years ago--five and fifty years ago.  In fact, he spoke a
+little too early.  Prophecy is a good line of business, but it is full of
+risks.  This prophet was the Right Rev. M. Russell, LL.D., D.C.L., of
+Edinburgh:
+
+     "Is the tide of civilization to roll only to the foot of the Rocky
+     Mountains, and is the sun of knowledge to set at last in the waves
+     of the Pacific?  No; the mighty day of four thousand years is
+     drawing to its close; the sun of humanity has performed its destined
+     course; but long ere its setting rays are extinguished in the west,
+     its ascending beams have glittered on the isles of the eastern seas
+     .  .  .  .  And now we see the race of Japhet setting forth to
+     people the isles, and the seeds of another Europe and a second
+     England sown in the regions of the sun.  But mark the words of the
+     prophecy: 'He shall dwell in the tents of Shem, and Canaan shall be
+     his servant.'  It is not said Canaan shall be his slave.  To the
+     Anglo-Saxon race is given the scepter of the globe, but there is not
+     given either the lash of the slave-driver or the rack of the
+     executioner.  The East will not be stained with the same atrocities
+     as the West; the frightful gangrene of an enthralled race is not to
+     mar the destinies of the family of Japhet in the Oriental world;
+     humanizing, not destroying, as they advance; uniting with, not
+     enslaving, the inhabitants with whom they dwell, the British race
+     may,"  etc., etc.
+
+And he closes his vision with an invocation from Thomson:
+
+          "Come, bright Improvement! on the car of Time,
+          And rule the spacious world from clime to clime."
+
+Very well, Bright Improvement has arrived, you see, with her
+civilization, and her Waterbury, and her umbrella, and her third-quality
+profanity, and her humanizing-not-destroying machinery, and her
+hundred-and-eighty death-rate, and everything is going along just as
+handsome!
+
+But the prophet that speaks last has an advantage over the pioneer in the
+business.  Rev. Mr. Gray says:
+
+     "What I am concerned about is that we as a Christian nation should
+     wipe out these races to enrich ourselves."
+
+And he closes his pamphlet with a grim Indictment which is as eloquent in
+its flowerless straightforward English as is the hand-painted rhapsody of
+the early prophet:
+
+     "My indictment of the Queensland-Kanaka Labor Traffic is this
+
+     "1. It generally demoralizes and always impoverishes the Kanaka,
+     deprives him of his citizenship, and depopulates the islands fitted
+     to his home.
+
+     "2. It is felt to lower the dignity of the white agricultural
+     laborer in Queensland, and beyond a doubt it lowers his wages there.
+
+     "3. The whole system is fraught with danger to Australia and the
+     islands on the score of health.
+
+     "4. On social and political grounds the continuance of the
+     Queensland Kanaka Labor Traffic must be a barrier to the true
+     federation of the Australian colonies.
+
+     "5. The Regulations under which the Traffic exists in Queensland are
+     inadequate to prevent abuses, and in the nature of things they must
+     remain so.
+
+     "6. The whole system is contrary to the spirit and doctrine of the
+     Gospel of Jesus Christ.  The Gospel requires us to help the weak,
+     but the Kanaka is fleeced and trodden down.
+
+     "7. The bed-rock of this Traffic is that the life and liberty of a
+     black man are of less value than those of a white man.  And a
+     Traffic that has grown out of 'slave-hunting' will certainly remain
+     to the end not unlike its origin."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+Truth is the most valuable thing we have.  Let us economize it.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+From Diary:--For a day or two we have been plowing among an invisible
+vast wilderness of islands, catching now and then a shadowy glimpse of a
+member of it.  There does seem to be a prodigious lot of islands this
+year; the map of this region is freckled and fly-specked all over with
+them.  Their number would seem to be uncountable.  We are moving among
+the Fijis now--224 islands and islets in the group.  In front of us, to
+the west, the wilderness stretches toward Australia, then curves upward
+to New Guinea, and still up and up to Japan; behind us, to the east, the
+wilderness stretches sixty degrees across the wastes of the Pacific;
+south of us is New Zealand.  Somewhere or other among these myriads Samoa
+is concealed, and not discoverable on the map.  Still, if you wish to go
+there, you will have no trouble about finding it if you follow the
+directions given by Robert Louis Stevenson to Dr. Conan Doyle and to Mr.
+J. M. Barrie.  "You go to America, cross the continent to San Francisco,
+and then it's the second turning to the left."  To get the full flavor of
+the joke one must take a glance at the map.
+
+Wednesday, September 11.--Yesterday we passed close to an island or so,
+and recognized the published Fiji characteristics: a broad belt of clean
+white coral sand around the island; back of it a graceful fringe of
+leaning palms, with native huts nestling cosily among the shrubbery at
+their bases; back of these a stretch of level land clothed in tropic
+vegetation; back of that, rugged and picturesque mountains.  A detail
+of the immediate foreground: a mouldering ship perched high up on a
+reef-bench.  This completes the composition, and makes the picture
+artistically perfect.
+
+In the afternoon we sighted Suva, the capital of the group, and threaded
+our way into the secluded little harbor--a placid basin of brilliant blue
+and green water tucked snugly in among the sheltering hills.  A few ships
+rode at anchor in it--one of them a sailing vessel flying the American
+flag; and they said she came from Duluth!  There's a journey!  Duluth is
+several thousand miles from the sea, and yet she is entitled to the proud
+name of Mistress of the Commercial Marine of the United States of
+America.  There is only one free, independent, unsubsidized American ship
+sailing the foreign seas, and Duluth owns it.  All by itself that ship is
+the American fleet.  All by itself it causes the American name and power
+to be respected in the far regions of the globe.  All by itself it
+certifies to the world that the most populous civilized nation, in the
+earth has a just pride in her stupendous stretch of sea-front, and is
+determined to assert and maintain her rightful place as one of the Great
+Maritime Powers of the Planet.  All by itself it is making foreign eyes
+familiar with a Flag which they have not seen before for forty years,
+outside of the museum.  For what Duluth has done, in building, equipping,
+and maintaining at her sole expense the American Foreign Commercial
+Fleet, and in thus rescuing the American name from shame and lifting it
+high for the homage of the nations, we owe her a debt of gratitude which
+our hearts shall confess with quickened beats whenever her name is named
+henceforth.  Many national toasts will die in the lapse of time, but
+while the flag flies and the Republic survives, they who live under their
+shelter will still drink this one, standing and uncovered: Health and
+prosperity to Thee, O Duluth, American Queen of the Alien Seas!
+
+Row-boats began to flock from the shore; their crews were the first
+natives we had seen.  These men carried no overplus of clothing, and this
+was wise, for the weather was hot.  Handsome, great dusky men they were,
+muscular, clean-limbed, and with faces full of character and
+intelligence.  It would be hard to find their superiors anywhere among
+the dark races, I should think.
+
+Everybody went ashore to look around, and spy out the land, and have that
+luxury of luxuries to sea-voyagers--a land-dinner.  And there we saw more
+natives: Wrinkled old women, with their flat mammals flung over their
+shoulders, or hanging down in front like the cold-weather drip from the
+molasses-faucet; plump and smily young girls, blithe and content, easy
+and graceful, a pleasure to look at; young matrons, tall, straight,
+comely, nobly built, sweeping by with chin up, and a gait incomparable
+for unconscious stateliness and dignity; majestic young men athletes for
+build and muscle clothed in a loose arrangement of dazzling white, with
+bronze breast and bronze legs naked, and the head a cannon-swab of solid
+hair combed straight out from the skull and dyed a rich brick-red.  Only
+sixty years ago they were sunk in darkness; now they have the bicycle.
+We strolled about the streets of the white folks' little town, and around
+over the hills by paths and roads among European dwellings and gardens
+and plantations, and past clumps of hibiscus that made a body blink, the
+great blossoms were so intensely red; and by and by we stopped to ask an
+elderly English colonist a question or two, and to sympathize with him
+concerning the torrid weather; but he was surprised, and said:
+
+"This?  This is not hot.  You ought to be here in the summer time once."
+
+"We supposed that this was summer; it has the ear-marks of it.  You could
+take it to almost any country and deceive people with it.  But if it
+isn't summer, what does it lack?"
+
+"It lacks half a year.  This is mid-winter."
+
+I had been suffering from colds for several months, and a sudden change
+of season, like this, could hardly fail to do me hurt.  It brought on
+another cold.  It is odd, these sudden jumps from season to season.  A
+fortnight ago we left America in mid-summer, now it is midwinter; about a
+week hence we shall arrive in Australia in the spring.
+
+After dinner I found in the billiard-room a resident whom I had known
+somewhere else in the world, and presently made, some new friends and
+drove with them out into the country to visit his Excellency the head of
+the State, who was occupying his country residence, to escape the rigors
+of the winter weather, I suppose, for it was on breezy high ground and
+much more comfortable than the lower regions, where the town is, and
+where the winter has full swing, and often sets a person's hair afire
+when he takes off his hat to bow.  There is a noble and beautiful view of
+ocean and islands and castellated peaks from the governor's high-placed
+house, and its immediate surroundings lie drowsing in that dreamy repose
+and serenity which are the charm of life in the Pacific Islands.
+
+One of the new friends who went out there with me was a large man, and I
+had been admiring his size all the way.  I was still admiring it as he
+stood by the governor on the veranda, talking; then the Fijian butler
+stepped out there to announce tea, and dwarfed him.  Maybe he did not
+quite dwarf him, but at any rate the contrast was quite striking.
+Perhaps that dark giant was a king in a condition of political
+suspension.  I think that in the talk there on the veranda it was said
+that in Fiji, as in the Sandwich Islands, native kings and chiefs are of
+much grander size and build than the commoners.  This man was clothed in
+flowing white vestments, and they were just the thing for him; they
+comported well with his great stature and his kingly port and dignity.
+European clothes would have degraded him and made him commonplace.  I
+know that, because they do that with everybody that wears them.
+
+It was said that the old-time devotion to chiefs and reverence for their
+persons still survive in the native commoner, and in great force.  The
+educated young gentleman who is chief of the tribe that live in the
+region about the capital dresses in the fashion of high-class European
+gentlemen, but even his clothes cannot damn him in the reverence of his
+people.  Their pride in his lofty rank and ancient lineage lives on, in
+spite of his lost authority and the evil magic of his tailor.  He has no
+need to defile himself with work, or trouble his heart with the sordid
+cares of life; the tribe will see to it that he shall not want, and that
+he shall hold up his head and live like a gentleman.  I had a glimpse of
+him down in the town.  Perhaps he is a descendant of the last king--the
+king with the difficult name whose memory is preserved by a notable
+monument of cut-stone which one sees in the enclosure in the middle of
+the town.  Thakombau--I remember, now; that is the name.  It is easier to
+preserve it on a granite block than in your head.
+
+Fiji was ceded to England by this king in 1858.  One of the gentlemen
+present at the governor's quoted a remark made by the king at the time of
+the session--a neat retort, and with a touch of pathos in it, too.  The
+English Commissioner had offered a crumb of comfort to Thakombau by
+saying that the transfer of the kingdom to Great Britain was merely "a
+sort of hermit-crab formality, you know."  "Yes," said poor Thakombau,
+"but with this difference--the crab moves into an unoccupied shell, but
+mine isn't."
+
+However, as far as I can make out from the books, the King was between
+the devil and the deep sea at the time, and hadn't much choice.  He owed
+the United States a large debt--a debt which he could pay if allowed
+time, but time was denied him.  He must pay up right away or the warships
+would be upon him.  To protect his people from this disaster he ceded his
+country to Britain, with a clause in the contract providing for the
+ultimate payment of the American debt.
+
+In old times the Fijians were fierce fighters; they were very religious,
+and worshiped idols; the big chiefs were proud and haughty, and they were
+men of great style in many ways; all chiefs had several wives, the
+biggest chiefs sometimes had as many as fifty; when a chief was dead and
+ready for burial, four or five of his wives were strangled and put into
+the grave with him.  In 1804 twenty-seven British convicts escaped from
+Australia to Fiji, and brought guns and ammunition with them.  Consider
+what a power they were, armed like that, and what an opportunity they
+had.  If they had been energetic men and sober, and had had brains and
+known how to use them, they could have achieved the sovereignty of the
+archipelago twenty-seven kings and each with eight or nine islands under
+his scepter.  But nothing came of this chance.  They lived worthless
+lives of sin and luxury, and died without honor--in most cases by
+violence.  Only one of them had any ambition; he was an Irishman named
+Connor.  He tried to raise a family of fifty children, and scored
+forty-eight.  He died lamenting his failure.  It was a foolish sort
+of avarice.  Many a father would have been rich enough with forty.
+
+It is a fine race, the Fijians, with brains in their heads, and an
+inquiring turn of mind.  It appears that their savage ancestors had a
+doctrine of immortality in their scheme of religion--with limitations.
+That is to say, their dead friend would go to a happy hereafter if he
+could be accumulated, but not otherwise.  They drew the line; they
+thought that the missionary's doctrine was too sweeping, too
+comprehensive.  They called his attention to certain facts.  For
+instance, many of their friends had been devoured by sharks; the sharks,
+in their turn, were caught and eaten by other men; later, these men were
+captured in war, and eaten by the enemy.  The original persons had
+entered into the composition of the sharks; next, they and the sharks had
+become part of the flesh and blood and bone of the cannibals.  How, then,
+could the particles of the original men be searched out from the final
+conglomerate and put together again?  The inquirers were full of doubts,
+and considered that the missionary had not examined the matter with--the
+gravity and attention which so serious a thing deserved.
+
+The missionary taught these exacting savages many valuable things, and
+got from them one--a very dainty and poetical idea: Those wild and
+ignorant poor children of Nature believed that the flowers, after they
+perish, rise on the winds and float away to the fair fields of heaven,
+and flourish there forever in immortal beauty!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+It could probably be shown by facts and figures that there is no
+distinctly native American criminal class except Congress.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+When one glances at the map the members of the stupendous island
+wilderness of the Pacific seem to crowd upon each other; but no, there is
+no crowding, even in the center of a group; and between groups there are
+lonely wide deserts of sea.  Not everything is known about the islands,
+their peoples and their languages.  A startling reminder of this is
+furnished by the fact that in Fiji, twenty years ago, were living two
+strange and solitary beings who came from an unknown country and spoke an
+unknown language.  "They were picked up by a passing vessel many hundreds
+of miles from any known land, floating in the same tiny canoe in which
+they had been blown out to sea.  When found they were but skin and bone.
+No one could understand what they said, and they have never named their
+country; or, if they have, the name does not correspond with that of any
+island on any chart.  They are now fat and sleek, and as happy as the day
+is long.  In the ship's log there is an entry of the latitude and
+longitude in which they were found, and this is probably all the clue
+they will ever have to their lost homes."--[Forbes's "Two Years in
+Fiji."]
+
+What a strange and romantic episode it is; and how one is tortured with
+curiosity to know whence those mysterious creatures came, those Men
+Without a Country, errant waifs who cannot name their lost home,
+wandering Children of Nowhere.
+
+Indeed, the Island Wilderness is the very home of romance and dreams and
+mystery.  The loneliness, the solemnity, the beauty, and the deep repose
+of this wilderness have a charm which is all their own for the bruised
+spirit of men who have fought and failed in the struggle for life in the
+great world; and for men who have been hunted out of the great world for
+crime; and for other men who love an easy and indolent existence; and for
+others who love a roving free life, and stir and change and adventure;
+and for yet others who love an easy and comfortable career of trading and
+money-getting, mixed with plenty of loose matrimony by purchase, divorce
+without trial or expense, and limitless spreeing thrown in to make life
+ideally perfect.
+
+We sailed again, refreshed.
+
+The most cultivated person in the ship was a young English, man whose
+home was in New Zealand.  He was a naturalist.  His learning in his
+specialty was deep and thorough, his interest in his subject amounted to
+a passion, he had an easy gift of speech; and so, when he talked about
+animals it was a pleasure to listen to him.  And profitable, too, though
+he was sometimes difficult to understand because now and then he used
+scientific technicalities which were above the reach of some of us.  They
+were pretty sure to be above my reach, but as he was quite willing to
+explain them I always made it a point to get him to do it.  I had a fair
+knowledge of his subject--layman's knowledge--to begin with, but it was
+his teachings which crystalized it into scientific form and clarity--in a
+word, gave it value.
+
+His special interest was the fauna of Australasia, and his knowledge of
+the matter was as exhaustive as it was accurate.  I already knew a good
+deal about the rabbits in Australasia and their marvelous fecundity, but
+in my talks with him I found that my estimate of the great hindrance and
+obstruction inflicted by the rabbit pest upon traffic and travel was far
+short of the facts.  He told me that the first pair of rabbits imported
+into Australasia bred so wonderfully that within six months rabbits were
+so thick in the land that people had to dig trenches through them to get
+from town to town.
+
+He told me a great deal about worms, and the kangaroo, and other
+coleoptera, and said he knew the history and ways of all such
+pachydermata.  He said the kangaroo had pockets, and carried its young in
+them when it couldn't get apples.  And he said that the emu was as big as
+an ostrich, and looked like one, and had an amorphous appetite and would
+eat bricks.  Also, that the dingo was not a dingo at all, but just a wild
+dog; and that the only difference between a dingo and a dodo was that
+neither of them barked; otherwise they were just the same.  He said that
+the only game-bird in Australia was the wombat, and the only song-bird
+the larrikin, and that both were protected by government.  The most
+beautiful of the native birds was the bird of Paradise.  Next came the
+two kinds of lyres; not spelt the same.  He said the one kind was dying
+out, the other thickening up.  He explained that the "Sundowner" was not
+a bird it was a man; sundowner was merely the Australian equivalent of
+our word, tramp.  He is a loafer, a hard drinker, and a sponge.  He
+tramps across the country in the sheep-shearing season, pretending to
+look for work; but he always times himself to arrive at a sheep-run just
+at sundown, when the day's labor ends; all he wants is whisky and supper
+and bed and breakfast; he gets them and then disappears.  The naturalist
+spoke of the bell bird, the creature that at short intervals all day
+rings out its mellow and exquisite peal from the deeps of the forest.  It
+is the favorite and best friend of the weary and thirsty sundowner; for
+he knows that wherever the bell bird is, there is water; and he goes
+somewhere else.  The naturalist said that the oddest bird in Australasia
+was the, Laughing Jackass, and the biggest the now extinct Great Moa.
+
+The Moa stood thirteen feet high, and could step over an ordinary man's
+head or kick his hat off; and his head, too, for that matter.  He said it
+was wingless, but a swift runner.  The natives used to ride it.  It could
+make forty miles an hour, and keep it up for four hundred miles and come
+out reasonably fresh.  It was still in existence when the railway was
+introduced into New Zealand; still in existence, and carrying the mails.
+The railroad began with the same schedule it has now: two expresses a
+week-time, twenty miles an hour.  The company exterminated the moa to get
+the mails.
+
+Speaking of the indigenous coneys and bactrian camels, the naturalist
+said that the coniferous and bacteriological output of Australasia was
+remarkable for its many and curious departures from the accepted laws
+governing these species of tubercles, but that in his opinion Nature's
+fondness for dabbling in the erratic was most notably exhibited in that
+curious combination of bird, fish, amphibian, burrower, crawler,
+quadruped, and Christian called the Ornithorhynchus--grotesquest of
+animals, king of the animalculae of the world for versatility of
+character and make-up.  Said he:
+
+     "You can call it anything you want to, and be right.  It is a fish,
+     for it lives in the river half the time; it is a land animal, for it
+     resides on the land half the time; it is an amphibian, since it
+     likes both and does not know which it prefers; it is a hybernian,
+     for when times are dull and nothing much going on it buries itself
+     under the mud at the bottom of a puddle and hybernates there a
+     couple of weeks at a time; it is a kind of duck, for it has a
+     duck-bill and four webbed paddles; it is a fish and quadruped
+     together, for in the water it swims with the paddles and on shore it
+     paws itself across country with them; it is a kind of seal, for it
+     has a seal's fur; it is carnivorous, herbivorous, insectivorous, and
+     vermifuginous, for it eats fish and grass and butterflies, and in
+     the season digs worms out of the mud and devours them; it is clearly
+     a bird, for it lays eggs, and hatches them; it is clearly a mammal,
+     for it nurses its young; and it is manifestly a kind of Christian,
+     for it keeps the Sabbath when there is anybody around, and when
+     there isn't, doesn't.  It has all the tastes there are except
+     refined ones, it has all the habits there are except good ones.
+
+     "It is a survival--a survival of the fittest.  Mr. Darwin invented
+     the theory that goes by that name, but the Ornithorhynchus was the
+     first to put it to actual experiment and prove that it could be
+     done.  Hence it should have as much of the credit as Mr. Darwin.
+     It was never in the Ark; you will find no mention of it there; it
+     nobly stayed out and worked the theory.  Of all creatures in the
+     world it was the only one properly equipped for the test.  The Ark
+     was thirteen months afloat, and all the globe submerged; no land
+     visible above the flood, no vegetation, no food for a mammal to eat,
+     nor water for a mammal to drink; for all mammal food was destroyed,
+     and when the pure floods from heaven and the salt oceans of the
+     earth mingled their waters and rose above the mountain tops, the
+     result was a drink which no bird or beast of ordinary construction
+     could use and live.  But this combination was nuts for the
+     Ornithorhynchus, if I may use a term like that without offense.
+     Its river home had always been salted by the flood-tides of the sea.
+     On the face of the Noachian deluge innumerable forest trees were
+     floating.  Upon these the Ornithorhynchus voyaged in peace; voyaged
+     from clime to clime, from hemisphere to hemisphere, in contentment
+     and comfort, in virile interest in the constant change Of scene, in
+     humble thankfulness for its privileges, in ever-increasing
+     enthusiasm in the development of the great theory upon whose
+     validity it had staked its life, its fortunes, and its sacred honor,
+     if I may use such expressions without impropriety in connection with
+     an episode of this nature.
+
+     "It lived the tranquil and luxurious life of a creature of
+     independent means.  Of things actually necessary to its existence
+     and its happiness not a detail was wanting.  When it wished to walk,
+     it scrambled along the tree-trunk; it mused in the shade of the
+     leaves by day, it slept in their shelter by night; when it wanted
+     the refreshment of a swim, it had it; it ate leaves when it wanted a
+     vegetable diet, it dug under the bark for worms and grubs; when it
+     wanted fish it caught them, when it wanted eggs it laid them.  If
+     the grubs gave out in one tree it swam to another; and as for fish,
+     the very opulence of the supply was an embarrassment.  And finally,
+     when it was thirsty it smacked its chops in gratitude over a blend
+     that would have slain a crocodile.
+
+     "When at last, after thirteen months of travel and research in all
+     the Zones it went aground on a mountain-summit, it strode ashore,
+     saying in its heart, 'Let them that come after me invent theories
+     and dream dreams about the Survival of the Fittest if they like, but
+     I am the first that has done it!
+
+     "This wonderful creature dates back like the kangaroo and many other
+     Australian hydrocephalous invertebrates, to an age long anterior to
+     the advent of man upon the earth; they date back, indeed, to a time
+     when a causeway hundreds of miles wide, and thousands of miles long,
+     joined Australia to Africa, and the animals of the two countries
+     were alike, and all belonged to that remote geological epoch known
+     to science as the Old Red Grindstone Post-Pleosaurian.  Later the
+     causeway sank under the sea; subterranean convulsions lifted the
+     African continent a thousand feet higher than it was before, but
+     Australia kept her old level.  In Africa's new climate the animals
+     necessarily began to develop and shade off into new forms and
+     families and species, but the animals of Australia as necessarily
+     remained stationary, and have so remained until this day.  In the
+     course of some millions of years the African Ornithorhynchus
+     developed and developed and developed, and sluffed off detail after
+     detail of its make-up until at last the creature became wholly
+     disintegrated and scattered.  Whenever you see a bird or a beast or
+     a seal or an otter in Africa you know that he is merely a sorry
+     surviving fragment of that sublime original of whom I have been
+     speaking--that creature which was everything in general and nothing
+     in particular--the opulently endowed 'e pluribus unum' of the animal
+     world.
+
+     "Such is the history of the most hoary, the most ancient, the most
+     venerable creature that exists in the earth today--Ornithorhynchus
+     Platypus Extraordinariensis--whom God preserve!"
+
+When he was strongly moved he could rise and soar like that with ease.
+And not only in the prose form, but in the poetical as well.  He had
+written many pieces of poetry in his time, and these manuscripts he lent
+around among the passengers, and was willing to let them be copied.  It
+seemed to me that the least technical one in the series, and the one
+which reached the loftiest note, perhaps, was his:
+
+               INVOCATION.
+
+     "Come forth from thy oozy couch,
+     O Ornithorhynchus dear!
+     And greet with a cordial claw
+     The stranger that longs to hear
+
+     "From thy own own lips the tale
+     Of thy origin all unknown:
+     Thy misplaced bone where flesh should be
+     And flesh where should be bone;
+
+     "And fishy fin where should be paw,
+     And beaver-trowel tail,
+     And snout of beast equip'd with teeth
+     Where gills ought to prevail.
+
+     "Come, Kangaroo, the good and true
+     Foreshortened as to legs,
+     And body tapered like a churn,
+     And sack marsupial, i' fegs,
+
+     "And tells us why you linger here,
+     Thou relic of a vanished time,
+     When all your friends as fossils sleep,
+     Immortalized in lime!"
+
+
+Perhaps no poet is a conscious plagiarist; but there seems to be warrant
+for suspecting that there is no poet who is not at one time or another an
+unconscious one.  The above verses are indeed beautiful, and, in a way,
+touching; but there is a haunting something about them which unavoidably
+suggests the Sweet Singer of Michigan.  It can hardly be doubted that the
+author had read the works of that poet and been impressed by them.  It is
+not apparent that he has borrowed from them any word or yet any phrase,
+but the style and swing and mastery and melody of the Sweet Singer all
+are there.  Compare this Invocation with "Frank Dutton"--particularly
+stanzas first and seventeenth--and I think the reader will feel convinced
+that he who wrote the one had read the other:
+
+     I.
+
+    "Frank Dutton was as fine a lad
+     As ever you wish to see,
+     And he was drowned in Pine Island Lake
+     On earth no more will he be,
+     His age was near fifteen years,
+     And he was a motherless boy,
+     He was living with his grandmother
+     When he was drowned, poor boy."
+
+
+     XVII.
+
+    "He was drowned on Tuesday afternoon,
+     On Sunday he was found,
+     And the tidings of that drowned boy
+     Was heard for miles around.
+     His form was laid by his mother's side,
+     Beneath the cold, cold ground,
+     His friends for him will drop a tear
+     When they view his little mound."
+
+     The Sentimental Song Book.  By Mrs. Julia Moore, p. 36.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IX.
+
+It is your human environment that makes climate.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Sept. 15--Night.  Close to Australia now.  Sydney 50 miles distant.
+
+That note recalls an experience.  The passengers were sent for, to come
+up in the bow and see a fine sight.  It was very dark.  One could not
+follow with the eye the surface of the sea more than fifty yards in any
+direction it dimmed away and became lost to sight at about that distance
+from us.  But if you patiently gazed into the darkness a little while,
+there was a sure reward for you.  Presently, a quarter of a mile away you
+would see a blinding splash or explosion of light on the water--a flash
+so sudden and so astonishingly brilliant that it would make you catch
+your breath; then that blotch of light would instantly extend itself and
+take the corkscrew shape and imposing length of the fabled sea-serpent,
+with every curve of its body and the "break" spreading away from its
+head, and the wake following behind its tail clothed in a fierce splendor
+of living fire.  And my, but it was coming at a lightning gait!  Almost
+before you could think, this monster of light, fifty feet long, would go
+flaming and storming by, and suddenly disappear.  And out in the distance
+whence he came you would see another flash; and another and another and
+another, and see them turn into sea-serpents on the instant; and once
+sixteen flashed up at the same time and came tearing towards us, a swarm
+of wiggling curves, a moving conflagration, a vision of bewildering
+beauty, a spectacle of fire and energy whose equal the most of those
+people will not see again until after they are dead.
+
+It was porpoises--porpoises aglow with phosphorescent light.  They
+presently collected in a wild and magnificent jumble under the bows, and
+there they played for an hour, leaping and frollicking and carrying on,
+turning summersaults in front of the stem or across it and never getting
+hit, never making a miscalculation, though the stem missed them only
+about an inch, as a rule.  They were porpoises of the ordinary length
+--eight or ten feet--but every twist of their bodies sent a long
+procession of united and glowing curves astern.  That fiery jumble was
+an enchanting thing to look at, and we stayed out the performance; one
+cannot have such a show as that twice in a lifetime.  The porpoise is the
+kitten of the sea; he never has a serious thought, he cares for nothing
+but fun and play.  But I think I never saw him at his winsomest until
+that night. It was near a center of civilization, and he could have been
+drinking.
+
+By and by, when we had approached to somewhere within thirty miles of
+Sydney Heads the great electric light that is posted on one of those
+lofty ramparts began to show, and in time the little spark grew to a
+great sun and pierced the firmament of darkness with a far-reaching sword
+of light.
+
+Sydney Harbor is shut in behind a precipice that extends some miles like
+a wall, and exhibits no break to the ignorant stranger.  It has a break
+in the middle, but it makes so little show that even Captain Cook sailed
+by it without seeing it.  Near by that break is a false break which
+resembles it, and which used to make trouble for the mariner at night, in
+the early days before the place was lighted.  It caused the memorable
+disaster to the Duncan Dunbar, one of the most pathetic tragedies in the
+history of that pitiless ruffian, the sea.  The ship was a sailing
+vessel; a fine and favorite passenger packet, commanded by a popular
+captain of high reputation.  She was due from England, and Sydney was
+waiting, and counting the hours; counting the hours, and making ready to
+give her a heart-stirring welcome; for she was bringing back a great
+company of mothers and daughters, the long-missed light and bloom of life
+of Sydney homes; daughters that had been years absent at school, and
+mothers that had been with them all that time watching over them.  Of all
+the world only India and Australasia have by custom freighted ships and
+fleets with their hearts, and know the tremendous meaning of that phrase;
+only they know what the waiting is like when this freightage is entrusted
+to the fickle winds, not steam, and what the joy is like when the ship
+that is returning this treasure comes safe to port and the long dread is
+over.
+
+On board the Duncan Dunbar, flying toward Sydney Heads in the waning
+afternoon, the happy home-comers made busy preparation, for it was not
+doubted that they would be in the arms of their friends before the day
+was done; they put away their sea-going clothes and put on clothes meeter
+for the meeting, their richest and their loveliest, these poor brides of
+the grave.  But the wind lost force, or there was a miscalculation, and
+before the Heads were sighted the darkness came on.  It was said that
+ordinarily the captain would have made a safe offing and waited for the
+morning; but this was no ordinary occasion; all about him were appealing
+faces, faces pathetic with disappointment.  So his sympathy moved him to
+try the dangerous passage in the dark.  He had entered the Heads
+seventeen times, and believed he knew the ground.  So he steered straight
+for the false opening, mistaking it for the true one.  He did not find
+out that he was wrong until it was too late.  There was no saving the
+ship.  The great seas swept her in and crushed her to splinters and
+rubbish upon the rock tushes at the base of the precipice.  Not one of
+all that fair and gracious company was ever seen again alive.  The tale
+is told to every stranger that passes the spot, and it will continue to
+be told to all that come, for generations; but it will never grow old,
+custom cannot stale it, the heart-break that is in it can never perish
+out of it.
+
+There were two hundred persons in the ship, and but one survived the
+disaster.  He was a sailor.  A huge sea flung him up the face of the
+precipice and stretched him on a narrow shelf of rock midway between the
+top and the bottom, and there he lay all night.  At any other time he
+would have lain there for the rest of his life, without chance of
+discovery; but the next morning the ghastly news swept through Sydney
+that the Duncan Dunbar had gone down in sight of home, and straightway
+the walls of the Heads were black with mourners; and one of these,
+stretching himself out over the precipice to spy out what might be seen
+below, discovered this miraculously preserved relic of the wreck.  Ropes
+were brought and the nearly impossible feat of rescuing the man was
+accomplished.  He was a person with a practical turn of mind, and he
+hired a hall in Sydney and exhibited himself at sixpence a head till he
+exhausted the output of the gold fields for that year.
+
+We entered and cast anchor, and in the morning went oh-ing and ah-ing in
+admiration up through the crooks and turns of the spacious and beautiful
+harbor--a harbor which is the darling of Sydney and the wonder of the
+world.  It is not surprising that the people are proud of it, nor that
+they put their enthusiasm into eloquent words.  A returning citizen asked
+me what I thought of it, and I testified with a cordiality which I judged
+would be up to the market rate.  I said it was beautiful--superbly
+beautiful.  Then by a natural impulse I gave God the praise.  The citizen
+did not seem altogether satisfied.  He said:
+
+"It is beautiful, of course it's beautiful--the Harbor; but that isn't
+all of it, it's only half of it; Sydney's the other half, and it takes
+both of them together to ring the supremacy-bell.  God made the Harbor,
+and that's all right; but Satan made Sydney."
+
+Of course I made an apology; and asked him to convey it to his friend.
+He was right about Sydney being half of it.  It would be beautiful
+without Sydney, but not above half as beautiful as it is now, with Sydney
+added.  It is shaped somewhat like an oak-leaf-a roomy sheet of lovely
+blue water, with narrow off-shoots of water running up into the country
+on both sides between long fingers of land, high wooden ridges with sides
+sloped like graves.  Handsome villas are perched here and there on these
+ridges, snuggling amongst the foliage, and one catches alluring glimpses
+of them as the ship swims by toward the city.  The city clothes a cluster
+of hills and a ruffle of neighboring ridges with its undulating masses of
+masonry, and out of these masses spring towers and spires and other
+architectural dignities and grandeurs that break the flowing lines and
+give picturesqueness to the general effect.
+
+The narrow inlets which I have mentioned go wandering out into the land
+everywhere and hiding themselves in it, and pleasure-launches are always
+exploring them with picnic parties on board.  It is said by trustworthy
+people that if you explore them all you will find that you have covered
+700 miles of water passage.  But there are liars everywhere this year,
+and they will double that when their works are in good going order.
+October was close at hand, spring was come.  It was really spring
+--everybody said so; but you could have sold it for summer in Canada, and
+nobody would have suspected.  It was the very weather that makes our home
+summers the perfection of climatic luxury; I mean, when you are out in
+the wood or by the sea.  But these people said it was cool, now--a person
+ought to see Sydney in the summer time if he wanted to know what warm
+weather is; and he ought to go north ten or fifteen hundred miles if he
+wanted to know what hot weather is.  They said that away up there toward
+the equator the hens laid fried eggs.  Sydney is the place to go to get
+information about other people's climates.  It seems to me that the
+occupation of Unbiased Traveler Seeking Information is the pleasantest
+and most irresponsible trade there is.  The traveler can always find out
+anything he wants to, merely by asking.  He can get at all the facts, and
+more.  Everybody helps him, nobody hinders him.  Anybody who has an old
+fact in stock that is no longer negotiable in the domestic market will
+let him have it at his own price.  An accumulation of such goods is
+easily and quickly made.  They cost almost nothing and they bring par in
+the foreign market.  Travelers who come to America always freight up with
+the same old nursery tales that their predecessors selected, and they
+carry them back and always work them off without any trouble in the home
+market.
+
+If the climates of the world were determined by parallels of latitude,
+then we could know a place's climate by its position on the map; and so
+we should know that the climate of Sydney was the counterpart of the
+climate of Columbia, S. C., and of Little Rock, Arkansas, since Sydney is
+about the same distance south of the equator that those other towns are
+north of-it-thirty-four degrees.  But no, climate disregards the
+parallels of latitude.  In Arkansas they have a winter; in Sydney they
+have the name of it, but not the thing itself.  I have seen the ice in
+the Mississippi floating past the mouth of the Arkansas river; and at
+Memphis, but a little way above, the Mississippi has been frozen over,
+from bank to bank.  But they have never had a cold spell in Sydney which
+brought the mercury down to freezing point.  Once in a mid-winter day
+there, in the month of July, the mercury went down to 36 deg., and that
+remains the memorable "cold day" in the history of the town.  No doubt
+Little Rock has seen it below zero.  Once, in Sydney, in mid-summer,
+about New Year's Day, the mercury went up to 106 deg. in the shade, and
+that is Sydney's memorable hot day.  That would about tally with Little
+Rock's hottest day also, I imagine.  My Sydney figures are taken from a
+government report, and are trustworthy.  In the matter of summer weather
+Arkansas has no advantage over Sydney, perhaps, but when it comes to
+winter weather, that is another affair.  You could cut up an Arkansas
+winter into a hundred Sydney winters and have enough left for Arkansas
+and the poor.
+
+The whole narrow, hilly belt of the Pacific side of New South Wales has
+the climate of its capital--a mean winter temperature of 54 deg. and a
+mean summer one of 71 deg.  It is a climate which cannot be improved upon
+for healthfulness.  But the experts say that 90 deg. in New South Wales
+is harder to bear than 112 deg. in the neighboring colony of Victoria,
+because the atmosphere of the former is humid, and of the latter dry.
+The mean temperature of the southernmost point of New South Wales is the
+same as that of Nice--60 deg.--yet Nice is further from the equator by
+460 miles than is the former.
+
+But Nature is always stingy of perfect climates; stingier in the case of
+Australia than usual.  Apparently this vast continent has a really good
+climate nowhere but around the edges.
+
+If we look at a map of the world we are surprised to see how big
+Australia is.  It is about two-thirds as large as the United States was
+before we added Alaska.
+
+But where as one finds a sufficiently good climate and fertile land
+almost everywhere in the United States, it seems settled that inside of
+the Australian border-belt one finds many deserts and in spots a climate
+which nothing can stand except a few of the hardier kinds of rocks.  In
+effect, Australia is as yet unoccupied.  If you take a map of the United
+States and leave the Atlantic sea-board States in their places; also the
+fringe of Southern States from Florida west to the Mouth of the
+Mississippi; also a narrow, inhabited streak up the Mississippi half-way
+to its head waters; also a narrow, inhabited border along the Pacific
+coast: then take a brushful of paint and obliterate the whole remaining
+mighty stretch of country that lies between the Atlantic States and the
+Pacific-coast strip, your map will look like the latest map of Australia.
+
+This stupendous blank is hot, not to say torrid; a part of it is fertile,
+the rest is desert; it is not liberally watered; it has no towns.  One
+has only to cross the mountains of New South Wales and descend into the
+westward-lying regions to find that he has left the choice climate behind
+him, and found a new one of a quite different character.  In fact, he
+would not know by the thermometer that he was not in the blistering
+Plains of India.  Captain Sturt, the great explorer, gives us a sample of
+the heat.
+
+     "The wind, which had been blowing all the morning from the N.E.,
+     increased to a heavy gale, and I shall never forget its withering
+     effect.  I sought shelter behind a large gum-tree, but the blasts of
+     heat were so terrific that I wondered the very grass did not take
+     fire.  This really was nothing ideal: everything both animate and
+     inanimate gave way before it; the horses stood with their backs to
+     the wind and their noses to the ground, without the muscular
+     strength to raise their heads; the birds were mute, and the leaves
+     of the trees under which we were sitting fell like a snow shower
+     around us.  At noon I took a thermometer graded to 127 deg., out of
+     my box, and observed that the mercury was up to 125.  Thinking that
+     it had been unduly influenced, I put it in the fork of a tree close
+     to me, sheltered alike from the wind and the sun.  I went to examine
+     it about an hour afterwards, when I found the mercury had risen to
+     the-top of the instrument and had burst the bulb, a circumstance
+     that I believe no traveler has ever before had to record.  I cannot
+     find language to convey to the reader's mind an idea of the intense
+     and oppressive nature of the heat that prevailed."
+
+That hot wind sweeps over Sydney sometimes, and brings with it what is
+called a "dust-storm."  It is said that most Australian towns are
+acquainted with the dust-storm.  I think I know what it is like, for the
+following description by Mr. Gape tallies very well with the alkali
+duststorm of Nevada, if you leave out the "shovel" part.  Still the
+shovel part is a pretty important part, and seems to indicate that my
+Nevada storm is but a poor thing, after all.
+
+     "As we proceeded the altitude became less, and the heat
+     proportionately greater until we reached Dubbo, which is only 600
+     feet above sea-level.  It is a pretty town, built on an extensive
+     plain .  .  .  .  After the effects of a shower of rain have passed
+     away the surface of the ground crumbles into a thick layer of dust,
+     and occasionally, when the wind is in a particular quarter, it is
+     lifted bodily from the ground in one long opaque cloud.  In the
+     midst of such a storm nothing can be seen a few yards ahead, and the
+     unlucky person who happens to be out at the time is compelled to
+     seek the nearest retreat at hand.  When the thrifty housewife sees
+     in the distance the dark column advancing in a steady whirl towards
+     her house, she closes the doors and windows with all expedition.  A
+     drawing-room, the window of which has been carelessly left open
+     during a dust-storm, is indeed an extraordinary sight.  A lady who
+     has resided in Dubbo for some years says that the dust lies so thick
+     on the carpet that it is necessary to use a shovel to remove it."
+
+And probably a wagon.  I was mistaken; I have not seen a proper
+duststorm.  To my mind the exterior aspects and character of Australia
+are fascinating things to look at and think about, they are so strange,
+so weird, so new, so uncommonplace, such a startling and interesting
+contrast to the other sections of the planet, the sections that are known
+to us all, familiar to us all.  In the matter of particulars--a detail
+here, a detail there--we have had the choice climate of New South Wales'
+seacoast; we have had the Australian heat as furnished by Captain Sturt;
+we have had the wonderful dust-storm; and we have considered the
+phenomenon of an almost empty hot wilderness half as big as the United
+States, with a narrow belt of civilization, population, and good climate
+around it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER X.
+
+Everything human is pathetic.  The secret source of Humor itself is not
+joy but sorrow.  There is no humor in heaven.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Captain Cook found Australia in 1770, and eighteen years later the
+British Government began to transport convicts to it.  Altogether, New
+South Wales received 83,000 in 53 years.  The convicts wore heavy chains;
+they were ill-fed and badly treated by the officers set over them; they
+were heavily punished for even slight infractions of the rules; "the
+cruelest discipline ever known" is one historian's description of their
+life.--[The Story of Australasia.  J. S. Laurie.]
+
+English law was hard-hearted in those days.  For trifling offenses which
+in our day would be punished by a small fine or a few days' confinement,
+men, women, and boys were sent to this other end of the earth to serve
+terms of seven and fourteen years; and for serious crimes they were
+transported for life.  Children were sent to the penal colonies for seven
+years for stealing a rabbit!
+
+When I was in London twenty-three years ago there was a new penalty in
+force for diminishing garroting and wife-beating--25 lashes on the bare
+back with the cat-o'-nine-tails.  It was said that this terrible
+punishment was able to bring the stubbornest ruffians to terms; and that
+no man had been found with grit enough to keep his emotions to himself
+beyond the ninth blow; as a rule the man shrieked earlier.  That penalty
+had a great and wholesome effect upon the garroters and wife-beaters; but
+humane modern London could not endure it; it got its law rescinded.  Many
+a bruised and battered English wife has since had occasion to deplore
+that cruel achievement of sentimental "humanity."
+
+Twenty-five lashes!  In Australia and Tasmania they gave a convict fifty
+for almost any little offense; and sometimes a brutal officer would add
+fifty, and then another fifty, and so on, as long as the sufferer could
+endure the torture and live.  In Tasmania I read the entry, in an old
+manuscript official record, of a case where a convict was given three
+hundred lashes--for stealing some silver spoons.  And men got more than
+that, sometimes.  Who handled the cat?  Often it was another convict;
+sometimes it was the culprit's dearest comrade; and he had to lay on with
+all his might; otherwise he would get a flogging himself for his mercy
+--for he was under watch--and yet not do his friend any good: the friend
+would be attended to by another hand and suffer no lack in the matter of
+full punishment.
+
+The convict life in Tasmania was so unendurable, and suicide so difficult
+to accomplish that once or twice despairing men got together and drew
+straws to determine which of them should kill another of the group--this
+murder to secure death to the perpetrator and to the witnesses of it by
+the hand of the hangman!
+
+The incidents quoted above are mere hints, mere suggestions of what
+convict life was like--they are but a couple of details tossed into view
+out of a shoreless sea of such; or, to change the figure, they are but a
+pair of flaming steeples photographed from a point which hides from sight
+the burning city which stretches away from their bases on every hand.
+
+Some of the convicts--indeed, a good many of them--were very bad people,
+even for that day; but the most of them were probably not noticeably
+worse than the average of the people they left behind them at home.  We
+must believe this; we cannot avoid it.  We are obliged to believe that a
+nation that could look on, unmoved, and see starving or freezing women
+hanged for stealing twenty-six cents' worth of bacon or rags, and boys
+snatched from their mothers, and men from their families, and sent to the
+other side of the world for long terms of years for similar trifling
+offenses, was a nation to whom the term "civilized" could not in any
+large way be applied.  And we must also believe that a nation that knew,
+during more than forty years, what was happening to those exiles and was
+still content with it, was not advancing in any showy way toward a higher
+grade of civilization.
+
+If we look into the characters and conduct of the officers and gentlemen
+who had charge of the convicts and attended to their backs and stomachs,
+we must grant again that as between the convict and his masters, and
+between both and the nation at home, there was a quite noticeable
+monotony of sameness.
+
+Four years had gone by, and many convicts had come.  Respectable settlers
+were beginning to arrive.  These two classes of colonists had to be
+protected, in case of trouble among themselves or with the natives.  It
+is proper to mention the natives, though they could hardly count they
+were so scarce.  At a time when they had not as yet begun to be much
+disturbed--not as yet being in the way--it was estimated that in New
+South Wales there was but one native to 45,000 acres of territory.
+
+People had to be protected.  Officers of the regular army did not want
+this service--away off there where neither honor nor distinction was to
+be gained.  So England recruited and officered a kind of militia force of
+1,000 uniformed civilians called the "New South Wales Corps" and shipped
+it.
+
+This was the worst blow of all.  The colony fairly staggered under it.
+The Corps was an object-lesson of the moral condition of England outside
+of the jails.  The colonists trembled.  It was feared that next there
+would be an importation of the nobility.
+
+In those early days the colony was non-supporting.  All the necessaries
+of life--food, clothing, and all--were sent out from England, and kept in
+great government store-houses, and given to the convicts and sold to the
+settlers--sold at a trifling advance upon cost.  The Corps saw its
+opportunity.  Its officers went into commerce, and in a most lawless way.
+They went to importing rum, and also to manufacturing it in private
+stills, in defiance of the government's commands and protests.  They
+leagued themselves together and ruled the market; they boycotted the
+government and the other dealers; they established a close monopoly and
+kept it strictly in their own hands.  When a vessel arrived with spirits,
+they allowed nobody to buy but themselves, and they forced the owner to
+sell to them at a price named by themselves--and it was always low
+enough.  They bought rum at an average of two dollars a gallon and sold
+it at an average of ten.  They made rum the currency of the country--for
+there was little or no money--and they maintained their devastating hold
+and kept the colony under their heel for eighteen or twenty years before
+they were finally conquered and routed by the government.
+
+Meantime, they had spread intemperance everywhere.  And they had squeezed
+farm after farm out of the settlers hands for rum, and thus had
+bountifully enriched themselves.  When a farmer was caught in the last
+agonies of thirst they took advantage of him and sweated him for a drink.
+In one instance they sold a man a gallon of rum worth two dollars for a
+piece of property which was sold some years later for $100,000.
+When the colony was about eighteen or twenty years old it was discovered
+that the land was specially fitted for the wool-culture.  Prosperity
+followed, commerce with the world began, by and by rich mines of the
+noble metals were opened, immigrants flowed in, capital likewise.  The
+result is the great and wealthy and enlightened commonwealth of New South
+Wales.
+
+It is a country that is rich in mines, wool ranches, trams, railways,
+steamship lines, schools, newspapers, botanical gardens, art galleries,
+libraries, museums, hospitals, learned societies; it is the hospitable
+home of every species of culture and of every species of material
+enterprise, and there is a, church at every man's door, and a race-track
+over the way.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XI.
+
+We should be careful to get out of an experience only the wisdom that is
+in it--and stop there; lest we be like the cat that sits down on a hot
+stove-lid.  She will never sit down on a hot stove-lid again--and that is
+well; but also she will never sit down on a cold one any more.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+All English-speaking colonies are made up of lavishly hospitable people,
+and New South Wales and its capital are like the rest in this.  The
+English-speaking colony of the United States of America is always
+called lavishly hospitable by the English traveler.  As to the other
+English-speaking colonies throughout the world from Canada all around, I
+know by experience that the description fits them.  I will not go more
+particularly into this matter, for I find that when writers try to
+distribute their gratitude here and there and yonder by detail they run
+across difficulties and do some ungraceful stumbling.
+
+Mr. Gane ("New South Wales and Victoria in 1885 "), tried to distribute
+his gratitude, and was not lucky:
+
+     "The inhabitants of Sydney are renowned for their hospitality.  The
+     treatment which we experienced at the hands of this generous-hearted
+     people will help more than anything else to make us recollect with
+     pleasure our stay amongst them.  In the character of hosts and
+     hostesses they excel.  The 'new chum' needs only the
+     acquaintanceship of one of their number, and he becomes at once the
+     happy recipient of numerous complimentary invitations and thoughtful
+     kindnesses.  Of the towns it has been our good fortune to visit,
+     none have portrayed home so faithfully as Sydney."
+
+Nobody could say it finer than that.  If he had put in his cork then, and
+stayed away from Dubbo----but no; heedless man, he pulled it again.
+Pulled it when he was away along in his book, and his memory of what he
+had said about Sydney had grown dim:
+
+     "We cannot quit the promising town of Dubbo without testifying, in
+     warm praise, to the kind-hearted and hospitable usages of its
+     inhabitants.  Sydney, though well deserving the character it bears
+     of its kindly treatment of strangers, possesses a little formality
+     and reserve.  In Dubbo, on the contrary, though the same congenial
+     manners prevail, there is a pleasing degree of respectful
+     familiarity which gives the town a homely comfort not often met with
+     elsewhere.  In laying on one side our pen we feel contented in
+     having been able, though so late in this work, to bestow a
+     panegyric, however unpretentious, on a town which, though possessing
+     no picturesque natural surroundings, nor interesting architectural
+     productions, has yet a body of citizens whose hearts cannot but
+     obtain for their town a reputation for benevolence and
+     kind-heartedness."
+
+I wonder what soured him on Sydney.  It seems strange that a pleasing
+degree of three or four fingers of respectful familiarity should fill a
+man up and give him the panegyrics so bad.  For he has them, the worst
+way--any one can see that.  A man who is perfectly at himself does not
+throw cold detraction at people's architectural productions and
+picturesque surroundings, and let on that what he prefers is a Dubbonese
+dust-storm and a pleasing degree of respectful familiarity, No, these are
+old, old symptoms; and when they appear we know that the man has got the
+panegyrics.
+
+Sydney has a population of 400,000.  When a stranger from America steps
+ashore there, the first thing that strikes him is that the place is eight
+or nine times as large as he was expecting it to be; and the next thing
+that strikes him is that it is an English city with American trimmings.
+Later on, in Melbourne, he will find the American trimmings still more in
+evidence; there, even the architecture will often suggest America; a
+photograph of its stateliest business street might be passed upon him for
+a picture of the finest street in a large American city.  I was told that
+the most of the fine residences were the city residences of squatters.
+The name seemed out of focus somehow.  When the explanation came, it
+offered a new instance of the curious changes which words, as well as
+animals, undergo through change of habitat and climate.  With us, when
+you speak of a squatter you are always supposed to be speaking of a poor
+man, but in Australia when you speak of a squatter you are supposed to be
+speaking of a millionaire; in America the word indicates the possessor of
+a few acres and a doubtful title, in Australia it indicates a man whose
+landfront is as long as a railroad, and whose title has been perfected in
+one way or another; in America the word indicates a man who owns a dozen
+head of live stock, in Australia a man who owns anywhere from fifty
+thousand up to half a million head; in America the word indicates a man
+who is obscure and not important, in Australia a man who is prominent and
+of the first importance; in America you take off your hat to no squatter,
+in Australia you do; in America if your uncle is a squatter you keep it
+dark, in Australia you advertise it; in America if your friend is a
+squatter nothing comes of it, but with a squatter for your friend in
+Australia you may sup with kings if there are any around.
+
+In Australia it takes about two acres and a half of pastureland (some
+people say twice as many), to support a sheep; and when the squatter has
+half a million sheep his private domain is about as large as Rhode
+Island, to speak in general terms.  His annual wool crop may be worth a
+quarter or a half million dollars.
+
+He will live in a palace in Melbourne or Sydney or some other of the
+large cities, and make occasional trips to his sheep-kingdom several
+hundred miles away in the great plains to look after his battalions of
+riders and shepherds and other hands.  He has a commodious dwelling out
+there, and if he approve of you he will invite you to spend a week in it,
+and will make you at home and comfortable, and let you see the great
+industry in all its details, and feed you and slake you and smoke you
+with the best that money can buy.
+
+On at least one of these vast estates there is a considerable town, with
+all the various businesses and occupations that go to make an important
+town; and the town and the land it stands upon are the property of the
+squatters.  I have seen that town, and it is not unlikely that there are
+other squatter-owned towns in Australia.
+
+Australia supplies the world not only with fine wool, but with mutton
+also.  The modern invention of cold storage and its application in ships
+has created this great trade.  In Sydney I visited a huge establishment
+where they kill and clean and solidly freeze a thousand sheep a day, for
+shipment to England.
+
+The Australians did not seem to me to differ noticeably from Americans,
+either in dress, carriage, ways, pronunciation, inflections, or general
+appearance.  There were fleeting and subtle suggestions of their English
+origin, but these were not pronounced enough, as a rule, to catch one's
+attention.  The people have easy and cordial manners from the beginning
+--from the moment that the introduction is completed.  This is American.
+To put it in another way, it is English friendliness with the English
+shyness and self-consciousness left out.
+
+Now and then--but this is rare--one hears such words as piper for paper,
+lydy for lady, and tyble for table fall from lips whence one would not
+expect such pronunciations to come.  There is a superstition prevalent in
+Sydney that this pronunciation is an Australianism, but people who have
+been "home"--as the native reverently and lovingly calls England--know
+better.  It is "costermonger."  All over Australasia this pronunciation
+is nearly as common among servants as it is in London among the
+uneducated and the partially educated of all sorts and conditions of
+people.  That mislaid 'y' is rather striking when a person gets enough of
+it into a short sentence to enable it to show up.  In the hotel in Sydney
+the chambermaid said, one morning:
+
+"The tyble is set, and here is the piper; and if the lydy is ready I'll
+tell the wyter to bring up the breakfast."
+
+I have made passing mention, a moment ago, of the native Australasian's
+custom of speaking of England as "home."  It was always pretty to hear
+it, and often it was said in an unconsciously caressing way that made it
+touching; in a way which transmuted a sentiment into an embodiment, and
+made one seem to see Australasia as a young girl stroking mother
+England's old gray head.
+
+In the Australasian home the table-talk is vivacious and unembarrassed;
+it is without stiffness or restraint.  This does not remind one of
+England so much as it does of America.  But Australasia is strictly
+democratic, and reserves and restraints are things that are bred by
+differences of rank.
+
+English and colonial audiences are phenomenally alert and responsive.
+Where masses of people are gathered together in England, caste is
+submerged, and with it the English reserve; equality exists for the
+moment, and every individual is free; so free from any consciousness of
+fetters, indeed, that the Englishman's habit of watching himself and
+guarding himself against any injudicious exposure of his feelings is
+forgotten, and falls into abeyance--and to such a degree indeed, that he
+will bravely applaud all by himself if he wants to--an exhibition of
+daring which is unusual elsewhere in the world.
+
+But it is hard to move a new English acquaintance when he is by himself,
+or when the company present is small and new to him.  He is on his guard
+then, and his natural reserve is to the fore.  This has given him the
+false reputation of being without humor and without the appreciation of
+humor.
+
+Americans are not Englishmen, and American humor is not English humor;
+but both the American and his humor had their origin in England, and have
+merely undergone changes brought about by changed conditions and a new
+environment.  About the best humorous speeches I have yet heard were a
+couple that were made in Australia at club suppers--one of them by an
+Englishman, the other by an Australian.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XII.
+
+There are those who scoff at the schoolboy, calling him frivolous and
+shallow: Yet it was the schoolboy who said "Faith is believing what you
+know ain't so."
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+In Sydney I had a large dream, and in the course of talk I told it to a
+missionary from India who was on his way to visit some relatives in New
+Zealand.  I dreamed that the visible universe is the physical person of
+God; that the vast worlds that we see twinkling millions of miles apart
+in the fields of space are the blood corpuscles in His veins; and that we
+and the other creatures are the microbes that charge with multitudinous
+life the corpuscles.
+
+Mr. X., the missionary, considered the dream awhile, then said:
+
+     "It is not surpassable for magnitude, since its metes and bounds are
+     the metes and bounds of the universe itself; and it seems to me that
+     it almost accounts for a thing which is otherwise nearly
+     unaccountable--the origin of the sacred legends of the Hindoos.
+     Perhaps they dream them, and then honestly believe them to be divine
+     revelations of fact.  It looks like that, for the legends are built
+     on so vast a scale that it does not seem reasonable that plodding
+     priests would happen upon such colossal fancies when awake."
+
+He told some of the legends, and said that they were implicitly believed
+by all classes of Hindoos, including those of high social position and
+intelligence; and he said that this universal credulity was a great
+hindrance to the missionary in his work.  Then he said something like
+this:
+
+     "At home, people wonder why Christianity does not make faster
+     progress in India.  They hear that the Indians believe easily, and
+     that they have a natural trust in miracles and give them a
+     hospitable reception.  Then they argue like this: since the Indian
+     believes easily, place Christianity before them and they must
+     believe; confirm its truths by the biblical miracles, and they will
+     no longer doubt, The natural deduction is, that as Christianity
+     makes but indifferent progress in India, the fault is with us: we
+     are not fortunate in presenting the doctrines and the miracles.
+
+     "But the truth is, we are not by any means so well equipped as they
+     think.  We have not the easy task that they imagine.  To use a
+     military figure, we are sent against the enemy with good powder in
+     our guns, but only wads for bullets; that is to say, our miracles
+     are not effective; the Hindoos do not care for them; they have more
+     extraordinary ones of their own.  All the details of their own
+     religion are proven and established by miracles; the details of ours
+     must be proven in the same way.  When I first began my work in India
+     I greatly underestimated the difficulties thus put upon my task.  A
+     correction was not long in coming.  I thought as our friends think
+     at home--that to prepare my childlike wonder-lovers to listen with
+     favor to my grave message I only needed to charm the way to it with
+     wonders, marvels, miracles.  With full confidence I told the wonders
+     performed by Samson, the strongest man that had ever lived--for so I
+     called him.
+
+     "At first I saw lively anticipation and strong interest in the faces
+     of my people, but as I moved along from incident to incident of the
+     great story, I was distressed to see that I was steadily losing the
+     sympathy of my audience.  I could not understand it.  It was a
+     surprise to me, and a disappointment.  Before I was through, the
+     fading sympathy had paled to indifference.  Thence to the end the
+     indifference remained; I was not able to make any impression upon
+     it.
+
+     "A good old Hindoo gentleman told me where my trouble lay.  He said
+     'We Hindoos recognize a god by the work of his hands--we accept no
+     other testimony.  Apparently, this is also the rule with you
+     Christians.  And we know when a man has his power from a god by the
+     fact that he does things which he could not do, as a man, with the
+     mere powers of a man.  Plainly, this is the Christian's way also, of
+     knowing when a man is working by a god's power and not by his own.
+     You saw that there was a supernatural property in the hair of
+     Samson; for you perceived that when his hair was gone he was as
+     other men.  It is our way, as I have said.  There are many nations
+     in the world, and each group of nations has its own gods, and will
+     pay no worship to the gods of the others.  Each group believes its
+     own gods to be strongest, and it will not exchange them except for
+     gods that shall be proven to be their superiors in power.  Man is
+     but a weak creature, and needs the help of gods--he cannot do
+     without it.  Shall he place his fate in the hands of weak gods when
+     there may be stronger ones to be found?  That would be foolish.  No,
+     if he hear of gods that are stronger than his own, he should not
+     turn a deaf ear, for it is not a light matter that is at stake.  How
+     then shall he determine which gods are the stronger, his own or
+     those that preside over the concerns of other nations?  By comparing
+     the known works of his own gods with the works of those others;
+     there is no other way.  Now, when we make this comparison, we are
+     not drawn towards the gods of any other nation.  Our gods are shown
+     by their works to be the strongest, the most powerful.  The
+     Christians have but few gods, and they are new--new, and not strong;
+     as it seems to us.  They will increase in number, it is true, for
+     this has happened with all gods, but that time is far away, many
+     ages and decades of ages away, for gods multiply slowly, as is meet
+     for beings to whom a thousand years is but a single moment.  Our own
+     gods have been born millions of years apart.  The process is slow,
+     the gathering of strength and power is similarly slow.  In the slow
+     lapse of the ages the steadily accumulating power of our gods has at
+     last become prodigious.  We have a thousand proofs of this in the
+     colossal character of their personal acts and the acts of ordinary
+     men to whom they have given supernatural qualities.  To your Samson
+     was given supernatural power, and when he broke the withes, and slew
+     the thousands with the jawbone of an ass, and carried away the
+     gate's of the city upon his shoulders, you were amazed--and also
+     awed, for you recognized the divine source of his strength.  But it
+     could not profit to place these things before your Hindoo
+     congregation and invite their wonder; for they would compare them
+     with the deed done by Hanuman, when our gods infused their divine
+     strength into his muscles; and they would be indifferent to them--as
+     you saw.  In the old, old times, ages and ages gone by, when our god
+     Rama was warring with the demon god of Ceylon, Rama bethought him to
+     bridge the sea and connect Ceylon with India, so that his armies
+     might pass easily over; and he sent his general, Hanuman, inspired
+     like your own Samson with divine strength, to bring the materials
+     for the bridge.  In two days Hanuman strode fifteen hundred miles,
+     to the Himalayas, and took upon his shoulder a range of those lofty
+     mountains two hundred miles long, and started with it toward Ceylon.
+     It was in the night; and, as he passed along the plain, the people
+     of Govardhun heard the thunder of his tread and felt the earth
+     rocking under it, and they ran out, and there, with their snowy
+     summits piled to heaven, they saw the Himalayas passing by.  And as
+     this huge continent swept along overshadowing the earth, upon its
+     slopes they discerned the twinkling lights of a thousand sleeping
+     villages, and it was as if the constellations were filing in
+     procession through the sky.  While they were looking, Hanuman
+     stumbled, and a small ridge of red sandstone twenty miles long was
+     jolted loose and fell.  Half of its length has wasted away in the
+     course of the ages, but the other ten miles of it remain in the
+     plain by Govardhun to this day as proof of the might of the
+     inspiration of our gods.  You must know, yourself, that Hanuman
+     could not have carried those mountains to Ceylon except by the
+     strength of the gods.  You know that it was not done by his own
+     strength, therefore, you know that it was done by the strength of
+     the gods, just as you know that Samson carried the gates by the
+     divine strength and not by his own.  I think you must concede two
+     things:  First, That in carrying the gates of the city upon his
+     shoulders, Samson did not establish the superiority of his gods over
+     ours; secondly, That his feat is not supported by any but verbal
+     evidence, while Hanuman's is not only supported by verbal evidence,
+     but this evidence is confirmed, established, proven, by visible,
+     tangible evidence, which is the strongest of all testimony.  We have
+     the sandstone ridge, and while it remains we cannot doubt, and shall
+     not.  Have you the gates?'"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIII.
+
+The timid man yearns for full value and asks a tenth.  The bold man
+strikes for double value and compromises on par.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+One is sure to be struck by the liberal way in which Australasia spends
+money upon public works--such as legislative buildings, town halls,
+hospitals, asylums, parks, and botanical gardens.  I should say that
+where minor towns in America spend a hundred dollars on the town hall and
+on public parks and gardens, the like towns in Australasia spend a
+thousand.  And I think that this ratio will hold good in the matter of
+hospitals, also.  I have seen a costly and well-equipped, and
+architecturally handsome hospital in an Australian village of fifteen
+hundred inhabitants.  It was built by private funds furnished by the
+villagers and the neighboring planters, and its running expenses were
+drawn from the same sources.  I suppose it would be hard to match this in
+any country.  This village was about to close a contract for lighting its
+streets with the electric light, when I was there.  That is ahead of
+London.  London is still obscured by gas--gas pretty widely scattered,
+too, in some of the districts; so widely indeed, that except on moonlight
+nights it is difficult to find the gas lamps.
+
+The botanical garden of Sydney covers thirty-eight acres, beautifully
+laid out and rich with the spoil of all the lands and all the climes of
+the world.  The garden is on high ground in the middle of the town,
+overlooking the great harbor, and it adjoins the spacious grounds of
+Government House--fifty-six acres; and at hand also, is a recreation
+ground containing eighty-two acres.  In addition, there are the
+zoological gardens, the race-course, and the great cricket-grounds where
+the international matches are played.  Therefore there is plenty of room
+for reposeful lazying and lounging, and for exercise too, for such as
+like that kind of work.
+
+There are four specialties attainable in the way of social pleasure.  If
+you enter your name on the Visitor's Book at Government House you will
+receive an invitation to the next ball that takes place there, if nothing
+can be proven against you.  And it will be very pleasant; for you will
+see everybody except the Governor, and add a number of acquaintances and
+several friends to your list.  The Governor will be in England.  He
+always is.  The continent has four or five governors, and I do not know
+how many it takes to govern the outlying archipelago; but anyway you will
+not see them.  When they are appointed they come out from England and get
+inaugurated, and give a ball, and help pray for rain, and get aboard ship
+and go back home.  And so the Lieutenant-Governor has to do all the work.
+I was in Australasia three months and a half, and saw only one Governor.
+The others were at home.
+
+The Australasian Governor would not be so restless, perhaps, if he had a
+war, or a veto, or something like that to call for his reserve-energies,
+but he hasn't.  There isn't any war, and there isn't any veto in his
+hands.  And so there is really little or nothing doing in his line.  The
+country governs itself, and prefers to do it; and is so strenuous about
+it and so jealous of its independence that it grows restive if even the
+Imperial Government at home proposes to help; and so the Imperial veto,
+while a fact, is yet mainly a name.
+
+Thus the Governor's functions are much more limited than are a Governor's
+functions with us.  And therefore more fatiguing.  He is the apparent
+head of the State, he is the real head of Society.  He represents
+culture, refinement, elevated sentiment, polite life, religion; and by
+his example he propagates these, and they spread and flourish and bear
+good fruit.  He creates the fashion, and leads it.  His ball is the ball
+of balls, and his countenance makes the horse-race thrive.
+
+He is usually a lord, and this is well; for his position compels him to
+lead an expensive life, and an English lord is generally well equipped
+for that.
+
+Another of Sydney's social pleasures is the visit to the Admiralty House;
+which is nobly situated on high ground overlooking the water.  The trim
+boats of the service convey the guests thither; and there, or on board
+the flag-ship, they have the duplicate of the hospitalities of Government
+House.  The Admiral commanding a station in British waters is a magnate
+of the first degree, and he is sumptuously housed, as becomes the dignity
+of his office.
+
+Third in the list of special pleasures is the tour of the harbor in a
+fine steam pleasure-launch.  Your richer friends own boats of this kind,
+and they will invite you, and the joys of the trip will make a long day
+seem short.
+
+And finally comes the shark-fishing.  Sydney Harbor is populous with the
+finest breeds of man-eating sharks in the world.  Some people make their
+living catching them; for the Government pays a cash bounty on them.  The
+larger the shark the larger the bounty, and some of the sharks are twenty
+feet long.  You not only get the bounty, but everything that is in the
+shark belongs to you.  Sometimes the contents are quite valuable.
+
+The shark is the swiftest fish that swims.  The speed of the fastest
+steamer afloat is poor compared to his.  And he is a great gad-about, and
+roams far and wide in the oceans, and visits the shores of all of them,
+ultimately, in the course of his restless excursions.  I have a tale to
+tell now, which has not as yet been in print.  In 1870 a young stranger
+arrived in Sydney, and set about finding something to do; but he knew no
+one, and brought no recommendations, and the result was that he got no
+employment.  He had aimed high, at first, but as time and his money
+wasted away he grew less and less exacting, until at last he was willing
+to serve in the humblest capacities if so he might get bread and shelter.
+But luck was still against him; he could find no opening of any sort.
+Finally his money was all gone.  He walked the streets all day, thinking;
+he walked them all night, thinking, thinking, and growing hungrier and
+hungrier.  At dawn he found himself well away from the town and drifting
+aimlessly along the harbor shore.  As he was passing by a nodding
+shark-fisher the man looked up and said----
+
+"Say, young fellow, take my line a spell, and change my luck for me."
+
+"How do you know I won't make it worse?"
+
+"Because you can't.  It has been at its worst all night.  If you can't
+change it, no harm's done; if you do change it, it's for the better,
+of course.  Come."
+
+"All right, what will you give?"
+
+"I'll give you the shark, if you catch one."
+
+"And I will eat it, bones and all.  Give me the line."
+
+"Here you are.  I will get away, now, for awhile, so that my luck won't
+spoil yours; for many and many a time I've noticed that if----there, pull
+in, pull in, man, you've got a bite!  I knew how it would be.  Why, I
+knew you for a born son of luck the minute I saw you.  All right--he's
+landed."
+
+It was an unusually large shark--"a full nineteen-footer," the fisherman
+said, as he laid the creature open with his knife.
+
+"Now you rob him, young man, while I step to my hamper for a fresh bait.
+There's generally something in them worth going for.  You've changed my
+luck, you see.  But my goodness, I hope you haven't changed your own."
+
+"Oh, it wouldn't matter; don't worry about that.  Get your bait.  I'll
+rob him."
+
+When the fisherman got back the young man had just finished washing his
+hands in the bay, and was starting away.
+
+"What, you are not going?"
+
+"Yes.  Good-bye."
+
+"But what about your shark?"
+
+"The shark?  Why, what use is he to me?"
+
+"What use is he?  I like that.  Don't you know that we can go and report
+him to Government, and you'll get a clean solid eighty shillings bounty?
+Hard cash, you know.  What do you think about it now?"
+
+"Oh, well, you can collect it."
+
+"And keep it?  Is that what you mean?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"Well, this is odd.  You're one of those sort they call eccentrics, I
+judge.  The saying is, you mustn't judge a man by his clothes, and I'm
+believing it now.  Why yours are looking just ratty, don't you know; and
+yet you must be rich."
+
+"I am."
+
+The young man walked slowly back to the town, deeply musing as he went.
+He halted a moment in front of the best restaurant, then glanced at his
+clothes and passed on, and got his breakfast at a "stand-up."  There was
+a good deal of it, and it cost five shillings.  He tendered a sovereign,
+got his change, glanced at his silver, muttered to himself, "There isn't
+enough to buy clothes with," and went his way.
+
+At half-past nine the richest wool-broker in Sydney was sitting in his
+morning-room at home, settling his breakfast with the morning paper.  A
+servant put his head in and said:
+
+"There's a sundowner at the door wants to see you, sir."
+
+"What do you bring that kind of a message here for?  Send him about his
+business."
+
+"He won't go, sir.  I've tried."
+
+"He won't go?  That's--why, that's unusual.  He's one of two things,
+then: he's a remarkable person, or he's crazy.  Is he crazy?"
+
+"No, sir.  He don't look it."
+
+"Then he's remarkable.  What does he say he wants?"
+
+"He won't tell, sir; only says it's very important."
+
+"And won't go.  Does he say he won't go?"
+
+"Says he'll stand there till he sees you, sir, if it's all day."
+
+"And yet isn't crazy.  Show him up."
+
+The sundowner was shown in.  The broker said to himself, "No, he's not
+crazy; that is easy to see; so he must be the other thing."
+
+Then aloud, "Well, my good fellow, be quick about it; don't waste any
+words; what is it you want?"
+
+"I want to borrow a hundred thousand pounds."
+
+"Scott!  (It's a mistake; he is crazy .  .  .  .  No--he can't be--not
+with that eye.) Why, you take my breath away.  Come, who are you?"
+
+"Nobody that you know."
+
+"What is your name?"
+
+"Cecil Rhodes."
+
+"No, I don't remember hearing the name before.  Now then--just for
+curiosity's sake--what has sent you to me on this extraordinary errand?"
+
+"The intention to make a hundred thousand pounds for you and as much for
+myself within the next sixty days."
+
+"Well, well, well.  It is the most extraordinary idea that--sit down--you
+interest me.  And somehow you--well, you fascinate me; I think that that
+is about the word.  And it isn't your proposition--no, that doesn't
+fascinate me; it's something else, I don't quite know what; something
+that's born in you and oozes out of you, I suppose.  Now then just for
+curiosity's sake again, nothing more: as I understand it, it is your
+desire to bor----"
+
+"I said intention."
+
+"Pardon, so you did.  I thought it was an unheedful use of the word--an
+unheedful valuing of its strength, you know."
+
+"I knew its strength."
+
+"Well, I must say--but look here, let me walk the floor a little, my mind
+is getting into a sort of whirl, though you don't seem disturbed any.
+(Plainly this young fellow isn't crazy; but as to his being remarkable
+--well, really he amounts to that, and something over.)  Now then, I
+believe I am beyond the reach of further astonishment.  Strike, and spare
+not.  What is your scheme?"
+
+"To buy the wool crop--deliverable in sixty days."
+
+"What, the whole of it?"
+
+"The whole of it."
+
+"No, I was not quite out of the reach of surprises, after all.  Why, how
+you talk!  Do you know what our crop is going to foot up?"
+
+"Two and a half million sterling--maybe a little more."
+
+"Well, you've got your statistics right, any way.  Now, then, do you know
+what the margins would foot up, to buy it at sixty days?"
+
+"The hundred thousand pounds I came here to get."
+
+"Right, once more.  Well, dear me, just to see what would happen, I wish
+you had the money.  And if you had it, what would you do with it?"
+
+"I shall make two hundred thousand pounds out of it in sixty days."
+
+"You mean, of course, that you might make it if----"
+
+"I said 'shall'."
+
+"Yes, by George, you did say 'shall'!  You are the most definite devil I
+ever saw, in the matter of language.  Dear, dear, dear, look here!
+Definite speech means clarity of mind.  Upon my word I believe you've got
+what you believe to be a rational reason, for venturing into this house,
+an entire stranger, on this wild scheme of buying the wool crop of an
+entire colony on speculation.  Bring it out--I am prepared--acclimatized,
+if I may use the word.  Why would you buy the crop, and why would you
+make that sum out of it?  That is to say, what makes you think you----"
+
+"I don't think--I know."
+
+"Definite again.  How do you know?"
+
+"Because France has declared war against Germany, and wool has gone up
+fourteen per cent. in London and is still rising."
+
+"Oh, in-deed?  Now then, I've got you!  Such a thunderbolt as you have
+just let fly ought to have made me jump out of my chair, but it didn't
+stir me the least little bit, you see.  And for a very simple reason: I
+have read the morning paper.  You can look at it if you want to.  The
+fastest ship in the service arrived at eleven o'clock last night, fifty
+days out from London.  All her news is printed here.  There are no
+war-clouds anywhere; and as for wool, why, it is the low-spiritedest
+commodity in the English market.  It is your turn to jump, now .  .  .  .
+Well, why, don't you jump?  Why do you sit there in that placid fashion,
+when----"
+
+"Because I have later news."
+
+"Later news?  Oh, come--later news than fifty days, brought steaming hot
+from London by the----"
+
+"My news is only ten days old."
+
+"Oh, Mun-chausen, hear the maniac talk!  Where did you get it?"
+
+"Got it out of a shark."
+
+"Oh, oh, oh, this is too much!  Front! call the police bring the gun
+--raise the town!  All the asylums in Christendom have broken loose in the
+single person of----"
+
+"Sit down!  And collect yourself.  Where is the use in getting excited?
+Am I excited?  There is nothing to get excited about.  When I make a
+statement which I cannot prove, it will be time enough for you to begin
+to offer hospitality to damaging fancies about me and my sanity."
+
+"Oh, a thousand, thousand pardons!  I ought to be ashamed of myself, and
+I am ashamed of myself for thinking that a little bit of a circumstance
+like sending a shark to England to fetch back a market report----"
+
+"What does your middle initial stand for, sir?"
+
+"Andrew.  What are you writing?"
+
+"Wait a moment.  Proof about the shark--and another matter.  Only ten
+lines.  There--now it is done.  Sign it."
+
+"Many thanks--many.  Let me see; it says--it says oh, come, this is
+interesting!  Why--why--look here! prove what you say here, and I'll put
+up the money, and double as much, if necessary, and divide the winnings
+with you, half and half.  There, now--I've signed; make your promise good
+if you can.  Show me a copy of the London Times only ten days old."
+
+"Here it is--and with it these buttons and a memorandum book that
+belonged to the man the shark swallowed.  Swallowed him in the Thames,
+without a doubt; for you will notice that the last entry in the book is
+dated 'London,' and is of the same date as the Times, and says, 'Ber
+confequentz der Kreigeseflarun, reife ich heute nach Deutchland ab, aur
+bak ich mein leben auf dem Ultar meines Landes legen mag'----, as clean
+native German as anybody can put upon paper, and means that in
+consequence of the declaration of war, this loyal soul is leaving for
+home to-day, to fight.  And he did leave, too, but the shark had him
+before the day was done, poor fellow."
+
+"And a pity, too.  But there are times for mourning, and we will attend
+to this case further on; other matters are pressing, now.  I will go down
+and set the machinery in motion in a quiet way and buy the crop.  It will
+cheer the drooping spirits of the boys, in a transitory way.  Everything
+is transitory in this world.  Sixty days hence, when they are called to
+deliver the goods, they will think they've been struck by lightning.  But
+there is a time for mourning, and we will attend to that case along with
+the other one.  Come along, I'll take you to my tailor.  What did you say
+your name is?"
+
+"Cecil Rhodes."
+
+"It is hard to remember.  However, I think you will make it easier by and
+by, if you live.  There are three kinds of people--Commonplace Men,
+Remarkable Men, and Lunatics.  I'll classify you with the Remarkables,
+and take the chances."
+
+The deal went through, and secured to the young stranger the first
+fortune he ever pocketed.
+
+The people of Sydney ought to be afraid of the sharks, but for some
+reason they do not seem to be.  On Saturdays the young men go out in
+their boats, and sometimes the water is fairly covered with the little
+sails.  A boat upsets now and then, by accident, a result of tumultuous
+skylarking; sometimes the boys upset their boat for fun--such as it is
+with sharks visibly waiting around for just such an occurrence.  The
+young fellows scramble aboard whole--sometimes--not always.  Tragedies
+have happened more than once.  While I was in Sydney it was reported that
+a boy fell out of a boat in the mouth of the Paramatta river and screamed
+for help and a boy jumped overboard from another boat to save him from
+the assembling sharks; but the sharks made swift work with the lives of
+both.
+
+The government pays a bounty for the shark; to get the bounty the
+fishermen bait the hook or the seine with agreeable mutton; the news
+spreads and the sharks come from all over the Pacific Ocean to get the
+free board.  In time the shark culture will be one of the most successful
+things in the colony.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIV.
+
+We can secure other people's approval, if we do right and try hard; but
+our own is worth a hundred of it, and no way has been found out of
+securing that.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+My health had broken down in New York in May; it had remained in a
+doubtful but fairish condition during a succeeding period of 82 days; it
+broke again on the Pacific.  It broke again in Sydney, but not until
+after I had had a good outing, and had also filled my lecture
+engagements.  This latest break lost me the chance of seeing Queensland.
+In the circumstances, to go north toward hotter weather was not
+advisable.
+
+So we moved south with a westward slant, 17 hours by rail to the capital
+of the colony of Victoria, Melbourne--that juvenile city of sixty years,
+and half a million inhabitants.  On the map the distance looked small;
+but that is a trouble with all divisions of distance in such a vast
+country as Australia.  The colony of Victoria itself looks small on the
+map--looks like a county, in fact--yet it is about as large as England,
+Scotland, and Wales combined.  Or, to get another focus upon it, it is
+just 80 times as large as the state of Rhode Island, and one-third as
+large as the State of Texas.
+
+Outside of Melbourne, Victoria seems to be owned by a handful of
+squatters, each with a Rhode Island for a sheep farm.  That is the
+impression which one gathers from common talk, yet the wool industry of
+Victoria is by no means so great as that of New South Wales.  The climate
+of Victoria is favorable to other great industries--among others,
+wheat-growing and the making of wine.
+
+We took the train at Sydney at about four in the afternoon.  It was
+American in one way, for we had a most rational sleeping car; also the
+car was clean and fine and new--nothing about it to suggest the rolling
+stock of the continent of Europe.  But our baggage was weighed, and extra
+weight charged for.  That was continental.  Continental and troublesome.
+Any detail of railroading that is not troublesome cannot honorably be
+described as continental.
+
+The tickets were round-trip ones--to Melbourne, and clear to Adelaide in
+South Australia, and then all the way back to Sydney.  Twelve hundred
+more miles than we really expected to make; but then as the round trip
+wouldn't cost much more than the single trip, it seemed well enough to
+buy as many miles as one could afford, even if one was not likely to need
+them.  A human being has a natural desire to have more of a good thing
+than he needs.
+
+Now comes a singular thing: the oddest thing, the strangest thing, the
+most baffling and unaccountable marvel that Australasia can show.  At the
+frontier between New South Wales and Victoria our multitude of passengers
+were routed out of their snug beds by lantern-light in the morning in the
+biting-cold of a high altitude to change cars on a road that has no break
+in it from Sydney to Melbourne!  Think of the paralysis of intellect that
+gave that idea birth; imagine the boulder it emerged from on some
+petrified legislator's shoulders.
+
+It is a narrow-gage road to the frontier, and a broader gauge thence to
+Melbourne.  The two governments were the builders of the road and are the
+owners of it.  One or two reasons are given for this curious state of
+things.  One is, that it represents the jealousy existing between the
+colonies--the two most important colonies of Australasia.  What the other
+one is, I have forgotten.  But it is of no consequence.  It could be but
+another effort to explain the inexplicable.
+
+All passengers fret at the double-gauge; all shippers of freight must of
+course fret at it; unnecessary expense, delay, and annoyance are imposed
+upon everybody concerned, and no one is benefitted.
+
+Each Australian colony fences itself off from its neighbor with a
+custom-house.  Personally, I have no objection, but it must be a good
+deal of inconvenience to the people.  We have something resembling it
+here and there in America, but it goes by another name.  The large empire
+of the Pacific coast requires a world of iron machinery, and could
+manufacture it economically on the spot if the imposts on foreign iron
+were removed. But they are not.  Protection to Pennsylvania and Alabama
+forbids it. The result to the Pacific coast is the same as if there were
+several rows of custom-fences between the coast and the East.  Iron
+carted across the American continent at luxurious railway rates would be
+valuable enough to be coined when it arrived.
+
+We changed cars.  This was at Albury.  And it was there, I think, that
+the growing day and the early sun exposed the distant range called the
+Blue Mountains.  Accurately named.  "My word!" as the Australians say,
+but it was a stunning color, that blue.  Deep, strong, rich, exquisite;
+towering and majestic masses of blue--a softly luminous blue, a
+smouldering blue, as if vaguely lit by fires within.  It extinguished the
+blue of the sky--made it pallid and unwholesome, whitey and washed-out.
+A wonderful color--just divine.
+
+A resident told me that those were not mountains; he said they were
+rabbit-piles.  And explained that long exposure and the over-ripe
+condition of the rabbits was what made them look so blue.  This man may
+have been right, but much reading of books of travel has made me
+distrustful of gratis information furnished by unofficial residents of a
+country.  The facts which such people give to travelers are usually
+erroneous, and often intemperately so.  The rabbit-plague has indeed been
+very bad in Australia, and it could account for one mountain, but not for
+a mountain range, it seems to me.  It is too large an order.
+
+We breakfasted at the station.  A good breakfast, except the coffee; and
+cheap.  The Government establishes the prices and placards them.  The
+waiters were men, I think; but that is not usual in Australasia.  The
+usual thing is to have girls.  No, not girls, young ladies--generally
+duchesses.  Dress?  They would attract attention at any royal levee in
+Europe.  Even empresses and queens do not dress as they do.  Not that
+they could not afford it, perhaps, but they would not know how.
+
+All the pleasant morning we slid smoothly along over the plains, through
+thin--not thick--forests of great melancholy gum trees, with trunks
+rugged with curled sheets of flaking bark--erysipelas convalescents, so
+to speak, shedding their dead skins.  And all along were tiny cabins,
+built sometimes of wood, sometimes of gray-blue corrugated iron; and
+the doorsteps and fences were clogged with children--rugged little
+simply-clad chaps that looked as if they had been imported from the
+banks of the Mississippi without breaking bulk.
+
+And there were little villages, with neat stations well placarded with
+showy advertisements--mainly of almost too self-righteous brands of
+"sheepdip."  If that is the name--and I think it is.  It is a stuff like
+tar, and is dabbed on to places where the shearer clips a piece out of
+the sheep.  It bars out the flies, and has healing properties, and a nip
+to it which makes the sheep skip like the cattle on a thousand hills.  It
+is not good to eat.  That is, it is not good to eat except when mixed
+with railroad coffee.  It improves railroad coffee.  Without it railroad
+coffee is too vague.  But with it, it is quite assertive and
+enthusiastic.  By itself, railroad coffee is too passive; but sheep-dip
+makes it wake up and get down to business.  I wonder where they get
+railroad coffee?
+
+We saw birds, but not a kangaroo, not an emu, not an ornithorhynchus, not
+a lecturer, not a native.  Indeed, the land seemed quite destitute of
+game.  But I have misused the word native.  In Australia it is applied to
+Australian-born whites only.  I should have said that we saw no
+Aboriginals--no "blackfellows."  And to this day I have never seen one.
+In the great museums you will find all the other curiosities, but in the
+curio of chiefest interest to the stranger all of them are lacking.  We
+have at home an abundance of museums, and not an American Indian in them.
+It is clearly an absurdity, but it never struck me before.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XV.
+
+Truth is stranger than fiction--to some people, but I am measurably
+familiar with it.
+                             --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Truth is stranger than fiction, but it is because Fiction is obliged to
+stick to possibilities; Truth isn't.
+                             --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The air was balmy and delicious, the sunshine radiant; it was a charming
+excursion.  In the course of it we came to a town whose odd name was
+famous all over the world a quarter of a century ago--Wagga-Wagga.  This
+was because the Tichborne Claimant had kept a butcher-shop there.  It was
+out of the midst of his humble collection of sausages and tripe that he
+soared up into the zenith of notoriety and hung there in the wastes of
+space a time, with the telescopes of all nations leveled at him in
+unappeasable curiosity--curiosity as to which of the two long-missing
+persons he was:  Arthur Orton, the mislaid roustabout of Wapping, or Sir
+Roger Tichborne, the lost heir of a name and estates as old as English
+history.  We all know now, but not a dozen people knew then; and the
+dozen kept the mystery to themselves and allowed the most intricate and
+fascinating and marvelous real-life romance that has ever been played
+upon the world's stage to unfold itself serenely, act by act, in a
+British court by the long and laborious processes of judicial
+development.
+
+When we recall the details of that great romance we marvel to see what
+daring chances truth may freely take in constructing a tale, as compared
+with the poor little conservative risks permitted to fiction.  The
+fiction-artist could achieve no success with the materials of this
+splendid Tichborne romance.
+
+He would have to drop out the chief characters; the public would say such
+people are impossible.  He would have to drop out a number of the most
+picturesque incidents; the public would say such things could never
+happen.  And yet the chief characters did exist, and the incidents did
+happen.
+
+It cost the Tichborne estates $400,000 to unmask the Claimant and drive
+him out; and even after the exposure multitudes of Englishmen still
+believed in him.  It cost the British Government another $400,000 to
+convict him of perjury; and after the conviction the same old multitudes
+still believed in him; and among these believers were many educated and
+intelligent men; and some of them had personally known the real Sir
+Roger.  The Claimant was sentenced to 14 years' imprisonment.  When he
+got out of prison he went to New York and kept a whisky saloon in the
+Bowery for a time, then disappeared from view.
+
+He always claimed to be Sir Roger Tichborne until death called for him.
+This was but a few months ago--not very much short of a generation since
+he left Wagga-Wagga to go and possess himself of his estates.  On his
+death-bed he yielded up his secret, and confessed in writing that he was
+only Arthur Orton of Wapping, able seaman and butcher--that and nothing
+more.  But it is scarcely to be doubted that there are people whom even
+his dying confession will not convince.  The old habit of assimilating
+incredibilities must have made strong food a necessity in their case; a
+weaker article would probably disagree with them.
+
+I was in London when the Claimant stood his trial for perjury.  I
+attended one of his showy evenings in the sumptuous quarters provided for
+him from the purses of his adherents and well-wishers.  He was in evening
+dress, and I thought him a rather fine and stately creature.  There were
+about twenty-five gentlemen present; educated men, men moving in good
+society, none of them commonplace; some of them were men of distinction,
+none of them were obscurities.  They were his cordial friends and
+admirers.  It was "Sir Roger," always "Sir Roger," on all hands; no one
+withheld the title, all turned it from the tongue with unction, and as if
+it tasted good.
+
+For many years I had had a mystery in stock.  Melbourne, and only
+Melbourne, could unriddle it for me.  In 1873 I arrived in London with my
+wife and young child, and presently received a note from Naples signed by
+a name not familiar to me.  It was not Bascom, and it was not Henry; but
+I will call it Henry Bascom for convenience's sake.  This note, of about
+six lines, was written on a strip of white paper whose end-edges were
+ragged.  I came to be familiar with those strips in later years.  Their
+size and pattern were always the same.  Their contents were usually to
+the same effect: would I and mine come to the writer's country-place in
+England on such and such a date, by such and such a train, and stay
+twelve days and depart by such and such a train at the end of the
+specified time?  A carriage would meet us at the station.
+
+These invitations were always for a long time ahead; if we were in
+Europe, three months ahead; if we were in America, six to twelve months
+ahead.  They always named the exact date and train for the beginning and
+also for the end of the visit.
+
+This first note invited us for a date three months in the future.  It
+asked us to arrive by the 4.10 p.m. train from London, August 6th.  The
+carriage would be waiting.  The carriage would take us away seven days
+later-train specified.  And there were these words: "Speak to Tom
+Hughes."
+
+I showed the note to the author of "Tom Brown at Rugby," and be said:
+"Accept, and be thankful."
+
+He described Mr. Bascom as being a man of genius, a man of fine
+attainments, a choice man in every way, a rare and beautiful character.
+He said that Bascom Hall was a particularly fine example of the stately
+manorial mansion of Elizabeth's days, and that it was a house worth going
+a long way to see--like Knowle; that Mr. B. was of a social disposition;
+liked the company of agreeable people, and always had samples of the sort
+coming and going.
+
+We paid the visit.  We paid others, in later years--the last one in 1879.
+Soon after that Mr. Bascom started on a voyage around the world in a
+steam yacht--a long and leisurely trip, for he was making collections, in
+all lands, of birds, butterflies, and such things.
+
+The day that President Garfield was shot by the assassin Guiteau, we were
+at a little watering place on Long Island Sound; and in the mail matter
+of that day came a letter with the Melbourne post-mark on it.  It was for
+my wife, but I recognized Mr. Bascom's handwriting on the envelope, and
+opened it.  It was the usual note--as to paucity of lines--and was
+written on the customary strip of paper; but there was nothing usual
+about the contents.  The note informed my wife that if it would be any
+assuagement of her grief to know that her husband's lecture-tour in
+Australia was a satisfactory venture from the beginning to the end, he,
+the writer, could testify that such was the case; also, that her
+husband's untimely death had been mourned by all classes, as she would
+already know by the press telegrams, long before the reception of this
+note; that the funeral was attended by the officials of the colonial and
+city governments; and that while he, the writer, her friend and mine, had
+not reached Melbourne in time to see the body, he had at least had the
+sad privilege of acting as one of the pall-bearers.  Signed, "Henry
+Bascom."
+
+My first thought was, why didn't he have the coffin opened?  He would
+have seen that the corpse was an imposter, and he could have gone right
+ahead and dried up the most of those tears, and comforted those sorrowing
+governments, and sold the remains and sent me the money.
+
+I did nothing about the matter.  I had set the law after living lecture
+doubles of mine a couple of times in America, and the law had not been
+able to catch them; others in my trade had tried to catch their
+impostor-doubles and had failed.  Then where was the use in harrying a
+ghost? None--and so I did not disturb it.  I had a curiosity to know
+about that man's lecture-tour and last moments, but that could wait.
+When I should see Mr. Bascom he would tell me all about it.  But he
+passed from life, and I never saw him again..  My curiosity faded away.
+
+However, when I found that I was going to Australia it revived.  And
+naturally: for if the people should say that I was a dull, poor thing
+compared to what I was before I died, it would have a bad effect on
+business.  Well, to my surprise the Sydney journalists had never heard of
+that impostor!  I pressed them, but they were firm--they had never heard
+of him, and didn't believe in him.
+
+I could not understand it; still, I thought it would all come right in
+Melbourne.  The government would remember; and the other mourners.  At
+the supper of the Institute of Journalists I should find out all about
+the matter.  But no--it turned out that they had never heard of it.
+
+So my mystery was a mystery still.  It was a great disappointment.  I
+believed it would never be cleared up--in this life--so I dropped it out
+of my mind.
+
+But at last! just when I was least expecting it----
+
+However, this is not the place for the rest of it; I shall come to the
+matter again, in a far-distant chapter.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVI.
+
+There is a Moral sense, and there is an Immoral Sense.  History shows us
+that the Moral Sense enables us to perceive morality and how to avoid it,
+and that the Immoral Sense enables us to perceive immorality and how to
+enjoy it.
+                              -Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Melbourne spreads around over an immense area of ground.  It is a stately
+city architecturally as well as in magnitude.  It has an elaborate system
+of cable-car service; it has museums, and colleges, and schools, and
+public gardens, and electricity, and gas, and libraries, and theaters,
+and mining centers, and wool centers, and centers of the arts and
+sciences, and boards of trade, and ships, and railroads, and a harbor,
+and social clubs, and journalistic clubs, and racing clubs, and a
+squatter club sumptuously housed and appointed, and as many churches and
+banks as can make a living.  In a word, it is equipped with everything
+that goes to make the modern great city.  It is the largest city of
+Australasia, and fills the post with honor and credit.  It has one
+specialty; this must not be jumbled in with those other things.  It is
+the mitred Metropolitan of the Horse-Racing Cult.  Its race-ground is the
+Mecca of Australasia.  On the great annual day of sacrifice--the 5th of
+November, Guy Fawkes's Day--business is suspended over a stretch of land
+and sea as wide as from New York to San Francisco, and deeper than from
+the northern lakes to the Gulf of Mexico; and every man and woman, of
+high degree or low, who can afford the expense, put away their other
+duties and come.  They begin to swarm in by ship and rail a fortnight
+before the day, and they swarm thicker and thicker day after day, until
+all the vehicles of transportation are taxed to their uttermost to meet
+the demands of the occasion, and all hotels and lodgings are bulging
+outward because of the pressure from within.  They come a hundred
+thousand strong, as all the best authorities say, and they pack the
+spacious grounds and grandstands and make a spectacle such as is never to
+be seen in Australasia elsewhere.
+
+It is the "Melbourne Cup" that brings this multitude together.  Their
+clothes have been ordered long ago, at unlimited cost, and without bounds
+as to beauty and magnificence, and have been kept in concealment until
+now, for unto this day are they consecrate.  I am speaking of the ladies'
+clothes; but one might know that.
+
+And so the grand-stands make a brilliant and wonderful spectacle, a
+delirium of color, a vision of beauty.  The champagne flows, everybody is
+vivacious, excited, happy; everybody bets, and gloves and fortunes change
+hands right along, all the time.  Day after day the races go on, and the
+fun and the excitement are kept at white heat; and when each day is done,
+the people dance all night so as to be fresh for the race in the morning.
+And at the end of the great week the swarms secure lodgings and
+transportation for next year, then flock away to their remote homes and
+count their gains and losses, and order next year's Cup-clothes, and then
+lie down and sleep two weeks, and get up sorry to reflect that a whole
+year must be put in somehow or other before they can be wholly happy
+again.
+
+The Melbourne Cup is the Australasian National Day.  It would be
+difficult to overstate its importance.  It overshadows all other holidays
+and specialized days of whatever sort in that congeries of colonies.
+Overshadows them?  I might almost say it blots them out.  Each of them
+gets attention, but not everybody's; each of them evokes interest, but
+not everybody's; each of them rouses enthusiasm, but not everybody's; in
+each case a part of the attention, interest, and enthusiasm is a matter
+of habit and custom, and another part of it is official and perfunctory.
+Cup Day, and Cup Day only, commands an attention, an interest, and an
+enthusiasm which are universal--and spontaneous, not perfunctory.  Cup
+Day is supreme it has no rival.  I can call to mind no specialized annual
+day, in any country, which can be named by that large name--Supreme.  I
+can call to mind no specialized annual day, in any country, whose
+approach fires the whole land with a conflagration of conversation and
+preparation and anticipation and jubilation.  No day save this one; but
+this one does it.
+
+In America we have no annual supreme day; no day whose approach makes the
+whole nation glad.  We have the Fourth of July, and Christmas, and
+Thanksgiving.  Neither of them can claim the primacy; neither of them can
+arouse an enthusiasm which comes near to being universal.  Eight grown
+Americans out of ten dread the coming of the Fourth, with its pandemonium
+and its perils, and they rejoice when it is gone--if still alive.  The
+approach of Christmas brings harassment and dread to many excellent
+people.  They have to buy a cart-load of presents, and they never know
+what to buy to hit the various tastes; they put in three weeks of hard
+and anxious work, and when Christmas morning comes they are so
+dissatisfied with the result, and so disappointed that they want to sit
+down and cry.  Then they give thanks that Christmas comes but once a
+year.  The observance of Thanksgiving Day--as a function--has become
+general of late years.  The Thankfulness is not so general.  This is
+natural.  Two-thirds of the nation have always had hard luck and a hard
+time during the year, and this has a calming effect upon their
+enthusiasm.
+
+We have a supreme day--a sweeping and tremendous and tumultuous day, a
+day which commands an absolute universality of interest and excitement;
+but it is not annual.  It comes but once in four years; therefore it
+cannot count as a rival of the Melbourne Cup.
+
+In Great Britain and Ireland they have two great days--Christmas and the
+Queen's birthday.  But they are equally popular; there is no supremacy.
+
+I think it must be conceded that the position of the Australasian Day is
+unique, solitary, unfellowed; and likely to hold that high place a long
+time.
+
+The next things which interest us when we travel are, first, the people;
+next, the novelties; and finally the history of the places and countries
+visited.  Novelties are rare in cities which represent the most advanced
+civilization of the modern day.  When one is familiar with such cities in
+the other parts of the world he is in effect familiar with the cities of
+Australasia.  The outside aspects will furnish little that is new.  There
+will be new names, but the things which they represent will sometimes be
+found to be less new than their names.  There may be shades of
+difference, but these can easily be too fine for detection by the
+incompetent eye of the passing stranger.  In the larrikin he will not be
+able to discover a new species, but only an old one met elsewhere, and
+variously called loafer, rough, tough, bummer, or blatherskite, according
+to his geographical distribution.  The larrikin differs by a shade from
+those others, in that he is more sociable toward the stranger than they,
+more kindly disposed, more hospitable, more hearty, more friendly.  At
+least it seemed so to me, and I had opportunity to observe.  In Sydney,
+at least.  In Melbourne I had to drive to and from the lecture-theater,
+but in Sydney I was able to walk both ways, and did it.  Every night, on
+my way home at ten, or a quarter past, I found the larrikin grouped in
+considerable force at several of the street corners, and he always gave
+me this pleasant salutation:
+
+"Hello, Mark!"
+
+"Here's to you, old chap!
+
+"Say--Mark!--is he dead?"--a reference to a passage in some book of mine,
+though I did not detect, at that time, that that was its source.  And I
+didn't detect it afterward in Melbourne, when I came on the stage for the
+first time, and the same question was dropped down upon me from the dizzy
+height of the gallery.  It is always difficult to answer a sudden inquiry
+like that, when you have come unprepared and don't know what it means.
+I will remark here--if it is not an indecorum--that the welcome which an
+American lecturer gets from a British colonial audience is a thing which
+will move him to his deepest deeps, and veil his sight and break his
+voice.  And from Winnipeg to Africa, experience will teach him nothing;
+he will never learn to expect it, it will catch him as a surprise each
+time.  The war-cloud hanging black over England and America made no
+trouble for me.  I was a prospective prisoner of war, but at dinners,
+suppers, on the platform, and elsewhere, there was never anything to
+remind me of it.  This was hospitality of the right metal, and would have
+been prominently lacking in some countries, in the circumstances.
+
+And speaking of the war-flurry, it seemed to me to bring to light the
+unexpected, in a detail or two.  It seemed to relegate the war-talk to
+the politicians on both sides of the water; whereas whenever a
+prospective war between two nations had been in the air theretofore, the
+public had done most of the talking and the bitterest.  The attitude of
+the newspapers was new also.  I speak of those of Australasia and India,
+for I had access to those only.  They treated the subject argumentatively
+and with dignity, not with spite and anger.  That was a new spirit, too,
+and not learned of the French and German press, either before Sedan or
+since.  I heard many public speeches, and they reflected the moderation
+of the journals.  The outlook is that the English-speaking race will
+dominate the earth a hundred years from now, if its sections do not get
+to fighting each other.  It would be a pity to spoil that prospect by
+baffling and retarding wars when arbitration would settle their
+differences so much better and also so much more definitely.
+
+No, as I have suggested, novelties are rare in the great capitals of
+modern times.  Even the wool exchange in Melbourne could not be told from
+the familiar stock exchange of other countries.  Wool brokers are just
+like stockbrokers; they all bounce from their seats and put up their
+hands and yell in unison--no stranger can tell what--and the president
+calmly says "Sold to Smith & Co., threpence farthing--next!"--when
+probably nothing of the kind happened; for how should he know?
+
+In the museums you will find acres of the most strange and fascinating
+things; but all museums are fascinating, and they do so tire your eyes,
+and break your back, and burn out your vitalities with their consuming
+interest.  You always say you will never go again, but you do go.  The
+palaces of the rich, in Melbourne, are much like the palaces of the rich
+in America, and the life in them is the same; but there the resemblance
+ends.  The grounds surrounding the American palace are not often large,
+and not often beautiful, but in the Melbourne case the grounds are often
+ducally spacious, and the climate and the gardeners together make them as
+beautiful as a dream.  It is said that some of the country seats have
+grounds--domains--about them which rival in charm and magnitude those
+which surround the country mansion of an English lord; but I was not out
+in the country; I had my hands full in town.
+
+And what was the origin of this majestic city and its efflorescence of
+palatial town houses and country seats?  Its first brick was laid and
+its first house built by a passing convict.  Australian history is almost
+always picturesque; indeed, it is so curious and strange, that it is
+itself the chiefest novelty the country has to offer, and so it pushes
+the other novelties into second and third place.  It does not read like
+history, but like the most beautiful lies.  And all of a fresh new sort,
+no mouldy old stale ones.  It is full of surprises, and adventures, and
+incongruities, and contradictions, and incredibilities; but they are all
+true, they all happened.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVII.
+
+The English are mentioned in the Bible: Blessed are the meek, for they
+shall inherit the earth.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+When we consider the immensity of the British Empire in territory,
+population, and trade, it requires a stern exercise of faith to believe
+in the figures which represent Australasia's contribution to the Empire's
+commercial grandeur.  As compared with the landed estate of the British
+Empire, the landed estate dominated by any other Power except one
+--Russia--is not very impressive for size.  My authorities make the British
+Empire not much short of a fourth larger than the Russian Empire.
+Roughly proportioned, if you will allow your entire hand to represent the
+British Empire, you may then cut off the fingers a trifle above the
+middle joint of the middle finger, and what is left of the hand will
+represent Russia.  The populations ruled by Great Britain and China are
+about the same--400,000,000 each.  No other Power approaches these
+figures.  Even Russia is left far behind.
+
+The population of Australasia--4,000,000--sinks into nothingness, and is
+lost from sight in that British ocean of 400,000,000.  Yet the statistics
+indicate that it rises again and shows up very conspicuously when its
+share of the Empire's commerce is the matter under consideration.  The
+value of England's annual exports and imports is stated at three billions
+of dollars,--[New South Wales Blue Book.]--and it is claimed that more
+than one-tenth of this great aggregate is represented by Australasia's
+exports to England and imports from England.  In addition to this,
+Australasia does a trade with countries other than England, amounting to
+a hundred million dollars a year, and a domestic intercolonial trade
+amounting to a hundred and fifty millions.
+
+In round numbers the 4,000,000 buy and sell about $600,000,000 worth of
+goods a year.  It is claimed that about half of this represents
+commodities of Australasian production.  The products exported annually
+by India are worth a trifle over $500,000,000.  Now, here are some
+faith-straining figures:
+
+Indian production (300,000,000 population), $500,000,000.
+
+Australasian production (4,000,000 population), $300,000,000.
+
+That is to say, the product of the individual Indian, annually (for
+export some whither), is worth $1.15; that of the individual
+Australasian (for export some whither), $75! Or, to put it in another
+way, the Indian family of man and wife and three children sends away an
+annual result worth $8.75, while the Australasian family sends away $375
+worth.
+
+There are trustworthy statistics furnished by Sir Richard Temple and
+others, which show that the individual Indian's whole annual product,
+both for export and home use, is worth in gold only $7.50; or, $37.50
+for the family-aggregate.  Ciphered out on a like ratio of
+multiplication, the Australasian family's aggregate production would be
+nearly $1,600.  Truly, nothing is so astonishing as figures, if they once
+get started.
+
+We left Melbourne by rail for Adelaide, the capital of the vast Province
+of South Australia--a seventeen-hour excursion.  On the train we found
+several Sydney friends; among them a Judge who was going out on circuit,
+and was going to hold court at Broken Hill, where the celebrated silver
+mine is.  It seemed a curious road to take to get to that region.  Broken
+Hill is close to the western border of New South Wales, and Sydney is on
+the eastern border.  A fairly straight line, 700 miles long, drawn
+westward from Sydney, would strike Broken Hill, just as a somewhat
+shorter one drawn west from Boston would strike Buffalo.  The way the
+Judge was traveling would carry him over 2,000 miles by rail, he said;
+southwest from Sydney down to Melbourne, then northward up to Adelaide,
+then a cant back northeastward and over the border into New South Wales
+once more--to Broken Hill.  It was like going from Boston southwest to
+Richmond, Virginia, then northwest up to Erie, Pennsylvania, then a cant
+back northeast and over the border--to Buffalo, New York.
+
+But the explanation was simple.  Years ago the fabulously rich silver
+discovery at Broken Hill burst suddenly upon an unexpectant world.  Its
+stocks started at shillings, and went by leaps and bounds to the most
+fanciful figures.  It was one of those cases where the cook puts a
+month's wages into shares, and comes next mouth and buys your house at
+your own price, and moves into it herself; where the coachman takes a few
+shares, and next month sets up a bank; and where the common sailor
+invests the price of a spree, and next month buys out the steamship
+company and goes into business on his own hook.  In a word, it was one of
+those excitements which bring multitudes of people to a common center
+with a rush, and whose needs must be supplied, and at once.  Adelaide was
+close by, Sydney was far away.  Adelaide threw a short railway across the
+border before Sydney had time to arrange for a long one; it was not worth
+while for Sydney to arrange at all.  The whole vast trade-profit of
+Broken Hill fell into Adelaide's hands, irrevocably.  New South Wales
+furnishes for Broken Hill and sends her Judges 2,000 miles--mainly
+through alien countries--to administer it, but Adelaide takes the
+dividends and makes no moan.
+
+We started at 4.20 in the afternoon, and moved across level until night.
+In the morning we had a stretch of "scrub" country--the kind of thing
+which is so useful to the Australian novelist.  In the scrub the hostile
+aboriginal lurks, and flits mysteriously about, slipping out from time to
+time to surprise and slaughter the settler; then slipping back again, and
+leaving no track that the white man can follow.  In the scrub the
+novelist's heroine gets lost, search fails of result; she wanders here
+and there, and finally sinks down exhausted and unconscious, and the
+searchers pass within a yard or two of her, not suspecting that she is
+near, and by and by some rambler finds her bones and the pathetic diary
+which she had scribbled with her failing hand and left behind.  Nobody
+can find a lost heroine in the scrub but the aboriginal "tracker," and he
+will not lend himself to the scheme if it will interfere with the
+novelist's plot.  The scrub stretches miles and miles in all directions,
+and looks like a level roof of bush-tops without a break or a crack in it
+--as seamless as a blanket, to all appearance.  One might as well walk
+under water and hope to guess out a route and stick to it, I should
+think.  Yet it is claimed that the aboriginal "tracker" was able to hunt
+out people lost in the scrub.  Also in the "bush"; also in the desert;
+and even follow them over patches of bare rocks and over alluvial ground
+which had to all appearance been washed clear of footprints.
+
+From reading Australian books and talking with the people, I became
+convinced that the aboriginal tracker's performances evince a craft, a
+penetration, a luminous sagacity, and a minuteness and accuracy of
+observation in the matter of detective-work not found in nearly so
+remarkable a degree in any other people, white or colored.  In an
+official account of the blacks of Australia published by the government
+of Victoria, one reads that the aboriginal not only notices the faint
+marks left on the bark of a tree by the claws of a climbing opossum, but
+knows in some way or other whether the marks were made to-day or
+yesterday.
+
+And there is the case, on records where A., a settler, makes a bet with
+B., that B. may lose a cow as effectually as he can, and A. will produce
+an aboriginal who will find her.  B. selects a cow and lets the tracker
+see the cow's footprint, then be put under guard.  B. then drives the cow
+a few miles over a course which drifts in all directions, and frequently
+doubles back upon itself; and he selects difficult ground all the time,
+and once or twice even drives the cow through herds of other cows, and
+mingles her tracks in the wide confusion of theirs.  He finally brings
+his cow home; the aboriginal is set at liberty, and at once moves around
+in a great circle, examining all cow-tracks until he finds the one he is
+after; then sets off and follows it throughout its erratic course, and
+ultimately tracks it to the stable where B. has hidden the cow.  Now
+wherein does one cow-track differ from another?  There must be a
+difference, or the tracker could not have performed the feat; a
+difference minute, shadowy, and not detectible by you or me, or by the
+late Sherlock Holmes, and yet discernible by a member of a race charged
+by some people with occupying the bottom place in the gradations of human
+intelligence.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XVIII.
+
+It is easier to stay out than get out.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The train was now exploring a beautiful hill country, and went twisting
+in and out through lovely little green valleys.  There were several
+varieties of gum trees; among them many giants.  Some of them were bodied
+and barked like the sycamore; some were of fantastic aspect, and reminded
+one of the quaint apple trees in Japanese pictures.  And there was one
+peculiarly beautiful tree whose name and breed I did not know.  The
+foliage seemed to consist of big bunches of pine-spines, the lower half
+of each bunch a rich brown or old-gold color, the upper half a most vivid
+and strenuous and shouting green.  The effect was altogether bewitching.
+The tree was apparently rare.  I should say that the first and last
+samples of it seen by us were not more than half an hour apart.  There
+was another tree of striking aspect, a kind of pine, we were told.  Its
+foliage was as fine as hair, apparently, and its mass sphered itself
+above the naked straight stem like an explosion of misty smoke.  It was
+not a sociable sort; it did not gather in groups or couples, but each
+individual stood far away from its nearest neighbor.  It scattered itself
+in this spacious and exclusive fashion about the slopes of swelling
+grassy great knolls, and stood in the full flood of the wonderful
+sunshine; and as far as you could see the tree itself you could also see
+the ink-black blot of its shadow on the shining green carpet at its feet.
+
+On some part of this railway journey we saw gorse and broom--importations
+from England--and a gentleman who came into our compartment on a visit
+tried to tell me which--was which; but as he didn't know, he had
+difficulty.  He said he was ashamed of his ignorance, but that he had
+never been confronted with the question before during the fifty years and
+more that he had spent in Australia, and so he had never happened to get
+interested in the matter.  But there was no need to be ashamed.  The most
+of us have his defect.  We take a natural interest in novelties, but it
+is against nature to take an interest in familiar things.  The gorse and
+the broom were a fine accent in the landscape.  Here and there they burst
+out in sudden conflagrations of vivid yellow against a background of
+sober or sombre color, with a so startling effect as to make a body catch
+his breath with the happy surprise of it.  And then there was the wattle,
+a native bush or tree, an inspiring cloud of sumptuous yellow bloom.  It
+is a favorite with the Australians, and has a fine fragrance, a quality
+usually wanting in Australian blossoms.
+
+The gentleman who enriched me with the poverty of his formation about the
+gorse and the broom told me that he came out from England a youth of
+twenty and entered the Province of South Australia with thirty-six
+shillings in his pocket--an adventurer without trade, profession, or
+friends, but with a clearly-defined purpose in his head: he would stay
+until he was worth L200, then go back home.  He would allow himself five
+years for the accumulation of this fortune.
+
+"That was more than fifty years ago," said he.  "And here I am, yet."
+
+As he went out at the door he met a friend, and turned and introduced him
+to me, and the friend and I had a talk and a smoke.  I spoke of the
+previous conversation and said there something very pathetic about this
+half century of exile, and that I wished the L200 scheme had succeeded.
+
+"With him?  Oh, it did.  It's not so sad a case.  He is modest, and he
+left out some of the particulars.  The lad reached South Australia just
+in time to help discover the Burra-Burra copper mines.  They turned out
+L700,000 in the first three years.  Up to now they have yielded
+L120,000,000.  He has had his share.  Before that boy had been in the
+country two years he could have gone home and bought a village; he could
+go now and buy a city, I think.  No, there is nothing very pathetic about
+his case.  He and his copper arrived at just a handy time to save South
+Australia.  It had got mashed pretty flat under the collapse of a land
+boom a while before."  There it is again; picturesque history
+--Australia's specialty.  In 1829 South Australia hadn't a white man in it.
+In 1836 the British Parliament erected it--still a solitude--into a
+Province, and gave it a governor and other governmental machinery.
+Speculators took hold, now, and inaugurated a vast land scheme, and
+invited immigration, encouraging it with lurid promises of sudden wealth.
+It was well worked in London; and bishops, statesmen, and all ports of
+people made a rush for the land company's shares.  Immigrants soon began
+to pour into the region of Adelaide and select town lots and farms in the
+sand and the mangrove swamps by the sea.  The crowds continued to come,
+prices of land rose high, then higher and still higher, everybody was
+prosperous and happy, the boom swelled into gigantic proportions.  A
+village of sheet iron huts and clapboard sheds sprang up in the sand, and
+in these wigwams fashion made display; richly-dressed ladies played on
+costly pianos, London swells in evening dress and patent-leather boots
+were abundant, and this fine society drank champagne, and in other ways
+conducted itself in this capital of humble sheds as it had been
+accustomed to do in the aristocratic quarters of the metropolis of the
+world.  The provincial government put up expensive buildings for its own
+use, and a palace with gardens for the use of its governor.  The governor
+had a guard, and maintained a court.  Roads, wharves, and hospitals were
+built.  All this on credit, on paper, on wind, on inflated and fictitious
+values--on the boom's moonshine, in fact.  This went on handsomely during
+four or five years.  Then of a sudden came a smash.  Bills for a huge
+amount drawn the governor upon the Treasury were dishonored, the land
+company's credit went up in smoke, a panic followed, values fell with a
+rush, the frightened immigrants seized their grips and fled to other
+lands, leaving behind them a good imitation of a solitude, where lately
+had been a buzzing and populous hive of men.
+
+Adelaide was indeed almost empty; its population had fallen to 3,000.
+During two years or more the death-trance continued.  Prospect of revival
+there was none; hope of it ceased.  Then, as suddenly as the paralysis
+had come, came the resurrection from it.  Those astonishingly rich copper
+mines were discovered, and the corpse got up and danced.
+
+The wool production began to grow; grain-raising followed--followed so
+vigorously, too, that four or five years after the copper discovery, this
+little colony, which had had to import its breadstuffs formerly, and pay
+hard prices for them--once $50 a barrel for flour--had become an exporter
+of grain.
+
+The prosperities continued.  After many years Providence, desiring to
+show especial regard for New South Wales and exhibit loving interest in
+its welfare which should certify to all nations the recognition of that
+colony's conspicuous righteousness and distinguished well-deserving,
+conferred upon it that treasury of inconceivable riches, Broken Hill; and
+South Australia went over the border and took it, giving thanks.
+
+Among our passengers was an American with a unique vocation.  Unique is a
+strong word, but I use it justifiably if I did not misconceive what the
+American told me; for I understood him to say that in the world there was
+not another man engaged in the business which he was following.  He was
+buying the kangaroo-skin crop; buying all of it, both the Australian crop
+and the Tasmanian; and buying it for an American house in New York.  The
+prices were not high, as there was no competition, but the year's
+aggregate of skins would cost him L30,000.  I had had the idea that the
+kangaroo was about extinct in Tasmania and well thinned out on the
+continent.  In America the skins are tanned and made into shoes.  After
+the tanning, the leather takes a new name--which I have forgotten--I only
+remember that the new name does not indicate that the kangaroo furnishes
+the leather.  There was a German competition for a while, some years ago,
+but that has ceased.  The Germans failed to arrive at the secret of
+tanning the skins successfully, and they withdrew from the business.  Now
+then, I suppose that I have seen a man whose occupation is really
+entitled to bear that high epithet--unique.  And I suppose that there is
+not another occupation in the world that is restricted to the hands of a
+sole person.  I can think of no instance of it.  There is more than one
+Pope, there is more than one Emperor, there is even more than one living
+god, walking upon the earth and worshiped in all sincerity by large
+populations of men.  I have seen and talked with two of these Beings
+myself in India, and I have the autograph of one of them.  It can come
+good, by and by, I reckon, if I attach it to a "permit."
+
+Approaching Adelaide we dismounted from the train, as the French say, and
+were driven in an open carriage over the hills and along their slopes to
+the city.  It was an excursion of an hour or two, and the charm of it
+could not be overstated, I think.  The road wound around gaps and gorges,
+and offered all varieties of scenery and prospect--mountains, crags,
+country homes, gardens, forests--color, color, color everywhere, and the
+air fine and fresh, the skies blue, and not a shred of cloud to mar the
+downpour of the brilliant sunshine.  And finally the mountain gateway
+opened, and the immense plain lay spread out below and stretching away
+into dim distances on every hand, soft and delicate and dainty and
+beautiful.  On its near edge reposed the city.
+
+We descended and entered.  There was nothing to remind one of the humble
+capital, of buts and sheds of the long-vanished day of the land-boom.
+No, this was a modern city, with wide streets, compactly built; with fine
+homes everywhere, embowered in foliage and flowers, and with imposing
+masses of public buildings nobly grouped and architecturally beautiful.
+
+There was prosperity, in the air; for another boom was on.  Providence,
+desiring to show especial regard for the neighboring colony on the west
+called Western Australia--and exhibit a loving interest in its welfare
+which should certify to all nations the recognition of that colony's
+conspicuous righteousness and distinguished well-deserving, had recently
+conferred upon it that majestic treasury of golden riches, Coolgardie;
+and now South Australia had gone around the corner and taken it, giving
+thanks.  Everything comes to him who is patient and good, and waits.
+
+But South Australia deserves much, for apparently she is a hospitable
+home for every alien who chooses to come; and for his religion, too.
+She has a population, as per the latest census, of only 320,000-odd, and
+yet her varieties of religion indicate the presence within her borders of
+samples of people from pretty nearly every part of the globe you can
+think of.  Tabulated, these varieties of religion make a remarkable show.
+One would have to go far to find its match.  I copy here this
+cosmopolitan curiosity, and it comes from the published census:
+
+Church of England,........... 89,271
+Roman Catholic,.............. 47,179
+Wesleyan,.................... 49,159
+Lutheran,.................... 23,328
+Presbyterian,................ 18,206
+Congregationalist,........... 11,882
+Bible Christian,............. 15,762
+Primitive Methodist,......... 11,654
+Baptist,..................... 17,547
+Christian Brethren,..........    465
+Methodist New Connexion,.....     39
+Unitarian,...................    688
+Church of Christ,............  3,367
+Society of Friends,..........    100
+Salvation Army,..............  4,356
+New Jerusalem Church,........    168
+Jews,........................    840
+Protestants (undefined),.....  6,532
+Mohammedans,.................    299
+Confucians, etc.,............  3,884
+Other religions,.............  1,719
+Object,......................  6,940
+Not stated,..................  8,046
+
+Total,.......................320,431
+
+
+The item in the above list "Other religions" includes the following as
+returned:
+
+Agnostics,
+Atheists,
+Believers in Christ,
+Buddhists,
+Calvinists,
+Christadelphians,
+Christians,
+Christ's Chapel,
+Christian Israelites,
+Christian Socialists,
+Church of God,
+Cosmopolitans,
+Deists,
+Evangelists,
+Exclusive Brethren,
+Free Church,
+Free Methodists,
+Freethinkers,
+Followers of Christ,
+Gospel Meetings,
+Greek Church,
+Infidels,
+Maronites,
+Memnonists,
+Moravians,
+Mormons,
+Naturalists,
+Orthodox,
+Others (indefinite),
+Pagans,
+Pantheists,
+Plymouth Brethren,
+Rationalists,
+Reformers,
+Secularists,
+Seventh-day Adventists,
+Shaker,
+Shintoists,
+Spiritualists,
+Theosophists,
+Town (City) Mission,
+Welsh Church,
+Huguenot,
+Hussite,
+Zoroastrians,
+Zwinglian,
+
+
+About 64 roads to the other world.  You see how healthy the religious
+atmosphere is.  Anything can live in it.  Agnostics, Atheists,
+Freethinkers, Infidels, Mormons, Pagans, Indefinites they are all there.
+And all the big sects of the world can do more than merely live in it:
+they can spread, flourish, prosper.  All except the Spiritualists and the
+Theosophists.  That is the most curious feature of this curious table.
+What is the matter with the specter?  Why do they puff him away?  He is a
+welcome toy everywhere else in the world.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XIX.
+
+Pity is for the living, Envy is for the dead.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The successor of the sheet-iron hamlet of the mangrove marshes has that
+other Australian specialty, the Botanical Gardens.  We cannot have these
+paradises.  The best we could do would be to cover a vast acreage under
+glass and apply steam heat.  But it would be inadequate, the lacks would
+still be so great: the confined sense, the sense of suffocation, the
+atmospheric dimness, the sweaty heat--these would all be there, in place
+of the Australian openness to the sky, the sunshine and the breeze.
+Whatever will grow under glass with us will flourish rampantly out of
+doors in Australia.--[The greatest heat in Victoria, that there is an
+authoritative record of, was at Sandhurst, in January, 1862.  The
+thermometer then registered 117 degrees in the shade.  In January, 1880,
+the heat at Adelaide, South Australia, was 172 degrees in the sun.]
+
+When the white man came the continent was nearly as poor, in variety of
+vegetation, as the desert of Sahara; now it has everything that grows on
+the earth.  In fact, not Australia only, but all Australasia has levied
+tribute upon the flora of the rest of the world; and wherever one goes
+the results appear, in gardens private and public, in the woodsy walls of
+the highways, and in even the forests.  If you see a curious or beautiful
+tree or bush or flower, and ask about it, the people, answering, usually
+name a foreign country as the place of its origin--India, Africa, Japan,
+China, England, America, Java, Sumatra, New Guinea, Polynesia, and so on.
+
+In the Zoological Gardens of Adelaide I saw the only laughing jackass
+that ever showed any disposition to be courteous to me.  This one opened
+his head wide and laughed like a demon; or like a maniac who was consumed
+with humorous scorn over a cheap and degraded pun.  It was a very human
+laugh.  If he had been out of sight I could have believed that the
+laughter came from a man.  It is an odd-looking bird, with a head and
+beak that are much too large for its body.  In time man will exterminate
+the rest of the wild creatures of Australia, but this one will probably
+survive, for man is his friend and lets him alone.  Man always has a good
+reason for his charities towards wild things, human or animal when he has
+any.  In this case the bird is spared because he kills snakes.  If L. J.
+he will not kill all of them.
+
+In that garden I also saw the wild Australian dog--the dingo.  He was a
+beautiful creature--shapely, graceful, a little wolfish in some of his
+aspects, but with a most friendly eye and sociable disposition.  The
+dingo is not an importation; he was present in great force when the
+whites first came to the continent.  It may be that he is the oldest dog
+in the universe; his origin, his descent, the place where his ancestors
+first appeared, are as unknown and as untraceable as are the camel's.
+He is the most precious dog in the world, for he does not bark.  But in
+an evil hour he got to raiding the sheep-runs to appease his hunger, and
+that sealed his doom.  He is hunted, now, just as if he were a wolf.
+He has been sentenced to extermination, and the sentence will be carried
+out.  This is all right, and not objectionable.  The world was made for
+man--the white man.
+
+South Australia is confusingly named.  All of the colonies have a
+southern exposure except one--Queensland.  Properly speaking, South
+Australia is middle Australia.  It extends straight up through the center
+of the continent like the middle board in a center-table.  It is 2,000
+miles high, from south to north, and about a third as wide.  A wee little
+spot down in its southeastern corner contains eight or nine-tenths of its
+population; the other one or two-tenths are elsewhere--as elsewhere as
+they could be in the United States with all the country between Denver
+and Chicago, and Canada and the Gulf of Mexico to scatter over.  There is
+plenty of room.
+
+A telegraph line stretches straight up north through that 2,000 miles of
+wilderness and desert from Adelaide to Port Darwin on the edge of the
+upper ocean.  South Australia built the line; and did it in 1871-2 when
+her population numbered only 185,000.  It was a great work; for there
+were no roads, no paths; 1,300 miles of the route had been traversed but
+once before by white men; provisions, wire, and poles had to be carried
+over immense stretches of desert; wells had to be dug along the route to
+supply the men and cattle with water.
+
+A cable had been previously laid from Port Darwin to Java and thence to
+India, and there was telegraphic communication with England from India.
+And so, if Adelaide could make connection with Port Darwin it meant
+connection with the whole world.  The enterprise succeeded.  One could
+watch the London markets daily, now; the profit to the wool-growers of
+Australia was instant and enormous.
+
+A telegram from Melbourne to San Francisco covers approximately 20,000
+miles--the equivalent of five-sixths of the way around the globe.  It has
+to halt along the way a good many times and be repeated; still, but
+little time is lost.  These halts, and the distances between them, are
+here tabulated.--[From "Round the Empire." (George R.  Parkin), all but
+the last two.]
+
+                              Miles.
+
+Melbourne-Mount Gambier,.......300
+Mount Gambier-Adelaide,........270
+Adelaide-Port Augusta,.........200
+Port Augusta-Alice Springs...1,036
+Alice Springs-Port Darwin,.....898
+Port Darwin-Banjoewangie,... 1,150
+Banjoewangie-Batavia,..........480
+Batavia-Singapore,.............553
+Singapore-Penang,..............399
+Penang-Madras,...............1,280
+Madras-Bombay,.................650
+Bombay-Aden,.................1,662
+Aden-Suez,...................1,346
+Suez-Alexandria,...............224
+Alexandria-Malta,..............828
+Malta-Gibraltar,.............1,008
+Gibraltar-Falmouth,..........1,061
+Falmouth-London,...............350
+London-New York,.............2,500
+New York-San Francisco,......3,500
+
+
+I was in Adelaide again, some months later, and saw the multitudes gather
+in the neighboring city of Glenelg to commemorate the Reading of the
+Proclamation--in 1836--which founded the Province.  If I have at any time
+called it a Colony, I withdraw the discourtesy.  It is not a Colony, it
+is a Province; and officially so.  Moreover, it is the only one so named
+in Australasia.  There was great enthusiasm; it was the Province's
+national holiday, its Fourth of July, so to speak.  It is the pre-eminent
+holiday; and that is saying much, in a country where they seem to have a
+most un-English mania for holidays.  Mainly they are workingmen's
+holidays; for in South Australia the workingman is sovereign; his vote is
+the desire of the politician--indeed, it is the very breath of the
+politician's being; the parliament exists to deliver the will of the
+workingman, and the government exists to execute it.  The workingman is a
+great power everywhere in Australia, but South Australia is his paradise.
+He has had a hard time in this world, and has earned a paradise.  I am
+glad he has found it.  The holidays there are frequent enough to be
+bewildering to the stranger.  I tried to get the hang of the system, but
+was not able to do it.
+
+You have seen that the Province is tolerant, religious-wise.  It is so
+politically, also.  One of the speakers at the Commemoration banquet--the
+Minister of Public Works-was an American, born and reared in New England.
+There is nothing narrow about the Province, politically, or in any other
+way that I know of.  Sixty-four religions and a Yankee cabinet minister.
+No amount of horse-racing can damn this community.
+
+The mean temperature of the Province is 62 deg.  The death-rate is 13 in
+the 1,000--about half what it is in the city of New York, I should think,
+and New York is a healthy city.  Thirteen is the death-rate for the
+average citizen of the Province, but there seems to be no death-rate for
+the old people.  There were people at the Commemoration banquet who could
+remember Cromwell.  There were six of them.  These Old Settlers had all
+been present at the original Reading of the Proclamation, in 1536.  They
+showed signs of the blightings and blastings of time, in their outward
+aspect, but they were young within; young and cheerful, and ready to
+talk; ready to talk, and talk all you wanted; in their turn, and out of
+it.  They were down for six speeches, and they made 42.  The governor and
+the cabinet and the mayor were down for 42 speeches, and they made 6.
+They have splendid grit, the Old Settlers, splendid staying power.  But
+they do not hear well, and when they see the mayor going through motions
+which they recognize as the introducing of a speaker, they think they are
+the one, and they all get up together, and begin to respond, in the most
+animated way; and the more the mayor gesticulates, and shouts "Sit down!
+Sit down!" the more they take it for applause, and the more excited and
+reminiscent and enthusiastic they get; and next, when they see the whole
+house laughing and crying, three of them think it is about the bitter
+old-time hardships they are describing, and the other three think the
+laughter is caused by the jokes they have been uncorking--jokes of the
+vintage of 1836--and then the way they do go on!  And finally when ushers
+come and plead, and beg, and gently and reverently crowd them down into
+their seats, they say, "Oh, I'm not tired--I could bang along a week!"
+and they sit there looking simple and childlike, and gentle, and proud of
+their oratory, and wholly unconscious of what is going on at the other
+end of the room.  And so one of the great dignitaries gets a chance, and
+begins his carefully prepared speech, impressively and with solemnity--
+
+     "When we, now great and prosperous and powerful, bow our heads in
+     reverent wonder in the contemplation of those sublimities of energy,
+     of wisdom, of forethought, of----"
+
+Up come the immortal six again, in a body, with a joyous "Hey, I've
+thought of another one!" and at it they go, with might and main, hearing
+not a whisper of the pandemonium that salutes them, but taking all the
+visible violences for applause, as before, and hammering joyously away
+till the imploring ushers pray them into their seats again.  And a pity,
+too; for those lovely old boys did so enjoy living their heroic youth
+over, in these days of their honored antiquity; and certainly the things
+they had to tell were usually worth the telling and the hearing.
+
+It was a stirring spectacle; stirring in more ways than one, for it was
+amazingly funny, and at the same time deeply pathetic; for they had seen
+so much, these time-worn veterans, end had suffered so much; and had
+built so strongly and well, and laid the foundations of their
+commonwealth so deep, in liberty and tolerance; and had lived to see the
+structure rise to such state and dignity and hear themselves so praised
+for honorable work.
+
+One of these old gentlemen told me some things of interest afterward;
+things about the aboriginals, mainly.  He thought them intelligent
+--remarkably so in some directions--and he said that along with their
+unpleasant qualities they had some exceedingly good ones; and he
+considered it a great pity that the race had died out.  He instanced
+their invention of the boomerang and the "weet-weet" as evidences of
+their brightness; and as another evidence of it he said he had never seen
+a white man who had cleverness enough to learn to do the miracles with
+those two toys that the aboriginals achieved.  He said that even the
+smartest whites had been obliged to confess that they could not learn the
+trick of the boomerang in perfection; that it had possibilities which
+they could not master.  The white man could not control its motions,
+could not make it obey him; but the aboriginal could.  He told me some
+wonderful things--some almost incredible things--which he had seen the
+blacks do with the boomerang and the weet-weet.  They have been confirmed
+to me since by other early settlers and by trustworthy books.
+
+It is contended--and may be said to be conceded--that the boomerang was
+known to certain savage tribes in Europe in Roman times.  In support of
+this, Virgil and two other Roman poets are quoted.  It is also contended
+that it was known to the ancient Egyptians.
+
+One of two things either some one with is then apparent: a boomerang
+arrived in Australia in the days of antiquity before European knowledge
+of the thing had been lost, or the Australian aboriginal reinvented it.
+It will take some time to find out which of these two propositions is the
+fact.  But there is no hurry.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XX.
+
+It is by the goodness of God that in our country we have those three
+unspeakably precious things: freedom of speech, freedom of conscience,
+and the prudence never to practice either of them.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+From diary:
+
+Mr. G.  called.  I had not seen him since Nauheim, Germany--several years
+ago; the time that the cholera broke out at Hamburg.  We talked of the
+people we had known there, or had casually met; and G. said:
+
+"Do you remember my introducing you to an earl--the Earl of C.?"
+
+"Yes.  That was the last time I saw you.  You and he were in a carriage,
+just starting--belated--for the train.  I remember it."
+
+"I remember it too, because of a thing which happened then which I was
+not looking for.  He had told me a while before, about a remarkable and
+interesting Californian whom he had met and who was a friend of yours,
+and said that if he should ever meet you he would ask you for some
+particulars about that Californian.  The subject was not mentioned that
+day at Nauheim, for we were hurrying away, and there was no time; but the
+thing that surprised me was this: when I induced you, you said, 'I am
+glad to meet your lordship gain.'  The I again' was the surprise.  He is
+a little hard of hearing, and didn't catch that word, and I thought you
+hadn't intended that he should.  As we drove off I had only time to say,
+'Why, what do you know about him?' and I understood you to say, 'Oh,
+nothing, except that he is the quickest judge of----'  Then we were gone,
+and I didn't get the rest.  I wondered what it was that he was such a
+quick judge of.  I have thought of it many times since, and still
+wondered what it could be.  He and I talked it over, but could not guess
+it out.  He thought it must be fox-hounds or horses, for he is a good
+judge of those--no one is a better.  But you couldn't know that, because
+you didn't know him; you had mistaken him for some one else; it must be
+that, he said, because he knew you had never met him before.  And of
+course you hadn't had you?"
+
+"Yes, I had."
+
+"Is that so?  Where?"
+
+"At a fox-hunt, in England."
+
+"How curious that is.  Why, he hadn't the least recollection of it.  Had
+you any conversation with him?"
+
+"Some--yes."
+
+"Well, it left not the least impression upon him.  What did you talk
+about?"
+
+"About the fox.  I think that was all."
+
+"Why, that would interest him; that ought to have left an impression.
+What did he talk about?"
+
+"The fox."
+
+It's very curious.  I don't understand it.  Did what he said leave an
+impression upon you?"
+
+"Yes.  It showed me that he was a quick judge of--however, I will tell
+you all about it, then you will understand.  It was a quarter of a
+century ago 1873 or '74.  I had an American friend in London named F.,
+who was fond of hunting, and his friends the Blanks invited him and me to
+come out to a hunt and be their guests at their country place.  In the
+morning the mounts were provided, but when I saw the horses I changed my
+mind and asked permission to walk.  I had never seen an English hunter
+before, and it seemed to me that I could hunt a fox safer on the ground.
+I had always been diffident about horses, anyway, even those of the
+common altitudes, and I did not feel competent to hunt on a horse that
+went on stilts.  So then Mrs. Blank came to my help and said I could go
+with her in the dog-cart and we would drive to a place she knew of, and
+there we should have a good glimpse of the hunt as it went by.
+
+"When we got to that place I got out and went and leaned my elbows on a
+low stone wall which enclosed a turfy and beautiful great field with
+heavy wood on all its sides except ours.  Mrs. Blank sat in the dog-cart
+fifty yards away, which was as near as she could get with the vehicle.
+I was full of interest, for I had never seen a fox-hunt.  I waited,
+dreaming and imagining, in the deep stillness and impressive tranquility
+which reigned in that retired spot.  Presently, from away off in the
+forest on the left, a mellow bugle-note came floating; then all of a
+sudden a multitude of dogs burst out of that forest and went tearing by
+and disappeared in the forest on the right; there was a pause, and then
+a cloud of horsemen in black caps and crimson coats plunged out of the
+left-hand forest and went flaming across the field like a prairie-fire,
+a stirring sight to see.  There was one man ahead of the rest, and he
+came spurring straight at me.  He was fiercely excited.  It was fine to
+see him ride; he was a master horseman.  He came like, a storm till he
+was within seven feet of me, where I was leaning on the wall, then he
+stood his horse straight up in the air on his hind toe-nails, and shouted
+like a demon:
+
+"'Which way'd the fox go?'
+
+"I didn't much like the tone, but I did not let on; for he was excited,
+you know.  But I was calm; so I said softly, and without acrimony:
+
+"'Which fox?'
+
+"It seemed to anger him.  I don't know why; and he thundered out:
+
+"'WHICH fox?  Why, THE fox?  Which way did the FOX go?'
+
+"I said, with great gentleness--even argumentatively:
+
+"'If you could be a little more definite--a little less vague--because I
+am a stranger, and there are many foxes, as you will know even better
+than I, and unless I know which one it is that you desire to identify,
+and----'
+
+"'You're certainly the damdest idiot that has escaped in a thousand
+years!' and he snatched his great horse around as easily as I would
+snatch a cat, and was away like a hurricane.  A very excitable man.
+
+"I went back to Mrs. Blank, and she was excited, too--oh, all alive.  She
+said:
+
+"'He spoke to you!--didn't he?'
+
+"'Yes, it is what happened.'
+
+"'I knew it! I couldn't hear what he said, but I knew be spoke to you! Do
+you know who it was?  It was Lord C., and he is Master of the Buckhounds!
+Tell me--what do you think of him?'
+
+"'Him?  Well, for sizing-up a stranger, he's got the most sudden and
+accurate judgment of any man I ever saw.'
+
+"It pleased her.  I thought it would."
+
+G. got away from Nauheim just in time to escape being shut in by the
+quarantine-bars on the frontiers; and so did we, for we left the next
+day.  But G. had a great deal of trouble in getting by the Italian
+custom-house, and we should have fared likewise but for the
+thoughtfulness of our consul-general in Frankfort.  He introduced me to
+the Italian consul-general, and I brought away from that consulate a
+letter which made our way smooth.  It was a dozen lines merely commending
+me in a general way to the courtesies of servants in his Italian
+Majesty's service, but it was more powerful than it looked.  In addition
+to a raft of ordinary baggage, we had six or eight trunks which were
+filled exclusively with dutiable stuff--household goods purchased in
+Frankfort for use in Florence, where we had taken a house.  I was going
+to ship these through by express; but at the last moment an order went
+throughout Germany forbidding the moving of any parcels by train unless
+the owner went with them.  This was a bad outlook.  We must take these
+things along, and the delay sure to be caused by the examination of them
+in the custom-house might lose us our train.  I imagined all sorts of
+terrors, and enlarged them steadily as we approached the Italian
+frontier.  We were six in number, clogged with all that baggage, and I
+was courier for the party the most incapable one they ever employed.
+
+We arrived, and pressed with the crowd into the immense custom-house, and
+the usual worries began; everybody crowding to the counter and begging to
+have his baggage examined first, and all hands clattering and chattering
+at once.  It seemed to me that I could do nothing; it would be better to
+give it all up and go away and leave the baggage.  I couldn't speak the
+language; I should never accomplish anything.  Just then a tall handsome
+man in a fine uniform was passing by and I knew he must be the
+station-master--and that reminded me of my letter.  I ran to him and put
+it into his hands.  He took it out of the envelope, and the moment his
+eye caught the royal coat of arms printed at its top, he took off his cap
+and made a beautiful bow to me, and said in English:
+
+"Which is your baggage?  Please show it to me."
+
+I showed him the mountain.  Nobody was disturbing it; nobody was
+interested in it; all the family's attempts to get attention to it had
+failed--except in the case of one of the trunks containing the dutiable
+goods.  It was just being opened.  My officer said:
+
+"There, let that alone! Lock it.  Now chalk it.  Chalk all of the lot.
+Now please come and show the hand-baggage."
+
+He plowed through the waiting crowd, I following, to the counter, and he
+gave orders again, in his emphatic military way:
+
+"Chalk these.  Chalk all of them."
+
+Then he took off his cap and made that beautiful bow again, and went his
+way.  By this time these attentions had attracted the wonder of that acre
+of passengers, and the whisper had gone around that the royal family were
+present getting their baggage chalked; and as we passed down in review on
+our way to the door, I was conscious of a pervading atmosphere of envy
+which gave me deep satisfaction.
+
+But soon there was an accident.  My overcoat pockets were stuffed with
+German cigars and linen packages of American smoking tobacco, and a
+porter was following us around with this overcoat on his arm, and
+gradually getting it upside down.  Just as I, in the rear of my family,
+moved by the sentinels at the door, about three hatfuls of the tobacco
+tumbled out on the floor.  One of the soldiers pounced upon it, gathered
+it up in his arms, pointed back whence I had come, and marched me ahead
+of him past that long wall of passengers again--he chattering and
+exulting like a devil, they smiling in peaceful joy, and I trying to look
+as if my pride was not hurt, and as if I did not mind being brought to
+shame before these pleased people who had so lately envied me.  But at
+heart I was cruelly humbled.
+
+When I had been marched two-thirds of the long distance and the misery of
+it was at the worst, the stately station-master stepped out from
+somewhere, and the soldier left me and darted after him and overtook him;
+and I could see by the soldier's excited gestures that he was betraying
+to him the whole shabby business.  The station-master was plainly very
+angry.  He came striding down toward me, and when he was come near he
+began to pour out a stream of indignant Italian; then suddenly took off
+his hat and made that beautiful bow and said:
+
+"Oh, it is you! I beg a thousands pardons!  This idiot here---" He turned
+to the exulting soldier and burst out with a flood of white-hot Italian
+lava, and the next moment he was bowing, and the soldier and I were
+moving in procession again--he in the lead and ashamed, this time, I with
+my chin up.  And so we marched by the crowd of fascinated passengers, and
+I went forth to the train with the honors of war.  Tobacco and all.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXI.
+
+Man will do many things to get himself loved, he will do all things to
+get himself envied.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Before I saw Australia I had never heard of the "weet-weet" at all.
+I met but few men who had seen it thrown--at least I met but few who
+mentioned having seen it thrown.  Roughly described, it is a fat wooden
+cigar with its butt-end fastened to a flexible twig.  The whole thing is
+only a couple of feet long, and weighs less than two ounces.  This
+feather--so to call it--is not thrown through the air, but is flung with
+an underhanded throw and made to strike the ground a little way in front
+of the thrower; then it glances and makes a long skip; glances again,
+skips again, and again and again, like the flat stone which a boy sends
+skating over the water.  The water is smooth, and the stone has a good
+chance; so a strong man may make it travel fifty or seventy-five yards;
+but the weet-weet has no such good chance, for it strikes sand, grass,
+and earth in its course.  Yet an expert aboriginal has sent it a measured
+distance of two hundred and twenty yards.  It would have gone even
+further but it encountered rank ferns and underwood on its passage and
+they damaged its speed.  Two hundred and twenty yards; and so weightless
+a toy--a mouse on the end of a bit of wire, in effect; and not sailing
+through the accommodating air, but encountering grass and sand and stuff
+at every jump.  It looks wholly impossible; but Mr. Brough Smyth saw the
+feat and did the measuring, and set down the facts in his book about
+aboriginal life, which he wrote by command of the Victorian Government.
+
+What is the secret of the feat?  No one explains.  It cannot be physical
+strength, for that could not drive such a feather-weight any distance.
+It must be art.  But no one explains what the art of it is; nor how it
+gets around that law of nature which says you shall not throw any
+two-ounce thing 220 yards, either through the air or bumping along the
+ground.  Rev. J. G. Woods says:
+
+"The distance to which the weet-weet or kangaroo-rat can be thrown is
+truly astonishing.  I have seen an Australian stand at one side of
+Kennington Oval and throw the kangaroo rat completely across it." (Width
+of Kensington Oval not stated.)  "It darts through the air with the sharp
+and menacing hiss of a rifle-ball, its greatest height from the ground
+being some seven or eight feet .  .  .  .  .  .  When properly thrown it
+looks just like a living animal leaping along .  .  .  .  .  .  Its
+movements have a wonderful resemblance to the long leaps of a
+kangaroo-rat fleeing in alarm, with its long tail trailing behind it."
+
+The Old Settler said that he had seen distances made by the weet-weet, in
+the early days, which almost convinced him that it was as extraordinary
+an instrument as the boomerang.
+
+There must have been a large distribution of acuteness among those naked
+skinny aboriginals, or they couldn't have been such unapproachable
+trackers and boomerangers and weet-weeters.  It must have been
+race-aversion that put upon them a good deal of the low-rate intellectual
+reputation which they bear and have borne this long time in the world's
+estimate of them.
+
+They were lazy--always lazy.  Perhaps that was their trouble.  It is a
+killing defect.  Surely they could have invented and built a competent
+house, but they didn't.  And they could have invented and developed the
+agricultural arts, but they didn't.  They went naked and houseless, and
+lived on fish and grubs and worms and wild fruits, and were just plain
+savages, for all their smartness.
+
+With a country as big as the United States to live and multiply in, and
+with no epidemic diseases among them till the white man came with those
+and his other appliances of civilization, it is quite probable that there
+was never a day in his history when he could muster 100,000 of his race
+in all Australia.  He diligently and deliberately kept population down by
+infanticide--largely; but mainly by certain other methods.  He did not
+need to practise these artificialities any more after the white man came.
+The white man knew ways of keeping down population which were worth
+several of his.  The white man knew ways of reducing a native population
+80 percent. in 20 years.  The native had never seen anything as fine as
+that before.
+
+For example, there is the case of the country now called Victoria--a
+country eighty times as large as Rhode Island, as I have already said.
+By the best official guess there were 4,500 aboriginals in it when the
+whites came along in the middle of the 'Thirties.  Of these, 1,000 lived
+in Gippsland, a patch of territory the size of fifteen or sixteen Rhode
+Islands: they did not diminish as fast as some of the other communities;
+indeed, at the end of forty years there were still 200 of them left.  The
+Geelong tribe diminished more satisfactorily: from 173 persons it faded
+to 34 in twenty years; at the end of another twenty the tribe numbered
+one person altogether.  The two Melbourne tribes could muster almost 300
+when the white man came; they could muster but twenty, thirty-seven years
+later, in 1875.  In that year there were still odds and ends of tribes
+scattered about the colony of Victoria, but I was told that natives of
+full blood are very scarce now.  It is said that the aboriginals continue
+in some force in the huge territory called Queensland.
+
+The early whites were not used to savages.  They could not understand the
+primary law of savage life: that if a man do you a wrong, his whole tribe
+is responsible--each individual of it--and you may take your change out
+of any individual of it, without bothering to seek out the guilty one.
+When a white killed an aboriginal, the tribe applied the ancient law, and
+killed the first white they came across.  To the whites this was a
+monstrous thing.  Extermination seemed to be the proper medicine for such
+creatures as this.  They did not kill all the blacks, but they promptly
+killed enough of them to make their own persons safe.  From the dawn of
+civilization down to this day the white man has always used that very
+precaution.  Mrs. Campbell Praed lived in Queensland, as a child, in the
+early days, and in her "Sketches of Australian life," we get informing
+pictures of the early struggles of the white and the black to reform each
+other.
+
+Speaking of pioneer days in the mighty wilderness of Queensland, Mrs.
+Praed says:
+
+     "At first the natives retreated before the whites; and, except that
+     they every now and then speared a beast in one of the herds, gave
+     little cause for uneasiness.  But, as the number of squatters
+     increased, each one taking up miles of country and bringing two or
+     three men in his train, so that shepherds' huts and stockmen's camps
+     lay far apart, and defenseless in the midst of hostile tribes, the
+     Blacks' depredations became more frequent and murder was no unusual
+     event.
+
+     "The loneliness of the Australian bush can hardly be painted in
+     words.  Here extends mile after mile of primeval forest where
+     perhaps foot of white man has never trod--interminable vistas where
+     the eucalyptus trees rear their lofty trunks and spread forth their
+     lanky limbs, from which the red gum oozes and hangs in fantastic
+     pendants like crimson stalactites; ravines along the sides of which
+     the long-bladed grass grows rankly; level untimbered plains
+     alternating with undulating tracts of pasture, here and there broken
+     by a stony ridge, steep gully, or dried-up creek.  All wild, vast
+     and desolate; all the same monotonous gray coloring, except where
+     the wattle, when in blossom, shows patches of feathery gold, or a
+     belt of scrub lies green, glossy, and impenetrable as Indian jungle.
+
+     "The solitude seems intensified by the strange sounds of reptiles,
+     birds, and insects, and by the absence of larger creatures; of which
+     in the day-time, the only audible signs are the stampede of a herd
+     of kangaroo, or the rustle of a wallabi, or a dingo stirring the
+     grass as it creeps to its lair.  But there are the whirring of
+     locusts, the demoniac chuckle of the laughing jack-ass, the
+     screeching of cockatoos and parrots, the hissing of the frilled
+     lizard, and the buzzing of innumerable insects hidden under the
+     dense undergrowth. And then at night, the melancholy wailing of the
+     curlews, the dismal howling of dingoes, the discordant croaking of
+     tree-frogs, might well shake the nerves of the solitary watcher."
+
+That is the theater for the drama.  When you comprehend one or two other
+details, you will perceive how well suited for trouble it was, and how
+loudly it invited it.  The cattlemen's stations were scattered over that
+profound wilderness miles and miles apart--at each station half a dozen
+persons.  There was a plenty of cattle, the black natives were always
+ill-nourished and hungry.  The land belonged to them.  The whites had not
+bought it, and couldn't buy it; for the tribes had no chiefs, nobody in
+authority, nobody competent to sell and convey; and the tribes themselves
+had no comprehension of the idea of transferable ownership of land.  The
+ousted owners were despised by the white interlopers, and this opinion
+was not hidden under a bushel.  More promising materials for a tragedy
+could not have been collated.  Let Mrs. Praed speak:
+
+     "At Nie station, one dark night, the unsuspecting hut-keeper,
+     having, as he believed, secured himself against assault, was lying
+     wrapped in his blankets sleeping profoundly.  The Blacks crept
+     stealthily down the chimney and battered in his skull while he
+     slept."
+
+One could guess the whole drama from that little text.  The curtain was
+up.  It would not fall until the mastership of one party or the other was
+determined--and permanently:
+
+     "There was treachery on both sides.  The Blacks killed the Whites
+     when they found them defenseless, and the Whites slew the Blacks in
+     a wholesale and promiscuous fashion which offended against my
+     childish sense of justice.
+
+     "They were regarded as little above the level of brutes, and in some
+     cases were destroyed like vermin.
+
+     "Here is an instance.  A squatter, whose station was surrounded by
+     Blacks, whom he suspected to be hostile and from whom he feared an
+     attack, parleyed with them from his house-door.  He told them it was
+     Christmas-time--a time at which all men, black or white, feasted;
+     that there were flour, sugar-plums, good things in plenty in the
+     store, and that he would make for them such a pudding as they had
+     never dreamed of--a great pudding of which all might eat and be
+     filled.  The Blacks listened and were lost.  The pudding was made
+     and distributed.  Next morning there was howling in the camp, for it
+     had been sweetened with sugar and arsenic!"
+
+The white man's spirit was right, but his method was wrong.  His spirit
+was the spirit which the civilized white has always exhibited toward the
+savage, but the use of poison was a departure from custom.  True, it was
+merely a technical departure, not a real one; still, it was a departure,
+and therefore a mistake, in my opinion.  It was better, kinder, swifter,
+and much more humane than a number of the methods which have been
+sanctified by custom, but that does not justify its employment.  That is,
+it does not wholly justify it.  Its unusual nature makes it stand out and
+attract an amount of attention which it is not entitled to.  It takes
+hold upon morbid imaginations and they work it up into a sort of
+exhibition of cruelty, and this smirches the good name of our
+civilization, whereas one of the old harsher methods would have had no
+such effect because usage has made those methods familiar to us and
+innocent.  In many countries we have chained the savage and starved him
+to death; and this we do not care for, because custom has inured us to
+it; yet a quick death by poison is loving-kindness to it.  In many
+countries we have burned the savage at the stake; and this we do not care
+for, because custom has inured us to it; yet a quick death is
+loving-kindness to it.  In more than one country we have hunted the
+savage and his little children and their mother with dogs and guns
+through the woods and swamps for an afternoon's sport, and filled the
+region with happy laughter over their sprawling and stumbling flight, and
+their wild supplications for mercy; but this method we do not mind,
+because custom has inured us to it; yet a quick death by poison is
+loving-kindness to it.  In many countries we have taken the savage's land
+from him, and made him our slave, and lashed him every day, and broken
+his pride, and made death his only friend, and overworked him till he
+dropped in his tracks; and this we do not care for, because custom has
+inured us to it; yet a quick death by poison is loving-kindness to it.
+In the Matabeleland today--why, there we are confining ourselves to
+sanctified custom, we Rhodes-Beit millionaires in South Africa and Dukes
+in London; and nobody cares, because we are used to the old holy customs,
+and all we ask is that no notice-inviting new ones shall be intruded upon
+the attention of our comfortable consciences.  Mrs. Praed says of the
+poisoner, "That squatter deserves to have his name handed down to the
+contempt of posterity."
+
+I am sorry to hear her say that.  I myself blame him for one thing, and
+severely, but I stop there.  I blame him for, the indiscretion of
+introducing a novelty which was calculated to attract attention to our
+civilization.  There was no occasion to do that.  It was his duty, and it
+is every loyal man's duty to protect that heritage in every way he can;
+and the best way to do that is to attract attention elsewhere.  The
+squatter's judgment was bad--that is plain; but his heart was right.  He
+is almost the only pioneering representative of civilization in history
+who has risen above the prejudices of his caste and his heredity and
+tried to introduce the element of mercy into the superior race's dealings
+with the savage.  His name is lost, and it is a pity; for it deserves to
+be handed down to posterity with homage and reverence.
+
+This paragraph is from a London journal:
+
+     "To learn what France is doing to spread the blessings of
+     civilization in her distant dependencies we may turn with advantage
+     to New Caledonia.  With a view to attracting free settlers to that
+     penal colony, M. Feillet, the Governor, forcibly expropriated the
+     Kanaka cultivators from the best of their plantations, with a
+     derisory compensation, in spite of the protests of the Council
+     General of the island.  Such immigrants as could be induced to cross
+     the seas thus found themselves in possession of thousands of coffee,
+     cocoa, banana, and bread-fruit trees, the raising of which had cost
+     the wretched natives years of toil whilst the latter had a few
+     five-franc pieces to spend in the liquor stores of Noumea."
+
+You observe the combination?  It is robbery, humiliation, and slow, slow
+murder, through poverty and the white man's whisky.  The savage's gentle
+friend, the savage's noble friend, the only magnanimous and unselfish
+friend the savage has ever had, was not there with the merciful swift
+release of his poisoned pudding.
+
+There are many humorous things in the world; among them the white man's
+notion that he is less savage than the other savages.--[See Chapter on
+Tasmania, post.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXII.
+
+Nothing is so ignorant as a man's left hand, except a lady's watch.
+
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+You notice that Mrs. Praed knows her art.  She can place a thing before
+you so that you can see it.  She is not alone in that.  Australia is
+fertile in writers whose books are faithful mirrors of the life of the
+country and of its history.  The materials were surprisingly rich, both
+in quality and in mass, and Marcus Clarke, Ralph Boldrewood, Cordon,
+Kendall, and the others, have built out of them a brilliant and vigorous
+literature, and one which must endure.  Materials--there is no end to
+them!  Why, a literature might be made out of the aboriginal all by
+himself, his character and ways are so freckled with varieties--varieties
+not staled by familiarity, but new to us.  You do not need to invent any
+picturesquenesses; whatever you want in that line he can furnish you; and
+they will not be fancies and doubtful, but realities and authentic.  In
+his history, as preserved by the white man's official records, he is
+everything--everything that a human creature can be.  He covers the
+entire ground.  He is a coward--there are a thousand fact to prove it.
+He is brave--there are a thousand facts to prove it.  He is treacherous
+--oh, beyond imagination! he is faithful, loyal, true--the white man's
+records supply you with a harvest of instances of it that are noble,
+worshipful, and pathetically beautiful.  He kills the starving stranger
+who comes begging for food and shelter there is proof of it.  He succors,
+and feeds, and guides to safety, to-day, the lost stranger who fired on
+him only yesterday--there is proof of it.  He takes his reluctant bride
+by force, he courts her with a club, then loves her faithfully through a
+long life--it is of record.  He gathers to himself another wife by the
+same processes, beats and bangs her as a daily diversion, and by and by
+lays down his life in defending her from some outside harm--it is of
+record.  He will face a hundred hostiles to rescue one of his children,
+and will kill another of his children because the family is large enough
+without it.  His delicate stomach turns, at certain details of the white
+man's food; but he likes over-ripe fish, and brazed dog, and cat, and
+rat, and will eat his own uncle with relish.  He is a sociable animal,
+yet he turns aside and hides behind his shield when his mother-in-law
+goes by.  He is childishly afraid of ghosts and other trivialities that
+menace his soul, but dread of physical pain is a weakness which he is not
+acquainted with.  He knows all the great and many of the little
+constellations, and has names for them; he has a symbol-writing by means
+of which he can convey messages far and wide among the tribes; he has a
+correct eye for form and expression, and draws a good picture; he can
+track a fugitive by delicate traces which the white man's eye cannot
+discern, and by methods which the finest white intelligence cannot
+master; he makes a missile which science itself cannot duplicate without
+the model--if with it; a missile whose secret baffled and defeated the
+searchings and theorizings of the white mathematicians for seventy years;
+and by an art all his own he performs miracles with it which the white
+man cannot approach untaught, nor parallel after teaching.  Within
+certain limits this savage's intellect is the alertest and the brightest
+known to history or tradition; and yet the poor creature was never able
+to invent a counting system that would reach above five, nor a vessel
+that he could boil water in.  He is the prize-curiosity of all the races.
+To all intents and purposes he is dead--in the body; but he has features
+that will live in literature.
+
+Mr. Philip Chauncy, an officer of the Victorian Government, contributed
+to its archives a report of his personal observations of the aboriginals
+which has in it some things which I wish to condense slightly and insert
+here.  He speaks of the quickness of their eyes and the accuracy of their
+judgment of the direction of approaching missiles as being quite
+extraordinary, and of the answering suppleness and accuracy of limb and
+muscle in avoiding the missile as being extraordinary also.  He has seen
+an aboriginal stand as a target for cricket-balls thrown with great force
+ten or fifteen yards, by professional bowlers, and successfully dodge
+them or parry them with his shield during about half an hour.  One of
+those balls, properly placed, could have killed him; "Yet he depended,
+with the utmost self-possession, on the quickness of his eye and his
+agility."
+
+The shield was the customary war-shield of his race, and would not be a
+protection to you or to me.  It is no broader than a stovepipe, and is
+about as long as a man's arm.  The opposing surface is not flat, but
+slopes away from the centerline like a boat's bow.  The difficulty about
+a cricket-ball that has been thrown with a scientific "twist" is, that it
+suddenly changes it course when it is close to its target and comes
+straight for the mark when apparently it was going overhead or to one
+side.  I should not be able to protect myself from such balls for
+half-an-hour, or less.
+
+Mr. Chauncy once saw "a little native man" throw a cricket-ball 119
+yards.  This is said to beat the English professional record by thirteen
+yards.
+
+We have all seen the circus-man bound into the air from a spring-board
+and make a somersault over eight horses standing side by side.  Mr.
+Chauncy saw an aboriginal do it over eleven; and was assured that he had
+sometimes done it over fourteen.  But what is that to this:
+
+     "I saw the same man leap from the ground, and in going over he
+     dipped his head, unaided by his hands, into a hat placed in an
+     inverted position on the top of the head of another man sitting
+     upright on horseback--both man and horse being of the average size.
+     The native landed on the other side of the horse with the hat fairly
+     on his head.  The prodigious height of the leap, and the precision
+     with which it was taken so as to enable him to dip his head into the
+     hat, exceeded any feat of the kind I have ever beheld."
+
+I should think so!  On board a ship lately I saw a young Oxford athlete
+run four steps and spring into the air and squirm his hips by a
+side-twist over a bar that was five and one-half feet high; but he could
+not have stood still and cleared a bar that was four feet high.  I know
+this, because I tried it myself.
+
+One can see now where the kangaroo learned its art.
+
+Sir George Grey and Mr. Eyre testify that the natives dug wells fourteen
+or fifteen feet deep and two feet in diameter at the bore--dug them in
+the sand--wells that were "quite circular, carried straight down, and the
+work beautifully executed."
+
+Their tools were their hands and feet.  How did they throw sand out from
+such a depth?  How could they stoop down and get it, with only two feet
+of space to stoop in?  How did they keep that sand-pipe from caving in
+on them?  I do not know.  Still, they did manage those seeming
+impossibilities.  Swallowed the sand, may be.
+
+Mr. Chauncy speaks highly of the patience and skill and alert
+intelligence of the native huntsman when he is stalking the emu, the
+kangaroo, and other game:
+
+     "As he walks through the bush his step is light, elastic, and
+     noiseless; every track on the earth catches his keen eye; a leaf, or
+     fragment of a stick turned, or a blade of grass recently bent by the
+     tread of one of the lower animals, instantly arrests his attention;
+     in fact, nothing escapes his quick and powerful sight on the ground,
+     in the trees, or in the distance, which may supply him with a meal
+     or warn him of danger.  A little examination of the trunk of a tree
+     which may be nearly covered with the scratches of opossums ascending
+     and descending is sufficient to inform him whether one went up the
+     night before without coming down again or not."
+
+Fennimore Cooper lost his chance.  He would have known how to value these
+people.  He wouldn't have traded the dullest of them for the brightest
+Mohawk he ever invented.
+
+All savages draw outline pictures upon bark; but the resemblances are not
+close, and expression is usually lacking.  But the Australian
+aboriginal's pictures of animals were nicely accurate in form, attitude,
+carriage; and he put spirit into them, and expression.  And his pictures
+of white people and natives were pretty nearly as good as his pictures of
+the other animals.  He dressed his whites in the fashion of their day,
+both the ladies and the gentlemen.  As an untaught wielder of the pencil
+it is not likely that he has had his equal among savage people.
+
+His place in art--as to drawing, not color-work--is well up, all things
+considered.  His art is not to be classified with savage art at all, but
+on a plane two degrees above it and one degree above the lowest plane of
+civilized art.  To be exact, his place in art is between Botticelli and
+De Maurier.  That is to say, he could not draw as well as De Maurier but
+better than Boticelli.  In feeling, he resembles both; also in grouping
+and in his preferences in the matter of subjects.  His "corrobboree" of
+the Australian wilds reappears in De Maurier's Belgravian ballrooms, with
+clothes and the smirk of civilization added; Botticelli's "Spring" is the
+"corrobboree" further idealized, but with fewer clothes and more smirk.
+And well enough as to intention, but--my word!
+
+The aboriginal can make a fire by friction.  I have tried that.
+
+All savages are able to stand a good deal of physical pain.  The
+Australian aboriginal has this quality in a well-developed degree.  Do
+not read the following instances if horrors are not pleasant to you.
+They were recorded by the Rev. Henry N. Wolloston, of Melbourne, who had
+been a surgeon before he became a clergyman:
+
+     1.  "In the summer of 1852 I started on horseback from Albany, King
+     George's Sound, to visit at Cape Riche, accompanied by a native on
+     foot.  We traveled about forty miles the first day, then camped by a
+     water-hole for the night.  After cooking and eating our supper, I
+     observed the native, who had said nothing to me on the subject,
+     collect the hot embers of the fire together, and deliberately place
+     his right foot in the glowing mass for a moment, then suddenly
+     withdraw it, stamping on the ground and uttering a long-drawn
+     guttural sound of mingled pain and satisfaction.  This operation he
+     repeated several times.  On my inquiring the meaning of his strange
+     conduct, he only said, 'Me carpenter-make 'em' ('I am mending my
+     foot'), and then showed me his charred great toe, the nail of which
+     had been torn off by a tea-tree stump, in which it had been caught
+     during the journey, and the pain of which he had borne with stoical
+     composure until the evening, when he had an opportunity of
+     cauterizing the wound in the primitive manner above described."
+
+And he proceeded on the journey the next day, "as if nothing had
+happened"--and walked thirty miles.  It was a strange idea, to keep a
+surgeon and then do his own surgery.
+
+     2.  "A native about twenty-five years of age once applied to me, as
+     a doctor, to extract the wooden barb of a spear, which, during a
+     fight in the bush some four months previously, had entered his
+     chest, just missing the heart, and penetrated the viscera to a
+     considerable depth.  The spear had been cut off, leaving the barb
+     behind, which continued to force its way by muscular action
+     gradually toward the back; and when I examined him I could feel a
+     hard substance between the ribs below the left blade-bone.  I made a
+     deep incision, and with a pair of forceps extracted the barb, which
+     was made, as usual, of hard wood about four inches long and from
+     half an inch to an inch thick.  It was very smooth, and partly
+     digested, so to speak, by the maceration to which it had been
+     exposed during its four months' journey through the body.  The wound
+     made by the spear had long since healed, leaving only a small
+     cicatrix; and after the operation, which the native bore without
+     flinching, he appeared to suffer no pain.  Indeed, judging from his
+     good state of health, the presence of the foreign matter did not
+     materially annoy him.  He was perfectly well in a few days."
+
+But No. 3 is my favorite.  Whenever I read it I seem to enjoy all that
+the patient enjoyed--whatever it was:
+
+     3.  "Once at King George's Sound a native presented himself to me
+     with one leg only, and requested me to supply him with a wooden leg.
+     He had traveled in this maimed state about ninety-six miles, for
+     this purpose.  I examined the limb, which had been severed just
+     below the knee, and found that it had been charred by fire, while
+     about two inches of the partially calcined bone protruded through
+     the flesh.  I at once removed this with the saw; and having made as
+     presentable a stump of it as I could, covered the amputated end of
+     the bone with a surrounding of muscle, and kept the patient a few
+     days under my care to allow the wound to heal.  On inquiring, the
+     native told me that in a fight with other black-fellows a spear had
+     struck his leg and penetrated the bone below the knee.  Finding it
+     was serious, he had recourse to the following crude and barbarous
+     operation, which it appears is not uncommon among these people in
+     their native state.  He made a fire, and dug a hole in the earth
+     only sufficiently large to admit his leg, and deep enough to allow
+     the wounded part to be on a level with the surface of the ground.
+     He then surrounded the limb with the live coals or charcoal, which
+     was replenished until the leg was literally burnt off.  The
+     cauterization thus applied completely checked the hemorrhage, and he
+     was able in a day or two to hobble down to the Sound, with the aid
+     of a long stout stick, although he was more than a week on the
+     road."
+
+But he was a fastidious native.  He soon discarded the wooden leg made
+for him by the doctor, because "it had no feeling in it."  It must have
+had as much as the one he burnt off, I should think.
+
+So much for the Aboriginals.  It is difficult for me to let them alone.
+They are marvelously interesting creatures.  For a quarter of a century,
+now, the several colonial governments have housed their remnants in
+comfortable stations, and fed them well and taken good care of them in
+every way.  If I had found this out while I was in Australia I could have
+seen some of those people--but I didn't.  I would walk thirty miles to
+see a stuffed one.
+
+Australia has a slang of its own.  This is a matter of course.  The vast
+cattle and sheep industries, the strange aspects of the country, and the
+strange native animals, brute and human, are matters which would
+naturally breed a local slang.  I have notes of this slang somewhere, but
+at the moment I can call to mind only a few of the words and phrases.
+They are expressive ones.  The wide, sterile, unpeopled deserts have
+created eloquent phrases like "No Man's Land" and the "Never-never
+Country."  Also this felicitous form: "She lives in the Never-never
+Country"--that is, she is an old maid.  And this one is not without
+merit: "heifer-paddock"--young ladies' seminary.  "Bail up" and "stick
+up" equivalent of our highwayman-term to "hold up" a stage-coach or a
+train.  "New-chum" is the equivalent of our "tenderfoot"--new arrival.
+
+And then there is the immortal "My word!"  "We must import it."
+"M-y word!"
+
+"In cold print it is the equivalent of our "Ger-rreat Caesar!" but spoken
+with the proper Australian unction and fervency, it is worth six of it
+for grace and charm and expressiveness.  Our form is rude and explosive;
+it is not suited to the drawing-room or the heifer-paddock; but "M-y
+word!" is, and is music to the ear, too, when the utterer knows how to
+say it.  I saw it in print several times on the Pacific Ocean, but it
+struck me coldly, it aroused no sympathy.  That was because it was the
+dead corpse of the thing, the 'soul was not there--the tones were
+lacking--the informing spirit--the deep feeling--the eloquence.  But the
+first time I heard an Australian say it, it was positively thrilling.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIII.
+
+Be careless in your dress if you must, but keep a tidy soul.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We left Adelaide in due course, and went to Horsham, in the colony of
+Victoria; a good deal of a journey, if I remember rightly, but pleasant.
+Horsham sits in a plain which is as level as a floor--one of those famous
+dead levels which Australian books describe so often; gray, bare, sombre,
+melancholy, baked, cracked, in the tedious long drouths, but a
+horizonless ocean of vivid green grass the day after a rain.  A country
+town, peaceful, reposeful, inviting, full of snug homes, with garden
+plots, and plenty of shrubbery and flowers.
+
+"Horsham, October 17.
+At the hotel.  The weather divine.  Across the way, in front of the
+London Bank of Australia, is a very handsome cottonwood.  It is in
+opulent leaf, and every leaf perfect.  The full power of the on-rushing
+spring is upon it, and I imagine I can see it grow.  Alongside the bank
+and a little way back in the garden there is a row of soaring
+fountain-sprays of delicate feathery foliage quivering in the breeze, and
+mottled with flashes of light that shift and play through the mass like
+flash-lights through an opal--a most beautiful tree, and a striking
+contrast to the cottonwood.  Every leaf of the cottonwood is distinctly
+defined--it is a kodak for faithful, hard, unsentimental detail; the
+other an impressionist picture, delicious to look upon, full of a subtle
+and exquisite charm, but all details fused in a swoon of vague and soft
+loveliness."
+
+It turned out, upon inquiry, to be a pepper tree--an importation from
+China.  It has a silky sheen, soft and rich.  I saw some that had long
+red bunches of currant-like berries ambushed among the foliage.  At a
+distance, in certain lights, they give the tree a pinkish tint and a new
+charm.
+
+There is an agricultural college eight miles from Horsham.  We were
+driven out to it by its chief.  The conveyance was an open wagon; the
+time, noonday; no wind; the sky without a cloud, the sunshine brilliant
+--and the mercury at 92 deg. in the shade.  In some countries an indolent
+unsheltered drive of an hour and a half under such conditions would have
+been a sweltering and prostrating experience; but there was nothing of
+that in this case.  It is a climate that is perfect.  There was no sense
+of heat; indeed, there was no heat; the air was fine and pure and
+exhilarating; if the drive had lasted half a day I think we should not
+have felt any discomfort, or grown silent or droopy or tired.  Of course,
+the secret of it was the exceeding dryness of the atmosphere.  In that
+plain 112 deg. in the shade is without doubt no harder upon a man than is
+88 or 90 deg. in New York.
+
+The road lay through the middle of an empty space which seemed to me to
+be a hundred yards wide between the fences.  I was not given the width in
+yards, but only in chains and perches--and furlongs, I think.  I would
+have given a good deal to know what the width was, but I did not pursue
+the matter.  I think it is best to put up with information the way you
+get it; and seem satisfied with it, and surprised at it, and grateful for
+it, and say, "My word!" and never let on.  It was a wide space; I could
+tell you how wide, in chains and perches and furlongs and things, but
+that would not help you any.  Those things sound well, but they are
+shadowy and indefinite, like troy weight and avoirdupois; nobody knows
+what they mean.  When you buy a pound of a drug and the man asks you
+which you want, troy or avoirdupois, it is best to say "Yes," and shift
+the subject.
+
+They said that the wide space dates from the earliest sheep and
+cattle-raising days.  People had to drive their stock long distances
+--immense journeys--from worn-out places to new ones where were water
+and fresh pasturage; and this wide space had to be left in grass and
+unfenced, or the stock would have starved to death in the transit.
+
+On the way we saw the usual birds--the beautiful little green parrots,
+the magpie, and some others; and also the slender native bird of modest
+plumage and the eternally-forgettable name--the bird that is the smartest
+among birds, and can give a parrot 30 to 1 in the game and then talk him
+to death.  I cannot recall that bird's name.  I think it begins with M.
+I wish it began with G. or something that a person can remember.
+
+The magpie was out in great force, in the fields and on the fences.  He
+is a handsome large creature, with snowy white decorations, and is a
+singer; he has a murmurous rich note that is lovely.  He was once modest,
+even diffident; but he lost all that when he found out that he was
+Australia's sole musical bird.  He has talent, and cuteness, and
+impudence; and in his tame state he is a most satisfactory pet--never
+coming when he is called, always coming when he isn't, and studying
+disobedience as an accomplishment.  He is not confined, but loafs all
+over the house and grounds, like the laughing jackass.  I think he learns
+to talk, I know he learns to sing tunes, and his friends say that he
+knows how to steal without learning.  I was acquainted with a tame magpie
+in Melbourne.  He had lived in a lady's house several years, and believed
+he owned it.  The lady had tamed him, and in return he had tamed the
+lady.  He was always on deck when not wanted, always having his own way,
+always tyrannizing over the dog, and always making the cat's life a slow
+sorrow and a martyrdom.  He knew a number of tunes and could sing them in
+perfect time and tune; and would do it, too, at any time that silence was
+wanted; and then encore himself and do it again; but if he was asked to
+sing he would go out and take a walk.
+
+It was long believed that fruit trees would not grow in that baked and
+waterless plain around Horsham, but the agricultural college has
+dissipated that idea.  Its ample nurseries were producing oranges,
+apricots, lemons, almonds, peaches, cherries, 48 varieties of apples--in
+fact, all manner of fruits, and in abundance.  The trees did not seem to
+miss the water; they were in vigorous and flourishing condition.
+
+Experiments are made with different soils, to see what things thrive best
+in them and what climates are best for them.  A man who is ignorantly
+trying to produce upon his farm things not suited to its soil and its
+other conditions can make a journey to the college from anywhere in
+Australia, and go back with a change of scheme which will make his farm
+productive and profitable.
+
+There were forty pupils there--a few of them farmers, relearning their
+trade, the rest young men mainly from the cities--novices.  It seemed a
+strange thing that an agricultural college should have an attraction for
+city-bred youths, but such is the fact.  They are good stuff, too; they
+are above the agricultural average of intelligence, and they come without
+any inherited prejudices in favor of hoary ignorances made sacred by long
+descent.
+
+The students work all day in the fields, the nurseries, and the
+shearing-sheds, learning and doing all the practical work of the
+business--three days in a week.  On the other three they study and hear
+lectures.  They are taught the beginnings of such sciences as bear upon
+agriculture--like chemistry, for instance.  We saw the sophomore class in
+sheep-shearing shear a dozen sheep.  They did it by hand, not with the
+machine.  The sheep was seized and flung down on his side and held there;
+and the students took off his coat with great celerity and adroitness.
+Sometimes they clipped off a sample of the sheep, but that is customary
+with shearers, and they don't mind it; they don't even mind it as much as
+the sheep.  They dab a splotch of sheep-dip on the place and go right
+ahead.
+
+The coat of wool was unbelievably thick.  Before the shearing the sheep
+looked like the fat woman in the circus; after it he looked like a bench.
+He was clipped to the skin; and smoothly and uniformly.  The fleece comes
+from him all in one piece and has the spread of a blanket.
+
+The college was flying the Australian flag--the gridiron of England
+smuggled up in the northwest corner of a big red field that had the
+random stars of the Southern Cross wandering around over it.
+
+From Horsham we went to Stawell.  By rail.  Still in the colony of
+Victoria.  Stawell is in the gold-mining country.  In the bank-safe was
+half a peck of surface-gold--gold dust, grain gold; rich; pure in fact,
+and pleasant to sift through one's fingers; and would be pleasanter if it
+would stick.  And there were a couple of gold bricks, very heavy to
+handle, and worth $7,500 a piece.  They were from a very valuable quartz
+mine; a lady owns two-thirds of it; she has an income of $75,000 a month
+from it, and is able to keep house.
+
+The Stawell region is not productive of gold only; it has great
+vineyards, and produces exceptionally fine wines.  One of these
+vineyards--the Great Western, owned by Mr. Irving--is regarded as a
+model.  Its product has reputation abroad.  It yields a choice champagne
+and a fine claret, and its hock took a prize in France two or three years
+ago.  The champagne is kept in a maze of passages under ground, cut in
+the rock, to secure it an even temperature during the three-year term
+required to perfect it.  In those vaults I saw 120,000 bottles of
+champagne.  The colony of Victoria has a population of 1,000,000, and
+those people are said to drink 25,000,000 bottles of champagne per year.
+The dryest community on the earth.  The government has lately reduced the
+duty upon foreign wines.  That is one of the unkindnesses of Protection.
+A man invests years of work and a vast sum of money in a worthy
+enterprise, upon the faith of existing laws; then the law is changed, and
+the man is robbed by his own government.
+
+On the way back to Stawell we had a chance to see a group of boulders
+called the Three Sisters--a curiosity oddly located; for it was upon high
+ground, with the land sloping away from it, and no height above it from
+whence the boulders could have rolled down.  Relics of an early
+ice-drift, perhaps.  They are noble boulders.  One of them has the size
+and smoothness and plump sphericity of a balloon of the biggest pattern.
+
+The road led through a forest of great gum-trees, lean and scraggy and
+sorrowful.  The road was cream-white--a clayey kind of earth, apparently.
+Along it toiled occasional freight wagons, drawn by long double files of
+oxen.  Those wagons were going a journey of two hundred miles, I was
+told, and were running a successful opposition to the railway!  The
+railways are owned and run by the government.
+
+Those sad gums stood up out of the dry white clay, pictures of patience
+and resignation.  It is a tree that can get along without water; still it
+is fond of it--ravenously so.  It is a very intelligent tree and will
+detect the presence of hidden water at a distance of fifty feet, and send
+out slender long root-fibres to prospect it.  They will find it; and will
+also get at it even through a cement wall six inches thick.  Once a
+cement water-pipe under ground at Stawell began to gradually reduce its
+output, and finally ceased altogether to deliver water.  Upon examining
+into the matter it was found stopped up, wadded compactly with a mass of
+root-fibres, delicate and hair-like.  How this stuff had gotten into the
+pipe was a puzzle for some little time; finally it was found that it had
+crept in through a crack that was almost invisible to the eye.  A gum
+tree forty feet away had tapped the pipe and was drinking the water.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV.
+
+There is no such thing as "the Queen's English." The property has gone
+into the hands of a joint stock company and we own the bulk of the
+shares!
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Frequently, in Australia, one has cloud-effects of an unfamiliar sort.
+We had this kind of scenery, finely staged, all the way to Ballarat.
+Consequently we saw more sky than country on that journey.  At one time a
+great stretch of the vault was densely flecked with wee ragged-edged
+flakes of painfully white cloud-stuff, all of one shape and size, and
+equidistant apart, with narrow cracks of adorable blue showing between.
+The whole was suggestive of a hurricane of snow-flakes drifting across
+the skies.  By and by these flakes fused themselves together in
+interminable lines, with shady faint hollows between the lines, the long
+satin-surfaced rollers following each other in simulated movement, and
+enchantingly counterfeiting the majestic march of a flowing sea.  Later,
+the sea solidified itself; then gradually broke up its mass into
+innumerable lofty white pillars of about one size, and ranged these
+across the firmament, in receding and fading perspective, in the
+similitude of a stupendous colonnade--a mirage without a doubt flung from
+the far Gates of the Hereafter.
+
+The approaches to Ballarat were beautiful.  The features, great green
+expanses of rolling pasture-land, bisected by eye contenting hedges of
+commingled new-gold and old-gold gorse--and a lovely lake.  One must put
+in the pause, there, to fetch the reader up with a slight jolt, and keep
+him from gliding by without noticing the lake.  One must notice it; for a
+lovely lake is not as common a thing along the railways of Australia as
+are the dry places.  Ninety-two in the shade again, but balmy and
+comfortable, fresh and bracing.  A perfect climate.
+
+Forty-five years ago the site now occupied by the City of Ballarat was a
+sylvan solitude as quiet as Eden and as lovely.  Nobody had ever heard of
+it.  On the 25th of August, 1851, the first great gold-strike made in
+Australia was made here.  The wandering prospectors who made it scraped
+up two pounds and a half of gold the first day-worth $600.  A few days
+later the place was a hive--a town.  The news of the strike spread
+everywhere in a sort of instantaneous way--spread like a flash to the
+very ends of the earth.  A celebrity so prompt and so universal has
+hardly been paralleled in history, perhaps.  It was as if the name
+BALLARAT had suddenly been written on the sky, where all the world could
+read it at once.
+
+The smaller discoveries made in the colony of New South Wales three
+months before had already started emigrants toward Australia; they had
+been coming as a stream, but they came as a flood, now.  A hundred
+thousand people poured into Melbourne from England and other countries in
+a single month, and flocked away to the mines.  The crews of the ships
+that brought them flocked with them; the clerks in the government offices
+followed; so did the cooks, the maids, the coachmen, the butlers, and the
+other domestic servants; so did the carpenters, the smiths, the plumbers,
+the painters, the reporters, the editors, the lawyers, the clients, the
+barkeepers, the bummers, the blacklegs, the thieves, the loose women, the
+grocers, the butchers, the bakers, the doctors, the druggists, the
+nurses; so did the police; even officials of high and hitherto envied
+place threw up their positions and joined the procession.  This roaring
+avalanche swept out of Melbourne and left it desolate, Sunday-like,
+paralyzed, everything at a stand-still, the ships lying idle at anchor,
+all signs of life departed, all sounds stilled save the rasping of the
+cloud-shadows as they scraped across the vacant streets.
+
+That grassy and leafy paradise at Ballarat was soon ripped open, and
+lacerated and scarified and gutted, in the feverish search for its hidden
+riches.  There is nothing like surface-mining to snatch the graces and
+beauties and benignities out of a paradise, and make an odious and
+repulsive spectacle of it.
+
+What fortunes were made!  Immigrants got rich while the ship unloaded and
+reloaded--and went back home for good in the same cabin they had come out
+in!  Not all of them.  Only some.  I saw the others in Ballarat myself,
+forty-five years later--what were left of them by time and death and the
+disposition to rove.  They were young and gay, then; they are patriarchal
+and grave, now; and they do not get excited any more.  They talk of the
+Past.  They live in it.  Their life is a dream, a retrospection.
+
+Ballarat was a great region for "nuggets." No such nuggets were found in
+California as Ballarat produced.  In fact, the Ballarat region has
+yielded the largest ones known to history.  Two of them weighed about 180
+pounds each, and together were worth $90,000.  They were offered to any
+poor person who would shoulder them and carry them away.  Gold was so
+plentiful that it made people liberal like that.
+
+Ballarat was a swarming city of tents in the early days.  Everybody was
+happy, for a time, and apparently prosperous.  Then came trouble.  The
+government swooped down with a mining tax.  And in its worst form, too;
+for it was not a tax upon what the miner had taken out, but upon what he
+was going to take out--if he could find it.  It was a license-tax license
+to work his claim--and it had to be paid before he could begin digging.
+
+Consider the situation.  No business is so uncertain as surface-mining.
+Your claim may be good, and it may be worthless.  It may make you well
+off in a month; and then again you may have to dig and slave for half a
+year, at heavy expense, only to find out at last that the gold is not
+there in cost-paying quantity, and that your time and your hard work have
+been thrown away.  It might be wise policy to advance the miner a monthly
+sum to encourage him to develop the country's riches; but to tax him
+monthly in advance instead--why, such a thing was never dreamed of in
+America.  There, neither the claim itself nor its products, howsoever
+rich or poor, were taxed.
+
+The Ballarat miners protested, petitioned, complained--it was of no use;
+the government held its ground, and went on collecting the tax.  And not
+by pleasant methods, but by ways which must have been very galling to
+free people.  The rumblings of a coming storm began to be audible.
+
+By and by there was a result; and I think it may be called the finest
+thing in Australasian history.  It was a revolution--small in size; but
+great politically; it was a strike for liberty, a struggle for a
+principle, a stand against injustice and oppression.  It was the Barons
+and John, over again; it was Hampden and Ship-Money; it was Concord and
+Lexington; small beginnings, all of them, but all of them great in
+political results, all of them epoch-making.  It is another instance of a
+victory won by a lost battle.  It adds an honorable page to history; the
+people know it and are proud of it.  They keep green the memory of the
+men who fell at the Eureka Stockade, and Peter Lalor has his monument.
+
+The surface-soil of Ballarat was full of gold.  This soil the miners
+ripped and tore and trenched and harried and disembowled, and made it
+yield up its immense treasure.  Then they went down into the earth with
+deep shafts, seeking the gravelly beds of ancient rivers and brooks--and
+found them.  They followed the courses of these streams, and gutted them,
+sending the gravel up in buckets to the upper world, and washing out of
+it its enormous deposits of gold.  The next biggest of the two monster
+nuggets mentioned above came from an old river-channel 180 feet under
+ground.
+
+Finally the quartz lodes were attacked.  That is not poor-man's mining.
+Quartz-mining and milling require capital, and staying-power, and
+patience.  Big companies were formed, and for several decades, now, the
+lodes have been successfully worked, and have yielded great wealth.
+Since the gold discovery in 1853 the Ballarat mines--taking the three
+kinds of mining together--have contributed to the world's pocket
+something over three hundred millions of dollars, which is to say that
+this nearly invisible little spot on the earth's surface has yielded
+about one-fourth as much gold in forty-four years as all California has
+yielded in forty-seven.  The Californian aggregate, from 1848 to 1895,
+inclusive, as reported by the Statistician of the United States Mint, is
+$1,265,215,217.
+
+A citizen told me a curious thing about those mines.  With all my
+experience of mining I had never heard of anything of the sort before.
+The main gold reef runs about north and south--of course for that is the
+custom of a rich gold reef.  At Ballarat its course is between walls of
+slate.  Now the citizen told me that throughout a stretch of twelve miles
+along the reef, the reef is crossed at intervals by a straight black
+streak of a carbonaceous nature--a streak in the slate; a streak no
+thicker than a pencil--and that wherever it crosses the reef you will
+certainly find gold at the junction.  It is called the Indicator.  Thirty
+feet on each side of the Indicator (and down in the slate, of course) is
+a still finer streak--a streak as fine as a pencil mark; and indeed, that
+is its name Pencil Mark.  Whenever you find the Pencil Mark you know that
+thirty feet from it is the Indicator; you measure the distance, excavate,
+find the Indicator, trace it straight to the reef, and sink your shaft;
+your fortune is made, for certain.  If that is true, it is curious.  And
+it is curious anyway.
+
+Ballarat is a town of only 40,000 population; and yet, since it is in
+Australia, it has every essential of an advanced and enlightened big
+city.  This is pure matter of course.  I must stop dwelling upon these
+things.  It is hard to keep from dwelling upon them, though; for it is
+difficult to get away from the surprise of it.  I will let the other
+details go, this time, but I must allow myself to mention that this
+little town has a park of 326 acres; a flower garden of 83 acres, with an
+elaborate and expensive fernery in it and some costly and unusually fine
+statuary; and an artificial lake covering 600 acres, equipped with a
+fleet of 200 shells, small sail boats, and little steam yachts.
+
+At this point I strike out some other praiseful things which I was
+tempted to add.  I do not strike them out because they were not true or
+not well said, but because I find them better said by another man--and a
+man more competent to testify, too, because he belongs on the ground, and
+knows.  I clip them from a chatty speech delivered some years ago by Mr.
+William Little, who was at that time mayor of Ballarat:
+
+     "The language of our citizens, in this as in other parts of
+     Australasia, is mostly healthy Anglo-Saxon, free from Americanisms,
+     vulgarisms, and the conflicting dialects of our Fatherland, and is
+     pure enough to suit a Trench or a Latham.  Our youth, aided by
+     climatic influence, are in point of physique and comeliness
+     unsurpassed in the Sunny South.  Our young men are well ordered; and
+     our maidens, 'not stepping over the bounds of modesty,' are as fair
+     as Psyches, dispensing smiles as charming as November flowers."
+
+The closing clause has the seeming of a rather frosty compliment, but
+that is apparent only, not real.  November is summer-time there.
+
+His compliment to the local purity of the language is warranted.  It is
+quite free from impurities; this is acknowledged far and wide.  As in the
+German Empire all cultivated people claim to speak Hanovarian German, so
+in Australasia all cultivated people claim to speak Ballarat English.
+Even in England this cult has made considerable progress, and now that it
+is favored by the two great Universities, the time is not far away when
+Ballarat English will come into general use among the educated classes of
+Great Britain at large.  Its great merit is, that it is shorter than
+ordinary English--that is, it is more compressed.  At first you have some
+difficulty in understanding it when it is spoken as rapidly as the orator
+whom I have quoted speaks it.  An illustration will show what I mean.
+When he called and I handed him a chair, he bowed and said:
+
+"Q."
+
+Presently, when we were lighting our cigars, he held a match to mine and
+I said:
+
+"Thank you," and he said:
+
+"Km."
+
+Then I saw.  'Q' is the end of the phrase "I thank you" 'Km'  is the end
+of the phrase "You are welcome."  Mr. Little puts no emphasis upon either
+of them, but delivers them so reduced that they hardly have a sound.  All
+Ballarat English is like that, and the effect is very soft and pleasant;
+it takes all the hardness and harshness out of our tongue and gives to it
+a delicate whispery and vanishing cadence which charms the ear like the
+faint rustling of the forest leaves.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV.
+
+"Classic."  A book which people praise and don't read.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+On the rail again--bound for Bendigo.  From diary:
+
+October 23.  Got up at 6, left at 7.30; soon reached Castlemaine, one of
+the rich gold-fields of the early days; waited several hours for a train;
+left at 3.40 and reached Bendigo in an hour.  For comrade, a Catholic
+priest who was better than I was, but didn't seem to know it--a man full
+of graces of the heart, the mind, and the spirit; a lovable man.  He will
+rise.  He will be a bishop some day.  Later an Archbishop.  Later a
+Cardinal.  Finally an Archangel, I hope.  And then he will recall me when
+I say, "Do you remember that trip we made from Ballarat to Bendigo, when
+you were nothing but Father C., and I was nothing to what I am now?"
+It has actually taken nine hours to come from Ballarat to Bendigo.  We
+could have saved seven by walking.  However, there was no hurry.
+
+Bendigo was another of the rich strikes of the early days.  It does a
+great quartz-mining business, now--that business which, more than any
+other that I know of, teaches patience, and requires grit and a steady
+nerve.  The town is full of towering chimney-stacks, and hoisting-works,
+and looks like a petroleum-city.  Speaking of patience; for example, one
+of the local companies went steadily on with its deep borings and
+searchings without show of gold or a penny of reward for eleven years
+--then struck it, and became suddenly rich.  The eleven years' work had
+cost $55,000, and the first gold found was a grain the size of a pin's
+head.  It is kept under locks and bars, as a precious thing, and is
+reverently shown to the visitor, "hats off."  When I saw it I had not
+heard its history.
+
+"It is gold.  Examine it--take the glass.  Now how much should you say it
+is worth?"
+
+I said:
+
+"I should say about two cents; or in your English dialect, four
+farthings."
+
+"Well, it cost L11,000."
+
+"Oh, come!"
+
+"Yes, it did.  Ballarat and Bendigo have produced the three monumental
+nuggets of the world, and this one is the monumentalest one of the three.
+The other two represent 19,000 a piece; this one a couple of thousand
+more.  It is small, and not much to look at, but it is entitled to (its)
+name--Adam.  It is the Adam-nugget of this mine, and its children run up
+into the millions."
+
+Speaking of patience again, another of the mines was worked, under heavy
+expenses, during 17 years before pay was struck, and still another one
+compelled a wait of 21 years before pay was struck; then, in both
+instances, the outlay was all back in a year or two, with compound
+interest.
+
+Bendigo has turned out even more gold than Ballarat.  The two together
+have produced $650,000,000 worth--which is half as much as California has
+produced.
+
+It was through Mr. Blank--not to go into particulars about his name--it
+was mainly through Mr. Blank that my stay in Bendigo was made memorably
+pleasant and interesting.  He explained this to me himself.  He told me
+that it was through his influence that the city government invited me to
+the town-hall to hear complimentary speeches and respond to them; that it
+was through his influence that I had been taken on a long pleasure-drive
+through the city and shown its notable features; that it was through his
+influence that I was invited to visit the great mines; that it was
+through his influence that I was taken to the hospital and allowed to see
+the convalescent Chinaman who had been attacked at midnight in his lonely
+hut eight weeks before by robbers, and stabbed forty-six times and
+scalped besides; that it was through his influence that when I arrived
+this awful spectacle of piecings and patchings and bandagings was sitting
+up in his cot letting on to read one of my books; that it was through his
+influence that efforts had been made to get the Catholic Archbishop of
+Bendigo to invite me to dinner; that it was through his influence that
+efforts had been made to get the Anglican Bishop of Bendigo to ask me to
+supper; that it was through his influence that the dean of the editorial
+fraternity had driven me through the woodsy outlying country and shown
+me, from the summit of Lone Tree Hill, the mightiest and loveliest
+expanse of forest-clad mountain and valley that I had seen in all
+Australia.  And when he asked me what had most impressed me in Bendigo
+and I answered and said it was the taste and the public spirit which had
+adorned the streets with 105 miles of shade trees, he said that it was
+through his influence that it had been done.
+
+But I am not representing him quite correctly.  He did not say it was
+through his influence that all these things had happened--for that would
+have been coarse; be merely conveyed that idea; conveyed it so subtly
+that I only caught it fleetingly, as one catches vagrant faint breaths of
+perfume when one traverses the meadows in summer; conveyed it without
+offense and without any suggestion of egoism or ostentation--but conveyed
+it, nevertheless.
+
+He was an Irishman; an educated gentleman; grave, and kindly, and
+courteous; a bachelor, and about forty-five or possibly fifty years old,
+apparently.  He called upon me at the hotel, and it was there that we had
+this talk.  He made me like him, and did it without trouble.  This was
+partly through his winning and gentle ways, but mainly through the
+amazing familiarity with my books which his conversation showed.  He was
+down to date with them, too; and if he had made them the study of his
+life he could hardly have been better posted as to their contents than he
+was.  He made me better satisfied with myself than I had ever been
+before.  It was plain that he had a deep fondness for humor, yet he never
+laughed; he never even chuckled; in fact, humor could not win to outward
+expression on his face at all.  No, he was always grave--tenderly,
+pensively grave; but he made me laugh, all along; and this was very
+trying--and very pleasant at the same time--for it was at quotations from
+my own books.
+
+When he was going, he turned and said:
+
+"You don't remember me?"
+
+"I?  Why, no.  Have we met before?"
+
+"No, it was a matter of correspondence."
+
+"Correspondence?"
+
+"Yes, many years ago.  Twelve or fifteen.  Oh, longer than that.  But of
+course you----"  A musing pause.  Then he said:
+
+"Do you remember Corrigan Castle?"
+
+"N-no, I believe I don't.  I don't seem to recall the name."
+
+He waited a moment, pondering, with the door-knob in his hand, then
+started out; but turned back and said that I had once been interested in
+Corrigan Castle, and asked me if I would go with him to his quarters in
+the evening and take a hot Scotch and talk it over.  I was a teetotaler
+and liked relaxation, so I said I would.
+
+We drove from the lecture-hall together about half-past ten.  He had a
+most comfortably and tastefully furnished parlor, with good pictures on
+the walls, Indian and Japanese ornaments on the mantel, and here and
+there, and books everywhere-largely mine; which made me proud.  The light
+was brilliant, the easy chairs were deep-cushioned, the arrangements for
+brewing and smoking were all there.  We brewed and lit up; then he passed
+a sheet of note-paper to me and said--
+
+"Do you remember that?"
+
+"Oh, yes, indeed!"
+
+The paper was of a sumptuous quality.  At the top was a twisted and
+interlaced monogram printed from steel dies in gold and blue and red, in
+the ornate English fashion of long years ago; and under it, in neat
+gothic capitals was this--printed in blue:
+
+                          THE MARK TWAIN CLUB
+                            CORRIGAN CASTLE
+                           ............187..
+
+"My!" said I, "how did you come by this?"
+
+"I was President of it."
+
+"No!--you don't mean it."
+
+"It is true.  I was its first President.  I was re-elected annually as
+long as its meetings were held in my castle--Corrigan--which was five
+years."
+
+Then he showed me an album with twenty-three photographs of me in it.
+Five of them were of old dates, the others of various later crops; the
+list closed with a picture taken by Falk in Sydney a month before.
+
+"You sent us the first five; the rest were bought."
+
+This was paradise!  We ran late, and talked, talked, talked--subject, the
+Mark Twain Club of Corrigan Castle, Ireland.
+
+My first knowledge of that Club dates away back; all of twenty years, I
+should say.  It came to me in the form of a courteous letter, written on
+the note-paper which I have described, and signed "By order of the
+President; C. PEMBROKE, Secretary."  It conveyed the fact that the Club
+had been created in my honor, and added the hope that this token of
+appreciation of my work would meet with my approval.
+
+I answered, with thanks; and did what I could to keep my gratification
+from over-exposure.
+
+It was then that the long correspondence began.  A letter came back, by
+order of the President, furnishing me the names of the members-thirty-two
+in number.  With it came a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws, in
+pamphlet form, and artistically printed.  The initiation fee and dues
+were in their proper place; also, schedule of meetings--monthly--for
+essays upon works of mine, followed by discussions; quarterly for
+business and a supper, without essays, but with after-supper speeches
+also, there was a list of the officers: President, Vice-President,
+Secretary, Treasurer, etc.  The letter was brief, but it was pleasant
+reading, for it told me about the strong interest which the membership
+took in their new venture, etc., etc.  It also asked me for a photograph
+--a special one.  I went down and sat for it and sent it--with a letter,
+of course.
+
+Presently came the badge of the Club, and very dainty and pretty it was;
+and very artistic.  It was a frog peeping out from a graceful tangle of
+grass-sprays and rushes, and was done in enamels on a gold basis, and had
+a gold pin back of it.  After I had petted it, and played with it, and
+caressed it, and enjoyed it a couple of hours, the light happened to fall
+upon it at a new angle, and revealed to me a cunning new detail; with the
+light just right, certain delicate shadings of the grass-blades and
+rush-stems wove themselves into a monogram--mine!  You can see that that
+jewel was a work of art.  And when you come to consider the intrinsic
+value of it, you must concede that it is not every literary club that
+could afford a badge like that.  It was easily worth $75, in the opinion
+of Messrs. Marcus and Ward of New York.  They said they could not
+duplicate it for that and make a profit.  By this time the Club was well
+under way; and from that time forth its secretary kept my off-hours well
+supplied with business.  He reported the Club's discussions of my books
+with laborious fullness, and did his work with great spirit and ability.
+As a, rule, he synopsized; but when a speech was especially brilliant, he
+short-handed it and gave me the best passages from it, written out.
+There were five speakers whom he particularly favored in that way:
+Palmer, Forbes, Naylor, Norris, and Calder.  Palmer and Forbes could
+never get through a speech without attacking each other, and each in his
+own way was formidably effective--Palmer in virile and eloquent abuse,
+Forbes in courtly and elegant but scalding satire.  I could always tell
+which of them was talking without looking for his name.  Naylor had a
+polished style and a happy knack at felicitous metaphor; Norris's style
+was wholly without ornament, but enviably compact, lucid, and strong.
+But after all, Calder was the gem.  He never spoke when sober, he spoke
+continuously when he wasn't.  And certainly they were the drunkest
+speeches that a man ever uttered.  They were full of good things, but so
+incredibly mixed up and wandering that it made one's head swim to follow
+him.  They were not intended to be funny, but they were,--funny for the
+very gravity which the speaker put into his flowing miracles of
+incongruity.  In the course of five years I came to know the styles of
+the five orators as well as I knew the style of any speaker in my own
+club at home.
+
+These reports came every month.  They were written on foolscap, 600 words
+to the page, and usually about twenty-five pages in a report--a good
+15,000 words, I should say,--a solid week's work.  The reports were
+absorbingly entertaining, long as they were; but, unfortunately for me,
+they did not come alone.  They were always accompanied by a lot of
+questions about passages and purposes in my books, which the Club wanted
+answered; and additionally accompanied every quarter by the Treasurer's
+report, and the Auditor's report, and the Committee's report, and the
+President's review, and my opinion of these was always desired; also
+suggestions for the good of the Club, if any occurred to me.
+
+By and by I came to dread those things; and this dread grew and grew and
+grew; grew until I got to anticipating them with a cold horror.  For I
+was an indolent man, and not fond of letter-writing, and whenever these
+things came I had to put everything by and sit down--for my own peace of
+mind--and dig and dig until I got something out of my head which would
+answer for a reply.  I got along fairly well the first year; but for the
+succeeding four years the Mark Twain Club of Corrigan Castle was my
+curse, my nightmare, the grief and misery of my life.  And I got so, so
+sick of sitting for photographs.  I sat every year for five years, trying
+to satisfy that insatiable organization.  Then at last I rose in revolt.
+I could endure my oppressions no longer.  I pulled my fortitude together
+and tore off my chains, and was a free man again, and happy.  From that
+day I burned the secretary's fat envelopes the moment they arrived, and
+by and by they ceased to come.
+
+Well, in the sociable frankness of that night in Bendigo I brought this
+all out in full confession.  Then Mr. Blank came out in the same frank
+way, and with a preliminary word of gentle apology said that he was the
+Mark Twain Club, and the only member it had ever had!
+
+Why, it was matter for anger, but I didn't feel any.  He said he never
+had to work for a living, and that by the time he was thirty life had
+become a bore and a weariness to him.  He had no interests left; they had
+paled and perished, one by one, and left him desolate.  He had begun to
+think of suicide.  Then all of a sudden he thought of that happy idea of
+starting an imaginary club, and went straightway to work at it, with
+enthusiasm and love.  He was charmed with it; it gave him something to
+do.  It elaborated itself on his hands;--it became twenty times more
+complex and formidable than was his first rude draft of it.  Every new
+addition to his original plan which cropped up in his mind gave him a
+fresh interest and a new pleasure.  He designed the Club badge himself,
+and worked over it, altering and improving it, a number of days and
+nights; then sent to London and had it made.  It was the only one that
+was made.  It was made for me; the "rest of the Club" went without.
+
+He invented the thirty-two members and their names.  He invented the five
+favorite speakers and their five separate styles.  He invented their
+speeches, and reported them himself.  He would have kept that Club going
+until now, if I hadn't deserted, he said.  He said he worked like a slave
+over those reports; each of them cost him from a week to a fortnight's
+work, and the work gave him pleasure and kept him alive and willing to be
+alive.  It was a bitter blow to him when the Club died.
+
+Finally, there wasn't any Corrigan Castle.  He had invented that, too.
+
+It was wonderful--the whole thing; and altogether the most ingenious and
+laborious and cheerful and painstaking practical joke I have ever heard
+of.  And I liked it; liked to bear him tell about it; yet I have been a
+hater of practical jokes from as long back as I can remember.  Finally he
+said--
+
+"Do you remember a note from Melbourne fourteen or fifteen years ago,
+telling about your lecture tour in Australia, and your death and burial
+in Melbourne?--a note from Henry Bascomb, of Bascomb Hall, Upper
+Holywell Hants."
+
+"Yes."
+
+"I wrote it."
+
+"M-y-word!"
+
+"Yes, I did it.  I don't know why.  I just took the notion, and carried
+it out without stopping to think.  It was wrong.  It could have done
+harm.  I was always sorry about it afterward.  You must forgive me.  I
+was Mr. Bascom's guest on his yacht, on his voyage around the world.  He
+often spoke of you, and of the pleasant times you had had together in his
+home; and the notion took me, there in Melbourne, and I imitated his
+hand, and wrote the letter."
+
+So the mystery was cleared up, after so many, many years.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI.
+
+There are people who can do all fine and heroic things but one! keep
+from telling their happinesses to the unhappy.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+After visits to Maryborough and some other Australian towns, we presently
+took passage for New Zealand.  If it would not look too much like showing
+off, I would tell the reader where New Zealand is; for he is as I was; he
+thinks he knows.  And he thinks he knows where Hertzegovina is; and how
+to pronounce pariah; and how to use the word unique without exposing
+himself to the derision of the dictionary.  But in truth, he knows none
+of these things.  There are but four or five people in the world who
+possess this knowledge, and these make their living out of it.  They
+travel from place to place, visiting literary assemblages, geographical
+societies, and seats of learning, and springing sudden bets that these
+people do not know these things.  Since all people think they know them,
+they are an easy prey to these adventurers.  Or rather they were an easy
+prey until the law interfered, three months ago, and a New York court
+decided that this kind of gambling is illegal, "because it traverses
+Article IV, Section 9, of the Constitution of the United States, which
+forbids betting on a sure thing."  This decision was rendered by the full
+Bench of the New York Supreme Court, after a test sprung upon the court
+by counsel for the prosecution, which showed that none of the nine Judges
+was able to answer any of the four questions.
+
+All people think that New Zealand is close to Australia or Asia, or
+somewhere, and that you cross to it on a bridge.  But that is not so.  It
+is not close to anything, but lies by itself, out in the water.  It is
+nearest to Australia, but still not near.  The gap between is very wide.
+It will be a surprise to the reader, as it was to me, to learn that the
+distance from Australia to New Zealand is really twelve or thirteen
+hundred miles, and that there is no bridge.  I learned this from
+Professor X., of Yale University, whom I met in the steamer on the great
+lakes when I was crossing the continent to sail across the Pacific.  I
+asked him about New Zealand, in order to make conversation.  I supposed
+he would generalize a little without compromising himself, and then turn
+the subject to something he was acquainted with, and my object would then
+be attained; the ice would be broken, and we could go smoothly on, and
+get acquainted, and have a pleasant time.  But, to my surprise, he was
+not only not embarrassed by my question, but seemed to welcome it, and to
+take a distinct interest in it.  He began to talk--fluently, confidently,
+comfortably; and as he talked, my admiration grew and grew; for as the
+subject developed under his hands, I saw that he not only knew where New
+Zealand was, but that he was minutely familiar with every detail of its
+history, politics, religions, and commerce, its fauna, flora, geology,
+products, and climatic peculiarities.  When he was done, I was lost in
+wonder and admiration, and said to myself, he knows everything; in the
+domain of human knowledge he is king.
+
+I wanted to see him do more miracles; and so, just for the pleasure of
+hearing him answer, I asked him about Hertzegovina, and pariah, and
+unique.  But he began to generalize then, and show distress.  I saw that
+with New Zealand gone, he was a Samson shorn of his locks; he was as
+other men.  This was a curious and interesting mystery, and I was frank
+with him, and asked him to explain it.
+
+He tried to avoid it at first; but then laughed and said that after all,
+the matter was not worth concealment, so he would let me into the secret.
+In substance, this is his story:
+
+"Last autumn I was at work one morning at home, when a card came up--the
+card of a stranger.  Under the name was printed a line which showed that
+this visitor was Professor of Theological Engineering in Wellington
+University, New Zealand.  I was troubled--troubled, I mean, by the
+shortness of the notice.  College etiquette required that he be at once
+invited to dinner by some member of the Faculty--invited to dine on that
+day--not, put off till a subsequent day.  I did not quite know what to
+do.  College etiquette requires, in the case of a foreign guest, that the
+dinner-talk shall begin with complimentary references to his country, its
+great men, its services to civilization, its seats of learning, and
+things like that; and of course the host is responsible, and must either
+begin this talk himself or see that it is done by some one else.  I was
+in great difficulty; and the more I searched my memory, the more my
+trouble grew.  I found that I knew nothing about New Zealand.  I thought
+I knew where it was, and that was all.  I had an impression that it was
+close to Australia, or Asia, or somewhere, and that one went over to it
+on a bridge.  This might turn out to be incorrect; and even if correct,
+it would not furnish matter enough for the purpose at the dinner, and I
+should expose my College to shame before my guest; he would see that I, a
+member of the Faculty of the first University in America, was wholly
+ignorant of his country, and he would go away and tell this, and laugh at
+it.  The thought of it made my face burn.
+
+"I sent for my wife and told her how I was situated, and asked for her
+help, and she thought of a thing which I might have thought of myself, if
+I had not been excited and worried.  She said she would go and tell the
+visitor that I was out but would be in in a few minutes; and she would
+talk, and keep him busy while I got out the back way and hurried over and
+make Professor Lawson give the dinner.  For Lawson knew everything, and
+could meet the guest in a creditable way and save the reputation of the
+University.  I ran to Lawson, but was disappointed.  He did not know
+anything about New Zealand.  He said that, as far as his recollection
+went it was close to Australia, or Asia, or somewhere, and you go over to
+it on a bridge; but that was all he knew.  It was too bad.  Lawson was a
+perfect encyclopedia of abstruse learning; but now in this hour of our
+need, it turned out that he did not know any useful thing.
+
+"We consulted.  He saw that the reputation of the University was in very
+real peril, and he walked the floor in anxiety, talking, and trying to
+think out some way to meet the difficulty.  Presently he decided that we
+must try the rest of the Faculty--some of them might know about New
+Zealand.  So we went to the telephone and called up the professor of
+astronomy and asked him, and he said that all he knew was, that it was
+close to Australia, or Asia, or somewhere, and you went over to it on----
+
+"We shut him off and called up the professor of biology, and he said that
+all he knew was that it was close to Aus----.
+
+"We shut him off, and sat down, worried and disheartened, to see if we
+could think up some other scheme.  We shortly hit upon one which promised
+well, and this one we adopted, and set its machinery going at once.  It
+was this.  Lawson must give the dinner.  The Faculty must be notified by
+telephone to prepare.  We must all get to work diligently, and at the end
+of eight hours and a half we must come to dinner acquainted with New
+Zealand; at least well enough informed to appear without discredit before
+this native.  To seem properly intelligent we should have to know about
+New Zealand's population, and politics, and form of government, and
+commerce, and taxes, and products, and ancient history, and modern
+history, and varieties of religion, and nature of the laws, and their
+codification, and amount of revenue, and whence drawn, and methods of
+collection, and percentage of loss, and character of climate, and--well,
+a lot of things like that; we must suck the maps and cyclopedias dry.
+And while we posted up in this way, the Faculty's wives must flock over,
+one after the other, in a studiedly casual way, and help my wife keep the
+New Zealander quiet, and not let him get out and come interfering with
+our studies.  The scheme worked admirably; but it stopped business,
+stopped it entirely.
+
+"It is in the official log-book of Yale, to be read and wondered at by
+future generations--the account of the Great Blank Day--the memorable
+Blank Day--the day wherein the wheels of culture were stopped, a Sunday
+silence prevailed all about, and the whole University stood still while
+the Faculty read-up and qualified itself to sit at meat, without shame,
+in the presence of the Professor of Theological Engineering from New
+Zealand:
+
+"When we assembled at the dinner we were miserably tired and worn--but we
+were posted.  Yes, it is fair to claim that.  In fact, erudition is a
+pale name for it.  New Zealand was the only subject; and it was just
+beautiful to hear us ripple it out.  And with such an air of
+unembarrassed ease, and unostentatious familiarity with detail, and
+trained and seasoned mastery of the subject-and oh, the grace and fluency
+of it!
+
+"Well, finally somebody happened to notice that the guest was looking
+dazed, and wasn't saying anything.  So they stirred him up, of course.
+Then that man came out with a good, honest, eloquent compliment that made
+the Faculty blush.  He said he was not worthy to sit in the company of
+men like these; that he had been silent from admiration; that he had been
+silent from another cause also--silent from shame--silent from ignorance!
+'For,' said he, 'I, who have lived eighteen years in New Zealand and have
+served five in a professorship, and ought to know much about that
+country, perceive, now, that I know almost nothing about it.  I say it
+with shame, that I have learned fifty times, yes, a hundred times more
+about New Zealand in these two hours at this table than I ever knew
+before in all the eighteen years put together.  I was silent because I
+could not help myself.  What I knew about taxes, and policies, and laws,
+and revenue, and products, and history, and all that multitude of things,
+was but general, and ordinary, and vague-unscientific, in a word--and it
+would have been insanity to expose it here to the searching glare of your
+amazingly accurate and all-comprehensive knowledge of those matters,
+gentlemen.  I beg you to let me sit silent--as becomes me.  But do not
+change the subject; I can at least follow you, in this one; whereas if
+you change to one which shall call out the full strength of your mighty
+erudition, I shall be as one lost.  If you know all this about a remote
+little inconsequent patch like New Zealand, ah, what wouldn't you know
+about any other Subject!'"
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIL
+
+Man is the Only Animal that Blushes.  Or needs to.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The universal brotherhood of man is our most precious possession, what
+there is of it.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+FROM DIARY:
+
+November 1--noon.   A fine day, a brilliant sun.  Warm in the sun, cold
+in the shade--an icy breeze blowing out of the south.  A solemn long
+swell rolling up northward.  It comes from the South Pole, with nothing
+in the way to obstruct its march and tone its energy down.  I have read
+somewhere that an acute observer among the early explorers--Cook? or
+Tasman?--accepted this majestic swell as trustworthy circumstantial
+evidence that no important land lay to the southward, and so did not
+waste time on a useless quest in that direction, but changed his course
+and went searching elsewhere.
+
+Afternoon.   Passing between Tasmania (formerly Van Diemen's Land) and
+neighboring islands--islands whence the poor exiled Tasmanian savages
+used to gaze at their lost homeland and cry; and die of broken hearts.
+How glad I am that all these native races are dead and gone, or nearly
+so.  The work was mercifully swift and horrible in some portions of
+Australia.  As far as Tasmania is concerned, the extermination was
+complete: not a native is left.  It was a strife of years, and decades of
+years.  The Whites and the Blacks hunted each other, ambushed each other,
+butchered each other.  The Blacks were not numerous.  But they were wary,
+alert, cunning, and they knew their country well.  They lasted a long
+time, few as they were, and inflicted much slaughter upon the Whites.
+
+The Government wanted to save the Blacks from ultimate extermination, if
+possible.  One of its schemes was to capture them and coop them up, on a
+neighboring island, under guard.  Bodies of Whites volunteered for the
+hunt, for the pay was good--L5 for each Black captured and delivered, but
+the success achieved was not very satisfactory.  The Black was naked, and
+his body was greased.  It was hard to get a grip on him that would hold.
+The Whites moved about in armed bodies, and surprised little families of
+natives, and did make captures; but it was suspected that in these
+surprises half a dozen natives were killed to one caught--and that was
+not what the Government desired.
+
+Another scheme was to drive the natives into a corner of the island and
+fence them in by a cordon of men placed in line across the country; but
+the natives managed to slip through, constantly, and continue their
+murders and arsons.
+
+The governor warned these unlettered savages by printed proclamation that
+they must stay in the desolate region officially appointed for them!  The
+proclamation was a dead letter; the savages could not read it.  Afterward
+a picture-proclamation was issued.  It was painted up on boards, and
+these were nailed to trees in the forest.  Herewith is a photographic
+reproduction of this fashion-plate.  Substantially it means:
+
+1.  The Governor wishes the Whites and the Blacks to love each other;
+
+2.  He loves his black subjects;
+
+3.  Blacks who kill Whites will be hanged;
+
+4.  Whites who kill Blacks will be hanged.
+
+Upon its several schemes the Government spent L30,000 and employed the
+labors and ingenuities of several thousand Whites for a long time with
+failure as a result.  Then, at last, a quarter of a century after the
+beginning of the troubles between the two races, the right man was found.
+No, he found himself.  This was George Augustus Robinson, called in
+history "The Conciliator."  He was not educated, and not conspicuous in
+any way.  He was a working bricklayer, in Hobart Town.  But he must have
+been an amazing personality; a man worth traveling far to see.  It may be
+his counterpart appears in history, but I do not know where to look for
+it.
+
+He set himself this incredible task: to go out into the wilderness, the
+jungle, and the mountain-retreats where the hunted and implacable savages
+were hidden, and appear among them unarmed, speak the language of love
+and of kindness to them, and persuade them to forsake their homes and the
+wild free life that was so dear to them, and go with him and surrender to
+the hated Whites and live under their watch and ward, and upon their
+charity the rest of their lives!  On its face it was the dream of a
+madman.
+
+In the beginning, his moral-suasion project was sarcastically dubbed the
+sugar plum speculation.  If the scheme was striking, and new to the
+world's experience, the situation was not less so.  It was this.  The
+White population numbered 40,000 in 1831; the Black population numbered
+three hundred.  Not 300 warriors, but 300 men, women, and children.  The
+Whites were armed with guns, the Blacks with clubs and spears.  The
+Whites had fought the Blacks for a quarter of a century, and had tried
+every thinkable way to capture, kill, or subdue them; and could not do
+it.  If white men of any race could have done it, these would have
+accomplished it.  But every scheme had failed, the splendid 300, the
+matchless 300 were unconquered, and manifestly unconquerable.  They would
+not yield, they would listen to no terms, they would fight to the bitter
+end.  Yet they had no poet to keep up their heart, and sing the marvel of
+their magnificent patriotism.
+
+At the end of five-and-twenty years of hard fighting, the surviving 300
+naked patriots were still defiant, still persistent, still efficacious
+with their rude weapons, and the Governor and the 40,000 knew not which
+way to turn, nor what to do.
+
+Then the Bricklayer--that wonderful man--proposed to go out into the
+wilderness, with no weapon but his tongue, and no protection but his
+honest eye and his humane heart; and track those embittered savages to
+their lairs in the gloomy forests and among the mountain snows.
+Naturally, he was considered a crank.  But he was not quite that.  In
+fact, he was a good way short of that.  He was building upon his long and
+intimate knowledge of the native character.  The deriders of his project
+were right--from their standpoint--for they believed the natives to be
+mere wild beasts; and Robinson was right, from his standpoint--for he
+believed the natives to be human beings.  The truth did really lie
+between the two.  The event proved that Robinson's judgment was soundest;
+but about once a month for four years the event came near to giving the
+verdict to the deriders, for about that frequently Robinson barely
+escaped falling under the native spears.
+
+But history shows that he had a thinking head, and was not a mere wild
+sentimentalist.  For instance, he wanted the war parties (called) in
+before he started unarmed upon his mission of peace.  He wanted the best
+chance of success--not a half-chance.  And he was very willing to have
+help; and so, high rewards were advertised, for any who would go unarmed
+with him.  This opportunity was declined.  Robinson persuaded some tamed
+natives of both sexes to go with him--a strong evidence of his persuasive
+powers, for those natives well knew that their destruction would be
+almost certain.  As it turned out, they had to face death over and over
+again.
+
+Robinson and his little party had a difficult undertaking upon their
+hands.  They could not ride off, horseback, comfortably into the woods
+and call Leonidas and his 300 together for a talk and a treaty the
+following day; for the wild men were not in a body; they were scattered,
+immense distances apart, over regions so desolate that even the birds
+could not make a living with the chances offered--scattered in groups of
+twenty, a dozen, half a dozen, even in groups of three.  And the mission
+must go on foot.  Mr. Bonwick furnishes a description of those horrible
+regions, whereby it will be seen that even fugitive gangs of the hardiest
+and choicest human devils the world has seen--the convicts set apart to
+people the "Hell of Macquarrie Harbor Station"--were never able, but
+once, to survive the horrors of a march through them, but starving and
+struggling, and fainting and failing, ate each other, and died:
+
+"Onward, still onward, was the order of the indomitable Robinson.  No one
+ignorant of the western country of Tasmania can form a correct idea of
+the traveling difficulties.  While I was resident in Hobart Town, the
+Governor, Sir John Franklin, and his lady, undertook the western journey
+to Macquarrie Harbor, and suffered terribly.  One man who assisted to
+carry her ladyship through the swamps, gave me his bitter experience of
+its miseries.  Several were disabled for life.  No wonder that but one
+party, escaping from Macquarrie Harbor convict settlement, arrived at the
+civilized region in safety.  Men perished in the scrub, were lost in
+snow, or were devoured by their companions.  This was the territory
+traversed by Mr. Robinson and his Black guides.  All honor to his
+intrepidity, and their wonderful fidelity!  When they had, in the depth
+of winter, to cross deep and rapid rivers, pass among mountains six
+thousand feet high, pierce dangerous thickets, and find food in a country
+forsaken even by birds, we can realize their hardships.
+
+"After a frightful journey by Cradle Mountain, and over the lofty plateau
+of Middlesex Plains, the travelers experienced unwonted misery, and the
+circumstances called forth the best qualities of the noble little band.
+Mr. Robinson wrote afterwards to Mr. Secretary Burnett some details of
+this passage of horrors.  In that letter, of Oct 2, 1834, he states that
+his Natives were very reluctant to go over the dreadful mountain passes;
+that 'for seven successive days we continued traveling over one solid
+body of snow;'  that 'the snows were of incredible depth;'  that 'the
+Natives were frequently up to their middle in snow.'  But still the
+ill-clad, ill-fed, diseased, and way-worn men and women were sustained by
+the cheerful voice of their unconquerable friend, and responded most
+nobly to his call."
+
+Mr. Bonwick says that Robinson's friendly capture of the Big River tribe
+remember, it was a whole tribe--"was by far the grandest feature of the
+war, and the crowning glory of his efforts." The word "war" was not well
+chosen, and is misleading.  There was war still, but only the Blacks were
+conducting it--the Whites were holding off until Robinson could give his
+scheme a fair trial.  I think that we are to understand that the friendly
+capture of that tribe was by far the most important thing, the highest in
+value, that happened during the whole thirty years of truceless
+hostilities; that it was a decisive thing, a peaceful Waterloo, the
+surrender of the native Napoleon and his dreaded forces, the happy ending
+of the long strife.  For "that tribe was the terror of the colony," its
+chief "the Black Douglas of Bush households."
+
+Robinson knew that these formidable people were lurking somewhere, in
+some remote corner of the hideous regions just described, and he and his
+unarmed little party started on a tedious and perilous hunt for them.  At
+last, "there, under the shadows of the Frenchman's Cap, whose grim cone
+rose five thousand feet in the uninhabited westward interior," they were
+found.  It was a serious moment.  Robinson himself believed, for once,
+that his mission, successful until now, was to end here in failure, and
+that his own death-hour had struck.
+
+The redoubtable chief stood in menacing attitude, with his eighteen-foot
+spear poised; his warriors stood massed at his back, armed for battle,
+their faces eloquent with their long-cherished loathing for white men.
+"They rattled their spears and shouted their war-cry."  Their women were
+back of them, laden with supplies of weapons, and keeping their 150 eager
+dogs quiet until the chief should give the signal to fall on.
+
+"I think we shall soon be in the resurrection," whispered a member of
+Robinson's little party.
+
+"I think we shall," answered Robinson; then plucked up heart and began
+his persuasions--in the tribe's own dialect, which surprised and pleased
+the chief.  Presently there was an interruption by the chief:
+
+"Who are you?"
+
+"We are gentlemen."
+
+"Where are your guns?"
+
+"We have none."
+
+The warrior was astonished.
+
+"Where your little guns?" (pistols).
+
+"We have none."
+
+A few minutes passed--in by-play--suspense--discussion among the
+tribesmen--Robinson's tamed squaws ventured to cross the line and begin
+persuasions upon the wild squaws.  Then the chief stepped back "to confer
+with the old women--the real arbiters of savage war."  Mr. Bonwick
+continues:
+
+     "As the fallen gladiator in the arena looks for the signal of life
+     or death from the president of the amphitheatre, so waited our
+     friends in anxious suspense while the conference continued.  In a
+     few minutes, before a word was uttered, the women of the tribe threw
+     up their arms three times.  This was the inviolable sign of peace!
+     Down fell the spears.  Forward, with a heavy sigh of relief, and
+     upward glance of gratitude, came the friends of peace.  The
+     impulsive natives rushed forth with tears and cries, as each saw in
+     the other's rank a loved one of the past.
+
+     "It was a jubilee of joy.  A festival followed.  And, while tears
+     flowed at the recital of woe, a corrobory of pleasant laughter
+     closed the eventful day."
+
+In four years, without the spilling of a drop of blood, Robinson brought
+them all in, willing captives, and delivered them to the white governor,
+and ended the war which powder and bullets, and thousands of men to use
+them, had prosecuted without result since 1804.
+
+Marsyas charming the wild beasts with his music--that is fable; but the
+miracle wrought by Robinson is fact.  It is history--and authentic; and
+surely, there is nothing greater, nothing more reverence-compelling in
+the history of any country, ancient or modern.
+
+And in memory of the greatest man Australasia ever developed or ever will
+develop, there is a stately monument to George Augustus Robinson, the
+Conciliator in--no, it is to another man, I forget his name.
+
+However, Robertson's own generation honored him, and in manifesting it
+honored themselves.  The Government gave him a money-reward and a
+thousand acres of land; and the people held mass-meetings and praised him
+and emphasized their praise with a large subscription of money.
+
+A good dramatic situation; but the curtain fell on another:
+
+     "When this desperate tribe was thus captured, there was much
+     surprise to find that the L30,000 of a little earlier day had been
+     spent, and the whole population of the colony placed under arms, in
+     contention with an opposing force of sixteen men with wooden spears!
+     Yet such was the fact.  The celebrated Big River tribe, that had
+     been raised by European fears to a host, consisted of sixteen men,
+     nine women, and one child.  With a knowledge of the mischief done by
+     these few, their wonderful marches and their widespread aggressions,
+     their enemies cannot deny to them the attributes of courage and
+     military tact.  A Wallace might harass a large army with a small and
+     determined band; but the contending parties were at least equal in
+     arms and civilization.  The Zulus who fought us in Africa, the
+     Maories in New Zealand, the Arabs in the Soudan, were far better
+     provided with weapons, more advanced in the science of war, and
+     considerably more numerous, than the naked Tasmanians.  Governor
+     Arthur rightly termed them a noble race."
+
+These were indeed wonderful people, the natives.  They ought not to have
+been wasted.  They should have been crossed with the Whites.  It would
+have improved the Whites and done the Natives no harm.
+
+But the Natives were wasted, poor heroic wild creatures.  They were
+gathered together in little settlements on neighboring islands, and
+paternally cared for by the Government, and instructed in religion, and
+deprived of tobacco, because the superintendent of the Sunday-school was
+not a smoker, and so considered smoking immoral.
+
+The Natives were not used to clothes, and houses, and regular hours, and
+church, and school, and Sunday-school, and work, and the other misplaced
+persecutions of civilization, and they pined for their lost home and
+their wild free life.  Too late they repented that they had traded that
+heaven for this hell.  They sat homesick on their alien crags, and day by
+day gazed out through their tears over the sea with unappeasable longing
+toward the hazy bulk which was the specter of what had been their
+paradise; one by one their hearts broke and they died.
+
+In a very few years nothing but a scant remnant remained alive.  A
+handful lingered along into age.  In 1864 the last man died, in 1876 the
+last woman died, and the Spartans of Australasia were extinct.
+
+The Whites always mean well when they take human fish out of the ocean
+and try to make them dry and warm and happy and comfortable in a chicken
+coop; but the kindest-hearted white man can always be depended on to
+prove himself inadequate when he deals with savages.  He cannot turn the
+situation around and imagine how he would like it to have a well-meaning
+savage transfer him from his house and his church and his clothes and his
+books and his choice food to a hideous wilderness of sand and rocks and
+snow, and ice and sleet and storm and blistering sun, with no shelter, no
+bed, no covering for his and his family's naked bodies, and nothing to
+eat but snakes and grubs and 'offal.  This would be a hell to him; and if
+he had any wisdom he would know that his own civilization is a hell to
+the savage--but he hasn't any, and has never had any; and for lack of it
+he shut up those poor natives in the unimaginable perdition of his
+civilization, committing his crime with the very best intentions, and saw
+those poor creatures waste away under his tortures; and gazed at it,
+vaguely troubled and sorrowful, and wondered what could be the matter
+with them.  One is almost betrayed into respecting those criminals, they
+were so sincerely kind, and tender, and humane; and well-meaning.
+
+They didn't know why those exiled savages faded away, and they did their
+honest best to reason it out.  And one man, in a like case in New South
+Wales, did reason it out and arrive at a solution:
+
+     "It is from the wrath of God, which is revealed from heaven against
+     cold ungodliness and unrighteousness of men."
+
+That settles it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII.
+
+Let us be thankful for the fools.  But for them the rest of us could not
+succeed.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The aphorism does really seem true: "Given the Circumstances, the Man
+will appear."  But the man musn't appear ahead of time, or it will spoil
+everything.  In Robinson's case the Moment had been approaching for a
+quarter of a century--and meantime the future Conciliator was tranquilly
+laying bricks in Hobart.  When all other means had failed, the Moment had
+arrived, and the Bricklayer put down his trowel and came forward.
+Earlier he would have been jeered back to his trowel again.  It reminds
+me of a tale that was told me by a Kentuckian on the train when we were
+crossing Montana.  He said the tale was current in Louisville years ago.
+He thought it had been in print, but could not remember.  At any rate, in
+substance it was this, as nearly as I can call it back to mind.
+
+A few years before the outbreak of the Civil War it began to appear that
+Memphis, Tennessee, was going to be a great tobacco entrepot--the wise
+could see the signs of it.  At that time Memphis had a wharf boat, of
+course.  There was a paved sloping wharf, for the accommodation of
+freight, but the steamers landed on the outside of the wharfboat, and all
+loading and unloading was done across it, between steamer and shore.  A
+number of wharfboat clerks were needed, and part of the time, every day,
+they were very busy, and part of the time tediously idle.  They were
+boiling over with youth and spirits, and they had to make the intervals
+of idleness endurable in some way; and as a rule, they did it by
+contriving practical jokes and playing them upon each other.
+
+The favorite butt for the jokes was Ed Jackson, because he played none
+himself, and was easy game for other people's--for he always believed
+whatever was told him.
+
+One day he told the others his scheme for his holiday.  He was not going
+fishing or hunting this time--no, he had thought out a better plan.  Out
+of his $40 a month he had saved enough for his purpose, in an economical
+way, and he was going to have a look at New York.
+
+It was a great and surprising idea.  It meant travel immense travel--in
+those days it meant seeing the world; it was the equivalent of a voyage
+around it in ours.  At first the other youths thought his mind was
+affected, but when they found that he was in earnest, the next thing to
+be thought of was, what sort of opportunity this venture might afford for
+a practical joke.
+
+The young men studied over the matter, then held a secret consultation
+and made a plan.  The idea was, that one of the conspirators should offer
+Ed a letter of introduction to Commodore Vanderbilt, and trick him into
+delivering it.  It would be easy to do this.  But what would Ed do when
+he got back to Memphis?  That was a serious matter.  He was good-hearted,
+and had always taken the jokes patiently; but they had been jokes which
+did not humiliate him, did not bring him to shame; whereas, this would be
+a cruel one in that way, and to play it was to meddle with fire; for with
+all his good nature, Ed was a Southerner--and the English of that was,
+that when he came back he would kill as many of the conspirators as he
+could before falling himself.  However, the chances must be taken--it
+wouldn't do to waste such a joke as that.
+
+So the letter was prepared with great care and elaboration.  It was
+signed Alfred Fairchild, and was written in an easy and friendly spirit.
+It stated that the bearer was the bosom friend of the writer's son, and
+was of good parts and sterling character, and it begged the Commodore to
+be kind to the young stranger for the writer's sake.  It went on to say,
+"You may have forgotten me, in this long stretch of time, but you will
+easily call me back out of your boyhood memories when I remind you of how
+we robbed old Stevenson's orchard that night; and how, while he was
+chasing down the road after us, we cut across the field and doubled back
+and sold his own apples to his own cook for a hat-full of doughnuts; and
+the time that we----" and so forth and so on, bringing in names of
+imaginary comrades, and detailing all sorts of wild and absurd and, of
+course, wholly imaginary schoolboy pranks and adventures, but putting
+them into lively and telling shape.
+
+With all gravity Ed was asked if he would like to have a letter to
+Commodore Vanderbilt, the great millionaire.  It was expected that the
+question would astonish Ed, and it did.
+
+"What?  Do you know that extraordinary man?"
+
+"No; but my father does.  They were schoolboys together.  And if you
+like, I'll write and ask father.  I know he'll be glad to give it to you
+for my sake."
+
+Ed could not find words capable of expressing his gratitude and delight.
+The three days passed, and the letter was put into his bands.  He started
+on his trip, still pouring out his thanks while he shook good-bye all
+around.  And when he was out of sight his comrades let fly their laughter
+in a storm of happy satisfaction--and then quieted down, and were less
+happy, less satisfied.  For the old doubts as to the wisdom of this
+deception began to intrude again.
+
+Arrived in New York, Ed found his way to Commodore Vanderbilt's business
+quarters, and was ushered into a large anteroom, where a score of people
+were patiently awaiting their turn for a two-minute interview with the
+millionaire in his private office.  A servant asked for Ed's card, and
+got the letter instead.  Ed was sent for a moment later, and found Mr.
+Vanderbilt alone, with the letter--open--in his hand.
+
+"Pray sit down, Mr. --er--"
+
+"Jackson."
+
+" Ah--sit down, Mr. Jackson.  By the opening sentences it seems to be a
+letter from an old friend.  Allow me--I will run my eye through it.  He
+says he says--why, who is it?" He turned the sheet and found the
+signature.  "Alfred Fairchild--hm--Fairchild--I don't recall the name.
+But that is nothing--a thousand names have gone from me.  He says--he
+says-hm-hmoh, dear, but it's good!  Oh, it's rare!  I don't quite
+remember it, but I seem to it'll all come back to me presently.  He says
+--he says--hm--hm-oh, but that was a game!  Oh, spl-endid!  How it
+carries me back!  It's all dim, of course it's a long time ago--and the
+names--some of the names are wavery and indistinct--but sho', I know it
+happened--I can feel it! and lord, how it warms my heart, and brings
+back my lost youth!  Well, well, well, I've got to come back into this
+work-a-day world now--business presses and people are waiting--I'll keep
+the rest for bed to-night, and live my youth over again.  And you'll
+thank Fairchild for me when you see him--I used to call him Alf, I think
+--and you'll give him my gratitude for--what this letter has done for the
+tired spirit of a hard-worked man; and tell him there isn't anything that
+I can do for him or any friend of his that I won't do.  And as for you,
+my lad, you are my guest; you can't stop at any hotel in New York.  Sit.
+where you are a little while, till I get through with these people, then
+we'll go home.  I'll take care of you, my boy--make yourself easy as to
+that."
+
+Ed stayed a week, and had an immense time--and never suspected that the
+Commodore's shrewd eye was on him, and that he was daily being weighed
+and measured and analyzed and tried and tested.
+
+Yes, he had an immense time; and never wrote home, but saved it all up to
+tell when he should get back.  Twice, with proper modesty and decency, he
+proposed to end his visit, but the Commodore said, "No--wait; leave it to
+me; I'll tell you when to go."
+
+In those days the Commodore was making some of those vast combinations of
+his--consolidations of warring odds and ends of railroads into harmonious
+systems, and concentrations of floating and rudderless commerce in
+effective centers--and among other things his farseeing eye had detected
+the convergence of that huge tobacco-commerce, already spoken of, toward
+Memphis, and he had resolved to set his grasp upon it and make it his
+own.
+
+The week came to an end.  Then the Commodore said:
+
+"Now you can start home.  But first we will have some more talk about
+that tobacco matter.  I know you now.  I know your abilities as well as
+you know them yourself--perhaps better.  You understand that tobacco
+matter; you understand that I am going to take possession of it, and you
+also understand the plans which I have matured for doing it.  What I want
+is a man who knows my mind, and is qualified to represent me in Memphis,
+and be in supreme command of that important business--and I appoint you."
+
+"Me!"
+
+"Yes.  Your salary will be high--of course-for you are representing me.
+Later you will earn increases of it, and will get them.  You will need a
+small army of assistants; choose them yourself--and carefully.  Take no
+man for friendship's sake; but, all things being equal, take the man you
+know, take your friend, in preference to the stranger."  After some
+further talk under this head, the Commodore said:
+
+"Good-bye, my boy, and thank Alf for me, for sending you to me."
+
+When Ed reached Memphis he rushed down to the wharf in a fever to tell
+his great news and thank the boys over and over again for thinking to
+give him the letter to Mr. Vanderbilt.  It happened to be one of those
+idle times.  Blazing hot noonday, and no sign of life on the wharf.  But
+as Ed threaded his way among the freight piles, he saw a white linen
+figure stretched in slumber upon a pile of grain-sacks under an awning,
+and said to himself, "That's one of them," and hastened his step; next,
+he said, "It's Charley--it's Fairchild good"; and the next moment laid an
+affectionate hand on the sleeper's shoulder.  The eyes opened lazily,
+took one glance, the face blanched, the form whirled itself from the
+sack-pile, and in an instant Ed was alone and Fairchild was flying for
+the wharf-boat like the wind!
+
+Ed was dazed, stupefied.  Was Fairchild crazy?  What could be the meaning
+of this?  He started slow and dreamily down toward the wharf-boat; turned
+the corner of a freight-pile and came suddenly upon two of the boys.
+They were lightly laughing over some pleasant matter; they heard his
+step, and glanced up just as he discovered them; the laugh died abruptly;
+and before Ed could speak they were off, and sailing over barrels and
+bales like hunted deer.  Again Ed was paralyzed.  Had the boys all gone
+mad?  What could be the explanation of this extraordinary conduct?  And
+so, dreaming along, he reached the wharf-boat, and stepped aboard nothing
+but silence there, and vacancy.  He crossed the deck, turned the corner
+to go down the outer guard, heard a fervent--
+
+"O lord!" and saw a white linen form plunge overboard.
+
+The youth came up coughing and strangling, and cried out--
+
+"Go 'way from here!  You let me alone.  I didn't do it, I swear I
+didn't!"
+
+"Didn't do what?"
+
+"Give you the----"
+
+"Never mind what you didn't do--come out of that!  What makes you all act
+so?  What have I done?"
+
+"You?  Why you haven't done anything.  But----"
+
+"Well, then, what have you got against me?  What do you all treat me so
+for?"
+
+"I--er--but haven't you got anything against us?"
+
+"Of course not.  What put such a thing into your head?"
+
+"Honor bright--you haven't?
+
+"Honor bright."
+
+"Swear it!"
+
+"I don't know what in the world you mean, but I swear it, anyway."
+
+"And you'll shake hands with me?"
+
+"Goodness knows I'll be glad to!  Why, I'm just starving to shake hands
+with somebody!"
+
+The swimmer muttered, "Hang him, he smelt a rat and never delivered the
+letter!--but it's all right, I'm not going to fetch up the subject."  And
+he crawled out and came dripping and draining to shake hands.  First one
+and then another of the conspirators showed up cautiously--armed to the
+teeth--took in the amicable situation, then ventured warily forward and
+joined the love-feast.
+
+And to Ed's eager inquiry as to what made them act as they had been
+acting, they answered evasively, and pretended that they had put it up as
+a joke, to see what he would do.  It was the best explanation they could
+invent at such short notice.  And each said to himself, "He never
+delivered that letter, and the joke is on us, if he only knew it or we
+were dull enough to come out and tell."
+
+Then, of course, they wanted to know all about the trip; and he said--
+
+"Come right up on the boiler deck and order the drinks it's my treat.
+I'm going to tell you all about it.  And to-night it's my treat again
+--and we'll have oysters and a time!"
+
+When the drinks were brought and cigars lighted, Ed said:
+
+"Well, when, I delivered the letter to Mr. Vanderbilt----"
+
+"Great Scott!"
+
+"Gracious, how you scared me.  What's the matter?"
+
+"Oh--er--nothing.  Nothing--it was a tack in the chair-seat," said one.
+
+"But you all said it.  However, no matter.  When I delivered the
+letter----"
+
+"Did you deliver it?"  And they looked at each other as people might who
+thought that maybe they were dreaming.
+
+Then they settled to listening; and as the story deepened and its marvels
+grew, the amazement of it made them dumb, and the interest of it took
+their breath.  They hardly uttered a whisper during two hours, but sat
+like petrifactions and drank in the immortal romance.  At last the tale
+was ended, and Ed said--
+
+"And it's all owing to you, boys, and you'll never find me ungrateful
+--bless your hearts, the best friends a fellow ever had!  You'll all have
+places; I want every one of you.  I know you--I know you 'by the back,'
+as the gamblers say.  You're jokers, and all that, but you're sterling,
+with the hallmark on.  And Charley Fairchild, you shall be my first
+assistant and right hand, because of your first-class ability, and
+because you got me the letter, and for your father's sake who wrote it
+for me, and to please Mr. Vanderbilt, who said it would!  And here's to
+that great man--drink hearty!"
+
+Yes, when the Moment comes, the Man appears--even if he is a thousand
+miles away, and has to be discovered by a practical joke.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX.
+
+When people do not respect us we are sharply offended; yet deep down in
+his private heart no man much respects himself.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Necessarily, the human interest is the first interest in the log-book of
+any country.  The annals of Tasmania, in whose shadow we were sailing,
+are lurid with that feature.  Tasmania was a convict-dump, in old times;
+this has been indicated in the account of the Conciliator, where
+reference is made to vain attempts of desperate convicts to win to
+permanent freedom, after escaping from Macquarrie Harbor and the "Gates
+of Hell." In the early days Tasmania had a great population of convicts,
+of both sexes and all ages, and a bitter hard life they had.  In one spot
+there was a settlement of juvenile convicts--children--who had been sent
+thither from their home and their friends on the other side of the globe
+to expiate their "crimes."
+
+In due course our ship entered the estuary called the Derwent, at whose
+head stands Hobart, the capital of Tasmania.  The Derwent's shores
+furnish scenery of an interesting sort.  The historian Laurie, whose
+book, "The Story of Australasia," is just out, invoices its features with
+considerable truth and intemperance: "The marvelous picturesqueness of
+every point of view, combined with the clear balmy atmosphere and the
+transparency of the ocean depths, must have delighted and deeply
+impressed" the early explorers.  "If the rock-bound coasts, sullen,
+defiant, and lowering, seemed uninviting, these were occasionally broken
+into charmingly alluring coves floored with golden sand, clad with
+evergreen shrubbery, and adorned with every variety of indigenous wattle,
+she-oak, wild flower, and fern, from the delicately graceful
+'maiden-hair' to the palm-like 'old man'; while the majestic gum-tree,
+clean and smooth as the mast of 'some tall admiral' pierces the clear air
+to the height of 230 feet or more."
+
+It looked so to me.  "Coasting along Tasman's Peninsula, what a shock of
+pleasant wonder must have struck the early mariner on suddenly sighting
+Cape Pillar, with its cluster of black-ribbed basaltic columns rising to
+a height of 900 feet, the hydra head wreathed in a turban of fleecy
+cloud, the base lashed by jealous waves spouting angry fountains of
+foam."
+
+That is well enough, but I did not suppose those snags were 900 feet
+high.  Still they were a very fine show.  They stood boldly out by
+themselves, and made a fascinatingly odd spectacle.  But there was
+nothing about their appearance to suggest the heads of a hydra.  They
+looked like a row of lofty slabs with their upper ends tapered to the
+shape of a carving-knife point; in fact, the early voyager, ignorant of
+their great height, might have mistaken them for a rusty old rank of
+piles that had sagged this way and that out of the perpendicular.
+
+The Peninsula is lofty, rocky, and densely clothed with scrub, or brush,
+or both.  It is joined to the main by a low neck.  At this junction was
+formerly a convict station called Port Arthur--a place hard to escape
+from.  Behind it was the wilderness of scrub, in which a fugitive would
+soon starve; in front was the narrow neck, with a cordon of chained dogs
+across it, and a line of lanterns, and a fence of living guards, armed.
+We saw the place as we swept by--that is, we had a glimpse of what we
+were told was the entrance to Port Arthur.  The glimpse was worth
+something, as a remembrancer, but that was all.
+
+The voyage thence up the Derwent Frith displays a grand succession of
+fairy visions, in its entire length elsewhere unequaled.  In gliding over
+the deep blue sea studded with lovely islets luxuriant to the water's
+edge, one is at a loss which scene to choose for contemplation and to
+admire most.  When the Huon and Bruni have been passed, there seems no
+possible chance of a rival; but suddenly Mount Wellington, massive and
+noble like his brother Etna, literally heaves in sight, sternly guarded
+on either hand by Mounts Nelson and Rumney; presently we arrive at
+Sullivan's Cove--Hobart!
+
+It is an attractive town.  It sits on low hills that slope to the harbor
+--a harbor that looks like a river, and is as smooth as one.  Its still
+surface is pictured with dainty reflections of boats and grassy banks and
+luxuriant foliage.  Back of the town rise highlands that are clothed in
+woodland loveliness, and over the way is that noble mountain, Wellington,
+a stately bulk, a most majestic pile.  How beautiful is the whole region,
+for form, and grouping, and opulence, and freshness of foliage, and
+variety of color, and grace and shapeliness of the hills, the capes, the,
+promontories; and then, the splendor of the sunlight, the dim rich
+distances, the charm of the water-glimpses!  And it was in this paradise
+that the yellow-liveried convicts were landed, and the Corps-bandits
+quartered, and the wanton slaughter of the kangaroo-chasing black
+innocents consummated on that autumn day in May, in the brutish old time.
+It was all out of keeping with the place, a sort of bringing of heaven
+and hell together.
+
+The remembrance of this paradise reminds me that it was at Hobart that we
+struck the head of the procession of Junior Englands.  We were to
+encounter other sections of it in New Zealand, presently, and others
+later in Natal.  Wherever the exiled Englishman can find in his new home
+resemblances to his old one, he is touched to the marrow of his being;
+the love that is in his heart inspires his imagination, and these allied
+forces transfigure those resemblances into authentic duplicates of the
+revered originals.  It is beautiful, the feeling which works this
+enchantment, and it compels one's homage; compels it, and also compels
+one's assent--compels it always--even when, as happens sometimes, one
+does not see the resemblances as clearly as does the exile who is
+pointing them out.
+
+The resemblances do exist, it is quite true; and often they cunningly
+approximate the originals--but after all, in the matter of certain
+physical patent rights there is only one England.  Now that I have
+sampled the globe, I am not in doubt.  There is a beauty of Switzerland,
+and it is repeated in the glaciers and snowy ranges of many parts of the
+earth; there is a beauty of the fiord, and it is repeated in New Zealand
+and Alaska; there is a beauty of Hawaii, and it is repeated in ten
+thousand islands of the Southern seas; there is a beauty of the prairie
+and the plain, and it is repeated here and there in the earth; each of
+these is worshipful, each is perfect in its way, yet holds no monopoly of
+its beauty; but that beauty which is England is alone--it has no
+duplicate.
+
+It is made up of very simple details--just grass, and trees, and shrubs,
+and roads, and hedges, and gardens, and houses, and vines, and churches,
+and castles, and here and there a ruin--and over it all a mellow
+dream-haze of history.  But its beauty is incomparable, and all its own.
+
+Hobart has a peculiarity--it is the neatest town that the sun shines on;
+and I incline to believe that it is also the cleanest.  However that may
+be, its supremacy in neatness is not to be questioned.  There cannot be
+another town in the world that has no shabby exteriors; no rickety gates
+and fences, no neglected houses crumbling to ruin, no crazy and unsightly
+sheds, no weed-grown front-yards of the poor, no back-yards littered with
+tin cans and old boots and empty bottles, no rubbish in the gutters, no
+clutter on the sidewalks, no outer-borders fraying out into dirty lanes
+and tin-patched huts.  No, in Hobart all the aspects are tidy, and all a
+comfort to the eye; the modestest cottage looks combed and brushed, and
+has its vines, its flowers, its neat fence, its neat gate, its comely cat
+asleep on the window ledge.
+
+We had a glimpse of the museum, by courtesy of the American gentleman who
+is curator of it.  It has samples of half-a-dozen different kinds of
+marsupials--[A marsupial is a plantigrade vertebrate whose specialty is
+its pocket.  In some countries it is extinct, in the others it is rare.
+The first American marsupials were Stephen Girard, Mr. Aston and the
+opossum; the principal marsupials of the Southern Hemisphere are Mr.
+Rhodes, and the kangaroo.  I, myself, am the latest marsupial.  Also, I
+might boast that I have the largest pocket of them all.  But there is
+nothing in that.]--one, the "Tasmanian devil;" that is, I think he was
+one of them.  And there was a fish with lungs.  When the water dries up
+it can live in the mud.  Most curious of all was a parrot that kills
+sheep.  On one great sheep-run this bird killed a thousand sheep in a
+whole year.  He doesn't want the whole sheep, but only the kidney-fat.
+This restricted taste makes him an expensive bird to support.  To get the
+fat he drives his beak in and rips it out; the wound is mortal.  This
+parrot furnishes a notable example of evolution brought about by changed
+conditions.  When the sheep culture was introduced, it presently brought
+famine to the parrot by exterminating a kind of grub which had always
+thitherto been the parrot's diet.  The miseries of hunger made the bird
+willing to eat raw flesh, since it could get no other food, and it began
+to pick remnants of meat from sheep skins hung out on the fences to dry.
+It soon came to prefer sheep meat to any other food, and by and by it
+came to prefer the kidney-fat to any other detail of the sheep.  The
+parrot's bill was not well shaped for digging out the fat, but Nature
+fixed that matter; she altered the bill's shape, and now the parrot can
+dig out kidney-fat better than the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or
+anybody else, for that matter--even an Admiral.
+
+And there was another curiosity--quite a stunning one, I thought:
+Arrow-heads and knives just like those which Primeval Man made out of
+flint, and thought he had done such a wonderful thing--yes, and has been
+humored and coddled in that superstition by this age of admiring
+scientists until there is probably no living with him in the other world
+by now.  Yet here is his finest and nicest work exactly duplicated in our
+day; and by people who have never heard of him or his works: by
+aborigines who lived in the islands of these seas, within our time.  And
+they not only duplicated those works of art but did it in the brittlest
+and most treacherous of substances--glass: made them out of old brandy
+bottles flung out of the British camps; millions of tons of them.  It is
+time for Primeval Man to make a little less noise, now.  He has had his
+day.  He is not what he used to be.  We had a drive through a bloomy and
+odorous fairy-land, to the Refuge for the Indigent--a spacious and
+comfortable home, with hospitals, etc., for both sexes.  There was a
+crowd in there, of the oldest people I have ever seen.  It was like being
+suddenly set down in a new world--a weird world where Youth has never
+been, a world sacred to Age, and bowed forms, and wrinkles.  Out of the
+359 persons present, 223, were ex-convicts, and could have told stirring
+tales, no doubt, if they had been minded to talk; 42 of the 359 were past
+80, and several were close upon 90; the average age at death there is 76
+years. As for me, I have no use for that place; it is too healthy.
+Seventy is old enough--after that, there is too much risk.  Youth and
+gaiety might vanish, any day--and then, what is left?  Death in life;
+death without its privileges, death without its benefits.  There were 185
+women in that Refuge, and 81 of them were ex-convicts.
+
+The steamer disappointed us.  Instead of making a long visit at Hobart,
+as usual, she made a short one.  So we got but a glimpse of Tasmania, and
+then moved on.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX.
+
+Nature makes the locust with an appetite for crops; man would have made
+him with an appetite for sand.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We spent part of an afternoon and a night at sea, and reached Bluff, in
+New Zealand, early in the morning.  Bluff is at the bottom of the middle
+island, and is away down south, nearly forty-seven degrees below the
+equator.  It lies as far south of the line as Quebec lies north of it,
+and the climates of the two should be alike; but for some reason or other
+it has not been so arranged.  Quebec is hot in the summer and cold in the
+winter, but Bluff's climate is less intense; the cold weather is not very
+cold, the hot weather is not very hot; and the difference between the
+hottest month and the coldest is but 17 degrees Fahrenheit.
+
+In New Zealand the rabbit plague began at Bluff.  The man who introduced
+the rabbit there was banqueted and lauded; but they would hang him, now,
+if they could get him. In England the natural enemy of the rabbit is
+detested and persecuted; in the Bluff region the natural enemy of the
+rabbit is honored, and his person is sacred.  The rabbit's natural enemy
+in England is the poacher, in Bluff its natural enemy is the stoat, the
+weasel, the ferret, the cat, and the mongoose.  In England any person
+below the Heir who is caught with a rabbit in his possession must
+satisfactorily explain how it got there, or he will suffer fine and
+imprisonment, together with extinction of his peerage; in Bluff, the cat
+found with a rabbit in its possession does not have to explain--everybody
+looks the other way; the person caught noticing would suffer fine and
+imprisonment, with extinction of peerage.  This is a sure way to
+undermine the moral fabric of a cat.  Thirty years from now there will
+not be a moral cat in New Zealand.  Some think there is none there now.
+In England the poacher is watched, tracked, hunted--he dare not show his
+face; in Bluff the cat, the weasel, the stoat, and the mongoose go up and
+down, whither they will, unmolested.  By a law of the legislature, posted
+where all may read, it is decreed that any person found in possession of
+one of these creatures (dead) must satisfactorily explain the
+circumstances or pay a fine of not less than L5, nor more than L20.  The
+revenue from this source is not large.  Persons who want to pay a hundred
+dollars for a dead cat are getting rarer and rarer every day.  This is
+bad, for the revenue was to go to the endowment of a University.  All
+governments are more or less short-sighted: in England they fine the
+poacher, whereas he ought to be banished to New Zealand.  New Zealand
+would pay his way, and give him wages.
+
+It was from Bluff that we ought to have cut across to the west coast and
+visited the New Zealand Switzerland, a land of superb scenery, made up of
+snowy grandeurs, anal mighty glaciers, and beautiful lakes; and over
+there, also, are the wonderful rivals of the Norwegian and Alaskan
+fiords; and for neighbor, a waterfall of 1,900 feet; but we were obliged
+to postpone the trip to some later and indefinite time.
+
+November 6.  A lovely summer morning; brilliant blue sky.  A few miles
+out from Invercargill, passed through vast level green expanses snowed
+over with sheep.  Fine to see.  The green, deep and very vivid sometimes;
+at other times less so, but delicate and lovely.  A passenger reminds me
+that I am in "the England of the Far South."
+
+Dunedin, same date.  The town justifies Michael Davitt's praises.
+The people are Scotch.  They stopped here on their way from home to
+heaven-thinking they had arrived.  The population is stated at 40,000, by
+Malcolm Ross, journalist; stated by an M. P. at 60,000.  A journalist
+cannot lie.
+
+To the residence of Dr. Hockin.  He has a fine collection of books
+relating to New Zealand; and his house is a museum of Maori art and
+antiquities.  He has pictures and prints in color of many native chiefs
+of the past--some of them of note in history.  There is nothing of the
+savage in the faces; nothing could be finer than these men's features,
+nothing more intellectual than these faces, nothing more masculine,
+nothing nobler than their aspect.  The aboriginals of Australia and
+Tasmania looked the savage, but these chiefs looked like Roman
+patricians.  The tattooing in these portraits ought to suggest the
+savage, of course, but it does not.  The designs are so flowing and
+graceful and beautiful that they are a most satisfactory decoration.  It
+takes but fifteen minutes to get reconciled to the tattooing, and but
+fifteen more to perceive that it is just the thing.  After that, the
+undecorated European face is unpleasant and ignoble.
+
+Dr. Hockiu gave us a ghastly curiosity--a lignified caterpillar with a
+plant growing out of the back of its neck--a plant with a slender stem 4
+inches high.  It happened not by accident, but by design--Nature's
+design.  This caterpillar was in the act of loyally carrying out a law
+inflicted upon him by Nature--a law purposely inflicted upon him to get
+him into trouble--a law which was a trap; in pursuance of this law he
+made the proper preparations for turning himself into a night-moth; that
+is to say, he dug a little trench, a little grave, and then stretched
+himself out in it on his stomach and partially buried himself--then
+Nature was ready for him.  She blew the spores of a peculiar fungus
+through the air with a purpose.  Some of them fell into a crease in the
+back of the caterpillar's neck, and began to sprout and grow--for there
+was soil there--he had not washed his neck.  The roots forced themselves
+down into the worm's person, and rearward along through its body, sucking
+up the creature's juices for sap; the worm slowly died, and turned to
+wood.  And here he was now, a wooden caterpillar, with every detail of
+his former physique delicately and exactly preserved and perpetuated, and
+with that stem standing up out of him for his monument--monument
+commemorative of his own loyalty and of Nature's unfair return for it.
+
+Nature is always acting like that.  Mrs. X. said (of course) that the
+caterpillar was not conscious and didn't suffer.  She should have known
+better.  No caterpillar can deceive Nature.  If this one couldn't suffer,
+Nature would have known it and would have hunted up another caterpillar.
+Not that she would have let this one go, merely because it was defective.
+No.  She would have waited and let him turn into a night-moth; and then
+fried him in the candle.
+
+Nature cakes a fish's eyes over with parasites, so that it shan't be able
+to avoid its enemies or find its food.  She sends parasites into a
+star-fish's system, which clog up its prongs and swell them and make them
+so uncomfortable that the poor creature delivers itself from the prong to
+ease its misery; and presently it has to part with another prong for the
+sake of comfort, and finally with a third.  If it re-grows the prongs,
+the parasite returns and the same thing is repeated.  And finally, when
+the ability to reproduce prongs is lost through age, that poor old
+star-fish can't get around any more, and so it dies of starvation.
+
+In Australia is prevalent a horrible disease due to an "unperfected
+tapeworm."  Unperfected--that is what they call it, I do not know why,
+for it transacts business just as well as if it were finished and
+frescoed and gilded, and all that.
+
+November 9.  To the museum and public picture gallery with the president
+of the Society of Artists.  Some fine pictures there, lent by the S. of
+A. several of them they bought, the others came to them by gift.  Next,
+to the gallery of the S. of A.--annual exhibition--just opened.  Fine.
+Think of a town like this having two such collections as this, and a
+Society of Artists.  It is so all over Australasia.  If it were a
+monarchy one might understand it.  I mean an absolute monarchy, where it
+isn't necessary to vote money, but take it.  Then art flourishes.  But
+these colonies are republics--republics with a wide suffrage; voters of
+both sexes, this one of New Zealand.  In republics, neither the
+government nor the rich private citizen is much given to propagating art.
+All over Australasia pictures by famous European artists are bought for
+the public galleries by the State and by societies of citizens.  Living
+citizens--not dead ones.  They rob themselves to give, not their heirs.
+This S. of A. here owns its buildings built it by subscription.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI.
+
+The spirit of wrath--not the words--is the sin; and the spirit of wrath
+is cursing.  We begin to swear before we can talk.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+November 11.  On the road.  This train-express goes twenty and one-half
+miles an hour, schedule time; but it is fast enough, the outlook upon sea
+and land is so interesting, and the cars so comfortable.  They are not
+English, and not American; they are the Swiss combination of the two.
+A narrow and railed porch along the side, where a person can walk
+up and down.  A lavatory in each car.  This is progress; this is
+nineteenth-century spirit. In New Zealand, these fast expresses run twice
+a week. It is well to know this if you want to be a bird and fly through
+the country at a 20-mile gait; otherwise you may start on one of the five
+wrong days, and then you will get a train that can't overtake its own
+shadow.
+
+By contrast, these pleasant cars call to mind the branch-road cars at
+Maryborough, Australia, and the passengers' talk about the branch-road
+and the hotel.
+
+Somewhere on the road to Maryborough I changed for a while to a
+smoking-carriage.  There were two gentlemen there; both riding backward,
+one at each end of the compartment.  They were acquaintances of each
+other.  I sat down facing the one that sat at the starboard window.  He
+had a good face, and a friendly look, and I judged from his dress that he
+was a dissenting minister.  He was along toward fifty.  Of his own motion
+he struck a match, and shaded it with his hand for me to light my cigar.
+I take the rest from my diary:
+
+In order to start conversation I asked him something about Maryborough.
+He said, in a most pleasant--even musical voice, but with quiet and
+cultured decision:
+
+"It's a charming town, with a hell of a hotel."
+
+I was astonished.  It seemed so odd to hear a minister swear out loud.
+He went placidly on:
+
+"It's the worst hotel in Australia.  Well, one may go further, and say in
+Australasia."
+
+"Bad beds?"
+
+"No--none at all.  Just sand-bags."
+
+"The pillows, too?"
+
+"Yes, the pillows, too.  Just sand.  And not a good quality of sand.  It
+packs too hard, and has never been screened.  There is too much gravel in
+it.  It is like sleeping on nuts."
+
+"Isn't there any good sand?"
+
+"Plenty of it.  There is as good bed-sand in this region as the world can
+furnish.  Aerated sand--and loose; but they won't buy it.  They want
+something that will pack solid, and petrify."
+
+"How are the rooms?"
+
+"Eight feet square; and a sheet of iced oil-cloth to step on in the
+morning when you get out of the sand-quarry."
+
+"As to lights?"
+
+"Coal-oil lamp."
+
+"A good one?"
+
+"No.  It's the kind that sheds a gloom."
+
+"I like a lamp that burns all night."
+
+"This one won't.  You must blow it out early."
+
+"That is bad.  One might want it again in the night.  Can't find it in
+the dark."
+
+"There's no trouble; you can find it by the stench."
+
+"Wardrobe?"
+
+"Two nails on the door to hang seven suits of clothes on if you've got
+them."
+
+"Bells?"
+
+"There aren't any."
+
+"What do you do when you want service?"
+
+"Shout.  But it won't fetch anybody."
+
+"Suppose you want the chambermaid to empty the slopjar?"
+
+"There isn't any slop-jar.  The hotels don't keep them.  That is, outside
+of Sydney and Melbourne."
+
+"Yes, I knew that.  I was only talking.  It's the oddest thing in
+Australia.  Another thing: I've got to get up in the dark, in the
+morning, to take the 5 o'clock train.  Now if the boots----"
+
+"There isn't any."
+
+"Well, the porter."
+
+"There isn't any."
+
+"But who will call me?"
+
+"Nobody.  You'll call yourself.  And you'll light yourself, too.
+There'll not be a light burning in the halls or anywhere.  And if you
+don't carry a light, you'll break your neck."
+
+"But who will help me down with my baggage?"
+
+"Nobody.  However, I will tell you what to do.  In Maryborough there's an
+American who has lived there half a lifetime; a fine man, and prosperous
+and popular.  He will be on the lookout for you; you won't have any
+trouble.  Sleep in peace; he will rout you out, and you will make your
+train.  Where is your manager?"
+
+"I left him at Ballarat, studying the language.  And besides, he had to
+go to Melbourne and get us ready for New Zealand.  I've not tried to
+pilot myself before, and it doesn't look easy."
+
+"Easy!  You've selected the very most difficult piece of railroad in
+Australia for your experiment.  There are twelve miles of this road which
+no man without good executive ability can ever hope--tell me, have you
+good executive ability? first-rate executive ability?"
+
+"I--well, I think so, but----"
+
+"That settles it.  The tone of----oh, you wouldn't ever make it in the
+world.  However, that American will point you right, and you'll go.
+You've got tickets?"
+
+"Yes--round trip; all the way to Sydney."
+
+"Ah, there it is, you see!  You are going in the 5 o'clock by
+Castlemaine--twelve miles--instead of the 7.15 by Ballarat--in order to
+save two hours of fooling along the road.  Now then, don't interrupt--let
+me have the floor.  You're going to save the government a deal of
+hauling, but that's nothing; your ticket is by Ballarat, and it isn't
+good over that twelve miles, and so----"
+
+"But why should the government care which way I go?"
+
+"Goodness knows!  Ask of the winds that far away with fragments strewed
+the sea, as the boy that stood on the burning deck used to say.  The
+government chooses to do its railway business in its own way, and it
+doesn't know as much about it as the French.  In the beginning they tried
+idiots; then they imported the French--which was going backwards, you
+see; now it runs the roads itself--which is going backwards again, you
+see.  Why, do you know, in order to curry favor with the voters, the
+government puts down a road wherever anybody wants it--anybody that owns
+two sheep and a dog; and by consequence we've got, in the colony of
+Victoria, 800 railway stations, and the business done at eighty of them
+doesn't foot up twenty shillings a week."
+
+"Five dollars?  Oh, come!"
+
+"It's true.  It's the absolute truth."
+
+"Why, there are three or four men on wages at every station."
+
+"I know it.  And the station-business doesn't pay for the sheep-dip to
+sanctify their coffee with.  It's just as I say.  And accommodating?
+Why, if you shake a rag the train will stop in the midst of the
+wilderness to pick you up.  All that kind of politics costs, you see.
+And then, besides, any town that has a good many votes and wants a fine
+station, gets it.  Don't you overlook that Maryborough station, if you
+take an interest in governmental curiosities.  Why, you can put the whole
+population of Maryborough into it, and give them a sofa apiece, and have
+room for more.  You haven't fifteen stations in America that are as big,
+and you probably haven't five that are half as fine.  Why, it's
+perfectly elegant.  And the clock!  Everybody will show you the clock.
+There isn't a station in Europe that's got such a clock.  It doesn't
+strike--and that's one mercy.  It hasn't any bell; and as you'll have
+cause to remember, if you keep your reason, all Australia is simply
+bedamned with bells.  On every quarter-hour, night and day, they jingle a
+tiresome chime of half a dozen notes--all the clocks in town at once, all
+the clocks in Australasia at once, and all the very same notes; first,
+downward scale: mi, re, do, sol--then upward scale: sol, si, re, do--down
+again: mi, re, do, sol--up again: sol, si, re, do--then the clock--say at
+midnight clang--clang--clang--clang--clang-clang--clang--clang--clang
+--clang----and, by that time you're--hello, what's all this excitement
+about? a runaway--scared by the train; why, you think this train could
+scare anything.  Well, when they build eighty stations at a loss and a
+lot of palace-stations and clocks like Maryborough's at another loss, the
+government has got to economize somewhere hasn't it?  Very well look at
+the rolling stock.  That's where they save the money.  Why, that train
+from Maryborough will consist of eighteen freight-cars and two
+passenger-kennels; cheap, poor, shabby, slovenly; no drinking water, no
+sanitary arrangements, every imaginable inconvenience; and slow?--oh, the
+gait of cold molasses; no air-brake, no springs, and they'll jolt your
+head off every time they start or stop.  That's where they make their
+little economies, you see.  They spend tons of money to house you
+palatially while you wait fifteen minutes for a train, then degrade you
+to six hours' convict-transportation to get the foolish outlay back.
+What a rational man really needs is discomfort while he's waiting, then
+his journey in a nice train would be a grateful change.  But no, that
+would be common sense--and out of place in a government.  And then,
+besides, they save in that other little detail, you know--repudiate their
+own tickets, and collect a poor little illegitimate extra shilling out of
+you for that twelve miles, and----"
+
+"Well, in any case----"
+
+"Wait--there's more.  Leave that American out of the account and see what
+would happen.  There's nobody on hand to examine your ticket when you
+arrive.  But the conductor will come and examine it when the train is
+ready to start.  It is too late to buy your extra ticket now; the train
+can't wait, and won't.  You must climb out."
+
+"But can't I pay the conductor?"
+
+"No, he is not authorized to receive the money, and he won't.  You must
+climb out.  There's no other way.  I tell you, the railway management is
+about the only thoroughly European thing here--continentally European I
+mean, not English.  It's the continental business in perfection; down
+fine.  Oh, yes, even to the peanut-commerce of weighing baggage."
+
+The train slowed up at his place.  As he stepped out he said:
+
+"Yes, you'll like Maryborough.  Plenty of intelligence there.  It's a
+charming place--with a hell of a hotel."
+
+Then he was gone.  I turned to the other gentleman:
+
+"Is your friend in the ministry?"
+
+"No--studying for it."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII.
+
+The man with a new idea is a Crank until the idea succeeds.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+It was Junior England all the way to Christchurch--in fact, just a
+garden.  And Christchurch is an English town, with an English-park annex,
+and a winding English brook just like the Avon--and named the Avon; but
+from a man, not from Shakespeare's river.  Its grassy banks are bordered
+by the stateliest and most impressive weeping willows to be found in the
+world, I suppose.  They continue the line of a great ancestor; they were
+grown from sprouts of the willow that sheltered Napoleon's grave in St.
+Helena.  It is a settled old community, with all the serenities, the
+graces, the conveniences, and the comforts of the ideal home-life.  If it
+had an established Church and social inequality it would be England over
+again with hardly a lack.
+
+In the museum we saw many curious and interesting things; among others a
+fine native house of the olden time, with all the details true to the
+facts, and the showy colors right and in their proper places.  All the
+details: the fine mats and rugs and things; the elaborate and wonderful
+wood carvings--wonderful, surely, considering who did them wonderful in
+design and particularly in execution, for they were done with admirable
+sharpness and exactness, and yet with no better tools than flint and jade
+and shell could furnish; and the totem-posts were there, ancestor above
+ancestor, with tongues protruded and hands clasped comfortably over
+bellies containing other people's ancestors--grotesque and ugly devils,
+every one, but lovingly carved, and ably; and the stuffed natives were
+present, in their proper places, and looking as natural as life; and the
+housekeeping utensils were there, too, and close at hand the carved and
+finely ornamented war canoe.
+
+And we saw little jade gods, to hang around the neck--not everybody's,
+but sacred to the necks of natives of rank.  Also jade weapons, and many
+kinds of jade trinkets--all made out of that excessively hard stone
+without the help of any tool of iron.  And some of these things had small
+round holes bored through them--nobody knows how it was done; a mystery,
+a lost art.  I think it was said that if you want such a hole bored in a
+piece of jade now, you must send it to London or Amsterdam where the
+lapidaries are.
+
+Also we saw a complete skeleton of the giant Moa.  It stood ten feet
+high, and must have been a sight to look at when it was a living  bird.
+It was a kicker, like the ostrich; in fight it did not use its beak, but
+its foot.  It must have been a convincing kind of kick.  If a person had
+his back to the bird and did not see who it was that did it, he would
+think he had been kicked by a wind-mill.
+
+There must have been a sufficiency of moas in the old forgotten days when
+his breed walked the earth.  His bones are found in vast masses, all
+crammed together in huge graves.  They are not in caves, but in the
+ground.  Nobody knows how they happened to get concentrated there.  Mind,
+they are bones, not fossils.  This means that the moa has not been
+extinct very long.  Still, this is the only New Zealand creature which
+has no mention in that otherwise comprehensive literature, the native
+legends.  This is a significant detail, and is good circumstantial
+evidence that the moa has been extinct 500 years, since the Maori has
+himself--by tradition--been in New Zealand since the end of the fifteenth
+century.  He came from an unknown land--the first Maori did--then sailed
+back in his canoe and brought his tribe, and they removed the aboriginal
+peoples into the sea and into the ground and took the land.  That is the
+tradition.  That that first Maori could come, is understandable, for
+anybody can come to a place when he isn't trying to; but how that
+discoverer found his way back home again without a compass is his secret,
+and he died with it in him.  His language indicates that he came from
+Polynesia.  He told where he came from, but he couldn't spell well, so
+one can't find the place on the map, because people who could spell
+better than he could, spelt the resemblance all out of it when they made
+the map.  However, it is better to have a map that is spelt right than
+one that has information in it.
+
+In New Zealand women have the right to vote for members of the
+legislature, but they cannot be members themselves.  The law extending
+the suffrage to them event into effect in 1893.  The population of
+Christchurch (census of 1891) was 31,454.  The first election under the
+law was held in November of that year.  Number of men who voted, 6,313;
+number of women who voted, 5,989.  These figures ought to convince us
+that women are not as indifferent about politics as some people would
+have us believe.  In New Zealand as a whole, the estimated adult female
+population was 139,915; of these 109,461 qualified and registered their
+names on the rolls 78.23 per cent. of the whole.  Of these, 90,290 went
+to the polls and voted--85.18 per cent.  Do men ever turn out better than
+that--in America or elsewhere?  Here is a remark to the other sex's
+credit, too--I take it from the official report:
+
+"A feature of the election was the orderliness and sobriety of the
+people.  Women were in no way molested."
+
+At home, a standing argument against woman suffrage has always been that
+women could not go to the polls without being insulted.  The arguments
+against woman suffrage have always taken the easy form of prophecy.  The
+prophets have been prophesying ever since the woman's rights movement
+began in 1848--and in forty-seven years they have never scored a hit.
+
+Men ought to begin to feel a sort of respect for their mothers and wives
+and sisters by this time.  The women deserve a change of attitude like
+that, for they have wrought well.  In forty-seven years they have swept
+an imposingly large number of unfair laws from the statute books of
+America.  In that brief time these serfs have set themselves free
+essentially.  Men could not have done so much for themselves in that time
+without bloodshed--at least they never have; and that is argument that
+they didn't know how.  The women have accomplished a peaceful revolution,
+and a very beneficent one; and yet that has not convinced the average man
+that they are intelligent, and have courage and energy and perseverance
+and fortitude.  It takes much to convince the average man of anything;
+and perhaps nothing can ever make him realize that he is the average
+woman's inferior--yet in several important details the evidences seems to
+show that that is what he is.  Man has ruled the human race from the
+beginning--but he should remember that up to the middle of the present
+century it was a dull world, and ignorant and stupid; but it is not such
+a dull world now, and is growing less and less dull all the time.  This
+is woman's opportunity--she has had none before.  I wonder where man will
+be in another forty-seven years?
+
+In the New Zealand law occurs this: "The word person wherever it occurs
+throughout the Act includes woman."
+
+That is promotion, you see.  By that enlargement of the word, the matron
+with the garnered wisdom and experience of fifty years becomes at one
+jump the political equal of her callow kid of twenty-one.  The white
+population of the colony is 626,000, the Maori population is 42,000.  The
+whites elect seventy members of the House of Representatives, the Maoris
+four.  The Maori women vote for their four members.
+
+November 16.   After four pleasant days in Christchurch, we are to leave
+at midnight to-night.  Mr. Kinsey gave me an ornithorhynchus, and I am
+taming it.
+
+Sunday, 17th.  Sailed last night in the Flora, from Lyttelton.
+
+So we did.  I remember it yet.  The people who sailed in the Flora that
+night may forget some other things if they live a good while, but they
+will not live long, enough to forget that.  The Flora is about the
+equivalent of a cattle-scow; but when the Union Company find it
+inconvenient to keep a contract and lucrative to break it, they smuggle
+her into passenger service, and "keep the change."
+
+They give no notice of their projected depredation; you innocently buy
+tickets for the advertised passenger boat, and when you get down to
+Lyttelton at midnight, you find that they have substituted the scow.
+They have plenty of good boats, but no competition--and that is the
+trouble.  It is too late now to make other arrangements if you have
+engagements ahead.
+
+It is a powerful company, it has a monopoly, and everybody is afraid of
+it--including the government's representative, who stands at the end of
+the stage-plank to tally the passengers and see that no boat receives a
+greater number than the law allows her to carry.  This conveniently-blind
+representative saw the scow receive a number which was far in excess of
+its privilege, and winked a politic wink and said nothing.  The
+passengers bore with meekness the cheat which had been put upon them, and
+made no complaint.
+
+It was like being at home in America, where abused passengers act in just
+the same way.  A few days before, the Union Company had discharged a
+captain for getting a boat into danger, and had advertised this act as
+evidence of its vigilance in looking after the safety of the passengers
+--for thugging a captain costs the company nothing, but when opportunity
+offered to send this dangerously overcrowded tub to sea and save a little
+trouble and a tidy penny by it, it forgot to worry about the passenger's
+safety.
+
+The first officer told me that the Flora was privileged to carry 125
+passengers.  She must have had all of 200 on board.  All the cabins were
+full, all the cattle-stalls in the main stable were full, the spaces at
+the heads of companionways were full, every inch of floor and table in
+the swill-room was packed with sleeping men and remained so until the
+place was required for breakfast, all the chairs and benches on the
+hurricane deck were occupied, and still there were people who had to walk
+about all night!
+
+If the Flora had gone down that night, half of the people on board would
+have been wholly without means of escape.
+
+The owners of that boat were not technically guilty of conspiracy to
+commit murder, but they were morally guilty of it.
+
+I had a cattle-stall in the main stable--a cavern fitted up with a long
+double file of two-storied bunks, the files separated by a calico
+partition--twenty men and boys on one side of it, twenty women and girls
+on the other.  The place was as dark as the soul of the Union Company,
+and smelt like a kennel.  When the vessel got out into the heavy seas and
+began to pitch and wallow, the cavern prisoners became immediately
+seasick, and then the peculiar results that ensued laid all my previous
+experiences of the kind well away in the shade.  And the wails, the
+groans, the cries, the shrieks, the strange ejaculations--it was
+wonderful.
+
+The women and children and some of the men and boys spent the night in
+that place, for they were too ill to leave it; but the rest of us got up,
+by and by, and finished the night on the hurricane-deck.
+
+That boat was the foulest I was ever in; and the smell of the breakfast
+saloon when we threaded our way among the layers of steaming passengers
+stretched upon its floor and its tables was incomparable for efficiency.
+
+A good many of us got ashore at the first way-port to seek another ship.
+After a wait of three hours we got good rooms in the Mahinapua, a wee
+little bridal-parlor of a boat--only 205 tons burthen; clean and
+comfortable; good service; good beds; good table, and no crowding.  The
+seas danced her about like a duck, but she was safe and capable.
+
+Next morning early she went through the French Pass--a narrow gateway of
+rock, between bold headlands--so narrow, in fact, that it seemed no wider
+than a street.  The current tore through there like a mill-race, and the
+boat darted through like a telegram.  The passage was made in half a
+minute; then we were in a wide place where noble vast eddies swept
+grandly round and round in shoal water, and I wondered what they would do
+with the little boat.  They did as they pleased with her.  They picked
+her up and flung her around like nothing and landed her gently on the
+solid, smooth bottom of sand--so gently, indeed, that we barely felt her
+touch it, barely felt her quiver when she came to a standstill.  The
+water was as clear as glass, the sand on the bottom was vividly distinct,
+and the fishes seemed to be swimming about in nothing.  Fishing lines
+were brought out, but before we could bait the hooks the boat was off and
+away again.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII.
+
+Let us be grateful to Adam our benefactor.  He cut us out of the
+"blessing of idleness," and won for us the "curse of labor."
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We soon reached the town of Nelson, and spent the most of the day there,
+visiting acquaintances and driving with them about the garden--the whole
+region is a garden, excepting the scene of the "Maungatapu Murders," of
+thirty years ago.  That is a wild place--wild and lonely; an ideal place
+for a murder.  It is at the base of a vast, rugged, densely timbered
+mountain.  In the deep twilight of that forest solitude four desperate
+rascals--Burgess, Sullivan, Levy, and Kelley--ambushed themselves beside
+the mountain-trail to murder and rob four travelers--Kempthorne, Mathieu,
+Dudley, and De Pontius, the latter a New Yorker. A harmless old laboring
+man came wandering along, and as his presence was an embarrassment, they
+choked him, hid him, and then resumed their watch for the four.  They had
+to wait a while, but eventually everything turned out as they desired.
+
+That dark episode is the one large event in the history of Nelson.  The
+fame of it traveled far.  Burgess made a confession.  It is a remarkable
+paper.  For brevity, succinctness, and concentration, it is perhaps
+without its peer in the literature of murder.  There are no waste words
+in it; there is no obtrusion of matter not pertinent to the occasion, nor
+any departure from the dispassionate tone proper to a formal business
+statement--for that is what it is: a business statement of a murder, by
+the chief engineer of it, or superintendent, or foreman, or whatever one
+may prefer to call him.
+
+     "We were getting impatient, when we saw four men and a pack-horse
+     coming.  I left my cover and had a look at the men, for Levy had
+     told me that Mathieu was a small man and wore a large beard, and
+     that it was a chestnut horse.  I said, 'Here they come.'  They were
+     then a good distance away; I took the caps off my gun, and put fresh
+     ones on.  I said, 'You keep where you are, I'll put them up, and you
+     give me your gun while you tie them.'  It was arranged as I have
+     described.  The men came; they arrived within about fifteen yards
+     when I stepped up and said, 'Stand! bail up!'  That means all of
+     them to get together.  I made them fall back on the upper side of
+     the road with their faces up the range, and Sullivan brought me his
+     gun, and then tied their hands behind them.  The horse was very
+     quiet all the time, he did not move.  When they were all tied,
+     Sullivan took the horse up the hill, and put him in the bush; he cut
+     the rope and let the swags--[A "swag" is a kit, a pack, small
+     baggage.]--fall on the ground, and then came to me.  We then marched
+     the men down the incline to the creek; the water at this time barely
+     running.  Up this creek we took the men; we went, I daresay, five or
+     six hundred yards up it, which took us nearly half-an-hour to
+     accomplish.  Then we turned to the right up the range; we went, I
+     daresay, one hundred and fifty yards from the creek, and there we
+     sat down with the men.  I said to Sullivan, 'Put down your gun and
+     search these men,' which he did.  I asked them their several names;
+     they told me.  I asked them if they were expected at Nelson.  They
+     said, 'No.'  If such their lives would have been spared.  In money
+     we took L60 odd.  I said, 'Is this all you have?  You had better
+     tell me.' Sullivan said, 'Here is a bag of gold.' I said, 'What's on
+     that pack-horse?  Is there any gold ?' when Kempthorne said, 'Yes,
+     my gold is in the portmanteau, and I trust you will not take it
+     all.' 'Well,' I said, 'we must take you away one at a time, because
+     the range is steep just here, and then we will let you go.' They
+     said, 'All right,' most cheerfully.  We tied their feet, and took
+     Dudley with us; we went about sixty yards with him.  This was
+     through a scrub.  It was arranged the night previously that it would
+     be best to choke them, in case the report of the arms might be heard
+     from the road, and if they were missed they never would be found.
+     So we tied a handkerchief over his eyes, when Sullivan took the sash
+     off his waist, put it round his neck, and so strangled him.
+     Sullivan, after I had killed the old laboring man, found fault with
+     the way he was choked.  He said, 'The next we do I'll show you my
+     way.'  I said, 'I have never done such a thing before.  I have shot
+     a man, but never choked one.'  We returned to the others, when
+     Kempthorne said, 'What noise was that?'  I said it was caused by
+     breaking through the scrub.  This was taking too much time, so it
+     was agreed to shoot them.  With that I said, 'We'll take you no
+     further, but separate you, and then loose one of you, and he can
+     relieve the others.'  So with that, Sullivan took De Pontius to the
+     left of where Kempthorne was sitting.  I took Mathieu to the right.
+     I tied a strap round his legs, and shot him with a revolver.  He
+     yelled, I ran from him with my gun in my hand, I sighted Kempthorne,
+     who had risen to his feet.  I presented the gun, and shot him behind
+     the right ear; his life's blood welled from him, and he died
+     instantaneously.  Sullivan had shot.  De Pontius in the meantime,
+     and then came to me.  I said, 'Look to Mathieu,' indicating the spot
+     where he lay.  He shortly returned and said, 'I had to "chiv" that
+     fellow, he was not dead,' a cant word, meaning that he had to stab
+     him.  Returning to the road we passed where De Pontius lay and was
+     dead.  Sullivan said, 'This is the digger, the others were all
+     storekeepers; this is the digger, let's cover him up, for should the
+     others be found, they'll think he done it and sloped,' meaning he
+     had gone.  So with that we threw all the stones on him, and then
+     left him.  This bloody work took nearly an hour and a half from the
+     time we stopped the men."
+
+Anyone who reads that confession will think that the man who wrote it was
+destitute of emotions, destitute of feeling.  That is partly true.  As
+regarded others he was plainly without feeling--utterly cold and
+pitiless; but as regarded himself the case was different.  While he cared
+nothing for the future of the murdered men, he cared a great deal for his
+own.  It makes one's flesh creep to read the introduction to his
+confession.  The judge on the bench characterized it as "scandalously
+blasphemous," and it certainly reads so, but Burgess meant no blasphemy.
+He was merely a brute, and whatever he said or wrote was sure to expose
+the fact.  His redemption was a very real thing to him, and he was as
+jubilantly happy on the gallows as ever was Christian martyr at the
+stake.  We dwellers in this world are strangely made, and mysteriously
+circumstanced.  We have to suppose that the murdered men are lost, and
+that Burgess is saved; but we cannot suppress our natural regrets.
+
+     "Written in my dungeon drear this 7th of August, in the year of
+     Grace, 1866.  To God be ascribed all power and glory in subduing the
+     rebellious spirit of a most guilty wretch, who has been brought,
+     through the instrumentality of a faithful follower of Christ, to see
+     his wretched and guilty state, inasmuch as hitherto he has led an
+     awful and wretched life, and through the assurance of this faithful
+     soldier of Christ, he has been led and also believes that Christ
+     will yet receive and cleanse him from all his deep-dyed and bloody
+     sins.  I lie under the imputation which says, 'Come now and let us
+     reason together, saith the Lord: though your sins be as scarlet,
+     they shall be as white as snow; though they be red like crimson,
+     they shall be as wool.' On this promise I rely."
+
+We sailed in the afternoon late, spent a few hours at New Plymouth, then
+sailed again and reached Auckland the next day, November 20th, and
+remained in that fine city several days.  Its situation is commanding,
+and the sea-view is superb.  There are charming drives all about, and by
+courtesy of friends we had opportunity to enjoy them.  From the grassy
+crater-summit of Mount Eden one's eye ranges over a grand sweep and
+variety of scenery--forests clothed in luxuriant foliage, rolling green
+fields, conflagrations of flowers, receding and dimming stretches of
+green plain, broken by lofty and symmetrical old craters--then the blue
+bays twinkling and sparkling away into the dreamy distances where the
+mountains loom spiritual in their veils of haze.
+
+It is from Auckland that one goes to Rotorua, the region of the renowned
+hot lakes and geysers--one of the chief wonders of New Zealand; but I was
+not well enough to make the trip.  The government has a sanitorium there,
+and everything is comfortable for the tourist and the invalid.  The
+government's official physician is almost over-cautious in his estimates
+of the efficacy of the baths, when he is talking about rheumatism, gout,
+paralysis, and such things; but when he is talking about the
+effectiveness of the waters in eradicating the whisky-habit, he seems to
+have no reserves.  The baths will cure the drinking-habit no matter how
+chronic it is--and cure it so effectually that even the desire to drink
+intoxicants will come no more.  There should be a rush from Europe and
+America to that place; and when the victims of alcoholism find out what
+they can get by going there, the rush will begin.
+
+The Thermal-springs District of New Zealand comprises an area of upwards
+of 600,000 acres, or close on 1,000 square miles.  Rotorua is the
+favorite place.  It is the center of a rich field of lake and mountain
+scenery; from Rotorua as a base the pleasure-seeker makes excursions.
+The crowd of sick people is great, and growing.  Rotorua is the Carlsbad
+of Australasia.
+
+It is from Auckland that the Kauri gum is shipped.  For a long time now
+about 8,000 tons of it have been brought into the town per year.  It is
+worth about $300 per ton, unassorted; assorted, the finest grades are
+worth about $1,000.  It goes to America, chiefly.  It is in lumps, and is
+hard and smooth, and looks like amber--the light-colored like new amber,
+and the dark brown like rich old amber.  And it has the pleasant feel of
+amber, too.  Some of the light-colored samples were a tolerably fair
+counterfeit of uncut South African diamonds, they were so perfectly
+smooth and polished and transparent.  It is manufactured into varnish; a
+varnish which answers for copal varnish and is cheaper.
+
+The gum is dug up out of the ground; it has been there for ages.  It is
+the sap of the Kauri tree.  Dr. Campbell of Auckland told me he sent a
+cargo of it to England fifty years ago, but nothing came of the venture.
+Nobody knew what to do with it; so it was sold at 15 a ton, to light
+fires with.
+
+November 26--3 P.M., sailed.  Vast and beautiful harbor.  Land all about
+for hours.  Tangariwa, the mountain that "has the same shape from every
+point of view."  That is the common belief in Auckland.  And so it has
+--from every point of view except thirteen.  Perfect summer weather.  Large
+school of whales in the distance.  Nothing could be daintier than the
+puffs of vapor they spout up, when seen against the pink glory of the
+sinking sun, or against the dark mass of an island reposing in the deep
+blue shadow of a storm cloud .  .  .  .  Great Barrier rock standing up
+out of the sea away to the left.  Sometime ago a ship hit it full speed
+in a fog--20 miles out of her course--140 lives lost; the captain
+committed suicide without waiting a moment.  He knew that, whether he was
+to blame or not, the company owning the vessel would discharge him and
+make a devotion--to--passengers' safety advertisement out of it, and his
+chance to make a livelihood would be permanently gone.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIV.
+
+Let us not be too particular.  It is better to have old second-hand
+diamonds than none at all.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+November 27.   To-day we reached Gisborne, and anchored in a big bay;
+there was a heavy sea on, so we remained on board.
+
+We were a mile from shore; a little steam-tug put out from the land; she
+was an object of thrilling interest; she would climb to the summit of a
+billow, reel drunkenly there a moment, dim and gray in the driving storm
+of spindrift, then make a plunge like a diver and remain out of sight
+until one had given her up, then up she would dart again, on a steep
+slant toward the sky, shedding Niagaras of water from her forecastle--and
+this she kept up, all the way out to us.  She brought twenty-five
+passengers in her stomach--men and women mainly a traveling dramatic
+company.  In sight on deck were the crew, in sou'westers, yellow
+waterproof canvas suits, and boots to the thigh.  The deck was never
+quiet for a moment, and seldom nearer level than a ladder, and noble were
+the seas which leapt aboard and went flooding aft.  We rove a long line
+to the yard-arm, hung a most primitive basketchair to it and swung it out
+into the spacious air of heaven, and there it swayed, pendulum-fashion,
+waiting for its chance--then down it shot, skillfully aimed, and was
+grabbed by the two men on the forecastle.  A young fellow belonging to
+our crew was in the chair, to be a protection to the lady-comers.  At
+once a couple of ladies appeared from below, took seats in his lap, we
+hoisted them into the sky, waited a moment till the roll of the ship
+brought them in overhead, then we lowered suddenly away, and seized the
+chair as it struck the deck.  We took the twenty-five aboard, and
+delivered twenty-five into the tug--among them several aged ladies, and
+one blind one--and all without accident.  It was a fine piece of work.
+
+Ours is a nice ship, roomy, comfortable, well-ordered, and satisfactory.
+Now and then we step on a rat in a hotel, but we have had no rats on
+shipboard lately; unless, perhaps in the Flora; we had more serious
+things to think of there, and did not notice.  I have noticed that it is
+only in ships and hotels which still employ the odious Chinese gong, that
+you find rats.  The reason would seem to be, that as a rat cannot tell
+the time of day by a clock, he won't stay where he cannot find out when
+dinner is ready.
+
+November 29.  The doctor tells me of several old drunkards, one
+spiritless loafer, and several far-gone moral wrecks who have been
+reclaimed by the Salvation Army and have remained staunch people and hard
+workers these two years.  Wherever one goes, these testimonials to the
+Army's efficiency are forthcoming .  .  .  .  This morning we had one of
+those whizzing green Ballarat flies in the room, with his stunning
+buzz-saw noise--the swiftest creature in the world except the
+lightning-flash. It is a stupendous force that is stored up in that
+little body. If we had it in a ship in the same proportion, we could spin
+from Liverpool to New York in the space of an hour--the time it takes to
+eat luncheon.  The New Zealand express train is called the Ballarat Fly
+.  .  .  .  Bad teeth in the colonies.  A citizen told me they don't have
+teeth filled, but pull them out and put in false ones, and that now and
+then one sees a young lady with a full set.  She is fortunate.  I wish I
+had been born with false teeth and a false liver and false carbuncles.
+I should get along better.
+
+December 2.  Monday.  Left Napier in the Ballarat Fly the one that goes
+twice a week.  From Napier to Hastings, twelve miles; time, fifty-five
+minutes--not so far short of thirteen miles an hour .  .  .  .  A perfect
+summer day; cool breeze, brilliant sky, rich vegetation.  Two or three
+times during the afternoon we saw wonderfully dense and beautiful
+forests, tumultuously piled skyward on the broken highlands--not the
+customary roof-like slant of a hillside, where the trees are all the same
+height.  The noblest of these trees were of the Kauri breed, we were told
+the timber that is now furnishing the wood-paving for Europe, and is the
+best of all wood for that purpose.  Sometimes these towering upheavals of
+forestry were festooned and garlanded with vine-cables, and sometimes the
+masses of undergrowth were cocooned in another sort of vine of a delicate
+cobwebby texture--they call it the "supplejack," I think.  Tree ferns
+everywhere--a stem fifteen feet high, with a graceful chalice of
+fern-fronds sprouting from its top--a lovely forest ornament.  And there
+was a ten-foot reed with a flowing suit of what looked like yellow hair
+hanging from its upper end.  I do not know its name, but if there is such
+a thing as a scalp-plant, this is it.  A romantic gorge, with a brook
+flowing in its bottom, approaching Palmerston North.
+
+Waitukurau.   Twenty minutes for luncheon.  With me sat my wife and
+daughter, and my manager, Mr. Carlyle Smythe.  I sat at the head of the
+table, and could see the right-hand wall; the others had their backs to
+it.  On that wall, at a good distance away, were a couple of framed
+pictures.  I could not see them clearly, but from the groupings of the
+figures I fancied that they represented the killing of Napoleon III's son
+by the Zulus in South Africa.  I broke into the conversation, which was
+about poetry and cabbage and art, and said to my wife--
+
+"Do you remember when the news came to Paris----"
+
+"Of the killing of the Prince?"
+
+(Those were the very words I had in my mind.) "Yes, but what Prince?"
+
+"Napoleon.  Lulu."
+
+"What made you think of that?"
+
+"I don't know."
+
+There was no collusion.  She had not seen the pictures, and they had not
+been mentioned.  She ought to have thought of some recent news that came
+to Paris, for we were but seven months from there and had been living
+there a couple of years when we started on this trip; but instead of that
+she thought of an incident of our brief sojourn in Paris of sixteen years
+before.
+
+Here was a clear case of mental telegraphy; of mind-transference; of my
+mind telegraphing a thought into hers.  How do I know?  Because I
+telegraphed an error.  For it turned out that the pictures did not
+represent the killing of Lulu at all, nor anything connected with Lulu.
+She had to get the error from my head--it existed nowhere else.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXV.
+
+The Autocrat of Russia possesses more power than any other man in the
+earth; but he cannot stop a sneeze.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+WAUGANIUI, December 3.  A pleasant trip, yesterday, per Ballarat Fly.
+Four hours.  I do not know the distance, but it must have been well along
+toward fifty miles.  The Fly could have spun it out to eight hours and
+not discommoded me; for where there is comfort, and no need for hurry,
+speed is of no value--at least to me; and nothing that goes on wheels can
+be more comfortable, more satisfactory, than the New Zealand trains.
+Outside of America there are no cars that are so rationally devised.
+When you add the constant presence of charming scenery and the nearly
+constant absence of dust--well, if one is not content then, he ought to
+get out and walk.  That would change his spirit, perhaps?  I think so.
+At the end of an hour you would find him waiting humbly beside the track,
+and glad to be taken aboard again.
+
+Much horseback riding, in and around this town; many comely girls in cool
+and pretty summer gowns; much Salvation Army; lots of Maoris; the faces
+and bodies of some of the old ones very tastefully frescoed.  Maori
+Council House over the river-large, strong, carpeted from end to end with
+matting, and decorated with elaborate wood carvings, artistically
+executed.  The Maoris were very polite.
+
+I was assured by a member of the House of Representatives that the native
+race is not decreasing, but actually increasing slightly.  It is another
+evidence that they are a superior breed of savages.  I do not call to
+mind any savage race that built such good houses, or such strong and
+ingenious and scientific fortresses, or gave so much attention to
+agriculture, or had military arts and devices which so nearly approached
+the white man's.  These, taken together with their high abilities in
+boat-building, and their tastes and capacities in the ornamental arts
+modify their savagery to a semi-civilization--or at least to,
+a quarter-civilization.
+
+It is a compliment to them that the British did not exterminate them, as
+they did the Australians and the Tasmanians, but were content with
+subduing them, and showed no desire to go further.  And it is another
+compliment to them that the British did not take the whole of their
+choicest lands, but left them a considerable part, and then went further
+and protected them from the rapacities of landsharks--a protection which
+the New Zealand Government still extends to them.  And it is still
+another compliment to the Maoris that the Government allows native
+representation--in both the legislature and the cabinet, and gives both
+sexes the vote.  And in doing these things the Government also
+compliments itself; it has not been the custom of the world for
+conquerors to act in this large spirit toward the conquered.
+
+The highest class white men Who lived among the Maoris in the earliest
+time had a high opinion of them and a strong affection for them.  Among
+the whites of this sort was the author of "Old New Zealand;" and Dr.
+Campbell of Auckland was another.  Dr. Campbell was a close friend of
+several chiefs, and has many pleasant things to say of their fidelity,
+their magnanimity, and their generosity.  Also of their quaint notions
+about the white man's queer civilization, and their equally quaint
+comments upon it.  One of them thought the missionary had got everything
+wrong end first and upside down.  "Why, he wants us to stop worshiping
+and supplicating the evil gods, and go to worshiping and supplicating the
+Good One!  There is no sense in that. A good god is not going to do us
+any harm."
+
+The Maoris had the tabu; and had it on a Polynesian scale of
+comprehensiveness and elaboration.  Some of its features could have been
+importations from India and Judea.  Neither the Maori nor the Hindoo of
+common degree could cook by a fire that a person of higher caste had
+used, nor could the high Maori or high Hindoo employ fire that had served
+a man of low grade; if a low-grade Maori or Hindoo drank from a vessel
+belonging to a high-grade man, the vessel was defiled, and had to be
+destroyed.  There were other resemblances between Maori tabu and Hindoo
+caste-custom.
+
+Yesterday a lunatic burst into my quarters and warned me that the Jesuits
+were going to "cook" (poison) me in my food, or kill me on the stage at
+night.  He said a mysterious sign was visible upon my posters and meant
+my death.  He said he saved Rev. Mr. Haweis's life by warning him that
+there were three men on his platform who would kill him if he took his
+eyes off them for a moment during his lecture.  The same men were in my
+audience last night, but they saw that he was there.  "Will they be there
+again to-night?"  He hesitated; then said no, he thought they would
+rather take a rest and chance the poison.  This lunatic has no delicacy.
+But he was not uninteresting.  He told me a lot of things.  He said he
+had "saved so many lecturers in twenty years, that they put him in the
+asylum."  I think he has less refinement than any lunatic I have met.
+
+December 8.  A couple of curious war-monuments here at Wanganui.  One is
+in honor of white men "who fell in defence of law and order against
+fanaticism and barbarism."  Fanaticism.  We Americans are English in
+blood, English in speech, English in religion, English in the essentials
+of our governmental system, English in the essentials of our
+civilization; and so, let us hope, for the honor of the blend, for the
+honor of the blood, for the honor of the race, that that word got there
+through lack of heedfulness, and will not be suffered to remain.  If you
+carve it at Thermopylae, or where Winkelried died, or upon Bunker Hill
+monument, and read it again "who fell in defence of law and order against
+fanaticism" you will perceive what the word means, and how mischosen it
+is.  Patriotism is Patriotism.  Calling it Fanaticism cannot degrade it;
+nothing can degrade it.  Even though it be a political mistake, and a
+thousand times a political mistake, that does not affect it; it is
+honorable always honorable, always noble--and privileged to hold its head
+up and look the nations in the face.  It is right to praise these brave
+white men who fell in the Maori war--they deserve it; but the presence of
+that word detracts from the dignity of their cause and their deeds, and
+makes them appear to have spilt their blood in a conflict with ignoble
+men, men not worthy of that costly sacrifice.  But the men were worthy.
+It was no shame to fight them.  They fought for their homes, they fought
+for their country; they bravely fought and bravely fell; and it would
+take nothing from the honor of the brave Englishmen who lie under the
+monument, but add to it, to say that they died in defense of English laws
+and English homes against men worthy of the sacrifice--the Maori
+patriots.
+
+The other monument cannot be rectified.  Except with dynamite.  It is a
+mistake all through, and a strangely thoughtless one.  It is a monument
+erected by white men to Maoris who fell fighting with the whites and
+against their own people, in the Maori war.  "Sacred to the memory of the
+brave men who fell on the 14th of May, 1864," etc.  On one side are the
+names of about twenty Maoris.  It is not a fancy of mine; the monument
+exists.  I saw it.  It is an object-lesson to the rising generation.  It
+invites to treachery, disloyalty, unpatriotism.  Its lesson, in frank
+terms is, "Desert your flag, slay your people, burn their homes, shame
+your nationality--we honor such."
+
+December 9.  Wellington.  Ten hours from Wanganui by the Fly.
+December 12.  It is a fine city and nobly situated.  A busy place, and
+full of life and movement.  Have spent the three days partly in walking
+about, partly in enjoying social privileges, and largely in idling around
+the magnificent garden at Hutt, a little distance away, around the shore.
+I suppose we shall not see such another one soon.
+
+We are packing to-night for the return-voyage to Australia.  Our stay in
+New Zealand has been too brief; still, we are not unthankful for the
+glimpse which we have had of it.
+
+The sturdy Maoris made the settlement of the country by the whites rather
+difficult.  Not at first--but later.  At first they welcomed the whites,
+and were eager to trade with them--particularly for muskets; for their
+pastime was internecine war, and they greatly preferred the white man's
+weapons to their own.  War was their pastime--I use the word advisedly.
+They often met and slaughtered each other just for a lark, and when there
+was no quarrel.  The author of "Old New Zealand" mentions a case where a
+victorious army could have followed up its advantage and exterminated the
+opposing army, but declined to do it; explaining naively that "if we did
+that, there couldn't be any more fighting."  In another battle one army
+sent word that it was out of ammunition, and would be obliged to stop
+unless the opposing army would send some.  It was sent, and the fight
+went on.
+
+In the early days things went well enough.  The natives sold land without
+clearly understanding the terms of exchange, and the whites bought it
+without being much disturbed about the native's confusion of mind.  But
+by and by the Maori began to comprehend that he was being wronged; then
+there was trouble, for he was not the man to swallow a wrong and go aside
+and cry about it.  He had the Tasmanian's spirit and endurance, and a
+notable share of military science besides; and so he rose against the
+oppressor, did this gallant "fanatic," and started a war that was not
+brought to a definite end until more than a generation had sped.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVI.
+
+There are several good protections against temptations, but the surest is
+cowardice.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Names are not always what they seem.  The common Welsh name Bzjxxllwep is
+pronounced Jackson.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Friday, December 13.   Sailed, at 3 p.m., in the 'Mararoa'.  Summer seas
+and a good ship-life has nothing better.
+
+Monday.  Three days of paradise.  Warm and sunny and smooth; the sea a
+luminous Mediterranean blue .  .  .  .  One lolls in a long chair all day
+under deck-awnings, and reads and smokes, in measureless content.  One
+does not read prose at such a time, but poetry.  I have been reading the
+poems of Mrs. Julia A.  Moore, again, and I find in them the same grace
+and melody that attracted me when they were first published, twenty years
+ago, and have held me in happy bonds ever since.
+
+"The Sentimental Song Book" has long been out of print, and has been
+forgotten by the world in general, but not by me.  I carry it with me
+always--it and Goldsmith's deathless story.
+
+Indeed, it has the same deep charm for me that the Vicar of Wakefield
+has, and I find in it the same subtle touch--the touch that makes an
+intentionally humorous episode pathetic and an intentionally pathetic one
+funny.  In her time Mrs. Moore was called "the Sweet Singer of Michigan,"
+and was best known by that name.  I have read her book through twice
+today, with the purpose of determining which of her pieces has most
+merit, and I am persuaded that for wide grasp and sustained power,
+"William Upson" may claim first place:
+
+WILLIAM UPSON.
+
+Air--"The Major's Only Son."
+Come all good people far and near,
+Oh, come and see what you can hear,
+It's of a young man true and brave,
+That is now sleeping in his grave.
+
+Now, William Upson was his name
+If it's not that, it's all the same
+He did enlist in a cruel strife,
+And it caused him to lose his life.
+
+He was Perry Upson's eldest son,
+His father loved his noble son,
+This son was nineteen years of age
+When first in the rebellion he engaged.
+
+His father said that he might go,
+But his dear mother she said no,
+"Oh! stay at home, dear Billy," she said,
+But she could not turn his head.
+
+He went to Nashville, in Tennessee,
+There his kind friends he could not see;
+He died among strangers, so far away,
+They did not know where his body lay.
+
+He was taken sick and lived four weeks,
+And Oh! how his parents weep,
+But now they must in sorrow mourn,
+For Billy has gone to his heavenly home.
+
+Oh! if his mother could have seen her son,
+For she loved him, her darling son;
+If she could heard his dying prayer,
+It would ease her heart till she met him there.
+
+How it would relieve his mother's heart
+To see her son from this world depart,
+And hear his noble words of love,
+As he left this world for that above.
+
+Now it will relieve his mother's heart,
+For her son is laid in our graveyard;
+For now she knows that his grave is near,
+She will not shed so many tears.
+
+Although she knows not that it was her son,
+For his coffin could not be opened
+It might be someone in his place,
+For she could not see his noble face.
+
+
+December, 17.  Reached Sydney.
+
+December, 19.  In the train.  Fellow of 30 with four valises; a slim
+creature, with teeth which made his mouth look like a neglected
+churchyard.  He had solidified hair--solidified with pomatum; it was all
+one shell.  He smoked the most extraordinary cigarettes--made of some
+kind of manure, apparently.  These and his hair made him smell like the
+very nation.  He had a low-cut vest on, which exposed a deal of frayed
+and broken and unclean shirtfront.  Showy studs, of imitation gold--they
+had made black disks on the linen.  Oversized sleeve buttons of imitation
+gold, the copper base showing through.  Ponderous watch-chain of
+imitation gold.  I judge that he couldn't tell the time by it, for he
+asked Smythe what time it was, once.  He wore a coat which had been gay
+when it was young; 5-o'clock-tea-trousers of a light tint, and
+marvelously soiled; yellow mustache with a dashing upward whirl at the
+ends; foxy shoes, imitation patent leather.  He was a novelty--an
+imitation dude.  He would have been a real one if he could have afforded
+it.  But he was satisfied with himself.  You could see it in his
+expression, and in all his attitudes and movements.  He was living in a
+dude dreamland where all his squalid shams were genuine, and himself a
+sincerity.  It disarmed criticism, it mollified spite, to see him so
+enjoy his imitation languors, and arts, and airs, and his studied
+daintinesses of gesture and misbegotten refinements.  It was plain to me
+that he was imagining himself the Prince of Wales, and was doing
+everything the way he thought the Prince would do it.  For bringing his
+four valises aboard and stowing them in the nettings, he gave his porter
+four cents, and lightly apologized for the smallness of the gratuity
+--just with the condescendingest little royal air in the world.  He
+stretched himself out on the front seat and rested his pomatum-cake on
+the middle arm, and stuck his feet out of the window, and began to pose
+as the Prince and work his dreams and languors for exhibition; and he
+would indolently watch the blue films curling up from his cigarette, and
+inhale the stench, and look so grateful; and would flip the ash away with
+the daintiest gesture, unintentionally displaying his brass ring in the
+most intentional way; why, it was as good as being in Marlborough House
+itself to see him do it so like.
+
+There was other scenery in the trip.  That of the Hawksbury river, in the
+National Park region, fine--extraordinarily fine, with spacious views of
+stream and lake imposingly framed in woody hills; and every now and then
+the noblest groupings of mountains, and the most enchanting
+rearrangements of the water effects.  Further along, green flats, thinly
+covered with gum forests, with here and there the huts and cabins of
+small farmers engaged in raising children.  Still further along, arid
+stretches, lifeless and melancholy.  Then Newcastle, a rushing town,
+capital of the rich coal regions.  Approaching Scone, wide farming and
+grazing levels, with pretty frequent glimpses of a troublesome plant--a
+particularly devilish little prickly pear, daily damned in the orisons of
+the agriculturist; imported by a lady of sentiment, and contributed
+gratis to the colony. Blazing hot, all day.
+
+December 20.  Back to Sydney.  Blazing hot again.  From the newspaper,
+and from the map, I have made a collection of curious names of
+Australasian towns, with the idea of making a poem out of them:
+
+Tumut
+Takee
+Murriwillumba
+Bowral
+Ballarat
+Mullengudgery
+Murrurundi
+Wagga-Wagga
+Wyalong
+Murrumbidgee
+Goomeroo
+Wolloway
+Wangary
+Wanilla
+Worrow
+Koppio
+Yankalilla
+Yaranyacka
+Yackamoorundie
+Kaiwaka
+Coomooroo
+Tauranga
+Geelong
+Tongariro
+Kaikoura
+Wakatipu
+Oohipara
+Waitpinga
+Goelwa
+Munno Para
+Nangkita
+Myponga
+Kapunda
+Kooringa
+Penola
+Nangwarry
+Kongorong
+Comaum
+Koolywurtie
+Killanoola
+Naracoorte
+Muloowurtie
+Binnum
+Wallaroo
+Wirrega
+Mundoora
+Hauraki
+Rangiriri
+Teawamute
+Taranaki
+Toowoomba
+Goondiwindi
+Jerrilderie
+Whangaroa
+Wollongong
+Woolloomooloo
+Bombola
+Coolgardie
+Bendigo
+Coonamble
+Cootamundra
+Woolgoolga
+
+Mittagong
+Jamberoo
+Kondoparinga
+Kuitpo
+Tungkillo
+Oukaparinga
+Talunga
+Yatala
+Parawirra
+Moorooroo
+Whangarei
+Woolundunga
+Booleroo
+Pernatty
+Parramatta
+Taroom
+Narrandera
+Deniliquin
+Kawakawa.
+
+
+It may be best to build the poem now, and make the weather help
+
+                    A SWELTERING DAY IN AUSTRALIA.
+
+          (To be read soft and low, with the lights turned down.)
+
+               The Bombola faints in the hot Bowral tree,
+               Where fierce Mullengudgery's smothering fires
+               Far from the breezes of Coolgardie
+               Burn ghastly and blue as the day expires;
+
+               And Murriwillumba complaineth in song
+               For the garlanded bowers of Woolloomooloo,
+               And the Ballarat Fly and the lone Wollongong
+               They dream of the gardens of Jamberoo;
+
+               The wallabi sighs for the Murrubidgee,
+               For the velvety sod of the Munno Parah,
+               Where the waters of healing from Muloowurtie
+               Flow dim in the gloaming by Yaranyackah;
+
+               The Koppio sorrows for lost Wolloway,
+               And sigheth in secret for Murrurundi,
+               The Whangeroo wombat lamenteth the day
+               That made him an exile from Jerrilderie;
+
+               The Teawamute Tumut from Wirrega's glade,
+               The Nangkita swallow, the Wallaroo swan,
+               They long for the peace of the Timaru shade
+               And thy balmy soft airs, O sweet Mittagong!
+
+               The Kooringa buffalo pants in the sun,
+               The Kondoparinga lies gaping for breath,
+               The Kongorong Camaum to the shadow has won,
+               But the Goomeroo sinks in the slumber of death;
+
+               In the weltering hell of the Moorooroo plain
+               The Yatala Wangary withers and dies,
+               And the Worrow Wanilla, demented with pain,
+               To the Woolgoolga woodlands despairingly flies;
+
+               Sweet Nangwarry's desolate, Coonamble wails,
+               And Tungkillo Kuito in sables is drest,
+               For the Whangerei winds fall asleep in the sails
+               And the Booleroo life-breeze is dead in the west.
+
+               Mypongo, Kapunda, O slumber no more
+               Yankalilla, Parawirra, be warned
+               There's death in the air!
+               Killanoola, wherefore
+               Shall the prayer of Penola be scorned?
+
+               Cootamundra, and Takee, and Wakatipu,
+               Toowoomba, Kaikoura are lost
+               From Onkaparinga to far Oamaru
+               All burn in this hell's holocaust!
+
+               Paramatta and Binnum are gone to their rest
+               In the vale of Tapanni Taroom,
+               Kawakawa, Deniliquin--all that was best
+               In the earth are but graves and a tomb!
+
+               Narrandera mourns, Cameron answers not
+               When the roll of the scathless we cry
+               Tongariro, Goondiwindi, Woolundunga, the spot
+               Is mute and forlorn where ye lie.
+
+Those are good words for poetry.  Among the best I have ever seen.
+There are 81 in the list.  I did not need them all, but I have knocked
+down 66 of them; which is a good bag, it seems to me, for a person not in
+the business.  Perhaps a poet laureate could do better, but a poet
+laureate gets wages, and that is different.  When I write poetry I do not
+get any wages; often I lose money by it.  The best word in that list, and
+the most musical and gurgly, is Woolloomoolloo.  It is a place near
+Sydney, and is a favorite pleasure-resort.  It has eight O's in it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVII.
+
+To succeed in the other trades, capacity must be shown; in the law,
+concealment of it will do.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+MONDAY,--December 23, 1895.  Sailed from Sydney for Ceylon in the P. & O.
+steamer 'Oceana'.  A Lascar crew mans this ship--the first I have seen.
+White cotton petticoat and pants; barefoot; red shawl for belt; straw
+cap, brimless, on head, with red scarf wound around it; complexion a rich
+dark brown; short straight black hair; whiskers fine and silky; lustrous
+and intensely black.  Mild, good faces; willing and obedient people;
+capable, too; but are said to go into hopeless panics when there is
+danger.  They are from Bombay and the coast thereabouts.  Left some of
+the trunks in Sydney, to be shipped to South Africa by a vessel
+advertised to sail three months hence.  The proverb says: "Separate not
+yourself from your baggage."
+
+This 'Oceana' is a stately big ship, luxuriously appointed.  She has
+spacious promenade decks.  Large rooms; a surpassingly comfortable ship.
+The officers' library is well selected; a ship's library is not usually
+that .  .  .  .  For meals, the bugle call, man-of-war fashion; a
+pleasant change from the terrible gong .  .  .  .  Three big cats--very
+friendly loafers; they wander all over the ship; the white one follows
+the chief steward around like a dog.  There is also a basket of kittens.
+One of these cats goes ashore, in port, in England, Australia, and India,
+to see how his various families are getting along, and is seen no more
+till the ship is ready to sail.  No one knows how he finds out the
+sailing date, but no doubt he comes down to the dock every day and takes
+a look, and when he sees baggage and passengers flocking in, recognizes
+that it is time to get aboard.  This is what the sailors believe.  The
+Chief Engineer has been in the China and India trade thirty three years,
+and has had but three Christmases at home in that time .  .  .  .
+Conversational items at dinner, "Mocha! sold all over the world!  It is
+not true.  In fact, very few foreigners except the Emperor of Russia have
+ever seen a grain of it, or ever will, while they live."  Another man
+said: "There is no sale in Australia for Australian wine.  But it goes to
+France and comes back with a French label on it, and then they buy it."
+I have heard that the most of the French-labeled claret in New York is
+made in California.  And I remember what Professor S. told me once about
+Veuve Cliquot--if that was the wine, and I think it was.  He was the
+guest of a great wine merchant whose town was quite near that vineyard,
+and this merchant asked him if very much V. C. was drunk in America.
+
+"Oh, yes," said S., "a great abundance of it."
+
+"Is it easy to be had?"
+
+"Oh, yes--easy as water.  All first and second-class hotels have it."
+
+"What do you pay for it?"
+
+"It depends on the style of the hotel--from fifteen to twenty-five francs
+a bottle."
+
+"Oh, fortunate country!  Why, it's worth 100 francs right here on the
+ground."
+
+"No!"
+
+"Yes!"
+
+"Do you mean that we are drinking a bogus Veuve-Cliquot over there?"
+
+"Yes--and there was never a bottle of the genuine in America since
+Columbus's time.  That wine all comes from a little bit of a patch of
+ground which isn't big enough to raise many bottles; and all of it that
+is produced goes every year to one person--the Emperor of Russia.  He
+takes the whole crop in advance, be it big or little."
+
+January 4, 1898.   Christmas in Melbourne, New Year's Day in Adelaide,
+and saw most of the friends again in both places .  .  .  .  Lying here
+at anchor all day--Albany (King George's Sound), Western Australia.  It
+is a perfectly landlocked harbor, or roadstead--spacious to look at, but
+not deep water.  Desolate-looking rocks and scarred hills.  Plenty of
+ships arriving now, rushing to the new gold-fields.  The papers are full
+of wonderful tales of the sort always to be heard in connection with new
+gold diggings.  A sample: a youth staked out a claim and tried to sell
+half for L5; no takers; he stuck to it fourteen days, starving, then
+struck it rich and sold out for L10,000.  .  .  About sunset, strong
+breeze blowing, got up the anchor.  We were in a small deep puddle, with
+a narrow channel leading out of it, minutely buoyed, to the sea.
+
+I stayed on deck to see how we were going to manage it with such a big
+ship and such a strong wind.  On the bridge our giant captain, in
+uniform; at his side a little pilot in elaborately gold-laced uniform; on
+the forecastle a white mate and quartermaster or two, and a brilliant
+crowd of lascars standing by for business.  Our stern was pointing
+straight at the head of the channel; so we must turn entirely around in
+the puddle--and the wind blowing as described.  It was done, and
+beautifully.  It was done by help of a jib.  We stirred up much mud, but
+did not touch the bottom.  We turned right around in our tracks--a
+seeming impossibility.  We had several casts of quarter-less 5, and one
+cast of half 4--27 feet; we were drawing 26 astern.  By the time we were
+entirely around and pointed, the first buoy was not more than a hundred
+yards in front of us.  It was a fine piece of work, and I was the only
+passenger that saw it.  However, the others got their dinner; the P. & O.
+Company got mine .  .  .  .  More cats developed.  Smythe says it is a
+British law that they must be carried; and he instanced a case of a ship
+not allowed to sail till she sent for a couple.  The bill came, too:
+"Debtor, to 2 cats, 20 shillings." .  .  .  News comes that within this
+week Siam has acknowledged herself to be, in effect, a French province.
+It seems plain that all savage and semi-civilized countries are going to
+be grabbed .  .  .  .  A vulture on board; bald, red, queer-shaped head,
+featherless red places here and there on his body, intense great black
+eyes set in featherless rims of inflamed flesh; dissipated look; a
+businesslike style, a selfish, conscienceless, murderous aspect--the very
+look of a professional assassin, and yet a bird which does no murder.
+What was the use of getting him up in that tragic style for so innocent a
+trade as his?  For this one isn't the sort that wars upon the living, his
+diet is offal--and the more out of date it is the better he likes it.
+Nature should give him a suit of rusty black; then he would be all right,
+for he would look like an undertaker and would harmonize with his
+business; whereas the way he is now he is horribly out of true.
+
+January 5.   At 9 this morning we passed Cape Leeuwin (lioness) and
+ceased from our long due-west course along the southern shore of
+Australia.  Turning this extreme southwestern corner, we now take a long
+straight slant nearly N. W., without a break, for Ceylon.  As we speed
+northward it will grow hotter very fast--but it isn't chilly, now. . . .
+The vulture is from the public menagerie at Adelaide--a great and
+interesting collection.  It was there that we saw the baby tiger solemnly
+spreading its mouth and trying to roar like its majestic mother.  It
+swaggered, scowling, back and forth on its short legs just as it had seen
+her do on her long ones, and now and then snarling viciously, exposing
+its teeth, with a threatening lift of its upper lip and bristling
+moustache; and when it thought it was impressing the visitors, it would
+spread its mouth wide and do that screechy cry which it meant for a roar,
+but which did not deceive.  It took itself quite seriously, and was
+lovably comical.  And there was a hyena--an ugly creature; as ugly as the
+tiger-kitty was pretty.  It repeatedly arched its back and delivered
+itself of such a human cry; a startling resemblance; a cry which was just
+that of a grown person badly hurt.  In the dark one would assuredly go to
+its assistance--and be disappointed .  .  .  .  Many friends of
+Australasian Federation on board.  They feel sure that the good day is
+not far off, now.  But there seems to be a party that would go further
+--have Australasia cut loose from the British Empire and set up
+housekeeping on her own hook.  It seems an unwise idea.  They point to
+the United States, but it seems to me that the cases lack a good deal of
+being alike.  Australasia governs herself wholly--there is no
+interference; and her commerce and manufactures are not oppressed in any
+way.  If our case had been the same we should not have gone out when we
+did.
+
+
+January 13.   Unspeakably hot.  The equator is arriving again.  We are
+within eight degrees of it.  Ceylon present.  Dear me, it is beautiful!
+And most sumptuously tropical, as to character of foliage and opulence of
+it.  "What though the spicy breezes blow soft o'er Ceylon's isle"--an
+eloquent line, an incomparable line; it says little, but conveys whole
+libraries of sentiment, and Oriental charm and mystery, and tropic
+deliciousness--a line that quivers and tingles with a thousand
+unexpressed and inexpressible things, things that haunt one and find no
+articulate voice .  .  .  .  Colombo, the capital.  An Oriental town,
+most manifestly; and fascinating.
+
+In this palatial ship the passengers dress for dinner.  The ladies'
+toilettes make a fine display of color, and this is in keeping with the
+elegance of the vessel's furnishings and the flooding brilliancies of the
+electric light.  On the stormy Atlantic one never sees a man in evening
+dress, except at the rarest intervals; and then there is only one, not
+two; and he shows up but once on the voyage--the night before the ship
+makes port--the night when they have the "concert" and do the amateur
+wailings and recitations.  He is the tenor, as a rule .  .  .  .  There
+has been a deal of cricket-playing on board; it seems a queer game for a
+ship, but they enclose the promenade deck with nettings and keep the ball
+from flying overboard, and the sport goes very well, and is properly
+violent and exciting .  .  .  .  We must part from this vessel here.
+
+January 14.   Hotel Bristol.  Servant Brompy.  Alert, gentle, smiling,
+winning young brown creature as ever was.  Beautiful shining black hair
+combed back like a woman's, and knotted at the back of his head
+--tortoise-shell comb in it, sign that he is a Singhalese; slender, shapely
+form; jacket; under it is a beltless and flowing white cotton gown--from
+neck straight to heel; he and his outfit quite unmasculine.  It was an
+embarrassment to undress before him.
+
+We drove to the market, using the Japanese jinriksha--our first
+acquaintanceship with it.  It is a light cart, with a native to draw it.
+He makes good speed for half-an-hour, but it is hard work for him; he is
+too slight for it.  After the half-hour there is no more pleasure for
+you; your attention is all on the man, just as it would be on a tired
+horse, and necessarily your sympathy is there too.  There's a plenty of
+these 'rickshas, and the tariff is incredibly cheap.
+
+I was in Cairo years ago.  That was Oriental, but there was a lack.  When
+you are in Florida or New Orleans you are in the South--that is granted;
+but you are not in the South; you are in a modified South, a tempered
+South.  Cairo was a tempered Orient--an Orient with an indefinite
+something wanting.  That feeling was not present in Ceylon.  Ceylon was
+Oriental in the last measure of completeness--utterly Oriental; also
+utterly tropical; and indeed to one's unreasoning spiritual sense the two
+things belong together.  All the requisites were present.  The costumes
+were right; the black and brown exposures, unconscious of immodesty, were
+right; the juggler was there, with his basket, his snakes, his mongoose,
+and his arrangements for growing a tree from seed to foliage and ripe
+fruitage before one's eyes; in sight were plants and flowers familiar to
+one on books but in no other way celebrated, desirable, strange, but in
+production restricted to the hot belt of the equator; and out a little
+way in the country were the proper deadly snakes, and fierce beasts of
+prey, and the wild elephant and the monkey.  And there was that swoon in
+the air which one associates with the tropics, and that smother of heat,
+heavy with odors of unknown flowers, and that sudden invasion of purple
+gloom fissured with lightnings,--then the tumult of crashing thunder and
+the downpour and presently all sunny and smiling again; all these things
+were there; the conditions were complete, nothing was lacking.  And away
+off in the deeps of the jungle and in the remotenesses of the mountains
+were the ruined cities and mouldering temples, mysterious relics of the
+pomps of a forgotten time and a vanished race--and this was as it should
+be, also, for nothing is quite satisfyingly Oriental that lacks the
+somber and impressive qualities of mystery and antiquity.
+
+The drive through the town and out to the Galle Face by the seashore,
+what a dream it was of tropical splendors of bloom and blossom, and
+Oriental conflagrations of costume!  The walking groups of men, women,
+boys, girls, babies--each individual was a flame, each group a house
+afire for color.  And such stunning colors, such intensely vivid colors,
+such rich and exquisite minglings and fusings of rainbows and lightnings!
+And all harmonious, all in perfect taste; never a discordant note; never
+a color on any person swearing at another color on him or failing to
+harmonize faultlessly with the colors of any group the wearer might join.
+The stuffs were silk-thin, soft, delicate, clinging; and, as a rule, each
+piece a solid color: a splendid green, a splendid blue, a splendid
+yellow, a splendid purple, a splendid ruby, deep, and rich with
+smouldering fires they swept continuously by in crowds and legions and
+multitudes, glowing, flashing, burning, radiant; and every five seconds
+came a burst of blinding red that made a body catch his breath, and
+filled his heart with joy.  And then, the unimaginable grace of those
+costumes!  Sometimes a woman's whole dress was but a scarf wound about
+her person and her head, sometimes a man's was but a turban and a
+careless rag or two--in both cases generous areas of polished dark skin
+showing--but always the arrangement compelled the homage of the eye and
+made the heart sing for gladness.
+
+I can see it to this day, that radiant panorama, that wilderness of rich
+color, that incomparable dissolving-view of harmonious tints, and lithe
+half-covered forms, and beautiful brown faces, and gracious and graceful
+gestures and attitudes and movements, free, unstudied, barren of
+stiffness and restraint, and--
+
+Just then, into this dream of fairyland and paradise a grating dissonance
+was injected.
+
+Out of a missionary school came marching, two and two, sixteen prim and
+pious little Christian black girls, Europeanly clothed--dressed, to the
+last detail, as they would have been dressed on a summer Sunday in an
+English or American village.  Those clothes--oh, they were unspeakably
+ugly!  Ugly, barbarous, destitute of taste, destitute of grace, repulsive
+as a shroud.  I looked at my womenfolk's clothes--just full-grown
+duplicates of the outrages disguising those poor little abused creatures
+--and was ashamed to be seen in the street with them.  Then I looked at
+my own clothes, and was ashamed to be seen in the street with myself.
+
+However, we must put up with our clothes as they are--they have their
+reason for existing.  They are on us to expose us--to advertise what we
+wear them to conceal.  They are a sign; a sign of insincerity; a sign of
+suppressed vanity; a pretense that we despise gorgeous colors and the
+graces of harmony and form; and we put them on to propagate that lie and
+back it up.  But we do not deceive our neighbor; and when we step into
+Ceylon we realize that we have not even deceived ourselves.  We do love
+brilliant colors and graceful costumes; and at home we will turn out in a
+storm to see them when the procession goes by--and envy the wearers.  We
+go to the theater to look at them and grieve that we can't be clothed
+like that.  We go to the King's ball, when we get a chance, and are glad
+of a sight of the splendid uniforms and the glittering orders.  When we
+are granted permission to attend an imperial drawing-room we shut
+ourselves up in private and parade around in the theatrical court-dress
+by the hour, and admire ourselves in the glass, and are utterly happy;
+and every member of every governor's staff in democratic America does the
+same with his grand new uniform--and if he is not watched he will get
+himself photographed in it, too.  When I see the Lord Mayor's footman I
+am dissatisfied with my lot.  Yes, our clothes are a lie, and have been
+nothing short of that these hundred years.  They are insincere, they are
+the ugly and appropriate outward exposure of an inward sham and a moral
+decay.
+
+The last little brown boy I chanced to notice in the crowds and swarms of
+Colombo had nothing on but a twine string around his waist, but in my
+memory the frank honesty of his costume still stands out in pleasant
+contrast with the odious flummery in which the little Sunday-school
+dowdies were masquerading.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXVIII.
+
+Prosperity is the best protector of principle.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+EVENING--11th.   Sailed in the Rosetta.  This is a poor old ship, and
+ought to be insured and sunk.  As in the 'Oceana', just so here:
+everybody dresses for dinner; they make it a sort of pious duty.  These
+fine and formal costumes are a rather conspicuous contrast to the poverty
+and shabbiness of the surroundings .  .  .  .  If you want a slice of a
+lime at four o'clock tea, you must sign an order on the bar.  Limes cost
+14 cents a barrel.
+
+January 18th.   We have been running up the Arabian Sea, latterly.
+Closing up on Bombay now, and due to arrive this evening.
+
+January 20th.   Bombay!  A bewitching place, a bewildering place, an
+enchanting place--the Arabian Nights come again?  It is a vast city;
+contains about a million inhabitants.  Natives, they are, with a slight
+sprinkling of white people--not enough to have the slightest modifying
+effect upon the massed dark complexion of the public.  It is winter here,
+yet the weather is the divine weather of June, and the foliage is the
+fresh and heavenly foliage of June.  There is a rank of noble great shade
+trees across the way from the hotel, and under them sit groups of
+picturesque natives of both sexes; and the juggler in his turban is there
+with his snakes and his magic; and all day long the cabs and the
+multitudinous varieties of costumes flock by.  It does not seem as if one
+could ever get tired of watching this moving show, this shining and
+shifting spectacle .  .  .  .  In the great bazar the pack and jam of
+natives was marvelous, the sea of rich-colored turbans and draperies an
+inspiring sight, and the quaint and showy Indian architecture was just
+the right setting for it.  Toward sunset another show; this is the drive
+around the sea-shore to Malabar Point, where Lord Sandhurst, the Governor
+of the Bombay Presidency, lives.  Parsee palaces all along the first part
+of the drive; and past them all the world is driving; the private
+carriages of wealthy Englishmen and natives of rank are manned by a
+driver and three footmen in stunning oriental liveries--two of these
+turbaned statues standing up behind, as fine as monuments.  Sometimes
+even the public carriages have this superabundant crew, slightly
+modified--one to drive, one to sit by and see it done, and one to stand
+up behind and yell--yell when there is anybody in the way, and for
+practice when there isn't.  It all helps to keep up the liveliness and
+augment the general sense of swiftness and energy and confusion and
+pow-wow.
+
+In the region of Scandal Point--felicitous name--where there are handy
+rocks to sit on and a noble view of the sea on the one hand, and on the
+other the passing and reprising whirl and tumult of gay carriages, are
+great groups of comfortably-off Parsee women--perfect flower-beds of
+brilliant color, a fascinating spectacle.  Tramp, tramp, tramping along
+the road, in singles, couples, groups, and gangs, you have the
+working-man and the working-woman--but not clothed like ours.  Usually
+the man is a nobly-built great athlete, with not a rag on but his
+loin-handkerchief; his color a deep dark brown, his skin satin, his
+rounded muscles knobbing it as if it had eggs under it.  Usually the
+woman is a slender and shapely creature, as erect as a lightning-rod, and
+she has but one thing on--a bright-colored piece of stuff which is wound
+about her head and her body down nearly half-way to her knees, and which
+clings like her own skin.  Her legs and feet are bare, and so are her
+arms, except for her fanciful bunches of loose silver rings on her ankles
+and on her arms. She has jewelry bunched on the side of her nose also,
+and showy clusterings on her toes.  When she undresses for bed she takes
+off her jewelry, I suppose.  If she took off anything more she would
+catch cold. As a rule she has a large shiney brass water jar of graceful
+shape on her head, and one of her naked arms curves up and the hand holds
+it there. She is so straight, so erect, and she steps with such style,
+and such easy grace and dignity; and her curved arm and her brazen jar
+are such a help to the picture indeed, our working-women cannot begin
+with her as a road-decoration.
+
+It is all color, bewitching color, enchanting color--everywhere all
+around--all the way around the curving great opaline bay clear to
+Government House, where the turbaned big native 'chuprassies' stand
+grouped in state at the door in their robes of fiery red, and do most
+properly and stunningly finish up the splendid show and make it
+theatrically complete.  I wish I were a 'chuprassy'.
+
+This is indeed India! the land of dreams and romance, of fabulous wealth
+and fabulous poverty, of splendor and rags, of palaces and hovels, of
+famine and pestilence, of genii and giants and Aladdin lamps, of tigers
+and elephants, the cobra and the jungle, the country of a hundred nations
+and a hundred tongues, of a thousand religions and two million gods,
+cradle of the human race, birthplace of human speech, mother of history,
+grandmother of legend, great-grandmother of tradition, whose yesterdays
+bear date with the mouldering antiquities of the rest of the nations--the
+one sole country under the sun that is endowed with an imperishable
+interest for alien prince and alien peasant, for lettered and ignorant,
+wise and fool, rich and poor, bond and free, the one land that all men
+desire to see, and having seen once, by even a glimpse, would not give
+that glimpse for the shows of all the rest of the globe combined.
+Even now, after the lapse of a year, the delirium of those days in Bombay
+has not left me, and I hope never will.  It was all new, no detail of it
+hackneyed.  And India did not wait for morning, it began at the hotel
+--straight away.  The lobbies and halls were full of turbaned, and fez'd
+and embroidered, cap'd, and barefooted, and cotton-clad dark natives,
+some of them rushing about, others at rest squatting, or sitting on the
+ground; some of them chattering with energy, others still and dreamy; in
+the dining-room every man's own private native servant standing behind
+his chair, and dressed for a part in the Arabian Nights.
+
+Our rooms were high up, on the front.  A white man--he was a burly German
+--went up with us, and brought three natives along to see to arranging
+things.  About fourteen others followed in procession, with the
+hand-baggage; each carried an article--and only one; a bag, in some
+cases, in other cases less.  One strong native carried my overcoat,
+another a parasol, another a box of cigars, another a novel, and the last
+man in the procession had no load but a fan.  It was all done with
+earnestness and sincerity, there was not a smile in the procession from
+the head of it to the tail of it.  Each man waited patiently, tranquilly,
+in no sort of hurry, till one of us found time to give him a copper, then
+he bent his head reverently, touched his forehead with his fingers, and
+went his way.  They seemed a soft and gentle race, and there was
+something both winning and touching about their demeanor.
+
+There was a vast glazed door which opened upon the balcony.  It needed
+closing, or cleaning, or something, and a native got down on his knees
+and went to work at it.  He seemed to be doing it well enough, but
+perhaps he wasn't, for the burly German put on a look that betrayed
+dissatisfaction, then without explaining what was wrong, gave the native
+a brisk cuff on the jaw and then told him where the defect was.  It
+seemed such a shame to do that before us all.  The native took it with
+meekness, saying nothing, and not showing in his face or manner any
+resentment.  I had not seen the like of this for fifty years.  It carried
+me back to my boyhood, and flashed upon me the forgotten fact that this
+was the usual way of explaining one's desires to a slave.  I was able to
+remember that the method seemed right and natural to me in those days, I
+being born to it and unaware that elsewhere there were other methods; but
+I was also able to remember that those unresented cuffings made me sorry
+for the victim and ashamed for the punisher.  My father was a refined and
+kindly gentleman, very grave, rather austere, of rigid probity, a sternly
+just and upright man, albeit he attended no church and never spoke of
+religious matters, and had no part nor lot in the pious joys of his
+Presbyterian family, nor ever seemed to suffer from this deprivation.  He
+laid his hand upon me in punishment only twice in his life, and then not
+heavily; once for telling him a lie--which surprised me, and showed me
+how unsuspicious he was, for that was not my maiden effort.  He punished
+me those two times only, and never any other member of the family at all;
+yet every now and then he cuffed our harmless slave boy, Lewis, for
+trifling little blunders and awkwardnesses.  My father had passed his life
+among the slaves from his cradle up, and his cuffings proceeded from the
+custom of the time, not from his nature.  When I was ten years old I saw
+a man fling a lump of iron-ore at a slaveman in anger, for merely doing
+something awkwardly--as if that were a crime.  It bounded from the man's
+skull, and the man fell and never spoke again.  He was dead in an hour.
+I knew the man had a right to kill his slave if he wanted to, and yet it
+seemed a pitiful thing and somehow wrong, though why wrong I was not deep
+enough to explain if I had been asked to do it.  Nobody in the village
+approved of that murder, but of course no one said much about it.
+
+It is curious--the space-annihilating power of thought.  For just one
+second, all that goes to make the me in me was in a Missourian village,
+on the other side of the globe, vividly seeing again these forgotten
+pictures of fifty years ago, and wholly unconscious of all things but
+just those; and in the next second I was back in Bombay, and that
+kneeling native's smitten cheek was not done tingling yet!  Back to
+boyhood--fifty years; back to age again, another fifty; and a flight
+equal to the circumference of the globe-all in two seconds by the watch!
+
+Some natives--I don't remember how many--went into my bedroom, now, and
+put things to rights and arranged the mosquito-bar, and I went to bed to
+nurse my cough.  It was about nine in the evening.  What a state of
+things!  For three hours the yelling and shouting of natives in the hall
+continued, along with the velvety patter of their swift bare feet--what a
+racket it was!  They were yelling orders and messages down three flights.
+Why, in the matter of noise it amounted to a riot, an insurrection, a
+revolution.  And then there were other noises mixed up with these and at
+intervals tremendously accenting them--roofs falling in, I judged,
+windows smashing, persons being murdered, crows squawking, and deriding,
+and cursing, canaries screeching, monkeys jabbering, macaws blaspheming,
+and every now and then fiendish bursts of laughter and explosions of
+dynamite.  By midnight I had suffered all the different kinds of shocks
+there are, and knew that I could never more be disturbed by them, either
+isolated or in combination.  Then came peace--stillness deep and solemn
+and lasted till five.
+
+Then it all broke loose again.  And who re-started it?  The Bird of Birds
+the Indian crow.  I came to know him well, by and by, and be infatuated
+with him.  I suppose he is the hardest lot that wears feathers.  Yes, and
+the cheerfulest, and the best satisfied with himself.  He never arrived
+at what he is by any careless process, or any sudden one; he is a work of
+art, and "art is long"; he is the product of immemorial ages, and of deep
+calculation; one can't make a bird like that in a day.  He has been
+reincarnated more times than Shiva; and he has kept a sample of each
+incarnation, and fused it into his constitution.  In the course of his
+evolutionary promotions, his sublime march toward ultimate perfection, he
+has been a gambler, a low comedian, a dissolute priest, a fussy woman, a
+blackguard, a scoffer, a liar, a thief, a spy, an informer, a trading
+politician, a swindler, a professional hypocrite, a patriot for cash, a
+reformer, a lecturer, a lawyer, a conspirator, a rebel, a royalist, a
+democrat, a practicer and propagator of irreverence, a meddler, an
+intruder, a busybody, an infidel, and a wallower in sin for the mere love
+of it.  The strange result, the incredible result, of this patient
+accumulation of all damnable traits is, that be does not know what care
+is, he does not know what sorrow is, he does not know what remorse is,
+his life is one long thundering ecstasy of happiness, and he will go to
+his death untroubled, knowing that he will soon turn up again as an
+author or something, and be even more intolerably capable and comfortable
+than ever he was before.
+
+In his straddling wide forward-step, and his springy side-wise series of
+hops, and his impudent air, and his cunning way of canting his head to
+one side upon occasion, he reminds one of the American blackbird.  But
+the sharp resemblances stop there.  He is much bigger than the blackbird;
+and he lacks the blackbird's trim and slender and beautiful build and
+shapely beak; and of course his sober garb of gray and rusty black is a
+poor and humble thing compared with the splendid lustre of the
+blackbird's metallic sables and shifting and flashing bronze glories.
+The blackbird is a perfect gentleman, in deportment and attire, and is
+not noisy, I believe, except when holding religious services and
+political conventions in a tree; but this Indian sham Quaker is just a
+rowdy, and is always noisy when awake--always chaffing, scolding,
+scoffing, laughing, ripping, and cursing, and carrying on about something
+or other.  I never saw such a bird for delivering opinions.  Nothing
+escapes him; he notices everything that happens, and brings out his
+opinion about it, particularly if it is a matter that is none of his
+business.  And it is never a mild opinion, but always violent--violent
+and profane--the presence of ladies does not affect him.  His opinions
+are not the outcome of reflection, for he never thinks about anything,
+but heaves out the opinion that is on top in his mind, and which is often
+an opinion about some quite different thing and does not fit the case.
+But that is his way; his main idea is to get out an opinion, and if he
+stopped to think he would lose chances.
+
+I suppose he has no enemies among men.  The whites and Mohammedans never
+seemed to molest him; and the Hindoos, because of their religion, never
+take the life of any creature, but spare even the snakes and tigers and
+fleas and rats.  If I sat on one end of the balcony, the crows would
+gather on the railing at the other end and talk about me; and edge
+closer, little by little, till I could almost reach them; and they would
+sit there, in the most unabashed way, and talk about my clothes, and my
+hair, and my complexion, and probable character and vocation and
+politics, and how I came to be in India, and what I  had been doing, and
+how many days I had got for it, and how I had happened to go unhanged
+so long, and when would it probably come off, and might there be more of
+my sort where I came from, and when would they be hanged,--and so on, and
+so on, until I could not longer endure the embarrassment of it; then I
+would shoo them away, and they would circle around in the air a little
+while, laughing and deriding and mocking, and presently settle on the
+rail and do it all over again.
+
+They were very sociable when there was anything to eat--oppressively so.
+With a little encouragement they would come in and light on the table and
+help me eat my breakfast; and once when I was in the other room and they
+found themselves alone, they carried off everything they could lift; and
+they were particular to choose things which they could make no use of
+after they got them.  In India their number is beyond estimate, and their
+noise is in proportion.  I suppose they cost the country more than the
+government does; yet that is not a light matter.  Still, they pay; their
+company pays; it would sadden the land to take their cheerful voice out
+of it.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIX.
+
+By trying we can easily learn to endure adversity.  Another man's,
+I mean.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+You soon find your long-ago dreams of India rising in a sort of vague and
+luscious moonlight above the horizon-rim of your opaque consciousness,
+and softly lighting up a thousand forgotten details which were parts of a
+vision that had once been vivid to you when you were a boy, and steeped
+your spirit in tales of the East.  The barbaric gorgeousnesses, for
+instance; and the princely titles, the sumptuous titles, the sounding
+titles,--how good they taste in the mouth!  The Nizam of Hyderabad; the
+Maharajah of Travancore; the Nabob of Jubbelpore; the Begum of Bhopal;
+the Nawab of Mysore; the Rance of Gulnare; the Ahkoond of Swat's; the Rao
+of Rohilkund; the Gaikwar of Baroda.  Indeed, it is a country that runs
+richly to name.  The great god Vishnu has 108--108 special ones--108
+peculiarly holy ones--names just for Sunday use only.  I learned the
+whole of Vishnu's 108 by heart once, but they wouldn't stay; I don't
+remember any of them now but John W.
+
+And the romances connected with, those princely native houses--to this
+day they are always turning up, just as in the old, old times.  They were
+sweating out a romance in an English court in Bombay a while before we
+were there.  In this case a native prince, 16 1/2 years old, who has been
+enjoying his titles and dignities and estates unmolested for fourteen
+years, is suddenly haled into court on the charge that he is rightfully
+no prince at all, but a pauper peasant; that the real prince died when
+two and one-half years old; that the death was concealed, and a peasant
+child smuggled into the royal cradle, and that this present incumbent was
+that smuggled substitute.  This is the very material that so many
+oriental tales have been made of.
+
+The case of that great prince, the Gaikwar of Baroda, is a reversal of
+the theme.  When that throne fell vacant, no heir could be found for some
+time, but at last one was found in the person of a peasant child who was
+making mud pies in a village street, and having an innocent good time.
+But his pedigree was straight; he was the true prince, and he has reigned
+ever since, with none to dispute his right.
+
+Lately there was another hunt for an heir to another princely house, and
+one was found who was circumstanced about as the Gaikwar had been.  His
+fathers were traced back, in humble life, along a branch of the ancestral
+tree to the point where it joined the stem fourteen generations ago, and
+his heirship was thereby squarely established.  The tracing was done by
+means of the records of one of the great Hindoo shrines, where princes on
+pilgrimage record their names and the date of their visit.  This is to
+keep the prince's religious account straight, and his spiritual person
+safe; but the record has the added value of keeping the pedigree
+authentic, too.
+
+When I think of Bombay now, at this distance of time, I seem to have a
+kaleidoscope at my eye; and I hear the clash of the glass bits as the
+splendid figures change, and fall apart, and flash into new forms, figure
+after figure, and with the birth of each new form I feel my skin crinkle
+and my nerve-web tingle with a new thrill of wonder and delight.  These
+remembered pictures float past me in a sequence of contracts; following
+the same order always, and always whirling by and disappearing with the
+swiftness of a dream, leaving me with the sense that the actuality was
+the experience of an hour, at most, whereas it really covered days, I
+think.
+
+The series begins with the hiring of a "bearer"--native man-servant--a
+person who should be selected with some care, because as long as he is in
+your employ he will be about as near to you as your clothes.
+
+In India your day may be said to begin with the "bearer's" knock on the
+bedroom door, accompanied by a formula of, words--a formula which is
+intended to mean that the bath is ready.  It doesn't really seem to mean
+anything at all.  But that is because you are not used to "bearer"
+English.  You will presently understand.
+
+Where he gets his English is his own secret.  There is nothing like it
+elsewhere in the earth; or even in paradise, perhaps, but the other place
+is probably full of it.  You hire him as soon as you touch Indian soil;
+for no matter what your sex is, you cannot do without him.  He is
+messenger, valet, chambermaid, table-waiter, lady's maid, courier--he is
+everything.  He carries a coarse linen clothes-bag and a quilt; he sleeps
+on the stone floor outside your chamber door, and gets his meals you do
+not know where nor when; you only know that he is not fed on the
+premises, either when you are in a hotel or when you are a guest in a,
+private house.  His wages are large--from an Indian point of view--and he
+feeds and clothes himself out of them.  We had three of him in two and a
+half months.  The first one's rate was thirty rupees a month that is to
+say, twenty-seven cents a day; the rate of the others, Rs. 40 (40 rupees)
+a month.  A princely sum; for the native switchman on a railway and the
+native servant in a private family get only Rs. 7 per month, and the
+farm-hand only 4.  The two former feed and clothe themselves and their
+families on their $1.90 per month; but I cannot believe that the farmhand
+has to feed himself on his $1.08.  I think the farm probably feeds him,
+and that the whole of his wages, except a trifle for the priest, go to
+the support of his family.  That is, to the feeding of his family; for
+they live in a mud hut, hand-made, and, doubtless, rent-free, and they
+wear no clothes; at least, nothing more than a rag.  And not much of a
+rag at that, in the case of the males.  However, these are handsome times
+for the farm-hand; he was not always the child of luxury that he is now.
+The Chief Commissioner of the Central Provinces, in a recent official
+utterance wherein he was rebuking a native deputation for complaining of
+hard times, reminded them that they could easily remember when a
+farm-hand's wages were only half a rupee (former value) a month--that
+is to say, less than a cent a day; nearly $2.90 a year.  If such a
+wage-earner had a good deal of a family--and they all have that, for God
+is very good to these poor natives in some ways--he would save a profit
+of fifteen cents, clean and clear, out of his year's toil; I mean a
+frugal, thrifty person would, not one given to display and ostentation.
+And if he owed $13.50 and took good care of his health, he could pay it
+off in ninety years.  Then he could hold up his head, and look his
+creditors in the face again.
+
+Think of these facts and what they mean.  India does not consist of
+cities.  There are no cities in India--to speak of.  Its stupendous
+population consists of farm-laborers.  India is one vast farm--one almost
+interminable stretch of fields with mud fences between. . .  Think of the
+above facts; and consider what an incredible aggregate of poverty they
+place before you.
+
+The first Bearer that applied, waited below and sent up his
+recommendations.  That was the first morning in Bombay.  We read them
+over; carefully, cautiously, thoughtfully.  There was not a fault to find
+with them--except one; they were all from Americans.  Is that a slur?
+If it is, it is a deserved one.  In my experience, an American's
+recommendation of a servant is not usually valuable.  We are too
+good-natured a race; we hate to say the unpleasant thing; we shrink from
+speaking the unkind truth about a poor fellow whose bread depends upon
+our verdict; so we speak of his good points only, thus not scrupling to
+tell a lie--a silent lie--for in not mentioning his bad ones we as good
+as say he hasn't any.  The only difference that I know of between a
+silent lie and a spoken one is, that the silent lie is a less respectable
+one than the other.  And it can deceive, whereas the other can't--as a
+rule.  We not only tell the silent lie as to a servant's faults, but we
+sin in another way: we overpraise his merits; for when it comes to
+writing recommendations of servants we are a nation of gushers.  And we
+have not the Frenchman's excuse.  In France you must give the departing
+servant a good recommendation; and you must conceal his faults; you have
+no choice.  If you mention his faults for the protection of the next
+candidate for his services, he can sue you for damages; and the court
+will award them, too; and, moreover, the judge will give you a sharp
+dressing-down from the bench for trying to destroy a poor man's
+character, and rob him of his bread.  I do not state this on my own
+authority, I got it from a French physician of fame and repute--a man who
+was born in Paris, and had practiced there all his life.  And he said
+that he spoke not merely from common knowledge, but from exasperating
+personal experience.
+
+As I was saying, the Bearer's recommendations were all from American
+tourists; and St. Peter would have admitted him to the fields of the
+blest on them--I mean if he is as unfamiliar with our people and our ways
+as I suppose he is.  According to these recommendations, Manuel X. was
+supreme in all the arts connected with his complex trade; and these
+manifold arts were mentioned--and praised-in detail.  His English was
+spoken of in terms of warm admiration--admiration verging upon rapture.
+I took pleased note of that, and hoped that some of it might be true.
+
+We had to have some one right away; so the family went down stairs and
+took him a week on trial; then sent him up to me and departed on their
+affairs.  I was shut up in my quarters with a bronchial cough, and glad
+to have something fresh to look at, something new to play with.  Manuel
+filled the bill; Manuel was very welcome.  He was toward fifty years old,
+tall, slender, with a slight stoop--an artificial stoop, a deferential
+stoop, a stoop rigidified by long habit--with face of European mould;
+short hair intensely black; gentle black eyes, timid black eyes, indeed;
+complexion very dark, nearly black in fact; face smooth-shaven.  He was
+bareheaded and barefooted, and was never otherwise while his week with us
+lasted; his clothing was European, cheap, flimsy, and showed much wear.
+
+He stood before me and inclined his head (and body) in the pathetic
+Indian way, touching his forehead with the finger--ends of his right
+hand, in salute.  I said:
+
+"Manuel, you are evidently Indian, but you seem to have a Spanish name
+when you put it all together.  How is that?"
+
+A perplexed look gathered in his face; it was plain that he had not
+understood--but he didn't let on.  He spoke back placidly.
+
+"Name, Manuel.  Yes, master."
+
+"I know; but how did you get the name?"
+
+"Oh, yes, I suppose.  Think happen so.  Father same name, not mother."
+
+I saw that I must simplify my language and spread my words apart, if I
+would be understood by this English scholar.
+
+"Well--then--how--did--your--father--get--his name?"
+
+"Oh, he,"--brightening a little--"he Christian--Portygee; live in Goa; I
+born Goa; mother not Portygee, mother native-high-caste Brahmin--Coolin
+Brahmin; highest caste; no other so high caste.  I high-caste Brahmin,
+too.  Christian, too, same like father; high-caste Christian Brahmin,
+master--Salvation Army."
+
+All this haltingly, and with difficulty.  Then he had an inspiration, and
+began to pour out a flood of words that I could make nothing of; so I
+said:
+
+"There--don't do that.  I can't understand Hindostani."
+
+"Not Hindostani, master--English.  Always I speaking English sometimes
+when I talking every day all the time at you."
+
+"Very well, stick to that; that is intelligible.  It is not up to my
+hopes, it is not up to the promise of the recommendations, still it is
+English, and I understand it.  Don't elaborate it; I don't like
+elaborations when they are crippled by uncertainty of touch."
+
+"Master?"
+
+"Oh, never mind; it was only a random thought; I didn't expect you to
+understand it.  How did you get your English; is it an acquirement, or
+just a gift of God?"
+
+After some hesitation--piously:
+
+"Yes, he very good.  Christian god very good, Hindoo god very good, too.
+Two million Hindoo god, one Christian god--make two million and one.  All
+mine; two million and one god.  I got a plenty.  Sometime I pray all time
+at those, keep it up, go all time every day; give something at shrine,
+all good for me, make me better man; good for me, good for my family, dam
+good."
+
+Then he had another inspiration, and went rambling off into fervent
+confusions and incoherencies, and I had to stop him again.  I thought we
+had talked enough, so I told him to go to the bathroom and clean it up
+and remove the slops--this to get rid of him.  He went away, seeming to
+understand, and got out some of my clothes and began to brush them.  I
+repeated my desire several times, simplifying and re-simplifying it, and
+at last he got the idea.  Then he went away and put a coolie at the work,
+and explained that he would lose caste if he did it himself; it would be
+pollution, by the law of his caste, and it would cost him a deal of fuss
+and trouble to purify himself and accomplish his rehabilitation.  He said
+that that kind of work was strictly forbidden to persons of caste, and as
+strictly restricted to the very bottom layer of Hindoo society--the
+despised 'Sudra' (the toiler, the laborer).  He was right; and apparently
+the poor Sudra has been content with his strange lot, his insulting
+distinction, for ages and ages--clear back to the beginning of things, so
+to speak.  Buckle says that his name--laborer--is a term of contempt;
+that it is ordained by the Institutes of Menu (900 B.C.) that if a Sudra
+sit on a level with his superior he shall be exiled or branded--[Without
+going into particulars I will remark that as a rule they wear no clothing
+that would conceal the brand.--M. T.].  .  . ; if he speak
+contemptuously of his superior or insult him he shall suffer death; if he
+listen to the reading of the sacred books he shall have burning oil
+poured in his ears; if he memorize passages from them he shall be killed;
+if he marry his daughter to a Brahmin the husband shall go to hell for
+defiling himself by contact with a woman so infinitely his inferior; and
+that it is forbidden to a Sudra to acquire wealth.  "The bulk of the
+population of India," says Bucklet--[Population to-day, 300,000,000.]
+--"is the Sudras--the workers, the farmers, the creators of wealth."
+
+Manuel was a failure, poor old fellow.  His age was against him.  He was
+desperately slow and phenomenally forgetful.  When he went three blocks
+on an errand he would be gone two hours, and then forget what it was he
+went for.  When he packed a trunk it took him forever, and the trunk's
+contents were an unimaginable chaos when he got done.  He couldn't wait
+satisfactorily at table--a prime defect, for if you haven't your own
+servant in an Indian hotel you are likely to have a slow time of it and
+go away hungry.  We couldn't understand his English; he couldn't
+understand ours; and when we found that he couldn't understand his own,
+it seemed time for us to part.  I had to discharge him; there was no help
+for it.  But I did it as kindly as I could, and as gently.  We must part,
+said I, but I hoped we should meet again in a better world.  It was not
+true, but it was only a little thing to say, and saved his feelings and
+cost me nothing.
+
+But now that he was gone, and was off my mind and heart, my spirits began
+to rise at once, and I was soon feeling brisk and ready to go out and
+have adventures.  Then his newly-hired successor flitted in, touched his
+forehead, and began to fly around here, there, and everywhere, on his
+velvet feet, and in five minutes he had everything in the room
+"ship-shape and Bristol fashion," as the sailors say, and was standing at
+the salute, waiting for orders.  Dear me, what a rustler he was after the
+slumbrous way of Manuel, poor old slug!  All my heart, all my affection,
+all my admiration, went out spontaneously to this frisky little forked
+black thing, this compact and compressed incarnation of energy and force
+and promptness and celerity and confidence, this smart, smily, engaging,
+shiney-eyed little devil, feruled on his upper end by a gleaming
+fire-coal of a fez with a red-hot tassel dangling from it.  I said,
+with deep satisfaction--
+
+"You'll suit.  What is your name?"
+
+He reeled it mellowly off.
+
+"Let me see if I can make a selection out of it--for business uses, I
+mean; we will keep the rest for Sundays.  Give it to me in installments."
+
+He did it.  But there did not seem to be any short ones, except
+Mousawhich suggested mouse.  It was out of character; it was too soft,
+too quiet, too conservative; it didn't fit his splendid style.  I
+considered, and said--
+
+"Mousa is short enough, but I don't quite like it.  It seems colorless
+--inharmonious--inadequate; and I am sensitive to such things.  How do you
+think Satan would do?"
+
+"Yes, master.  Satan do wair good."
+
+It was his way of saying "very good."
+
+There was a rap at the door.  Satan covered the ground with a single
+skip; there was a word or two of Hindostani, then he disappeared.  Three
+minutes later he was before me again, militarily erect, and waiting for
+me to speak first.
+
+"What is it, Satan?"
+
+"God want to see you."
+
+"Who?"
+
+"God.  I show him up, master?"
+
+"Why, this is so unusual, that--that--well, you see indeed I am so
+unprepared--I don't quite know what I do mean.  Dear me, can't you
+explain?  Don't you see that this is a most ex----"
+
+"Here his card, master."
+
+Wasn't it curious--and amazing, and tremendous, and all that?  Such a
+personage going around calling on such as I, and sending up his card,
+like a mortal--sending it up by Satan.  It was a bewildering collision of
+the impossibles.  But this was the land of the Arabian Nights, this was
+India! and what is it that cannot happen in India?
+
+We had the interview.  Satan was right--the Visitor was indeed a God in
+the conviction of his multitudinous followers, and was worshiped by them
+in sincerity and humble adoration.  They are troubled by no doubts as to
+his divine origin and office.  They believe in him, they pray to him,
+they make offerings to him, they beg of him remission of sins; to them
+his person, together with everything connected with it, is sacred; from
+his barber they buy the parings of his nails and set them in gold, and
+wear them as precious amulets.
+
+I tried to seem tranquilly conversational and at rest, but I was not.
+Would you have been?  I was in a suppressed frenzy of excitement and
+curiosity and glad wonder.  I could not keep my eyes off him.  I was
+looking upon a god, an actual god, a recognized and accepted god; and
+every detail of his person and his dress had a consuming interest for me.
+And the thought went floating through my head, "He is worshiped--think of
+it--he is not a recipient of the pale homage called compliment, wherewith
+the highest human clay must make shift to be satisfied, but of an
+infinitely richer spiritual food: adoration, worship!--men and women lay
+their cares and their griefs and their broken hearts at his feet; and he
+gives them his peace; and they go away healed."
+
+And just then the Awful Visitor said, in the simplest way--"There is a
+feature of the philosophy of Huck Finn which"--and went luminously on
+with the construction of a compact and nicely-discriminated literary
+verdict.
+
+It is a land of surprises--India!  I had had my ambitions--I had hoped,
+and almost expected, to be read by kings and presidents and emperors--but
+I had never looked so high as That.  It would be false modesty to pretend
+that I was not inordinately pleased.  I was.  I was much more pleased
+than I should have been with a compliment from a man.
+
+He remained half an hour, and I found him a most courteous and charming
+gentleman.  The godship has been in his family a good while, but I do not
+know how long.  He is a Mohammedan deity; by earthly rank he is a prince;
+not an Indian but a Persian prince.  He is a direct descendant of the
+Prophet's line.  He is comely; also young--for a god; not forty, perhaps
+not above thirty-five years old.  He wears his immense honors with
+tranquil brace, and with a dignity proper to his awful calling.  He
+speaks English with the ease and purity of a person born to it.  I think
+I am not overstating this.  He was the only god I had ever seen, and I
+was very favorably impressed.  When he rose to say good-bye, the door
+swung open and I caught the flash of a red fez, and heard these words,
+reverently said--
+
+"Satan see God out?"
+
+"Yes." And these mis-mated Beings passed from view Satan in the lead and
+The Other following after.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XL.
+
+Few of us can stand prosperity.  Another man's, I mean.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The next picture in my mind is Government House, on Malabar Point, with
+the wide sea-view from the windows and broad balconies; abode of His
+Excellency the Governor of the Bombay Presidency--a residence which is
+European in everything but the native guards and servants, and is a home
+and a palace of state harmoniously combined.
+
+That was England, the English power, the English civilization, the modern
+civilization--with the quiet elegancies and quiet colors and quiet tastes
+and quiet dignity that are the outcome of the modern cultivation.  And
+following it came a picture of the ancient civilization of India--an hour
+in the mansion of a native prince: Kumar Schri Samatsinhji Bahadur of the
+Palitana State.
+
+The young lad, his heir, was with the prince; also, the lad's sister, a
+wee brown sprite, very pretty, very serious, very winning, delicately
+moulded, costumed like the daintiest butterfly, a dear little fairyland
+princess, gravely willing to be friendly with the strangers, but in the
+beginning preferring to hold her father's hand until she could take stock
+of them and determine how far they were to be trusted.  She must have
+been eight years old; so in the natural (Indian) order of things she
+would be a bride in three or four years from now, and then this free
+contact with the sun and the air and the other belongings of out-door
+nature and comradeship with visiting male folk would end, and she would
+shut herself up in the zenana for life, like her mother, and by inherited
+habit of mind would be happy in that seclusion and not look upon it as an
+irksome restraint and a weary captivity.
+
+The game which the prince amuses his leisure with--however, never mind
+it, I should never be able to describe it intelligibly.  I tried to get
+an idea of it while my wife and daughter visited the princess in the
+zenana, a lady of charming graces and a fluent speaker of English, but I
+did not make it out.  It is a complicated game, and I believe it is said
+that nobody can learn to play it well--but an Indian.  And I was not able
+to learn how to wind a turban.  It seemed a simple art and easy; but that
+was a deception.  It is a piece of thin, delicate stuff a foot wide or
+more, and forty or fifty feet long; and the exhibitor of the art takes
+one end of it in his hands, and winds it in and out intricately about his
+head,  twisting it as he goes, and in a minute or two the thing is
+finished, and is neat and symmetrical and fits as snugly as a mould.
+
+We were interested in the wardrobe and the jewels, and in the silverware,
+and its grace of shape and beauty and delicacy of ornamentation.  The
+silverware is kept locked up, except at meal-times, and none but the
+chief butler and the prince have keys to the safe.  I did not clearly
+understand why, but it was not for the protection of the silver.  It was
+either to protect the prince from the contamination which his caste would
+suffer if the vessels were touched by low-caste hands, or it was to
+protect his highness from poison.  Possibly it was both.  I believe a
+salaried taster has to taste everything before the prince ventures it--an
+ancient and judicious custom in the East, and has thinned out the tasters
+a good deal, for of course it is the cook that puts the poison in.  If I
+were an Indian prince I would not go to the expense of a taster, I would
+eat with the cook.
+
+Ceremonials are always interesting; and I noted that the Indian
+good-morning is a ceremonial, whereas ours doesn't amount to that.  In
+salutation the son reverently touches the father's forehead with a small
+silver implement tipped with vermillion paste which leaves a red spot
+there, and in return the son receives the father's blessing.  Our good
+morning is well enough for the rowdy West, perhaps, but would be too
+brusque for the soft and ceremonious East.
+
+After being properly necklaced, according to custom, with great garlands
+made of yellow flowers, and provided with betel-nut to chew, this
+pleasant visit closed, and we passed thence to a scene of a different
+sort: from this glow of color and this sunny life to those grim
+receptacles of the Parsee dead, the Towers of Silence.  There is
+something stately about that name, and an impressiveness which sinks
+deep; the hush of death is in it.  We have the Grave, the Tomb, the
+Mausoleum, God's Acre, the Cemetery; and association has made them
+eloquent with solemn meaning; but we have no name that is so majestic as
+that one, or lingers upon the ear with such deep and haunting pathos.
+
+On lofty ground, in the midst of a paradise of tropical foliage and
+flowers, remote from the world and its turmoil and noise, they stood--the
+Towers of Silence; and away below was spread the wide groves of cocoa
+palms, then the city, mile on mile, then the ocean with its fleets of
+creeping ships all steeped in a stillness as deep as the hush that
+hallowed this high place of the dead.  The vultures were there.  They
+stood close together in a great circle all around the rim of a massive
+low tower--waiting; stood as motionless as sculptured ornaments, and
+indeed almost deceived one into the belief that that was what they were.
+Presently there was a slight stir among the score of persons present, and
+all moved reverently out of the path and ceased from talking.  A funeral
+procession entered the great gate, marching two and two, and moved
+silently by, toward the Tower.  The corpse lay in a shallow shell, and
+was under cover of a white cloth, but was otherwise naked.  The bearers
+of the body were separated by an interval of thirty feet from the
+mourners.  They, and also the mourners, were draped all in pure white,
+and each couple of mourners was figuratively bound together by a piece of
+white rope or a handkerchief--though they merely held the ends of it in
+their hands.  Behind the procession followed a dog, which was led in a
+leash.  When the mourners had reached the neighborhood of the Tower
+--neither they nor any other human being but the bearers of the dead must
+approach within thirty feet of it--they turned and went back to one of
+the prayer-houses within the gates, to pray for the spirit of their dead.
+The bearers unlocked the Tower's sole door and disappeared from view
+within.  In a little while they came out bringing the bier and the white
+covering-cloth, and locked the door again.  Then the ring of vultures
+rose, flapping their wings, and swooped down into the Tower to devour the
+body.  Nothing was left of it but a clean-picked skeleton when they
+flocked-out again a few minutes afterward.
+
+The principle which underlies and orders everything connected with a
+Parsee funeral is Purity.  By the tenets of the Zoroastrian religion, the
+elements, Earth, Fire, and Water, are sacred, and must not be
+contaminated by contact with a dead body.  Hence corpses must not be
+burned, neither must they be buried.  None may touch the dead or enter
+the Towers where they repose except certain men who are officially
+appointed for that purpose.  They receive high pay, but theirs is a
+dismal life, for they must live apart from their species, because their
+commerce with the dead defiles them, and any who should associate with
+them would share their defilement.  When they come out of the Tower the
+clothes they are wearing are exchanged for others, in a building within
+the grounds, and the ones which they have taken off are left behind, for
+they are contaminated, and must never be used again or suffered to go
+outside the grounds.  These bearers come to every funeral in new
+garments.  So far as is known, no human being, other than an official
+corpse-bearer--save one--has ever entered a Tower of Silence after its
+consecration.  Just a hundred years ago a European rushed in behind the
+bearers and fed his brutal curiosity with a glimpse of the forbidden
+mysteries of the place.  This shabby savage's name is not given; his
+quality is also concealed.  These two details, taken in connection with
+the fact that for his extraordinary offense the only punishment he got
+from the East India Company's Government was a solemn official
+"reprimand"--suggest the suspicion that he was a European of consequence.
+The same public document which contained the reprimand gave warning that
+future offenders of his sort, if in the Company's service, would be
+dismissed; and if merchants, suffer revocation of license and exile to
+England.
+
+The Towers are not tall, but are low in proportion to their
+circumference, like a gasometer.  If you should fill a gasometer half way
+up with solid granite masonry, then drive a wide and deep well down
+through the center of this mass of masonry, you would have the idea of a
+Tower of Silence.  On the masonry surrounding the well the bodies lie, in
+shallow trenches which radiate like wheel-spokes from the well.  The
+trenches slant toward the well and carry into it the rainfall.
+Underground drains, with charcoal filters in them, carry off this water
+from the bottom of the well.
+
+When a skeleton has lain in the Tower exposed to the rain and the flaming
+sun a month it is perfectly dry and clean.  Then the same bearers that
+brought it there come gloved and take it up with tongs and throw it into
+the well.  There it turns to dust.  It is never seen again, never touched
+again, in the world.  Other peoples separate their dead, and preserve and
+continue social distinctions in the grave--the skeletons of kings and
+statesmen and generals in temples and pantheons proper to skeletons of
+their degree, and the skeletons of the commonplace and the poor in places
+suited to their meaner estate; but the Parsees hold that all men rank
+alike in death--all are humble, all poor, all destitute.  In sign of
+their poverty they are sent to their grave naked, in sign of their
+equality the bones of the rich, the poor, the illustrious and the obscure
+are flung into the common well together.  At a Parsee funeral there are
+no vehicles; all concerned must walk, both rich and poor, howsoever great
+the distance to be traversed may be.  In the wells of the Five Towers of
+Silence is mingled the dust of all the Parsee men and women and children
+who have died in Bombay and its vicinity during the two centuries which
+have elapsed since the Mohammedan conquerors drove the Parsees out of
+Persia, and into that region of India.  The earliest of the five towers
+was built by the Modi family something more than 200 years ago, and it is
+now reserved to the heirs of that house; none but the dead of that blood
+are carried thither.
+
+The origin of at least one of the details of a Parsee funeral is not now
+known--the presence of the dog.  Before a corpse is borne from the house
+of mourning it must be uncovered and exposed to the gaze of a dog; a dog
+must also be led in the rear of the funeral.  Mr. Nusserwanjee Byranijee,
+Secretary to the Parsee Punchayet, said that these formalities had once
+had a meaning and a reason for their institution, but that they were
+survivals whose origin none could now account for.  Custom and tradition
+continue them in force, antiquity hallows them.  It is thought that in
+ancient times in Persia the dog was a sacred animal and could guide souls
+to heaven; also that his eye had the power of purifying objects which had
+been contaminated by the touch of the dead; and that hence his presence
+with the funeral cortege provides an ever-applicable remedy in case of
+need.
+
+The Parsees claim that their method of disposing of the dead is an
+effective protection of the living; that it disseminates no corruption,
+no impurities of any sort, no disease-germs; that no wrap, no garment
+which has touched the dead is allowed to touch the living afterward; that
+from the Towers of Silence nothing proceeds which can carry harm to the
+outside world.  These are just claims, I think.  As a sanitary measure,
+their system seems to be about the equivalent of cremation, and as sure.
+We are drifting slowly--but hopefully--toward cremation in these days.
+It could not be expected that this progress should be swift, but if it be
+steady and continuous, even if slow, that will suffice.  When cremation
+becomes the rule we shall cease to shudder at it; we should shudder at
+burial if we allowed ourselves to think what goes on in the grave.
+
+The dog was an impressive figure to me, representing as he did a mystery
+whose key is lost.  He was humble, and apparently depressed; and he let
+his head droop pensively, and looked as if he might be trying to call
+back to his mind what it was that he had used to symbolize ages ago when
+he began his function.  There was another impressive thing close at hand,
+but I was not privileged to see it.  That was the sacred fire--a fire
+which is supposed to have been burning without interruption for more than
+two centuries; and so, living by the same heat that was imparted to it so
+long ago.
+
+The Parsees are a remarkable community.  There are only about 60,000 in
+Bombay, and only about half as many as that in the rest of India; but
+they make up in importance what they lack in numbers.  They are highly
+educated, energetic, enterprising, progressive, rich, and the Jew himself
+is not more lavish or catholic in his charities and benevolences.  The
+Parsees build and endow hospitals, for both men and animals; and they and
+their womenkind keep an open purse for all great and good objects.  They
+are a political force, and a valued support to the government.  They have
+a pure and lofty religion, and they preserve it in its integrity and
+order their lives by it.
+
+We took a final sweep of the wonderful view of plain and city and ocean,
+and so ended our visit to the garden and the Towers of Silence; and the
+last thing I noticed was another symbol--a voluntary symbol this one; it
+was a vulture standing on the sawed-off top of a tall and slender and
+branchless palm in an open space in the ground; he was perfectly
+motionless, and looked like a piece of sculpture on a pillar.  And he had
+a mortuary look, too, which was in keeping with the place.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLI.
+
+There is an old-time toast which is golden for its beauty.
+"When you ascend the hill of prosperity may you not meet a friend."
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The next picture that drifts across the field of my memory is one which
+is connected with religious things.  We were taken by friends to see a
+Jain temple.  It was small, and had many flags or streamers flying from
+poles standing above its roof; and its little battlements supported a
+great many small idols or images.  Upstairs, inside, a solitary Jain was
+praying or reciting aloud in the middle of the room.  Our presence did
+not interrupt him, nor even incommode him or modify his fervor.  Ten or
+twelve feet in front of him was the idol, a small figure in a sitting
+posture.  It had the pinkish look of a wax doll, but lacked the doll's
+roundness of limb and approximation to correctness of form and justness
+of proportion.  Mr. Gandhi explained every thing to us.  He was delegate
+to the Chicago Fair Congress of Religions.  It was lucidly done, in
+masterly English, but in time it faded from me, and now I have nothing
+left of that episode but an impression: a dim idea of a religious belief
+clothed in subtle intellectual forms, lofty and clean, barren of fleshly
+grossnesses; and with this another dim impression which connects that
+intellectual system somehow with that crude image, that inadequate idol
+--how, I do not know. Properly they do not seem to belong together.
+Apparently the idol symbolized a person who had become a saint or a god
+through accessions of steadily augmenting holiness acquired through a
+series of reincarnations and promotions extending over many ages; and was
+now at last a saint and qualified to vicariously receive worship and
+transmit it to heaven's chancellery.  Was that it?
+
+And thence we went to Mr. Premchand Roychand's bungalow, in Lovelane,
+Byculla, where an Indian prince was to receive a deputation of the Jain
+community who desired to congratulate him upon a high honor lately
+conferred upon him by his sovereign, Victoria, Empress of India.  She had
+made him a knight of the order of the Star of India.  It would seem that
+even the grandest Indian prince is glad to add the modest title "Sir" to
+his ancient native grandeurs, and is willing to do valuable service to
+win it.  He will remit taxes liberally, and will spend money freely upon
+the betterment of the condition of his subjects, if there is a knighthood
+to be gotten by it.  And he will also do good work and a deal of it to
+get a gun added to the salute allowed him by the British Government.
+Every year the Empress distributes knighthoods and adds guns for public
+services done by native princes.  The salute of a small prince is three
+or four guns; princes of greater consequence have salutes that run higher
+and higher, gun by gun,--oh, clear away up to eleven; possibly more, but
+I did not hear of any above eleven-gun princes.  I was told that when a
+four-gun prince gets a gun added, he is pretty troublesome for a while,
+till the novelty wears off, for he likes the music, and keeps hunting up
+pretexts to get himself saluted.  It may be that supremely grand folk,
+like the Nyzam of Hyderabad and the Gaikwar of Baroda, have more than
+eleven guns, but I don't know.
+
+When we arrived at the bungalow, the large hall on the ground floor was
+already about full, and carriages were still flowing into the grounds.
+The company present made a fine show, an exhibition of human fireworks,
+so to speak, in the matters of costume and comminglings of brilliant
+color.  The variety of form noticeable in the display of turbans was
+remarkable.  We were told that the explanation of this was, that this
+Jain delegation was drawn from many parts of India, and that each man
+wore the turban that was in vogue in his own region.  This diversity of
+turbans made a beautiful effect.
+
+I could have wished to start a rival exhibition there, of Christian hats
+and clothes.  I would have cleared one side of the room of its Indian
+splendors and repacked the space with Christians drawn from America,
+England, and the Colonies, dressed in the hats and habits of now, and of
+twenty and forty and fifty years ago.  It would have been a hideous
+exhibition, a thoroughly devilish spectacle.  Then there would have been
+the added disadvantage of the white complexion.  It is not an unbearably
+unpleasant complexion when it keeps to itself, but when it comes into
+competition with masses of brown and black the fact is betrayed that it
+is endurable only because we are used to it.  Nearly all black and brown
+skins are beautiful, but a beautiful white skin is rare.  How rare, one
+may learn by walking down a street in Paris, New York, or London on a
+week-day particularly an unfashionable street--and keeping count of the
+satisfactory complexions encountered in the course of a mile.  Where dark
+complexions are massed, they make the whites look bleached-out,
+unwholesome, and sometimes frankly ghastly.  I could notice this as a
+boy, down South in the slavery days before the war.  The splendid black
+satin skin of the South African Zulus of Durban seemed to me to come very
+close to perfection.  I can see those Zulus yet--'ricksha athletes
+waiting in front of the hotel for custom; handsome and intensely black
+creatures, moderately clothed in loose summer stuffs whose snowy
+whiteness made the black all the blacker by contrast.  Keeping that group
+in my mind, I can compare those complexions with the white ones which are
+streaming past this London window now:
+
+     A lady.  Complexion, new parchment.  Another lady.  Complexion, old
+     parchment.
+
+     Another.  Pink and white, very fine.
+
+     Man.  Grayish skin, with purple areas.
+
+     Man.  Unwholesome fish-belly skin.
+
+     Girl.  Sallow face, sprinkled with freckles.
+
+     Old woman.  Face whitey-gray.
+
+     Young butcher.  Face a general red flush.
+
+     Jaundiced man--mustard yellow.
+
+     Elderly lady.  Colorless skin, with two conspicuous moles.
+
+     Elderly man--a drinker.  Boiled-cauliflower nose in a flabby face
+     veined with purple crinklings.
+
+     Healthy young gentleman.  Fine fresh complexion.
+
+     Sick young man.  His face a ghastly white.
+
+No end of people whose skins are dull and characterless modifications of
+the tint which we miscall white.  Some of these faces are pimply; some
+exhibit other signs of diseased blood; some show scars of a tint out of a
+harmony with the surrounding shades of color.  The white man's complexion
+makes no concealments.  It can't.  It seemed to have been designed as a
+catch-all for everything that can damage it.  Ladies have to paint it,
+and powder it, and cosmetic it, and diet it with arsenic, and enamel it,
+and be always enticing it, and persuading it, and pestering it, and
+fussing at it, to make it beautiful; and they do not succeed.  But these
+efforts show what they think of the natural complexion, as distributed.
+As distributed it needs these helps.  The complexion which they try to
+counterfeit is one which nature restricts to the few--to the very few.
+To ninety-nine persons she gives a bad complexion, to the hundredth a
+good one.  The hundredth can keep it--how long?  Ten years, perhaps.
+
+The advantage is with the Zulu, I think.  He starts with a beautiful
+complexion, and it will last him through.  And as for the Indian brown
+--firm, smooth, blemishless, pleasant and restful to the eye, afraid of no
+color, harmonizing with all colors and adding a grace to them all--I
+think there is no sort of chance for the average white complexion against
+that rich and perfect tint.
+
+To return to the bungalow.  The most gorgeous costume present were worn
+by some children.  They seemed to blaze, so bright were the colors, and
+so brilliant the jewels strum over the rich materials.  These children
+were professional nautch-dancers, and looked like girls, but they were
+boys, They got up by ones and twos and fours, and danced and sang to an
+accompaniment of weird music.  Their posturings and gesturings were
+elaborate and graceful, but their voices were stringently raspy and
+unpleasant, and there was a good deal of monotony about the tune.
+
+By and by there was a burst of shouts and cheers outside and the prince
+with his train entered in fine dramatic style.  He was a stately man, he
+was ideally costumed, and fairly festooned with ropes of gems; some of
+the ropes were of pearls, some were of uncut great emeralds--emeralds
+renowned in Bombay for their quality and value.  Their size was
+marvelous, and enticing to the eye, those rocks.  A boy--a princeling
+--was with the prince, and he also was a radiant exhibition.
+
+The ceremonies were not tedious.  The prince strode to his throne with
+the port and majesty--and the sternness--of a Julius Caesar coming to
+receive and receipt for a back-country kingdom and have it over and get
+out, and no fooling.  There was a throne for the young prince, too, and
+the two sat there, side by side, with their officers grouped at either
+hand and most accurately and creditably reproducing the pictures which
+one sees in the books--pictures which people in the prince's line of
+business have been furnishing ever since Solomon received the Queen of
+Sheba and showed her his things.  The chief of the Jain delegation read
+his paper of congratulations, then pushed it into a beautifully engraved
+silver cylinder, which was delivered with ceremony into the prince's
+hands and at once delivered by him without ceremony into the hands of an
+officer.  I will copy the address here.  It is interesting, as showing
+what an Indian prince's subject may have opportunity to thank him for in
+these days of modern English rule, as contrasted with what his ancestor
+would have given them opportunity to thank him for a century and a half
+ago--the days of freedom unhampered by English interference.  A century
+and a half ago an address of thanks could have been put into small space.
+It would have thanked the prince--
+
+     1.  For not slaughtering too many of his people upon mere caprice;
+
+     2.  For not stripping them bare by sudden and arbitrary tax levies,
+     and bringing famine upon them;
+
+     3.  For not upon empty pretext destroying the rich and seizing their
+     property;
+
+     4.  For not killing, blinding, imprisoning, or banishing the
+     relatives of the royal house to protect the throne from possible
+     plots;
+
+     5.  For not betraying the subject secretly, for a bribe, into the
+     hands of bands of professional Thugs, to be murdered and robbed in
+     the prince's back lot.
+
+Those were rather common princely industries in the old times, but they
+and some others of a harsh sort ceased long ago under English rule.
+Better industries have taken their place, as this Address from the Jain
+community will show:
+
+     "Your Highness,--We the undersigned members of the Jain community of
+     Bombay have the pleasure to approach your Highness with the
+     expression of our heartfelt congratulations on the recent conference
+     on your Highness of the Knighthood of the Most Exalted Order of the
+     Star of India.  Ten years ago we had the pleasure and privilege of
+     welcoming your Highness to this city under circumstances which have
+     made a memorable epoch in the history of your State, for had it not
+     been for a generous and reasonable spirit that your Highness
+     displayed in the negotiations between the Palitana Durbar and the
+     Jain community, the conciliatory spirit that animated our people
+     could not have borne fruit.  That was the first step in your
+     Highness's administration, and it fitly elicited the praise of the
+     Jain community, and of the Bombay Government.  A decade of your
+     Highness's administration, combined with the abilities, training,
+     and acquirements that your Highness brought to bear upon it, has
+     justly earned for your Highness the unique and honourable
+     distinction--the Knighthood of the Most Exalted Order of the Star of
+     India, which we understand your Highness is the first to enjoy among
+     Chiefs of your, Highness's rank and standing.  And we assure your
+     Highness that for this mark of honour that has been conferred on you
+     by Her Most Gracious Majesty, the Queen-Empress, we feel no less
+     proud than your Highness.  Establishment of commercial factories,
+     schools, hospitals, etc., by your Highness in your State has marked
+     your Highness's career during these ten years, and we trust that
+     your Highness will be spared to rule over your people with wisdom
+     and foresight, and foster the many reforms that your Highness has
+     been pleased to introduce in your State.  We again offer your
+     Highness our warmest felicitations for the honour that has been
+     conferred on you.  We beg to remain your Highness's obedient
+     servants."
+
+Factories, schools, hospitals, reforms.  The prince propagates that kind
+of things in the modern times, and gets knighthood and guns for it.
+
+After the address the prince responded with snap and brevity; spoke a
+moment with half a dozen guests in English, and with an official or two
+in a native tongue; then the garlands were distributed as usual, and the
+function ended.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLII.
+
+Each person is born to one possession which outvalues all his others--his
+last breath.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Toward midnight, that night, there was another function.  This was a
+Hindoo wedding--no, I think it was a betrothal ceremony.  Always before,
+we had driven through streets that were multitudinous and tumultuous with
+picturesque native life, but now there was nothing of that.  We seemed to
+move through a city of the dead.  There was hardly a suggestion of life
+in those still and vacant streets.  Even the crows were silent.  But
+everywhere on the ground lay sleeping natives-hundreds and hundreds.
+They lay stretched at full length and tightly wrapped in blankets, beads
+and all.  Their attitude and their rigidity counterfeited death.  The
+plague was not in Bombay then, but it is devastating the city now.  The
+shops are deserted, now, half of the people have fled, and of the
+remainder the smitten perish by shoals every day.  No doubt the city
+looks now in the daytime as it looked then at night.  When we had pierced
+deep into the native quarter and were threading its narrow dim lanes, we
+had to go carefully, for men were stretched asleep all about and there
+was hardly room to drive between them.  And every now and then a swarm of
+rats would scamper across past the horses' feet in the vague light--the
+forbears of the rats that are carrying the plague from house to house in
+Bombay now. The shops were but sheds, little booths open to the street;
+and the goods had been removed, and on the counters families were
+sleeping, usually with an oil lamp present.  Recurrent dead  watches, it
+looked like.
+
+But at last we turned a corner and saw a great glare of light ahead.  It
+was the home of the bride, wrapped in a perfect conflagration of
+illuminations,--mainly gas-work designs, gotten up specially for the
+occasion.  Within was abundance of brilliancy--flames, costumes, colors,
+decorations, mirrors--it was another Aladdin show.
+
+The bride was a trim and comely little thing of twelve years, dressed as
+we would dress a boy, though more expensively than we should do it, of
+course.  She moved about very much at her ease, and stopped and talked
+with the guests and allowed her wedding jewelry to be examined.  It was
+very fine.  Particularly a rope of great diamonds, a lovely thing to look
+at and handle.  It had a great emerald hanging to it.
+
+The bridegroom was not present.  He was having betrothal festivities of
+his own at his father's house.  As I understood it, he and the bride were
+to entertain company every night and nearly all night for a week or more,
+then get married, if alive.  Both of the children were a little elderly,
+as brides and grooms go, in India--twelve; they ought to have been
+married a year or two sooner; still to a, stranger twelve seems quite
+young enough.
+
+A while after midnight a couple of celebrated and high-priced
+nautch-girls appeared in the gorgeous place, and danced and sang.  With
+them were men who played upon strange instruments which made uncanny
+noises of a sort to make one's flesh creep.  One of these instruments was
+a pipe, and to its music the girls went through a performance which
+represented snake charming.  It seemed a doubtful sort of music to charm
+anything with, but a native gentleman assured me that snakes like it and
+will come out of their holes and listen to it with every evidence of
+refreshment And gratitude.  He said that at an entertainment in his
+grounds once, the pipe brought out half a dozen snakes, and the music had
+to be stopped before they would be persuaded to go.  Nobody wanted their
+company, for they were bold, familiar, and dangerous; but no one would
+kill them, of course, for it is sinful for a Hindoo to kill any kind of a
+creature.
+
+We withdrew from the festivities at two in the morning.  Another picture,
+then--but it has lodged itself in my memory rather as a stage-scene than
+as a reality.  It is of a porch and short flight of steps crowded with
+dark faces and ghostly-white draperies flooded with the strong glare from
+the dazzling concentration of illuminations; and midway of the steps one
+conspicuous figure for accent--a turbaned giant, with a name according to
+his size: Rao Bahadur Baskirao Balinkanje Pitale, Vakeel to his Highness
+the Gaikwar of Baroda.  Without him the picture would not have been
+complete; and if his name had been merely Smith, he wouldn't have
+answered.  Close at hand on house-fronts on both sides of the narrow
+street were illuminations of a kind commonly employed by the natives
+--scores of glass tumblers (containing tapers) fastened a few in inches
+apart all over great latticed frames, forming starry constellations which
+showed out vividly against their black back grounds.  As we  drew away
+into the distance down the dim lanes the illuminations gathered together
+into a single mass, and glowed out of the enveloping darkness like a sun.
+
+Then again the deep silence, the skurrying rats, the dim forms stretched
+every-where on the ground; and on either hand those open booths
+counterfeiting sepulchres, with counterfeit corpses sleeping motionless
+in the flicker of the counterfeit death lamps.  And now, a year later,
+when I read the cablegrams I seem to be reading of what I myself partly
+saw--saw before it happened--in a prophetic dream, as it were.  One
+cablegram says, "Business in the native town is about suspended.  Except
+the wailing and the tramp of the funerals.  There is but little life or
+movement.  The closed shops exceed in number those that remain open."
+Another says that 325,000 of the people have fled the city and are
+carrying the plague to the country.  Three days later comes the news,
+"The population is reduced by half."  The refugees have carried the
+disease to Karachi; "220 cases, 214 deaths."  A day or two later, "52
+fresh cases, all of which proved fatal."
+
+The plague carries with it a terror which no other disease can excite;
+for of all diseases known to men it is the deadliest--by far the
+deadliest.  "Fifty-two fresh cases--all fatal."  It is the Black Death
+alone that slays like that.  We can all imagine, after a fashion, the
+desolation of a plague-stricken city, and the stupor of stillness broken
+at intervals by distant bursts of wailing, marking the passing of
+funerals, here and there and yonder, but I suppose it is not possible for
+us to realize to ourselves the nightmare of dread and fear that possesses
+the living who are present in such a place and cannot get away.  That
+half million fled from Bombay in a wild panic suggests to us something of
+what they were feeling, but perhaps not even they could realize what the
+half million were feeling whom they left stranded behind to face the
+stalking horror without chance of escape.  Kinglake was in Cairo many
+years ago during an epidemic of the Black Death, and he has imagined the
+terrors that creep into a man's heart at such a time and follow him until
+they themselves breed the fatal sign in the armpit, and then the delirium
+with confused images, and home-dreams, and reeling billiard-tables, and
+then the sudden blank of death:
+
+     "To the contagionist, filled as he is with the dread of final
+     causes, having no faith in destiny, nor in the fixed will of God,
+     and with none of the devil-may-care indifference which might stand
+     him instead of creeds--to such one, every rag that shivers in the
+     breeze of a plague-stricken city has this sort of sublimity.  If by
+     any terrible ordinance he be forced to venture forth, be sees death
+     dangling from every sleeve; and, as he creeps forward, he poises his
+     shuddering limbs between the imminent jacket that is stabbing at his
+     right elbow and the murderous pelisse that threatens to mow him
+     clean down as it sweeps along on his left.  But most of all he
+     dreads that which most of all he should love--the touch of a woman's
+     dress; for mothers and wives, hurrying forth on kindly errands from
+     the bedsides of the dying, go slouching along through the streets
+     more willfully and less courteously than the men.  For a while it
+     may be that the caution of the poor Levantine may enable him to
+     avoid contact, but sooner or later, perhaps, the dreaded chance
+     arrives; that bundle of linen, with the dark tearful eyes at the top
+     of it, that labors along with the voluptuous clumsiness of Grisi
+     --she has touched the poor Levantine with the hem of her sleeve!  From
+     that dread moment his peace is gone; his mind for ever hanging upon
+     the fatal touch invites the blow which he fears; he watches for the
+     symptoms of plague so carefully, that sooner or later they come in
+     truth.  The parched mouth is a sign--his mouth is parched; the
+     throbbing brain--his brain does throb; the rapid pulse--he touches
+     his own wrist (for he dares not ask counsel of any man lest he be
+     deserted), he touches his wrist, and feels how his frighted blood
+     goes galloping out of his heart.  There is nothing but the fatal
+     swelling that is wanting to make his sad conviction complete;
+     immediately, he has an odd feel under the arm--no pain, but a little
+     straining of the skin; he would to God it were his fancy that were
+     strong enough to give him that sensation; this is the worst of all.
+     It now seems to him that he could be happy and contented with his
+     parched mouth, and his throbbing brain, and his rapid pulse, if only
+     he could know that there were no swelling under the left arm; but
+     dares he try?--in a moment of calmness and deliberation he dares
+     not; but when for a while he has writhed under the torture of
+     suspense, a sudden strength of will drives him to seek and know his
+     fate; he touches the gland, and finds the skin sane and sound but
+     under the cuticle there lies a small lump like a pistol-bullet, that
+     moves as he pushes it.  Oh! but is this for all certainty, is this
+     the sentence of death?  Feel the gland of the other arm.  There is
+     not the same lump exactly, yet something a little like it.  Have not
+     some people glands naturally enlarged?--would to heaven he were one!
+     So he does for himself the work of the plague, and when the Angel of
+     Death thus courted does indeed and in truth come, he has only to
+     finish that which has been so well begun; he passes his fiery hand
+     over the brain of the victim, and lets him rave for a season, but
+     all chance-wise, of people and things once dear, or of people and
+     things indifferent.  Once more the poor fellow is back at his home
+     in fair Provence, and sees the sundial that stood in his childhood's
+     garden--sees his mother, and the long-since forgotten face of that
+     little dear sister--(he sees her, he says, on a Sunday morning, for
+     all the church bells are ringing); he looks up and down through the
+     universe, and owns it well piled with bales upon bales of cotton,
+     and cotton eternal--so much so that he feels--he knows--he swears he
+     could make that winning hazard, if the billiard-table would not
+     slant upwards, and if the cue were a cue worth playing with; but it
+     is not--it's a cue that won't move--his own arm won't move--in
+     short, there's the devil to pay in the brain of the poor Levantine;
+     and perhaps, the next night but one he becomes the 'life and the
+     soul' of some squalling jackal family, who fish him out by the foot
+     from his shallow and sandy grave."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIII.
+
+Hunger is the handmaid of genius
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+One day during our stay in Bombay there was a criminal trial of a most
+interesting sort, a terribly realistic chapter out of the "Arabian
+Nights," a strange mixture of simplicities and pieties and murderous
+practicalities, which brought back the forgotten days of Thuggee and made
+them live again; in fact, even made them believable.  It was a case where
+a young girl had been assassinated for the sake of her trifling
+ornaments, things not worth a laborer's day's wages in America.  This
+thing could have been done in many other countries, but hardly with the
+cold business-like depravity, absence of fear, absence of caution,
+destitution of the sense of horror, repentance, remorse, exhibited in
+this case.  Elsewhere the murderer would have done his crime secretly, by
+night, and without witnesses; his fears would have allowed him no peace
+while the dead body was in his neighborhood; he would not have rested
+until he had gotten it safe out of the way and hidden as effectually as
+he could hide it.  But this Indian murderer does his deed in the full
+light of day, cares nothing for the society of witnesses, is in no way
+incommoded by the presence of the corpse, takes his own time about
+disposing of it, and the whole party are so indifferent, so phlegmatic,
+that they take their regular sleep as if nothing was happening and no
+halters hanging over them; and these five bland people close the episode
+with a religious service. The thing reads like a Meadows-Taylor Thug-tale
+of half a century ago, as may be seen by the official report of the
+trial:
+
+     "At the Mazagon Police Court yesterday, Superintendent Nolan again
+     charged Tookaram Suntoo Savat Baya, woman, her daughter Krishni, and
+     Gopal Yithoo Bhanayker, before Mr. Phiroze Hoshang Dastur, Fourth
+     Presidency Magistrate, under sections 302 and 109 of the Code, with
+     having on the night of the 30th of December last murdered a Hindoo
+     girl named Cassi, aged 12, by strangulation, in the room of a chawl
+     at Jakaria Bunder, on the Sewriroad, and also with aiding and
+     abetting each other in the commission of the offense.
+
+     "Mr. F. A. Little, Public Prosecutor, conducted the case on behalf
+     of the Crown, the accused being undefended.
+
+     "Mr. Little applied under the provisions of the Criminal Procedure
+     Code to tender pardon to one of the accused, Krishni, woman, aged
+     22, on her undertaking to make a true and full statement of facts
+     under which the deceased girl Cassi was murdered.
+
+     "The Magistrate having granted the Public Prosecutor's application,
+     the accused Krishni went into the witness-box, and, on being
+     examined by Mr. Little, made the following confession:--I am a
+     mill-hand employed at the Jubilee Mill.  I recollect the day
+     (Tuesday); on which the body of the deceased Cassi was found.
+     Previous to that I attended the mill for half a day, and then
+     returned home at 3 in the afternoon, when I saw five persons in the
+     house, viz.: the first accused Tookaram, who is my paramour, my
+     mother, the second accused Baya, the accused Gopal, and two guests
+     named Ramji Daji and Annaji Gungaram.  Tookaram rented the room of
+     the chawl situated at Jakaria Bunder-road from its owner,
+     Girdharilal Radhakishan, and in that room I, my paramour, Tookaram,
+     and his younger brother, Yesso Mahadhoo, live.  Since his arrival in
+     Bombay from his native country Yesso came and lived with us.  When I
+     returned from the mill on the afternoon of that day, I saw the two
+     guests seated on a cot in the veranda, and a few minutes after the
+     accused Gopal came and took his seat by their side, while I and my
+     mother were seated inside the room.  Tookaram, who had gone out to
+     fetch some 'pan' and betelnuts, on his return home had brought the
+     two guests with him.  After returning home he gave them 'pan
+     supari'.  While they were eating it my mother came out of the room
+     and inquired of one of the guests, Ramji, what had happened to his
+     foot, when he replied that he had tried many remedies, but they had
+     done him no good.  My mother then took some rice in her hand and
+     prophesied that the disease which Ramji was suffering from would not
+     be cured until he returned to his native country.  In the meantime
+     the deceased Casi came from the direction of an out-house, and stood
+     in front on the threshold of our room with a 'lota' in her hand.
+     Tookaram then told his two guests to leave the room, and they then
+     went up the steps towards the quarry.  After the guests had gone
+     away, Tookaram seized the deceased, who had come into the room, and
+     he afterwards put a waistband around her, and tied her to a post
+     which supports a loft. After doing this, he pressed the girl's
+     throat, and, having tied her mouth with the 'dhotur' (now shown in
+     Court), fastened it to the post.  Having killed the girl, Tookaram
+     removed her gold head ornament and a gold 'putlee', and also took
+     charge of her 'lota'. Besides these two ornaments Cassi had on her
+     person ear-studs a nose-ring, some silver toe-rings, two necklaces,
+     a pair of silver anklets and bracelets.  Tookaram afterwards tried
+     to remove the silver amulets, the ear-studs, and the nose-ring; but
+     he failed in his attempt.  While he was doing so, I, my mother, and
+     Gopal were present.  After removing the two gold ornaments, he
+     handed them over to Gopal, who was at the time standing near me.
+     When he killed Cassi, Tookaram threatened to strangle me also if I
+     informed any one of this.  Gopal and myself were then standing at
+     the door of our room, and we both were threatened by Tookaram.  My
+     mother, Baya, had seized the legs of the deceased at the time she
+     was killed, and whilst she was being tied to the post.  Cassi then
+     made a noise. Tookaram and my mother took part in killing the girl.
+     After the murder her body was wrapped up in a mattress and kept on
+     the loft over the door of our room.  When Cassi was strangled, the
+     door of the room was fastened from the inside by Tookaram.  This
+     deed was committed shortly after my return home from work in the
+     mill. Tookaram put the body of the deceased in the mattress, and,
+     after it was left on the loft, he went to have his head shaved by a
+     barber named Sambhoo Raghoo, who lives only one door away from me.
+     My mother and myself then remained in the possession of the
+     information.  I was slapped and threatened by my paramour, Tookaram,
+     and that was the only reason why I did not inform any one at that
+     time.  When I told Tookaram that I would give information of the
+     occurrence, he slapped me.  The accused Gopal was asked by Tookaram
+     to go back to his room, and he did so, taking away with him the two
+     gold ornaments and the 'lota'.  Yesso Mahadhoo, a brother-in-law of
+     Tookaram, came to the house and asked Taokaram why he was washing,
+     the water-pipe being just opposite.  Tookaram replied that he was
+     washing his dhotur, as a fowl had polluted it.  About 6 o'clock of
+     the evening of that day my mother gave me three pice and asked me to
+     buy a cocoanut, and I gave the money to Yessoo, who went and fetched
+     a cocoanut and some betel leaves.  When Yessoo and others were in
+     the room I was bathing, and, after I finished my bath, my mother
+     took the cocoanut and the betel leaves from Yessoo, and we five went
+     to the sea.  The party consisted of Tookaram, my mother, Yessoo,
+     Tookaram's younger brother, and myself.  On reaching the seashore,
+     my mother made the offering to the sea, and prayed to be pardoned
+     for what we had done.  Before we went to the sea, some one came to
+     inquire after the girl Cassi.  The police and other people came to
+     make these inquiries both before and after we left the house for the
+     seashore.  The police questioned my mother about the girl, and she
+     replied that Cassi had come to her door, but had left.  The next day
+     the police questioned Tookaram, and he, too, gave a similar reply.
+     This was said the same night when the search was made for the girl.
+     After the offering was made to the sea, we partook of the cocoanut
+     and returned home, when my mother gave me some food; but Tookaram
+     did not partake of any food that night.  After dinner I and my
+     mother slept inside the room, and Tookaram slept on a cot near his
+     brother-in-law, Yessoo Mahadhoo, just outside the door.  That was
+     not the usual place where Tookaram slept.  He usually slept inside
+     the room.  The body of the deceased remained on the loft when I went
+     to sleep.  The room in which we slept was locked, and I heard that
+     my paramour, Tookaram, was restless outside.  About 3 o'clock the
+     following morning Tookaram knocked at the door, when both myself and
+     my mother opened it.  He then told me to go to the steps leading to
+     the quarry, and see if any one was about.  Those steps lead to a
+     stable, through which we go to the quarry at the back of the
+     compound.  When I got to the steps I saw no one there.  Tookaram
+     asked me if any one was there, and I replied that I could see no one
+     about.  He then took the body of the deceased from the loft, and
+     having wrapped it up in his saree, asked me to accompany him to the
+     steps of the quarry, and I did so.  The 'saree' now produced here
+     was the same.  Besides the 'saree', there was also a 'cholee' on the
+     body.  He then carried the body in his arms, and went up the steps,
+     through the stable, and then to the right hand towards a Sahib's
+     bungalow, where Tookaram placed the body near a wall.  All the time
+     I and my mother were with him.  When the body was taken down, Yessoo
+     was lying on the cot.  After depositing the body under the wall, we
+     all returned home, and soon after 5 a.m.  the police again came and
+     took Tookaram away.  About an hour after they returned and took me
+     and my mother away.  We were questioned about it, when I made a
+     statement.  Two hours later I was taken to the room, and I pointed
+     out this waistband, the 'dhotur', the mattress, and the wooden post
+     to Superintendent Nolan and Inspectors Roberts and Rashanali, in the
+     presence of my mother and Tookaram.  Tookaram killed the girl Cassi
+     for her ornaments, which he wanted for the girl to whom he was
+     shortly going to be married.  The body was found in the same place
+     where it was deposited by Tookaram."
+
+The criminal side of the native has always been picturesque, always
+readable.  The Thuggee and one or two other particularly outrageous
+features of it have been suppressed by the English, but there is enough
+of it left to keep it darkly interesting.  One finds evidence of these
+survivals in the newspapers.  Macaulay has a light-throwing passage upon
+this matter in his great historical sketch of Warren Hastings, where he
+is describing some effects which followed the temporary paralysis of
+Hastings' powerful government brought about by Sir Philip Francis and his
+party:
+
+     "The natives considered Hastings as a fallen man; and they acted
+     after their kind.  Some of our readers may have seen, in India, a
+     cloud of crows pecking a sick vulture to death--no bad type of what
+     happens in that country as often as fortune deserts one who has been
+     great and dreaded.  In an instant all the sycophants, who had lately
+     been ready to lie for him, to forge for him, to pander for him, to
+     poison for him, hasten to purchase the favor of his victorious
+     enemies by accusing him.  An Indian government has only to let it be
+     understood that it wishes a particular man to be ruined, and in
+     twenty-four hours it will be furnished with grave charges, supported
+     by depositions so full and circumstantial that any person
+     unaccustomed to Asiatic mendacity would regard them as decisive.  It
+     is well if the signature of the destined victim is not counterfeited
+     at the foot of some illegal compact, and if some treasonable paper
+     is not slipped into a hiding-place in his house."
+
+That was nearly a century and a quarter ago.  An article in one of the
+chief journals of India (the Pioneer) shows that in some respects the
+native of to-day is just what his ancestor was then.  Here are niceties
+of so subtle and delicate a sort that they lift their breed of rascality
+to a place among the fine arts, and almost entitle it to respect:
+
+     "The records of the Indian courts might certainly be relied upon to
+     prove that swindlers as a class in the East come very close to, if
+     they do not surpass, in brilliancy of execution and originality of
+     design the most expert of their fraternity in Europe and America.
+     India in especial is the home of forgery.  There are some particular
+     districts which are noted as marts for the finest specimens of the
+     forger's handiwork.  The business is carried on by firms who possess
+     stores of stamped papers to suit every emergency.  They habitually
+     lay in a store of fresh stamped papers every year, and some of the
+     older and more thriving houses can supply documents for the past
+     forty years, bearing the proper water-mark and possessing the
+     genuine appearance of age.  Other districts have earned notoriety
+     for skilled perjury, a pre-eminence that excites a respectful
+     admiration when one thinks of the universal prevalence of the art,
+     and persons desirous of succeeding in false suits are ready to pay
+     handsomely to avail themselves of the services of these local
+     experts as witnesses."
+
+Various instances illustrative of the methods of these swindlers are
+given.  They exhibit deep cunning and total depravity on the part of the
+swindler and his pals, and more obtuseness on the part of the victim than
+one would expect to find in a country where suspicion of your neighbor
+must surely be one of the earliest things learned.  The favorite subject
+is the young fool who has just come into a fortune and is trying to see
+how poor a use he can put it to.  I will quote one example:
+
+     "Sometimes another form of confidence trick is adopted, which is
+     invariably successful.  The particular pigeon is spotted, and, his
+     acquaintance having been made, he is encouraged in every form of
+     vice.  When the friendship is thoroughly established, the swindler
+     remarks to the young man that he has a brother who has asked him to
+     lend him Rs.10,000.  The swindler says he has the money and would
+     lend it; but, as the borrower is his brother, he cannot charge
+     interest.  So he proposes that he should hand the dupe the money,
+     and the latter should lend it to the swindler's brother, exacting a
+     heavy pre-payment of interest which, it is pointed out, they may
+     equally enjoy in dissipation.  The dupe sees no objection, and on
+     the appointed day receives Rs.7,000 from the swindler, which he
+     hands over to the confederate.  The latter is profuse in his thanks,
+     and executes a promissory note for Rs.10,000, payable to bearer.
+     The swindler allows the scheme to remain quiescent for a time, and
+     then suggests that, as the money has not been repaid and as it would
+     be unpleasant to sue his brother, it would be better to sell the
+     note in the bazaar.  The dupe hands the note over, for the money he
+     advanced was not his, and, on being informed that it would be
+     necessary to have his signature on the back so as to render the
+     security negotiable, he signs without any hesitation.  The swindler
+     passes it on to confederates, and the latter employ a respectable
+     firm of solicitors to ask the dupe if his signature is genuine.  He
+     admits it at once, and his fate is sealed.  A suit is filed by a
+     confederate against the dupe, two accomplices being made
+     co-defendants.  They admit their Signatures as indorsers, and the
+     one swears he bought the note for value from the dupe.  The latter
+     has no defense, for no court would believe the apparently idle
+     explanation of the manner in which he came to endorse the note."
+
+There is only one India!  It is the only country that has a monopoly of
+grand and imposing specialties.  When another country has a remarkable
+thing, it cannot have it all to itself--some other country has a
+duplicate.  But India--that is different.  Its marvels are its own; the
+patents cannot be infringed; imitations are not possible.  And think of
+the size of them, the majesty of them, the weird and outlandish character
+of the most of them!
+
+There is the Plague, the Black Death: India invented it; India is the
+cradle of that mighty birth.
+
+The Car of Juggernaut was India's invention.
+
+So was the Suttee; and within the time of men still living eight hundred
+widows willingly, and, in fact, rejoicingly, burned themselves to death
+on the bodies of their dead husbands in a single year.  Eight hundred
+would do it this year if the British government would let them.
+
+Famine is India's specialty.  Elsewhere famines are inconsequential
+incidents--in India they are devastating cataclysms; in one case they
+annihilate hundreds; in the other, millions.
+
+India had 2,000,000 gods, and worships them all.  In religion all other
+countries are paupers; India is the only millionaire.
+
+With her everything is on a giant scale--even her poverty; no other
+country can show anything to compare with it.  And she has been used to
+wealth on so vast a scale that she has to shorten to single words the
+expressions describing great sums.  She describes 100,000 with one word
+--a 'lahk'; she describes ten millions with one word--a 'crore'.
+
+In the bowels of the granite mountains she has patiently carved out
+dozens of vast temples, and made them glorious with sculptured colonnades
+and stately groups of statuary, and has adorned the eternal walls with
+noble paintings.  She has built fortresses of such magnitude that the
+show-strongholds of the rest of the world are but modest little things by
+comparison; palaces that are wonders for rarity of materials, delicacy
+and beauty of workmanship, and for cost; and one tomb which men go around
+the globe to see.  It takes eighty nations, speaking eighty languages, to
+people her, and they number three hundred millions.
+
+On top of all this she is the mother and home of that wonder of wonders
+caste--and of that mystery of mysteries, the satanic brotherhood of the
+Thugs.
+
+India had the start of the whole world in the beginning of things.  She
+had the first civilization; she had the first accumulation of material
+wealth; she was populous with deep thinkers and subtle intellects; she
+had mines, and woods, and a fruitful soil.  It would seem as if she
+should have kept the lead, and should be to-day not the meek dependent of
+an alien master, but mistress of the world, and delivering law and
+command to every tribe and nation in it.  But, in truth, there was never
+any possibility of such supremacy for her.  If there had been but one
+India and one language--but there were eighty of them!  Where there are
+eighty nations and several hundred governments, fighting and quarreling
+must be the common business of life; unity of purpose and policy are
+impossible; out of such elements supremacy in the world cannot come.
+Even caste itself could have had the defeating effect of a multiplicity
+of tongues, no doubt; for it separates a people into layers, and layers,
+and still other layers, that have no community of feeling with each
+other; and in such a condition of things as that, patriotism can have no
+healthy growth.
+
+It was the division of the country into so many States and nations that
+made Thuggee possible and prosperous.  It is difficult to realize the
+situation.  But perhaps one may approximate it by imagining the States of
+our Union peopled by separate nations, speaking separate languages, with
+guards and custom-houses strung along all frontiers, plenty of
+interruptions for travelers and traders, interpreters able to handle all
+the languages very rare or non-existent, and a few wars always going on
+here and there and yonder as a further embarrassment to commerce and
+excursioning.  It would make intercommunication in a measure ungeneral.
+India had eighty languages, and more custom-houses than cats.  No clever
+man with the instinct of a highway robber could fail to notice what a
+chance for business was here offered.  India was full of clever men with
+the highwayman instinct, and so, quite naturally, the brotherhood of the
+Thugs came into being to meet the long-felt want.
+
+How long ago that was nobody knows-centuries, it is supposed.  One of the
+chiefest wonders connected with it was the success with which it kept its
+secret.  The English trader did business in India two hundred years and
+more before he ever heard of it; and yet it was assassinating its
+thousands all around him every year, the whole time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIV.
+
+The old saw says, "Let a sleeping dog lie."  Right....  Still, when there
+is much at stake it is better to get a newspaper to do it.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+FROM DIARY:
+
+January 28.   I learned of an official Thug-book the other day.  I was
+not aware before that there was such a thing.  I am allowed the temporary
+use of it.  We are making preparations for travel.  Mainly the
+preparations are purchases of bedding.  This is to be used in sleeping
+berths in the trains; in private houses sometimes; and in nine-tenths of
+the hotels.  It is not realizable; and yet it is true.  It is a survival;
+an apparently unnecessary thing which in some strange way has outlived
+the conditions which once made it necessary.  It comes down from a time
+when the railway and the hotel did not exist; when the occasional white
+traveler went horseback or by bullock-cart, and stopped over night in the
+small dak-bungalow provided at easy distances by the government--a
+shelter, merely, and nothing more.  He had to carry bedding along, or do
+without.  The dwellings of the English residents are spacious and
+comfortable and commodiously furnished, and surely it must be an odd
+sight to see half a dozen guests come filing into such a place and
+dumping blankets and pillows here and there and everywhere.  But custom
+makes incongruous things congruous.
+
+One buys the bedding, with waterproof hold-all for it at almost any shop
+--there is no difficulty about it.
+
+January 30.  What a spectacle the railway station was, at train-time!  It
+was a very large station, yet when we arrived it seemed as if the whole
+world was present--half of it inside, the other half outside, and both
+halves, bearing mountainous head-loads of bedding and other freight,
+trying simultaneously to pass each other, in opposing floods, in one
+narrow door.  These opposing floods were patient, gentle, long-suffering
+natives, with whites scattered among them at rare intervals; and wherever
+a white man's native servant appeared, that native seemed to have put
+aside his natural gentleness for the time and invested himself with the
+white man's privilege of making a way for himself by promptly shoving all
+intervening black things out of it.  In these exhibitions of authority
+Satan was scandalous.  He was probably a Thug in one of his former
+incarnations.
+
+Inside the great station, tides upon tides of rainbow-costumed natives
+swept along, this way and that, in massed and bewildering confusion,
+eager, anxious, belated, distressed; and washed up to the long trains and
+flowed into them with their packs and bundles, and disappeared, followed
+at once by the next wash, the next wave.  And here and there, in the
+midst of this hurly-burly, and seemingly undisturbed by it, sat great
+groups of natives on the bare stone floor,--young, slender brown women,
+old, gray wrinkled women, little soft brown babies, old men, young men,
+boys; all poor people, but all the females among them, both big and
+little, bejeweled with cheap and showy nose-rings, toe-rings, leglets,
+and armlets, these things constituting all their wealth, no doubt.  These
+silent crowds sat there with their humble bundles and baskets and small
+household gear about them, and patiently waited--for what?  A train that
+was to start at some time or other during the day or night!  They hadn't
+timed themselves well, but that was no matter--the thing had been so
+ordered from on high, therefore why worry?  There was plenty of time,
+hours and hours of it, and the thing that was to happen would happen
+--there was no hurrying it.
+
+The natives traveled third class, and at marvelously cheap rates.  They
+were packed and crammed into cars that held each about fifty; and it was
+said that often a Brahmin of the highest caste was thus brought into
+personal touch, and consequent defilement, with persons of the lowest
+castes--no doubt a very shocking thing if a body could understand it and
+properly appreciate it.  Yes, a Brahmin who didn't own a rupee and
+couldn't borrow one, might have to touch elbows with a rich hereditary
+lord of inferior caste, inheritor of an ancient title a couple of yards
+long, and he would just have to stand it; for if either of the two was
+allowed to go in the cars where the sacred white people were, it probably
+wouldn't be the august poor Brahmin.  There was an immense string of
+those third-class cars, for the natives travel by hordes; and a weary
+hard night of it the occupants would have, no doubt.
+
+When we reached our car, Satan and Barney had already arrived there with
+their train of porters carrying bedding and parasols and cigar boxes, and
+were at work.  We named him Barney for short; we couldn't use his real
+name, there wasn't time.
+
+It was a car that promised comfort; indeed, luxury.  Yet the cost of it
+--well, economy could no further go; even in France; not even in Italy.  It
+was built of the plainest and cheapest partially-smoothed boards, with a
+coating of dull paint on them, and there was nowhere a thought of
+decoration.  The floor was bare, but would not long remain so when the
+dust should begin to fly.  Across one end of the compartment ran a
+netting for the accommodation of hand-baggage; at the other end was a
+door which would shut, upon compulsion, but wouldn't stay shut; it opened
+into a narrow little closet which had a wash-bowl in one end of it, and a
+place to put a towel, in case you had one with you--and you would be sure
+to have towels, because you buy them with the bedding, knowing that the
+railway doesn't furnish them.  On each side of the car, and running fore
+and aft, was a broad leather-covered sofa to sit on in the day and sleep
+on at night.  Over each sofa hung, by straps, a wide, flat,
+leather-covered shelf--to sleep on.  In the daytime you can hitch it up
+against the wall, out of the way--and then you have a big unencumbered
+and most comfortable room to spread out in.  No car in any country is
+quite its equal for comfort (and privacy) I think. For usually there are
+but two persons in it; and even when there are four there is but little
+sense of impaired privacy.  Our own cars at home can surpass the railway
+world in all details but that one: they have no cosiness; there are too
+many people together.
+
+At the foot of each sofa was a side-door, for entrance and exit.
+Along the whole length of the sofa on each side of the car ran a row of
+large single-plate windows, of a blue tint-blue to soften the bitter
+glare of the sun and protect one's eyes from torture.  These could be let
+down out of the way when one wanted the breeze.  In the roof were two oil
+lamps which gave a light strong enough to read by; each had a green-cloth
+attachment by which it could be covered when the light should be no
+longer needed.
+
+While we talked outside with friends, Barney and Satan placed the
+hand-baggage, books, fruits, and soda-bottles in the racks, and the
+hold-alls and heavy baggage in the closet, hung the overcoats and
+sun-helmets and towels on the hooks, hoisted the two bed-shelves up out
+of the way, then shouldered their bedding and retired to the third class.
+
+Now then, you see what a handsome, spacious, light, airy, homelike place
+it was, wherein to walk up and down, or sit and write, or stretch out and
+read and smoke.  A central door in the forward end of the compartment
+opened into a similar compartment.  It was occupied by my wife and
+daughter.  About nine in the evening, while we halted a while at a
+station, Barney and Satan came and undid the clumsy big hold-alls, and
+spread the bedding on the sofas in both compartments--mattresses, sheets,
+gay coverlets, pillows, all complete; there are no chambermaids in India
+--apparently it was an office that was never heard of.  Then they
+closed the communicating door, nimbly tidied up our place, put the
+night-clothing on the beds and the slippers under them, then returned
+to their own quarters.
+
+January 31.  It was novel and pleasant, and I stayed awake as long as I
+could, to enjoy it, and to read about those strange people the Thugs.  In
+my sleep they remained with me, and tried to strangle me.  The leader of
+the gang was that giant Hindoo who was such a picture in the strong light
+when we were leaving those Hindoo betrothal festivities at two o'clock in
+the morning--Rao Bahadur Baskirao Balinkanje Pitale, Vakeel to the
+Gaikwar of Baroda.  It was he that brought me the invitation from his
+master to go to Baroda and lecture to that prince--and now he was
+misbehaving in my dreams.  But all things can happen in dreams.  It is
+indeed as the Sweet Singer of Michigan says--irrelevantly, of course, for
+the one and unfailing great quality which distinguishes her poetry from
+Shakespeare's and makes it precious to us is its stern and simple
+irrelevancy:
+
+               My heart was gay and happy,
+               This was ever in my mind,
+               There is better times a coming,
+               And I hope some day to find
+               Myself capable of composing,
+               It was my heart's delight
+               To compose on a sentimental subject
+               If it came in my mind just right.
+
+--["The Sentimental Song Book," p. 49; theme, "The Author's Early Life,"
+19th stanza.]
+
+
+Barroda.   Arrived at 7 this morning.  The dawn was just beginning to
+show.  It was forlorn to have to turn out in a strange place at such a
+time, and the blinking lights in the station made it seem night still.
+But the gentlemen who had come to receive us were there with their
+servants, and they make quick work; there was no lost time.  We were soon
+outside and moving swiftly through the soft gray light, and presently
+were comfortably housed--with more servants to help than we were used to,
+and with rather embarassingly important officials to direct them.  But it
+was custom; they spoke Ballarat English, their bearing was charming and
+hospitable, and so all went well.
+
+Breakfast was a satisfaction.  Across the lawns was visible in the
+distance through the open window an Indian well, with two oxen tramping
+leisurely up and down long inclines, drawing water; and out of the
+stillness came the suffering screech of the machinery--not quite musical,
+and yet soothingly melancholy and dreamy and reposeful--a wail of lost
+spirits, one might imagine.  And commemorative and reminiscent, perhaps;
+for of course the Thugs used to throw people down that well when they
+were done with them.
+
+After breakfast the day began, a sufficiently busy one.  We were driven
+by winding roads through a vast park, with noble forests of great trees,
+and with tangles and jungles of lovely growths of a humbler sort; and at
+one place three large gray apes came out and pranced across the road--a
+good deal of a surprise and an unpleasant one, for such creatures belong
+in the menagerie, and they look artificial and out of place in a
+wilderness.
+
+We came to the city, by and by, and drove all through it.  Intensely
+Indian, it was, and crumbly, and mouldering, and immemorially old, to all
+appearance.  And the houses--oh, indescribably quaint and curious they
+were, with their fronts an elaborate lace-work of intricate and beautiful
+wood-carving, and now and then further adorned with rude pictures of
+elephants and princes and gods done in shouting colors; and all the
+ground floors along these cramped and narrow lanes occupied as shops
+--shops unbelievably small and impossibly packed with merchantable rubbish,
+and with nine-tenths-naked natives squatting at their work of hammering,
+pounding, brazing, soldering, sewing, designing, cooking, measuring out
+grain, grinding it, repairing idols--and then the swarm of ragged and
+noisy humanity under the horses' feet and everywhere, and the pervading
+reek and fume and smell!  It was all wonderful and delightful.
+
+Imagine a file of elephants marching through such a crevice of a street
+and scraping the paint off both sides of it with their hides.  How big
+they must look, and how little they must make the houses look; and when
+the elephants are in their glittering court costume, what a contrast they
+must make with the humble and sordid surroundings.  And when a mad
+elephant goes raging through, belting right and left with his trunk, how
+do these swarms of people get out of the way?  I suppose it is a thing
+which happens now and then in the mad season (for elephants have a mad
+season).
+
+I wonder how old the town is.  There are patches of building--massive
+structures, monuments, apparently--that are so battered and worn, and
+seemingly so tired and so burdened with the weight of age, and so dulled
+and stupefied with trying to remember things they forgot before history
+began, that they give one the feeling that they must have been a part of
+original Creation.  This is indeed one of the oldest of the princedoms of
+India, and has always been celebrated for its barbaric pomps and
+splendors, and for the wealth of its princes.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLV.
+
+It takes your enemy and your friend, working together, to hurt you to the
+heart; the one to slander you and the other to get the news to you.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Out of the town again; a long drive through open country, by winding
+roads among secluded villages nestling in the inviting shade of tropic
+vegetation, a Sabbath stillness everywhere, sometimes a pervading sense
+of solitude, but always barefoot natives gliding by like spirits, without
+sound of footfall, and others in the distance dissolving away and
+vanishing like the creatures of dreams.  Now and then a string of stately
+camels passed by--always interesting things to look at--and they were
+velvet-shod by nature, and made no noise.  Indeed, there were no noises
+of any sort in this paradise.  Yes, once there was one, for a moment: a
+file of native convicts passed along in charge of an officer, and we
+caught the soft clink of their chains.  In a retired spot, resting
+himself under a tree, was a holy person--a naked black fakeer, thin and
+skinny, and whitey-gray all over with ashes.
+
+By and by to the elephant stables, and I took a ride; but it was by
+request--I did not ask for it, and didn't want it; but I took it, because
+otherwise they would have thought I was afraid, which I was.  The
+elephant kneels down, by command--one end of him at a time--and you climb
+the ladder and get into the howdah, and then he gets up, one end at a
+time, just as a ship gets up over a wave; and after that, as he strides
+monstrously about, his motion is much like a ship's motion.  The mahout
+bores into the back of his head with a great iron prod and you wonder at
+his temerity and at the elephant's patience, and you think that perhaps
+the patience will not last; but it does, and nothing happens.  The mahout
+talks to the elephant in a low voice all the time, and the elephant seems
+to understand it all and to be pleased with it; and he obeys every order
+in the most contented and docile way.  Among these twenty-five elephants
+were two which were larger than any I had ever seen before, and if I had
+thought I could learn to not be afraid, I would have taken one of them
+while the police were not looking.
+
+In the howdah-house there were many howdahs that were made of silver, one
+of gold, and one of old ivory, and equipped with cushions and canopies of
+rich and costly stuffs.  The wardrobe of the elephants was there, too;
+vast velvet covers stiff and heavy with gold embroidery; and bells of
+silver and gold; and ropes of these metals for fastening the things on
+harness, so to speak; and monster hoops of massive gold for the elephant
+to wear on his ankles when he is out in procession on business of state.
+
+But we did not see the treasury of crown jewels, and that was a
+disappointment, for in mass and richness it ranks only second in India.
+By mistake we were taken to see the new palace instead, and we used up
+the last remnant of our spare time there.  It was a pity, too; for the
+new palace is mixed modern American-European, and has not a merit except
+costliness.  It is wholly foreign to India, and impudent and out of
+place.  The architect has escaped.  This comes of overdoing the
+suppression of the Thugs; they had their merits.  The old palace is
+oriental and charming, and in consonance with the country.  The old
+palace would still be great if there were nothing of it but the spacious
+and lofty hall where the durbars are held.  It is not a good place to
+lecture in, on account of the echoes, but it is a good place to hold
+durbars in and regulate the affairs of a kingdom, and that is what it is
+for.  If I had it I would have a durbar every day, instead of once or
+twice a year.
+
+The prince is an educated gentleman.  His culture is European.  He has
+been in Europe five times.  People say that this is costly amusement for
+him, since in crossing the sea he must sometimes be obliged to drink
+water from vessels that are more or less public, and thus damage his
+caste.  To get it purified again he must make pilgrimage to some renowned
+Hindoo temples and contribute a fortune or two to them.  His people are
+like the other Hindoos, profoundly religious; and they could not be
+content with a master who was impure.
+
+We failed to see the jewels, but we saw the gold cannon and the silver
+one--they seemed to be six-pounders.  They were not designed for
+business, but for salutes upon rare and particularly important state
+occasions.  An ancestor of the present Gaikwar had the silver one made,
+and a subsequent ancestor had the gold one made, in order to outdo him.
+
+This sort of artillery is in keeping with the traditions of Baroda, which
+was of old famous for style and show.  It used to entertain visiting
+rajahs and viceroys with tiger-fights, elephant-fights, illuminations,
+and elephant-processions of the most glittering and gorgeous character.
+
+It makes the circus a pale, poor thing.
+
+In the train, during a part of the return journey from Baroda, we had the
+company of a gentleman who had with him a remarkable looking dog.  I had
+not seen one of its kind before, as far as I could remember; though of
+course I might have seen one and not noticed it, for I am not acquainted
+with dogs, but only with cats.  This dog's coat was smooth and shiny and
+black, and I think it had tan trimmings around the edges of the dog, and
+perhaps underneath.  It was a long, low dog, with very short, strange
+legs--legs that curved inboard, something like parentheses wrong way (.
+Indeed, it was made on the plan of a bench for length and lowness.  It
+seemed to be satisfied, but I thought the plan poor, and structurally
+weak, on account of the distance between the forward supports and those
+abaft.  With age the dog's back was likely to sag; and it seemed to me
+that it would have been a stronger and more practicable dog if it had had
+some more legs.  It had not begun to sag yet, but the shape of the legs
+showed that the undue weight imposed upon them was beginning to tell.
+It had a long nose, and floppy ears that hung down, and a resigned
+expression of countenance.  I did not like to ask what kind of a dog it
+was, or how it came to be deformed, for it was plain that the gentleman
+was very fond of it, and naturally he could be sensitive about it.  From
+delicacy I thought it best not to seem to notice it too much.  No doubt a
+man with a dog like that feels just as a person does who has a child that
+is out of true.  The gentleman was not merely fond of the dog, he was
+also proud of it--just the same again, as a mother feels about her
+child when it is an idiot.  I could see that he was proud of it,
+not-withstanding it was such a long dog and looked so resigned and pious.
+It had been all over the world with him, and had been pilgriming like
+that for years and years.  It had traveled 50,000 miles by sea and rail,
+and had ridden in front of him on his horse 8,000.  It had a silver medal
+from the Geographical Society of Great Britain for its travels, and I saw
+it.  It had won prizes in dog shows, both in India and in England--I saw
+them.  He said its pedigree was on record in the Kennel Club, and that it
+was a well-known dog.  He said a great many people in London could
+recognize it the moment they saw it.  I did not say anything, but I did
+not think it anything strange; I should know that dog again, myself, yet
+I am not careful about noticing dogs.  He said that when he walked along
+in London, people often stopped and looked at the dog.  Of course I did
+not say anything, for I did not want to hurt his feelings, but I could
+have explained to him that if you take a great long low dog like that and
+waddle it along the street anywhere in the world and not charge anything,
+people will stop and look.  He was gratified because the dog took prizes.
+But that was nothing; if I were built like that I could take prizes
+myself.  I wished I knew what kind of a dog it was, and what it was for,
+but I could not very well ask, for that would show that I did not know.
+Not that I want a dog like that, but only to know the secret of its
+birth.
+
+I think he was going to hunt elephants with it, because I know, from
+remarks dropped by him, that he has hunted large game in India and
+Africa, and likes it.  But I think that if he tries to hunt elephants
+with it, he is going to be disappointed.
+
+I do not believe that it is suited for elephants.  It lacks energy, it
+lacks force of character, it lacks bitterness.  These things all show in
+the meekness and resignation of its expression.  It would not attack an
+elephant, I am sure of it.  It might not run if it saw one coming, but it
+looked to me like a dog that would sit down and pray.
+
+I wish he had told me what breed it was, if there are others; but I shall
+know the dog next time, and then if I can bring myself to it I will put
+delicacy aside and ask.  If I seem strangely interested in dogs, I have a
+reason for it; for a dog saved me from an embarrassing position once, and
+that has made me grateful to these animals; and if by study I could learn
+to tell some of the kinds from the others, I should be greatly pleased.
+I only know one kind apart, yet, and that is the kind that saved me that
+time.  I always know that kind when I meet it, and if it is hungry or
+lost I take care of it.  The matter happened in this way
+
+It was years and years ago.  I had received a note from Mr. Augustin Daly
+of the Fifth Avenue Theatre, asking me to call the next time I should be
+in New York.  I was writing plays, in those days, and he was admiring
+them and trying to get me a chance to get them played in Siberia.  I took
+the first train--the early one--the one that leaves Hartford at 8.29 in
+the morning.  At New Haven I bought a paper, and found it filled with
+glaring display-lines about a "bench-show" there.  I had often heard of
+bench-shows, but had never felt any interest in them, because I supposed
+they were lectures that were not well attended.  It turned out, now, that
+it was not that, but a dog-show.  There was a double-leaded column about
+the king-feature of this one, which was called a Saint Bernard, and was
+worth $10,000, and was known to be the largest and finest of his species
+in the world.  I read all this with interest, because out of my
+school-boy readings I dimly remembered how the priests and pilgrims of
+St. Bernard used to go out in the storms and dig these dogs out of the
+snowdrifts when lost and exhausted, and give them brandy and save their
+lives, and drag them to the monastery and restore them with gruel.
+
+Also, there was a picture of this prize-dog in the paper, a noble great
+creature with a benignant countenance, standing by a table.  He was
+placed in that way so that one could get a right idea of his great
+dimensions.  You could see that he was just a shade higher than the
+table--indeed, a huge fellow for a dog.  Then there was a description
+which event into the details.  It gave his enormous weight--150 1/2
+pounds, and his length 4 feet 2 inches, from stem to stern-post; and his
+height--3 feet 1 inch, to the top of his back.  The pictures and the
+figures so impressed me, that I could see the beautiful colossus before
+me, and I kept on thinking about him for the next two hours; then I
+reached New York, and he dropped out of my mind.
+
+In the swirl and tumult of the hotel lobby I ran across Mr. Daly's
+comedian, the late James Lewis, of beloved memory, and I casually
+mentioned that I was going to call upon Mr. Daly in the evening at 8.
+He looked surprised, and said he reckoned not.  For answer I handed him
+Mr. Daly's note.  Its substance was: "Come to my private den, over the
+theater, where we cannot be interrupted.  And come by the back way, not
+the front.  No. 642 Sixth Avenue is a cigar shop; pass through it and you
+are in a paved court, with high buildings all around; enter the second
+door on the left, and come up stairs."
+
+"Is this all?"
+
+"Yes," I said.
+
+"Well, you'll never get in"
+
+"Why?"
+
+"Because you won't.  Or if you do you can draw on me for a hundred
+dollars; for you will be the first man that has accomplished it in
+twenty-five years.  I can't think what Mr. Daly can have been absorbed
+in.  He has forgotten a most important detail, and he will feel
+humiliated in the morning when he finds that you tried to get in and
+couldn't."
+
+"Why, what is the trouble?"
+
+"I'll tell you.  You see----"
+
+At that point we were swept apart by the crowd, somebody detained me with
+a moment's talk, and we did not get together again.  But it did not
+matter; I believed he was joking, anyway.
+
+At eight in the evening I passed through the cigar shop and into the
+court and knocked at the second door.
+
+"Come in!"
+
+I entered.  It was a small room, carpetless, dusty, with a naked deal
+table, and two cheap wooden chairs for furniture.  A giant Irishman was
+standing there, with shirt collar and vest unbuttoned, and no coat on.  I
+put my hat on the table, and was about to say something, when the
+Irishman took the innings himself.  And not with marked courtesy of tone:
+
+"Well, sor, what will you have?"
+
+I was a little disconcerted, and my easy confidence suffered a shrinkage.
+The man stood as motionless as Gibraltar, and kept his unblinking eye
+upon me.  It was very embarrassing, very humiliating.  I stammered at a
+false start or two; then----
+
+"I have just run down from----"
+
+"Av ye plaze, ye'll not smoke here, ye understand."
+
+I laid my cigar on the window-ledge; chased my flighty thoughts a moment,
+then said in a placating manner:
+
+"I--I have come to see Mr. Daly."
+
+"Oh, ye have, have ye?"
+
+"Yes"
+
+"Well, ye'll not see him."
+
+"But he asked me to come."
+
+"Oh, he did, did he?"
+
+"Yes, he sent me this note, and----"
+
+"Lemme see it."
+
+For a moment I fancied there would be a change in the atmosphere, now;
+but this idea was premature.  The big man was examining the note
+searchingly under the gas-jet.  A glance showed me that he had it upside
+down--disheartening evidence that he could not read.
+
+"Is ut his own handwrite?"
+
+"Yes--he wrote it himself."
+
+"He did, did he?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"H'm.  Well, then, why ud he write it like that?"
+
+"How do you mean?"
+
+"I mane, why wudn't he put his naime to ut?"
+
+"His name is to it.  That's not it--you are looking at my name."
+
+I thought that that was a home shot, but he did not betray that he had
+been hit.  He said:
+
+"It's not an aisy one to spell; how do you pronounce ut?"
+
+"Mark Twain."
+
+"H'm.  H'm.  Mike Train.  H'm.  I don't remember ut.  What is it ye want
+to see him about?"
+
+"It isn't I that want to see him, he wants to see me."
+
+"Oh, he does, does he?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"What does he want to see ye about?"
+
+"I don't know."
+
+"Ye don't know!  And ye confess it, becod!  Well, I can tell ye wan
+thing--ye'll not see him.  Are ye in the business?"
+
+"What business?"
+
+"The show business."
+
+A fatal question.  I recognized that I was defeated.  If I answered no,
+he would cut the matter short and wave me to the door without the grace
+of a word--I saw it in his uncompromising eye; if I said I was a
+lecturer, he would despise me, and dismiss me with opprobrious words; if
+I said I was a dramatist, he would throw me out of the window.  I saw
+that my case was hopeless, so I chose the course which seemed least
+humiliating: I would pocket my shame and glide out without answering.
+The silence was growing lengthy.
+
+"I'll ask ye again.  Are ye in the show business yerself?"
+
+"Yes!"
+
+I said it with splendid confidence; for in that moment the very twin of
+that grand New Haven dog loafed into the room, and I saw that Irishman's
+eye light eloquently with pride and affection.
+
+"Ye are?  And what is it?"
+
+"I've got a bench-show in New Haven."
+
+The weather did change then.
+
+"You don't say, sir!  And that's your show, sir!  Oh, it's a grand show,
+it's a wonderful show, sir, and a proud man I am to see your honor this
+day.  And ye'll be an expert, sir, and ye'll know all about dogs--more
+than ever they know theirselves, I'll take me oath to ut."
+
+I said, with modesty:
+
+"I believe I have some reputation that way.  In fact, my business
+requires it."
+
+"Ye have some reputation, your honor!  Bedad I believe you!  There's not
+a jintleman in the worrld that can lay over ye in the judgmint of a dog,
+sir.  Now I'll vinture that your honor'll know that dog's dimensions
+there better than he knows them his own self, and just by the casting of
+your educated eye upon him.  Would you mind giving a guess, if ye'll be
+so good?"
+
+I knew that upon my answer would depend my fate.  If I made this dog
+bigger than the prize-dog, it would be bad diplomacy, and suspicious; if
+I fell too far short of the prizedog, that would be equally damaging.
+The dog was standing by the table, and I believed I knew the difference
+between him and the one whose picture I had seen in the newspaper to a
+shade.  I spoke promptly up and said:
+
+"It's no trouble to guess this noble creature's figures height, three
+feet; length, four feet and three-quarters of an inch; weight, a hundred
+and forty-eight and a quarter."
+
+The man snatched his hat from its peg and danced on it with joy,
+shouting:
+
+"Ye've hardly missed it the hair's breadth, hardly the shade of a shade,
+your honor!  Oh, it's the miraculous eye ye've got, for the judgmint of a
+dog!"
+
+And still pouring out his admiration of my capacities, he snatched off
+his vest and scoured off one of the wooden chairs with it, and scrubbed
+it and polished it, and said:
+
+"There, sit down, your honor, I'm ashamed of meself that I forgot ye were
+standing all this time; and do put on your hat, ye mustn't take cold,
+it's a drafty place; and here is your cigar, sir, a getting cold, I'll
+give ye a light.  There.  The place is all yours, sir, and if ye'll just
+put your feet on the table and make yourself at home, I'll stir around
+and get a candle and light ye up the ould crazy stairs and see that ye
+don't come to anny harm, for be this time Mr. Daly'll be that impatient
+to see your honor that he'll be taking the roof off."
+
+He conducted me cautiously and tenderly up the stairs, lighting the way
+and protecting me with friendly warnings, then pushed the door open and
+bowed me in and went his way, mumbling hearty things about my wonderful
+eye for points of a dog.  Mr. Daly was writing and had his back to me.
+He glanced over his shoulder presently, then jumped up and said--
+
+"Oh, dear me, I forgot all about giving instructions.  I was just writing
+you to beg a thousand pardons.  But how is it you are here?  How did you
+get by that Irishman?  You are the first man that's done it in five and
+twenty years.  You didn't bribe him, I know that; there's not money
+enough in New York to do it.  And you didn't persuade him; he is all ice
+and iron: there isn't a soft place nor a warm one in him anywhere.  That
+is your secret?  Look here; you owe me a hundred dollars for
+unintentionally giving you a chance to perform a miracle--for it is a
+miracle that you've done."
+
+"That is all right," I said, "collect it of Jimmy Lewis."
+
+That good dog not only did me that good turn in the time of my need, but
+he won for me the envious reputation among all the theatrical people from
+the Atlantic to the Pacific of being the only man in history who had ever
+run the blockade of Augustin Daly's back door.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVI.
+
+If the desire to kill and the opportunity to kill came always together,
+who would escape hanging.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+On the Train.  Fifty years ago, when I was a boy in the then remote and
+sparsely peopled Mississippi valley, vague tales and rumors of a
+mysterious body of professional murderers came wandering in from a
+country which was constructively as far from us as the constellations
+blinking in space--India; vague tales and rumors of a sect called Thugs,
+who waylaid travelers in lonely places and killed them for the
+contentment of a god whom they worshiped; tales which everybody liked to
+listen to and nobody believed, except with reservations.  It was
+considered that the stories had gathered bulk on their travels.  The
+matter died down and a lull followed.  Then Eugene Sue's "Wandering Jew"
+appeared, and made great talk for a while.  One character in it was a
+chief of Thugs--"Feringhea"--a mysterious and terrible Indian who was as
+slippery and sly as a serpent, and as deadly; and he stirred up the Thug
+interest once more.  But it did not last.  It presently died again this
+time to stay dead.
+
+At first glance it seems strange that this should have happened; but
+really it was not strange--on the contrary,.  it was natural; I mean on
+our side of the water.  For the source whence the Thug tales mainly came
+was a Government Report, and without doubt was not republished in
+America; it was probably never even seen there.  Government Reports have
+no general circulation.  They are distributed to the few, and are not
+always read by those few.  I heard of this Report for the first time a
+day or two ago, and borrowed it.  It is full of fascinations; and it
+turns those dim, dark fairy tales of my boyhood days into realities.
+
+The Report was made in 1889 by Major Sleeman, of the Indian Service, and
+was printed in Calcutta in 1840.  It is a clumsy, great, fat, poor sample
+of the printer's art, but good enough for a government printing-office in
+that old day and in that remote region, perhaps.  To Major Sleeman was
+given the general superintendence of the giant task of ridding India of
+Thuggee, and he and his seventeen assistants accomplished it.  It was the
+Augean Stables over again.  Captain Vallancey, writing in a Madras
+journal in those old times, makes this remark:
+
+     "The day that sees this far-spread evil eradicated from India and
+     known only in name, will greatly tend to immortalize British rule in
+     the East."
+
+He did not overestimate the magnitude and difficulty of the work, nor the
+immensity of the credit which would justly be due to British rule in case
+it was accomplished.
+
+Thuggee became known to the British authorities in India about 1810, but
+its wide prevalence was not suspected; it was not regarded as a serious
+matter, and no systematic measures were taken for its suppression until
+about 1830.  About that time Major Sleeman captured Eugene Sue's
+Thug-chief, "Feringhea," and got him to turn King's evidence.  The
+revelations were so stupefying that Sleeman was not able to believe them.
+Sleeman thought he knew every criminal within his jurisdiction, and that
+the worst of them were merely thieves; but Feringhea told him that he was
+in reality living in the midst of a swarm of professional murderers; that
+they had been all about him for many years, and that they buried their
+dead close by.  These seemed insane tales; but Feringhea said come and
+see--and he took him to a grave and dug up a hundred bodies, and told him
+all the circumstances of the killings, and named the Thugs who had done
+the work.  It was a staggering business.  Sleeman captured some of these
+Thugs and proceeded to examine them separately, and with proper
+precautions against collusion; for he would not believe any Indian's
+unsupported word.  The evidence gathered proved the truth of what
+Feringhea had said, and also revealed the fact that gangs of Thugs were
+plying their trade all over India.  The astonished government now took
+hold of Thuggee, and for ten years made systematic and relentless war
+upon it, and finally destroyed it.  Gang after gang was captured, tried,
+and punished.  The Thugs were harried and hunted from one end of India to
+the other.  The government got all their secrets out of them; and also
+got the names of the members of the bands, and recorded them in a book,
+together with their birthplaces and places of residence.
+
+The Thugs were worshipers of Bhowanee; and to this god they sacrificed
+anybody that came handy; but they kept the dead man's things themselves,
+for the god cared for nothing but the corpse.  Men were initiated into
+the sect with solemn ceremonies.  Then they were taught how to strangle a
+person with the sacred choke-cloth, but were not allowed to perform
+officially with it until after long practice.  No half-educated strangler
+could choke a man to death quickly enough to keep him from uttering a
+sound--a muffled scream, gurgle, gasp, moan, or something of the sort;
+but the expert's work was instantaneous: the cloth was whipped around the
+victim's neck, there was a sudden twist, and the head fell silently
+forward, the eyes starting from the sockets; and all was over.  The Thug
+carefully guarded against resistance.  It was usual to to get the victims
+to sit down, for that was the handiest position for business.
+
+If the Thug had planned India itself it could not have been more
+conveniently arranged for the needs of his occupation.
+
+There were no public conveyances.  There were no conveyances for hire.
+The traveler went on foot or in a bullock cart or on a horse which he
+bought for the purpose.  As soon as he was out of his own little State or
+principality he was among strangers; nobody knew him, nobody took note of
+him, and from that time his movements could no longer be traced.  He did
+not stop in towns or villages, but camped outside of them and sent his
+servants in to buy provisions.  There were no habitations between
+villages.  Whenever he was between villages he was an easy prey,
+particularly as he usually traveled by night, to avoid the heat.  He was
+always being overtaken by strangers who offered him the protection of
+their company, or asked for the protection of his--and these strangers
+were often Thugs, as he presently found out to his cost.  The
+landholders, the native police, the petty princes, the village officials,
+the customs officers were in many cases protectors and harborers of the
+Thugs, and betrayed travelers to them for a share of the spoil.  At first
+this condition of things made it next to impossible for the government to
+catch the marauders; they were spirited away by these watchful friends.
+All through a vast continent, thus infested, helpless people of every
+caste and kind moved along the paths and trails in couples and groups
+silently by night, carrying the commerce of the country--treasure,
+jewels, money, and petty batches of silks, spices, and all manner of
+wares.  It was a paradise for the Thug.
+
+When the autumn opened, the Thugs began to gather together by
+pre-concert.  Other people had to have interpreters at every turn, but
+not the Thugs; they could talk together, no matter how far apart they
+were born, for they had a language of their own, and they had secret
+signs by which they knew each other for Thugs; and they were always
+friends.  Even their diversities of religion and caste were sunk in
+devotion to their calling, and the Moslem and the high-caste and
+low-caste Hindoo were staunch and affectionate brothers in Thuggery.
+
+When a gang had been assembled, they had religious worship, and waited
+for an omen.  They had definite notions about the omens.  The cries of
+certain animals were good omens, the cries of certain other creatures
+were bad omens.  A bad omen would stop proceedings and send the men home.
+
+The sword and the strangling-cloth were sacred emblems.  The Thugs
+worshiped the sword at home before going out to the assembling-place; the
+strangling-cloth was worshiped at the place of assembly.  The chiefs of
+most of the bands performed the religious ceremonies themselves; but the
+Kaets delegated them to certain official stranglers (Chaurs).  The rites
+of the Kaets were so holy that no one but the Chaur was allowed to touch
+the vessels and other things used in them.
+
+Thug methods exhibit a curious mixture of caution and the absence of it;
+cold business calculation and sudden, unreflecting impulse; but there
+were two details which were constant, and not subject to caprice: patient
+persistence in following up the prey, and pitilessness when the time came
+to act.
+
+Caution was exhibited in the strength of the bands.  They never felt
+comfortable and confident unless their strength exceeded that of any
+party of travelers they were likely to meet by four or fivefold.  Yet it
+was never their purpose to attack openly, but only when the victims were
+off their guard.  When they got hold of a party of travelers they often
+moved along in their company several days, using all manner of arts to
+win their friendship and get their confidence.  At last, when this was
+accomplished to their satisfaction, the real business began.  A few Thugs
+were privately detached and sent forward in the dark to select a good
+killing-place and dig the graves.  When the rest reached the spot a halt
+was called, for a rest or a smoke.  The travelers were invited to sit.
+By signs, the chief appointed certain Thugs to sit down in front of the
+travelers as if to wait upon them, others to sit down beside them and
+engage them in conversation, and certain expert stranglers to stand
+behind the travelers and be ready when the signal was given.  The signal
+was usually some commonplace remark, like "Bring the tobacco."  Sometimes
+a considerable wait ensued after all the actors were in their places--the
+chief was biding his time, in order to make everything sure.  Meantime,
+the talk droned on, dim figures moved about in the dull light, peace and
+tranquility reigned, the travelers resigned themselves to the pleasant
+reposefulness and comfort of the situation, unconscious of the
+death-angels standing motionless at their backs.  The time was ripe, now,
+and the signal came: "Bring the tobacco."  There was a mute swift
+movement, all in the same instant the men at each victim's sides seized
+his hands, the man in front seized his feet, and pulled, the man at his
+back whipped the cloth around his neck and gave it a twist the head sunk
+forward, the tragedy was over.  The bodies were stripped and covered up
+in the graves, the spoil packed for transportation, then the Thugs gave
+pious thanks to Bhowanee, and departed on further holy service.
+
+The Report shows that the travelers moved in exceedingly small groups
+--twos, threes, fours, as a rule; a party with a dozen in it was rare.  The
+Thugs themselves seem to have been the only people who moved in force.
+They went about in gangs of 10, 15, 25, 40, 60, 100, 150, 200, 250, and
+one gang of 310 is mentioned.  Considering their numbers, their catch was
+not extraordinary--particularly when you consider that they were not in
+the least fastidious, but took anybody they could get, whether rich or
+poor, and sometimes even killed children.  Now and then they killed
+women, but it was considered sinful to do it, and unlucky.  The "season"
+was six or eight months long.  One season the half dozen Bundelkand and
+Gwalior gangs aggregated 712 men, and they murdered 210 people.  One
+season the Malwa and Kandeish gangs aggregated 702 men, and they murdered
+232.  One season the Kandeish and Berar gangs aggregated 963 men, and
+they murdered 385 people.
+
+Here is the tally-sheet of a gang of sixty Thugs for a whole season--gang
+under two noted chiefs, "Chotee and Sheik Nungoo from Gwalior":
+
+     "Left Poora, in Jhansee, and on arrival at Sarora murdered a
+     traveler.
+
+     "On nearly reaching Bhopal, met 3 Brahmins, and murdered them.
+
+     "Cross the Nerbudda; at a village called Hutteea, murdered a Hindoo.
+
+     "Went through Aurungabad to Walagow; there met a Havildar of the
+     barber caste and 5 sepoys (native soldiers); in the evening came to
+     Jokur, and in the morning killed them near the place where the
+     treasure-bearers were killed the year before.
+
+     "Between Jokur and Dholeea met a sepoy of the shepherd caste; killed
+     him in the jungle.
+
+     "Passed through Dholeea and lodged in a village; two miles beyond,
+     on the road to Indore, met a Byragee (beggar-holy mendicant);
+     murdered him at the Thapa.
+
+     "In the morning, beyond the Thapa, fell in with 3 Marwarie
+     travelers; murdered them.
+
+     "Near a village on the banks of the Taptee met 4 travelers and
+     killed them.
+
+     "Between Choupra and Dhoreea met a Marwarie; murdered him.
+
+     "At Dhoreea met 3 Marwaries; took them two miles and murdered them.
+
+     "Two miles further on, overtaken by three treasure-bearers; took
+     them two miles and murdered them in the jungle.
+
+     "Came on to Khurgore Bateesa in Indore, divided spoil, and
+     dispersed.
+
+     "A total of 27 men murdered on one expedition."
+
+Chotee (to save his neck) was informer, and furnished these facts.
+Several things are noticeable about his resume.  1. Business brevity;
+2, absence of emotion; 3, smallness of the parties encountered by the 60;
+4, variety in character and quality of the game captured; 5, Hindoo and
+Mohammedan chiefs in business together for Bhowanee; 6, the sacred caste
+of the Brahmins not respected by either; 7, nor yet the character of that
+mendicant, that Byragee.
+
+A beggar is a holy creature, and some of the gangs spared him on that
+account, no matter how slack business might be; but other gangs
+slaughtered not only him, but even that sacredest of sacred creatures,
+the fakeer--that repulsive skin-and-bone thing that goes around naked and
+mats his bushy hair with dust and dirt, and so beflours his lean body
+with ashes that he looks like a specter.  Sometimes a fakeer trusted a
+shade too far in the protection of his sacredness.  In the middle of a
+tally-sheet of Feringhea's, who had been out with forty Thugs, I find a
+case of the kind.  After the killing of thirty-nine men and one woman,
+the fakeer appears on the scene:
+
+     "Approaching Doregow, met 3 pundits; also a fakeer, mounted on a
+     pony; he was plastered over with sugar to collect flies, and was
+     covered with them.  Drove off the fakeer, and killed the other
+     three.
+
+     "Leaving Doregow, the fakeer joined again, and went on in company to
+     Raojana; met 6 Khutries on their way from Bombay to Nagpore.  Drove
+     off the fakeer with stones, and killed the 6 men in camp, and buried
+     them in the grove.
+
+     "Next day the fakeer joined again; made him leave at Mana.  Beyond
+     there, fell in with two Kahars and a sepoy, and came on towards the
+     place selected for the murder.  When near it, the fakeer came again.
+     Losing all patience with him, gave Mithoo, one of the gang, 5 rupees
+     ($2.50) to murder him, and take the sin upon himself.  All four were
+     strangled, including the fakeer.  Surprised to find among the
+     fakeer's effects 30 pounds of coral, 350 strings of small pearls, 15
+     strings of large pearls, and a gilt necklace."
+
+It it curious, the little effect that time has upon a really interesting
+circumstance.  This one, so old, so long ago gone down into oblivion,
+reads with the same freshness and charm that attach to the news in the
+morning paper; one's spirits go up, then down, then up again, following
+the chances which the fakeer is running; now you hope, now you despair,
+now you hope again; and at last everything comes out right, and you feel
+a great wave of personal satisfaction go weltering through you, and
+without thinking, you put out your hand to pat Mithoo on the back, when
+--puff! the whole thing has vanished away, there is nothing there; Mithoo
+and all the crowd have been dust and ashes and forgotten, oh, so many,
+many, many lagging years!  And then comes a sense of injury: you don't
+know whether Mithoo got the swag, along with the sin, or had to divide up
+the swag and keep all the sin himself.  There is no literary art about a
+government report.  It stops a story right in the most interesting place.
+
+These reports of Thug expeditions run along interminably in one
+monotonous tune: "Met a sepoy--killed him; met 5 pundits--killed them;
+met 4 Rajpoots and a woman--killed them"--and so on, till the statistics
+get to be pretty dry.  But this small trip of Feringhea's Forty had some
+little variety about it.  Once they came across a man hiding in a grave
+--a thief; he had stolen 1,100 rupees from Dhunroj Seith of Parowtee.
+They strangled him and took the money.  They had no patience with thieves.
+They killed two treasure-bearers, and got 4,000 rupees.  They came across
+two bullocks "laden with copper pice," and killed the four drivers and
+took the money.  There must have been half a ton of it.  I think it takes
+a double handful of pice to make an anna, and 16 annas to make a rupee;
+and even in those days the rupee was worth only half a dollar.  Coming
+back over their tracks from Baroda, they had another picturesque stroke
+of luck:  "'The Lohars of Oodeypore' put a traveler in their charge for
+safety."  Dear, dear, across this abyssmal gulf of time we still see
+Feringhea's lips uncover his teeth, and through the dim haze we catch the
+incandescent glimmer of his smile.  He accepted that trust, good man; and
+so we know what went with the traveler.
+
+Even Rajahs had no terrors for Feringhea; he came across an
+elephant-driver belonging to the Rajah of Oodeypore and promptly
+strangled him.
+
+"A total of 100 men and 5 women murdered on this expedition."
+
+Among the reports of expeditions we find mention of victims of almost
+every quality and estate.
+
+Also a prince's cook; and even the water-carrier of that sublime lord of
+lords and king of kings, the Governor-General of India!  How broad they
+were in their tastes!  They also murdered actors--poor wandering
+barnstormers.  There are two instances recorded; the first one by a gang
+of Thugs under a chief who soils a great name borne by a better man
+--Kipling's deathless "Gungadin":
+
+     "After murdering 4 sepoys, going on toward Indore, met 4 strolling
+     players, and persuaded them to come with us, on the pretense that we
+     would see their performance at the next stage.  Murdered them at a
+     temple near Bhopal."
+
+Second instance:
+
+     "At Deohuttee, joined by comedians.  Murdered them eastward of that
+     place."
+
+But this gang was a particularly bad crew.  On that expedition they
+murdered a fakeer and twelve beggars.  And yet Bhowanee protected them;
+for once when they were strangling a man in a wood when a crowd was going
+by close at hand and the noose slipped and the man screamed, Bhowanee
+made a camel burst out at the same moment with a roar that drowned the
+scream; and before the man could repeat it the breath was choked out of
+his body.
+
+The cow is so sacred in India that to kill her keeper is an awful
+sacrilege, and even the Thugs recognized this; yet now and then the lust
+for blood was too strong, and so they did kill a few cow-keepers.  In one
+of these instances the witness who killed the cowherd said, "In Thuggee
+this is strictly forbidden, and is an act from which no good can come.  I
+was ill of a fever for ten days afterward.  I do believe that evil will
+follow the murder of a man with a cow.  If there be no cow it does not
+signify."  Another Thug said he held the cowherd's feet while this
+witness did the strangling.  He felt no concern, "because the bad fortune
+of such a deed is upon the strangler and not upon the assistants; even if
+there should be a hundred of them."
+
+There were thousands of Thugs roving over India constantly, during many
+generations.  They made Thug gee a hereditary vocation and taught it to
+their sons and to their son's sons.  Boys were in full membership as
+early as 16 years of age; veterans were still at work at 70.  What was
+the fascination, what was the impulse?  Apparently, it was partly piety,
+largely gain, and there is reason to suspect that the sport afforded was
+the chiefest fascination of all.  Meadows Taylor makes a Thug in one of
+his books claim that the pleasure of killing men was the white man's
+beast-hunting instinct enlarged, refined, ennobled.  I will quote the
+passage:
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVII.
+
+Simple rules for saving money: To save half, when you are fired by an
+eager impulse to contribute to a charity, wait, and count forty.  To save
+three-quarters, count sixty.  To save it all, count sixty-five.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The Thug said:
+
+"How many of you English are passionately devoted to sporting!  Your days
+and months are passed in its excitement.  A tiger, a panther, a buffalo
+or a hog rouses your utmost energies for its destruction--you even risk
+your lives in its pursuit.  How much higher game is a Thug's!"
+
+That must really be the secret of the rise and development of Thuggee.
+The joy of killing! the joy of seeing killing done--these are traits of
+the human race at large.  We white people are merely modified Thugs;
+Thugs fretting under the restraints of a not very thick skin of
+civilization; Thugs who long ago enjoyed the slaughter of the Roman
+arena, and later the burning of doubtful Christians by authentic
+Christians in the public squares, and who now, with the Thugs of Spain
+and Nimes, flock to enjoy the blood and misery of the bullring.  We have
+no tourists of either sex or any religion who are able to resist the
+delights of the bull-ring when opportunity offers; and we are gentle
+Thugs in the hunting-season, and love to chase a tame rabbit and kill it.
+Still, we have made some progress-microscopic, and in truth scarcely
+worth mentioning, and certainly nothing to be proud of--still, it is
+progress: we no longer take pleasure in slaughtering or burning helpless
+men.  We have reached a little altitude where we may look down upon the
+Indian Thugs with a complacent shudder; and we may even hope for a day,
+many centuries hence, when our posterity will look down upon us in the
+same way.
+
+There are many indications that the Thug often hunted men for the mere
+sport of it; that the fright and pain of the quarry were no more to him
+than are the fright and pain of the rabbit or the stag to us; and that he
+was no more ashamed of beguiling his game with deceits and abusing its
+trust than are we when we have imitated a wild animal's call and shot it
+when it honored us with its confidence and came to see what we wanted:
+
+     "Madara, son of Nihal, and I, Ramzam, set out from Kotdee in the
+     cold weather and followed the high road for about twenty days in
+     search of travelers, until we came to Selempore, where we met a very
+     old man going to the east.  We won his confidence in this manner: he
+     carried a load which was too heavy for his old age; I said to him,
+     'You are an old man, I will aid you in carrying your load, as you
+     are from my part of the country.'  He said, 'Very well, take me with
+     you.'  So we took him with us to Selempore, where we slept that
+     night.  We woke him next morning before dawn and set out, and at the
+     distance of three miles we seated him to rest while it was still
+     very dark.  Madara was ready behind him, and strangled him.  He
+     never spoke a word.  He was about 60 or 70 years of age."
+
+Another gang fell in with a couple of barbers and persuaded them to come
+along in their company by promising them the job of shaving the whole
+crew--30 Thugs.  At the place appointed for the murder 15 got shaved, and
+actually paid the barbers for their work.  Then killed them and took back
+the money.
+
+A gang of forty-two Thugs came across two Brahmins and a shopkeeper on
+the road, beguiled them into a grove and got up a concert for their
+entertainment.  While these poor fellows were listening to the music the
+stranglers were standing behind them; and at the proper moment for
+dramatic effect they applied the noose.
+
+The most devoted fisherman must have a bite at least as often as once
+a week or his passion will cool and he will put up his tackle.  The
+tiger-sportsman must find a tiger at least once a fortnight or he will get
+tired and quit.  The elephant-hunter's enthusiasm will waste away little
+by little, and his zeal will perish at last if he plod around a month
+without finding a member of that noble family to assassinate.
+
+But when the lust in the hunter's heart is for the noblest of all
+quarries, man, how different is the case! and how watery and poor is the
+zeal and how childish the endurance of those other hunters by comparison.
+Then, neither hunger, nor thirst, nor fatigue, nor deferred hope, nor
+monotonous disappointment, nor leaden-footed lapse of time can conquer
+the hunter's patience or weaken the joy of his quest or cool the splendid
+rage of his desire.  Of all the hunting-passions that burn in the breast
+of man, there is none that can lift him superior to discouragements like
+these but the one--the royal sport, the supreme sport, whose quarry is
+his brother.  By comparison, tiger-hunting is a colorless poor thing, for
+all it has been so bragged about.
+
+Why, the Thug was content to tramp patiently along, afoot, in the wasting
+heat of India, week after week, at an average of nine or ten miles a day,
+if he might but hope to find game some time or other and refresh his
+longing soul with blood.  Here is an instance:
+
+     "I (Ramzam) and Hyder set out, for the purpose of strangling
+     travelers, from Guddapore, and proceeded via the Fort of Julalabad,
+     Newulgunge, Bangermow, on the banks of the Ganges (upwards of 100
+     miles), from whence we returned by another route.  Still no
+     travelers! till we reached Bowaneegunge, where we fell in with a
+     traveler, a boatman; we inveigled him and about two miles east of
+     there Hyder strangled him as he stood--for he was troubled and
+     afraid, and would not sit.  We then made a long journey (about 130
+     miles) and reached Hussunpore Bundwa, where at the tank we fell in
+     with a traveler--he slept there that night; next morning we followed
+     him and tried to win his confidence; at the distance of two miles we
+     endeavored to induce him to sit down--but he would not, having
+     become aware of us.  I attempted to strangle him as he walked along,
+     but did not succeed; both of us then fell upon him, he made a great
+     outcry, 'They are murdering me!' at length we strangled him and
+     flung his body into a well.  After this we returned to our homes,
+     having been out a month and traveled about 260 miles.  A total of
+     two men murdered on the expedition."
+
+And here is another case-related by the terrible Futty Khan, a man with a
+tremendous record, to be re-mentioned by and by:
+
+     "I, with three others, traveled for about 45 days a distance of
+     about 200 miles in search of victims along the highway to Bundwa and
+     returned by Davodpore (another 200 miles) during which journey we
+     had only one murder, which happened in this manner.  Four miles to
+     the east of Noubustaghat we fell in with a traveler, an old man.  I,
+     with Koshal and Hyder, inveigled him and accompanied him that day
+     within 3 miles of Rampoor, where, after dark, in a lonely place, we
+     got him to sit down and rest; and while I kept him in talk, seated
+     before him, Hyder behind strangled him: he made no resistance.
+     Koshal stabbed him under the arms and in the throat, and we flung
+     the body into a running stream.  We got about 4 or 5 rupees each ($2
+     or $2.50).  We then proceeded homewards.  A total of one man
+     murdered on this expedition."
+
+There.  They tramped 400 miles, were gone about three months, and
+harvested two dollars and a half apiece.  But the mere pleasure of the
+hunt was sufficient.  That was pay enough.  They did no grumbling.
+
+Every now and then in this big book one comes across that pathetic
+remark: "we tried to get him to sit down but he would not."  It tells the
+whole story.  Some accident had awakened the suspicion in him that these
+smooth friends who had been petting and coddling him and making him feel
+so safe and so fortunate after his forlorn and lonely wanderings were the
+dreaded Thugs; and now their ghastly invitation to "sit and rest" had
+confirmed its truth.  He knew there was no help for him, and that he was
+looking his last upon earthly things, but "he would not sit."  No, not
+that--it was too awful to think of!
+
+There are a number of instances which indicate that when a man had once
+tasted the regal joys of man-hunting he could not be content with the
+dull monotony of a crimeless life after ward.  Example, from a Thug's
+testimony:
+
+     "We passed through to Kurnaul, where we found a former Thug named
+     Junooa, an old comrade of ours, who had turned religious mendicant
+     and become a disciple and holy.  He came to us in the serai and
+     weeping with joy returned to his old trade."
+
+Neither wealth nor honors nor dignities could satisfy a reformed Thug for
+long.  He would throw them all away, someday, and go back to the lurid
+pleasures of hunting men, and being hunted himself by the British.
+
+Ramzam was taken into a great native grandee's service and given
+authority over five villages.  "My authority extended over these people
+to summons them to my presence, to make them stand or sit.  I dressed
+well, rode my pony, and had two sepoys, a scribe and a village guard to
+attend me.  During three years I used to pay each village a monthly
+visit, and no one suspected that I was a Thug!  The chief man used to
+wait on me to transact business, and as I passed along, old and young
+made their salaam to me."
+
+And yet during that very three years he got leave of absence "to attend a
+wedding," and instead went off on a Thugging lark with six other Thugs
+and hunted the highway for fifteen days!--with satisfactory results.
+
+Afterwards he held a great office under a Rajah.  There he had ten miles
+of country under his command and a military guard of fifteen men, with
+authority to call out 2,000 more upon occasion.  But the British got on
+his track, and they crowded him so that he had to give himself up.  See
+what a figure he was when he was gotten up for style and had all his
+things on: "I was fully armed--a sword, shield, pistols, a matchlock
+musket and a flint gun, for I was fond of being thus arrayed, and when so
+armed feared not though forty men stood before me."
+
+He gave himself up and proudly proclaimed himself a Thug.  Then by
+request he agreed to betray his friend and pal, Buhram, a Thug with the
+most tremendous record in India.  "I went to the house where Buhram slept
+(often has he led our gangs!) I woke him, he knew me well, and came
+outside to me.  It was a cold night, so under pretence of warming myself,
+but in reality to have light for his seizure by the guards, I lighted
+some straw and made a blaze.  We were warming our hands.  The guards drew
+around us.  I said to them, 'This is Buhram,' and he was seized just as a
+cat seizes a mouse.  Then Buhram said, 'I am a Thug! my father was a
+Thug, my grandfather was a Thug, and I have thugged with many!'"
+
+So spoke the mighty hunter, the mightiest of the mighty, the Gordon
+Cumming of his day.  Not much regret noticeable in it.--["Having planted
+a bullet in the shoulder-bone of an elephant, and caused the agonized
+creature to lean for support against a tree, I proceeded to brew some
+coffee.  Having refreshed myself, taking observations of the elephant's
+spasms and writhings between the sips, I resolved to make experiments on
+vulnerable points, and, approaching very near, I fired several bullets at
+different parts of his enormous skull.  He only acknowledged the shots by
+a salaam-like movement of his trunk, with the point of which he gently
+touched the wounds with a striking and peculiar action.  Surprised and
+shocked to find that I was only prolonging the suffering of the noble
+beast, which bore its trials with such dignified composure, I resolved to
+finish the proceeding with all possible despatch, and accordingly opened
+fire upon him from the left side.  Aiming at the shoulder, I fired six
+shots with the two-grooved rifle, which must have eventually proved
+mortal, after which I fired six shots at the same part with the Dutch
+six-founder.  Large tears now trickled down from his eyes, which he
+slowly shut and opened, his colossal frame shivered convulsively, and
+falling on his side he expired."--Gordon Cumming.]
+
+So many many times this Official Report leaves one's curiosity
+unsatisfied.  For instance, here is a little paragraph out of the record
+of a certain band of 193 Thugs, which has that defect:
+
+     "Fell in with Lall Sing Subahdar and his family, consisting of nine
+     persons.  Traveled with them two days, and the third put them all to
+     death except the two children, little boys of one and a half years
+     old."
+
+There it stops.  What did they do with those poor little fellows?  What
+was their subsequent history?  Did they purpose training them up as
+Thugs?  How could they take care of such little creatures on a march
+which stretched over several months?  No one seems to have cared to ask
+any questions about the babies.  But I do wish I knew.
+
+One would be apt to imagine that the Thugs were utterly callous, utterly
+destitute of human feelings, heartless toward their own families as well
+as toward other people's; but this was not so.  Like all other Indians,
+they had a passionate love for their kin.  A shrewd British officer who
+knew the Indian character, took that characteristic into account in
+laying his plans for the capture of Eugene Sue's famous Feringhea.  He
+found out Feringhea's hiding-place, and sent a guard by night to seize
+him, but the squad was awkward and he got away.  However, they got the
+rest of the family--the mother, wife, child, and brother--and brought
+them to the officer, at Jubbulpore; the officer did not fret, but bided
+his time: "I knew Feringhea would not go far while links so dear to him
+were in my hands."  He was right.  Feringhea knew all the danger he was
+running by staying in the neighborhood, still he could not tear himself
+away.  The officer found that he divided his time between five villages
+where be had relatives and friends who could get news for him from his
+family in Jubbulpore jail; and that he never slept two consecutive nights
+in the same village.  The officer traced out his several haunts, then
+pounced upon all the five villages on the one night and at the same hour,
+and got his man.
+
+Another example of family affection.  A little while previously to the
+capture of Feringhea's family, the British officer had captured
+Feringhea's foster-brother, leader of a gang of ten, and had tried the
+eleven and condemned them to be hanged.  Feringhea's captured family
+arrived at the jail the day before the execution was to take place.  The
+foster-brother, Jhurhoo, entreated to be allowed to see the aged mother
+and the others.  The prayer was granted, and this is what took place--it
+is the British officer who speaks:
+
+     "In the morning, just before going to the scaffold, the interview
+     took place before me.  He fell at the old woman's feet and begged
+     that she would relieve him from the obligations of the milk with
+     which she had nourished him from infancy, as he was about to die
+     before he could fulfill any of them.  She placed her hands on his
+     head, and he knelt, and she said she forgave him all, and bid him
+     die like a man."
+
+If a capable artist should make a picture of it, it would be full of
+dignity and solemnity and pathos; and it could touch you.  You would
+imagine it to be anything but what it was.  There is reverence there, and
+tenderness, and gratefulness, and compassion, and resignation, and
+fortitude, and self-respect--and no sense of disgrace, no thought of
+dishonor.  Everything is there that goes to make a noble parting, and
+give it a moving grace and beauty and dignity.  And yet one of these
+people is a Thug and the other a mother of Thugs!  The incongruities of
+our human nature seem to reach their limit here.
+
+I wish to make note of one curious thing while I think of it.  One of the
+very commonest remarks to be found in this bewildering array of Thug
+confessions is this:
+
+"Strangled him and threw him an a well!"  In one case they threw sixteen
+into a well--and they had thrown others in the same well before.  It
+makes a body thirsty to read about it.
+
+And there is another very curious thing.  The bands of Thugs had private
+graveyards.  They did not like to kill and bury at random, here and there
+and everywhere.  They preferred to wait, and toll the victims along, and
+get to one of their regular burying-places ('bheels') if they could.  In
+the little kingdom of Oude, which was about half as big as Ireland and
+about as big as the State of Maine, they had two hundred and seventy-four
+'bheels'.  They were scattered along fourteen hundred miles of road, at
+an average of only five miles apart, and the British government traced
+out and located each and every one of them and set them down on the map.
+
+The Oude bands seldom went out of their own country, but they did a
+thriving business within its borders.  So did outside bands who came in
+and helped.  Some of the Thug leaders of Oude were noted for their
+successful careers.  Each of four of them confessed to above 300 murders;
+another to nearly 400; our friend Ramzam to 604--he is the one who got
+leave of absence to attend a wedding and went thugging instead; and he is
+also the one who betrayed Buhram to the British.
+
+But the biggest records of all were the murder-lists of Futty Khan and
+Buhram.  Futty Khan's number is smaller than Ramzam's, but he is placed
+at the head because his average is the best in Oude-Thug history per year
+of service.  His slaughter was 508 men in twenty years, and he was still
+a young man when the British stopped his industry.  Buhram's list was 931
+murders, but it took him forty years.  His average was one man and nearly
+all of another man per month for forty years, but Futty Khan's average
+was two men and a little of another man per month during his twenty years
+of usefulness.
+
+There is one very striking thing which I wish to call attention to.  You
+have surmised from the listed callings followed by the victims of the
+Thugs that nobody could travel the Indian roads unprotected and live to
+get through; that the Thugs respected no quality, no vocation, no
+religion, nobody; that they killed every unarmed man that came in their
+way.  That is wholly true--with one reservation.  In all the long file of
+Thug confessions an English traveler is mentioned but once--and this is
+what the Thug says of the circumstance:
+
+     "He was on his way from Mhow to Bombay.  We studiously avoided him.
+     He proceeded next morning with a number of travelers who had sought
+     his protection, and they took the road to Baroda."
+
+We do not know who he was; he flits across the page of this rusty old
+book and disappears in the obscurity beyond; but he is an impressive
+figure, moving through that valley of death serene and unafraid, clothed
+in the might of the English name.
+
+We have now followed the big official book through, and we understand
+what Thuggee was, what a bloody terror it was, what a desolating scourge
+it was.  In 1830 the English found this cancerous organization imbedded
+in the vitals of the empire, doing its devastating work in secrecy, and
+assisted, protected, sheltered, and hidden by innumerable confederates
+--big and little native chiefs, customs officers, village officials, and
+native police, all ready to lie for it, and the mass of the people,
+through fear, persistently pretending to know nothing about its doings;
+and this condition of things had existed for generations, and was
+formidable with the sanctions of age and old custom.  If ever there was
+an unpromising task, if ever there was a hopeless task in the world,
+surely it was offered here--the task of conquering Thuggee.  But that
+little handful of English officials in India set their sturdy and
+confident grip upon it, and ripped it out, root and branch!  How modest
+do Captain Vallancey's words sound now, when we read them again, knowing
+what we know:
+
+     "The day that sees this far-spread evil completely eradicated from
+     India, and known only in name, will greatly tend to immortalize
+     British rule in the East."
+
+It would be hard to word a claim more modestly than that for this most
+noble work.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLVIII.
+
+Grief can take care of itself; but to get the full value of a joy you
+must have somebody to divide it with.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We left Bombay for Allahabad by a night train.  It is the custom of the
+country to avoid day travel when it can conveniently be done.  But there
+is one trouble: while you can seemingly "secure" the two lower berths by
+making early application, there is no ticket as witness of it, and no
+other producible evidence in case your proprietorship shall chance to be
+challenged.  The word "engaged" appears on the window, but it doesn't
+state who the compartment is engaged, for.  If your Satan and your Barney
+arrive before somebody else's servants, and spread the bedding on the two
+sofas and then stand guard till you come, all will be well; but if they
+step aside on an errand, they may find the beds promoted to the two
+shelves, and somebody else's demons standing guard over their master's
+beds, which in the meantime have been spread upon your sofas.
+
+You do not pay anything extra for your sleeping place; that is where the
+trouble lies.  If you buy a fare-ticket and fail to use it, there is room
+thus made available for someone else; but if the place were secured to
+you it would remain vacant, and yet your ticket would secure you another
+place when you were presently ready to travel.
+
+However, no explanation of such a system can make it seem quite rational
+to a person who has been used to a more rational system.  If our people
+had the arranging of it, we should charge extra for securing the place,
+and then the road would suffer no loss if the purchaser did not occupy
+it.
+
+The present system encourages good manners--and also discourages them.
+If a young girl has a lower berth and an elderly lady comes in, it is
+usual for the girl to offer her place to this late comer; and it is usual
+for the late comer to thank her courteously and take it.  But the thing
+happens differently sometimes.  When we were ready to leave Bombay my
+daughter's satchels were holding possession of her berth--a lower one.
+At the last moment, a middle-aged American lady swarmed into the
+compartment, followed by native porters laden with her baggage.  She was
+growling and snarling and scolding, and trying to make herself
+phenomenally disagreeable; and succeeding.  Without a word, she hoisted
+the satchels into the hanging shelf, and took possession of that lower
+berth.
+
+On one of our trips Mr. Smythe and I got out at a station to walk up and
+down, and when we came back Smythe's bed was in the hanging shelf and an
+English cavalry officer was in bed on the sofa which he had lately been
+occupying.  It was mean to be glad about it, but it is the way we are
+made; I could not have been gladder if it had been my enemy that had
+suffered this misfortune.  We all like to see people in trouble, if it
+doesn't cost us anything.  I was so happy over Mr. Smythe's chagrin that
+I couldn't go to sleep for thinking of it and enjoying it.  I knew he
+supposed the officer had committed the robbery himself, whereas without a
+doubt the officer's servant had done it without his knowledge.  Mr.
+Smythe kept this incident warm in his heart, and longed for a chance to
+get even with somebody for it.  Sometime afterward the opportunity came,
+in Calcutta.  We were leaving on a 24-hour journey to Darjeeling.  Mr.
+Barclay, the general superintendent, has made special provision for our
+accommodation, Mr. Smythe said; so there was no need to hurry about
+getting to the train; consequently, we were a little late.
+
+When we arrived, the usual immense turmoil and confusion of a great
+Indian station were in full blast.  It was an immoderately long train,
+for all the natives of India were going by it somewhither, and the native
+officials were being pestered to frenzy by belated and anxious people.
+They didn't know where our car was, and couldn't remember having received
+any orders about it.  It was a deep disappointment; moreover, it looked
+as if our half of our party would be left behind altogether.  Then Satan
+came running and said he had found a compartment with one shelf and one
+sofa unoccupied, and had made our beds and had stowed our baggage.  We
+rushed to the place, and just as the train was ready to pull out and the
+porters were slamming the doors to, all down the line, an officer of the
+Indian Civil Service, a good friend of ours, put his head in and said:--
+
+"I have been hunting for you everywhere.  What are you doing here?  Don't
+you know----"
+
+The train started before he could finish.  Mr. Smythe's opportunity was
+come.  His bedding, on the shelf, at once changed places with the
+bedding--a stranger's--that was occupying the sofa that was opposite to
+mine.  About ten o'clock we stopped somewhere, and a large Englishman of
+official military bearing stepped in.  We pretended to be asleep.  The
+lamps were covered, but there was light enough for us to note his look of
+surprise.  He stood there, grand and fine, peering down at Smythe, and
+wondering in silence at the situation.  After a bit be said:--
+
+"Well!" And that was all.
+
+But that was enough.  It was easy to understand.  It meant: "This is
+extraordinary.  This is high-handed.  I haven't had an experience like
+this before."
+
+He sat down on his baggage, and for twenty minutes we watched him through
+our eyelashes, rocking and swaying there to the motion of the train.
+Then we came to a station, and he got up and went out, muttering: "I must
+find a lower berth, or wait over." His servant came presently and carried
+away his things.
+
+Mr. Smythe's sore place was healed, his hunger for revenge was satisfied.
+But he couldn't sleep, and neither could I; for this was a venerable old.
+car, and nothing about it was taut.  The closet door slammed all night,
+and defied every fastening we could invent.  We got up very much jaded,
+at dawn, and stepped out at a way station; and, while we were taking a
+cup of coffee, that Englishman ranged up alongside, and somebody said to
+him:
+
+"So you didn't stop off, after all?"
+
+"No.  The guard found a place for me that had been, engaged and not
+occupied.  I had a whole saloon car all to myself--oh, quite palatial!
+I never had such luck in my life."
+
+That was our car, you see.  We moved into it, straight off, the family
+and all.  But I asked the English gentleman to remain, and he did.  A
+pleasant man, an infantry colonel; and doesn't know, yet, that Smythe
+robbed him of his berth, but thinks it was done by Smythe's servant
+without Smythe's knowledge.  He was assisted in gathering this
+impression.
+
+The Indian trains are manned by natives exclusively.  The Indian stations
+except very large and important ones--are manned entirely by natives, and
+so are the posts and telegraphs.  The rank and file of the police are
+natives.  All these people are pleasant and accommodating.  One day I
+left an express train to lounge about in that perennially ravishing show,
+the ebb and flow and whirl of gaudy natives, that is always surging up
+and down the spacious platform of a great Indian station; and I lost
+myself in the ecstasy of it, and when I turned, the train was moving
+swiftly away.  I was going to sit down and wait for another train, as I
+would have done at home; I had no thought of any other course.  But a
+native official, who had a green flag in his hand, saw me, and said
+politely:
+
+"Don't you belong in the train, sir?"
+
+"Yes." I said.
+
+He waved his flag, and the train came back!  And he put me aboard with as
+much ceremony as if I had been the General Superintendent.  They are
+kindly people, the natives.  The face and the bearing that indicate a
+surly spirit and a bad heart seemed to me to be so rare among Indians--so
+nearly non-existent, in fact--that I sometimes wondered if Thuggee wasn't
+a dream, and not a reality.  The bad hearts are there, but I believe that
+they are in a small, poor minority.  One thing is sure: They are much the
+most interesting people in the world--and the nearest to being
+incomprehensible.  At any rate, the hardest to account for.  Their
+character and their history, their customs and their religion, confront
+you with riddles at every turn-riddles which are a trifle more perplexing
+after they are explained than they were before.  You can get the facts of
+a custom--like caste, and Suttee, and Thuggee, and so on--and with the
+facts a theory which tries to explain, but never quite does it to your
+satisfaction.  You can never quite understand how so strange a thing
+could have been born, nor why.
+
+For instance--the Suttee.  This is the explanation of it:
+
+A woman who throws away her life when her husband dies is instantly
+joined to him again, and is forever afterward happy with him in heaven;
+her family will build a little monument to her, or a temple, and will
+hold her in honor, and, indeed, worship her memory always; they will
+themselves be held in honor by the public; the woman's self-sacrifice has
+conferred a noble and lasting distinction upon her posterity.  And,
+besides, see what she has escaped: If she had elected to live, she would
+be a disgraced person; she could not remarry; her family would despise
+her and disown her; she would be a friendless outcast, and miserable all
+her days.
+
+Very well, you say, but the explanation is not complete yet.  How did
+people come to drift into such a strange custom?  What was the origin of
+the idea?  "Well, nobody knows; it was probably a revelation sent down by
+the gods."  One more thing: Why was such a cruel death chosen--why
+wouldn't a gentle one have answered?  "Nobody knows; maybe that was a
+revelation, too."
+
+No--you can never understand it.  It all seems impossible.  You resolve
+to believe that a widow never burnt herself willingly, but went to her
+death because she was afraid to defy public opinion.  But you are not
+able to keep that position.  History drives you from it.  Major Sleeman
+has a convincing case in one of his books.  In his government on the
+Nerbudda he made a brave attempt on the 28th of March, 1828, to put down
+Suttee on his own hook and without warrant from the Supreme Government of
+India.  He could not foresee that the Government would put it down itself
+eight months later.  The only backing he had was a bold nature and a
+compassionate heart.  He issued his proclamation abolishing the Suttee in
+his district.  On the morning of Tuesday--note the day of the week--the
+24th of the following November, Ummed Singh Upadhya, head of the most
+respectable and most extensive Brahmin family in the district, died, and
+presently came a deputation of his sons and grandsons to beg that his old
+widow might be allowed to burn herself upon his pyre.  Sleeman threatened
+to enforce his order, and punish severely any man who assisted; and he
+placed a police guard to see that no one did so.  From the early morning
+the old widow of sixty-five had been sitting on the bank of the sacred
+river by her dead, waiting through the long hours for the permission; and
+at last the refusal came instead.  In one little sentence Sleeman gives
+you a pathetic picture of this lonely old gray figure: all day and all
+night "she remained sitting by the edge of the water without eating or
+drinking."  The next morning the body of the husband was burned to ashes
+in a pit eight feet square and three or four feet deep, in the view of
+several thousand spectators.  Then the widow waded out to a bare rock in
+the river, and everybody went away but her sons and other relations.  All
+day she sat there on her rock in the blazing sun without food or drink,
+and with no clothing but a sheet over her shoulders.
+
+The relatives remained with her and all tried to persuade her to desist
+from her purpose, for they deeply loved her.  She steadily refused.  Then
+a part of the family went to Sleeman's house, ten miles away, and tried
+again to get him to let her burn herself.  He refused, hoping to save her
+yet.
+
+All that day she scorched in her sheet on the rock, and all that night
+she kept her vigil there in the bitter cold.  Thursday morning, in the
+sight of her relatives, she went through a ceremonial which said more to
+them than any words could have done; she put on the dhaja (a coarse red
+turban) and broke her bracelets in pieces.  By these acts she became a
+dead person in the eye of the law, and excluded from her caste forever.
+By the iron rule of ancient custom, if she should now choose to live she
+could never return to her family.  Sleeman was in deep trouble.  If she
+starved herself to death her family would be disgraced; and, moreover,
+starving would be a more lingering misery than the death by fire.  He
+went back in the evening thoroughly worried.  The old woman remained on
+her rock, and there in the morning he found her with her dhaja still on
+her head.  "She talked very collectedly, telling me that she had
+determined to mix her ashes with those of her departed husband, and
+should patiently wait my permission to do so, assured that God would
+enable her to sustain life till that was given, though she dared not eat
+or drink.  Looking at the sun, then rising before her over a long and
+beautiful reach of the river, she said calmly, 'My soul has been for five
+days with my husband's near that sun; nothing but my earthly frame is
+left; and this, I know, you will in time suffer to be mixed with his
+ashes in yonder pit, because it is not in your nature or usage wantonly
+to prolong the miseries of a poor old woman.'"
+
+He assured her that it was his desire and duty to save her, and to urge
+her to live, and to keep her family from the disgrace of being thought
+her murderers.  But she said she "was not afraid of their being thought
+so; that they had all, like good children, done everything in their power
+to induce her to live, and to abide with them;  and if I should consent I
+know they would love and honor me, but my duties to them have now ended.
+I commit them all to your care, and I go to attend my husband, Ummed
+Singh Upadhya, with whose ashes on the funeral pile mine have been
+already three times mixed."
+
+She believed that she and he had been upon the earth three several times
+as wife and husband, and that she had burned herself to death three times
+upon his pyre.  That is why she said that strange thing.  Since she had
+broken her bracelets and put on the red turban she regarded herself as a
+corpse; otherwise she would not have allowed herself to do her husband
+the irreverence of pronouncing his name.  "This was the first time in her
+long life that she had ever uttered her husband's name, for in India no
+woman, high or low, ever pronounces the name of her husband."
+
+Major Sleeman still tried to shake her purpose.  He promised to build her
+a fine house among the temples of her ancestors upon the bank of the
+river and make handsome provision for her out of rent-free lands if she
+would consent to live; and if she wouldn't he would allow no stone or
+brick to ever mark the place where she died.  But she only smiled and
+said, "My pulse has long ceased to beat, my spirit has departed; I shall
+suffer nothing in the burning; and if you wish proof, order some fire and
+you shall see this arm consumed without giving me any pain."
+
+Sleeman was now satisfied that he could not alter her purpose.  He sent
+for all the chief members of the family and said he would suffer her to
+burn herself if they would enter into a written engagement to abandon the
+suttee in their family thenceforth.  They agreed; the papers were drawn
+out and signed, and at noon, Saturday, word was sent to the poor old
+woman.  She seemed greatly pleased.  The ceremonies of bathing were gone
+through with, and by three o'clock she was ready and the fire was briskly
+burning in the pit.  She had now gone without food or drink during more
+than four days and a half.  She came ashore from her rock, first wetting
+her sheet in the waters of the sacred river, for without that safeguard
+any shadow which might fall upon her would convey impurity to her; then
+she walked to the pit, leaning upon one of her sons and a nephew--the
+distance was a hundred and fifty yards.
+
+"I had sentries placed all around, and no other person was allowed to
+approach within five paces.  She came on with a calm and cheerful
+countenance, stopped once, and casting her eyes upwards, said, 'Why have
+they kept me five days from thee, my husband?'  On coming to the sentries
+her supporters stopped and remained standing; she moved on, and walked
+once around the pit, paused a moment, and while muttering a prayer, threw
+some flowers into the fire.  She then walked up deliberately and steadily
+to the brink, stepped into the centre of the flame, sat down, and leaning
+back in the midst as if reposing upon a couch, was consumed without
+uttering a shriek or betraying one sign of agony."
+
+It is fine and beautiful.  It compels one's reverence and respect--no,
+has it freely, and without compulsion.  We see how the custom, once
+started, could continue, for the soul of it is that stupendous power,
+Faith; faith brought to the pitch of effectiveness by the cumulative
+force of example and long use and custom; but we cannot understand how
+the first widows came to take to it.  That is a perplexing detail.
+
+Sleeman says that it was usual to play music at the suttee, but that the
+white man's notion that this was to drown the screams of the martyr is
+not correct; that it had a quite different purpose.  It was believed that
+the martyr died prophecying; that the prophecies sometimes foretold
+disaster, and it was considered a kindness to those upon whom it was to
+fall to drown the voice and keep them in ignorance of the misfortune that
+was to come.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XLIX.
+
+He had had much experience of physicians, and said "the only way to keep
+your health is to eat what you don't want, drink what; you don't like,
+and do what you'd druther not."
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+It was a long journey--two nights, one day, and part of another day, from
+Bombay eastward to Allahabad; but it was always interesting, and it was
+not fatiguing.  At first the, night travel promised to be fatiguing, but
+that was on account of pyjamas.  This foolish night-dress consists of
+jacket and drawers.  Sometimes they are made of silk, sometimes of a
+raspy, scratchy, slazy woolen material with a sandpaper surface.  The
+drawers are loose elephant-legged and elephant-waisted things, and
+instead of buttoning around the body there is a drawstring to produce the
+required shrinkage.  The jacket is roomy, and one buttons it in front.
+Pyjamas are hot on a hot night and cold on a cold night--defects which a
+nightshirt is free from.  I tried the pyjamas in order to be in the
+fashion; but I was obliged to give them up, I couldn't stand them.  There
+was no sufficient change from day-gear to night-gear.  I missed the
+refreshing and luxurious sense, induced by the night-gown, of being
+undressed, emancipated, set free from restraints and trammels.  In place
+of that, I had the worried, confined, oppressed, suffocated sense of
+being abed with my clothes on.  All through the warm half of the night
+the coarse surfaces irritated my skin and made it feel baked and
+feverish, and the dreams which came in the fitful flurries of slumber
+were such as distress the sleep of the damned, or ought to; and all
+through the cold other half of the night I could get no time for sleep
+because I had to employ it all in stealing blankets.  But blankets are of
+no value at such a time; the higher they are piled the more effectively
+they cork the cold in and keep it from getting out.  The result is that
+your legs are ice, and you know how you will feel by and by when you are
+buried.  In a sane interval I discarded the pyjamas, and led a rational
+and comfortable life thenceforth.
+
+Out in the country in India, the day begins early.  One sees a plain,
+perfectly flat, dust-colored and brick-yardy, stretching limitlessly away
+on every side in the dim gray light, striped everywhere with hard-beaten
+narrow paths, the vast flatness broken at wide intervals by bunches of
+spectral trees that mark where villages are; and along all the paths are
+slender women and the black forms of lanky naked men moving, to their
+work, the women with brass water-jars on their heads, the men carrying
+hoes.  The man is not entirely naked; always there is a bit of white rag,
+a loin-cloth; it amounts to a bandage, and is a white accent on his black
+person, like the silver band around the middle of a pipe-stem.  Sometimes
+he also wears a fluffy and voluminous white turban, and this adds a
+second accent.  He then answers properly to Miss Gordon Cumming's
+flash-light picture of him--as a person who is dressed in "a turban
+and a pocket handkerchief."
+
+All day long one has this monotony of dust-colored dead levels and
+scattering bunches of trees and mud villages.  You soon realize that
+India is not beautiful; still there is an enchantment about it that is
+beguiling, and which does not pall.  You cannot tell just what it is that
+makes the spell, perhaps, but you feel it and confess it, nevertheless.
+Of course, at bottom, you know in a vague way that it is history; it is
+that that affects you, a haunting sense of the myriads of human lives
+that have blossomed, and withered, and perished here, repeating and
+repeating and repeating, century after century, and age after age, the
+barren and meaningless process; it is this sense that gives to this
+forlorn, uncomely land power to speak to the spirit and make friends with
+it; to, speak to it with a voice bitter with satire, but eloquent with
+melancholy.  The deserts of Australia and the ice-barrens of Greenland
+have no speech, for they have no venerable history; with nothing to tell
+of man and his vanities, his fleeting glories and his miseries, they have
+nothing wherewith to spiritualize their ugliness and veil it with a
+charm.
+
+There is nothing pretty about an Indian village--a mud one--and I do not
+remember that we saw any but mud ones on that long flight to Allahabad.
+It is a little bunch of dirt-colored mud hovels jammed together within a
+mud wall.  As a rule, the rains had beaten down parts of some of the
+houses, and this gave the village the aspect of a mouldering and hoary
+ruin.  I believe the cattle and the vermin live inside the wall; for I
+saw cattle coming out and cattle going in; and whenever I saw a villager,
+he was scratching.  This last is only circumstantial evidence, but I
+think it has value.  The village has a battered little temple or two, big
+enough to hold an idol, and with custom enough to fat-up a priest and
+keep him comfortable.  Where there are Mohammedans there are generally a
+few sorry tombs outside the village that have a decayed and neglected
+look.  The villages interested me because of things which Major Sleeman
+says about them in his books--particularly what he says about the
+division of labor in them.  He says that the whole face of India is
+parceled out into estates of villages; that nine-tenths of the vast
+population of the land consist of cultivators of the soil; that it is
+these cultivators who inhabit the villages; that there are certain
+"established" village servants--mechanics and others who are apparently
+paid a wage by the village at large, and whose callings remain in certain
+families and are handed down from father to son, like an estate.  He
+gives a list of these established servants: Priest, blacksmith,
+carpenter, accountant, washerman, basketmaker, potter, watchman, barber,
+shoemaker, brazier, confectioner, weaver, dyer, etc.  In his day witches
+abounded, and it was not thought good business wisdom for a man to marry
+his daughter into a family that hadn't a witch in it, for she would need
+a witch on the premises to protect her children from the evil spells
+which would certainly be cast upon them by the witches connected with the
+neighboring families.
+
+The office of midwife was hereditary in the family of the basket-maker.
+It belonged to his wife.  She might not be competent, but the office was
+hers, anyway.  Her pay was not high--25 cents for a boy, and half as much
+for a girl.  The girl was not desired, because she would be a disastrous
+expense by and by.  As soon as she should be old enough to begin to wear
+clothes for propriety's sake, it would be a disgrace to the family if she
+were not married; and to marry her meant financial ruin; for by custom
+the father must spend upon feasting and wedding-display everything he had
+and all he could borrow--in fact, reduce himself to a condition of
+poverty which he might never more recover from.
+
+It was the dread of this prospective ruin which made the killing of
+girl-babies so prevalent in India in the old days before England laid the
+iron hand of her prohibitions upon the piteous slaughter.  One may judge
+of how prevalent the custom was, by one of Sleeman's casual electrical
+remarks, when he speaks of children at play in villages--where
+girl-voices were never heard!
+
+The wedding-display folly is still in full force in India, and by
+consequence the destruction of girl-babies is still furtively practiced;
+but not largely, because of the vigilance of the government and the
+sternness of the penalties it levies.
+
+In some parts of India the village keeps in its pay three other servants:
+an astrologer to tell the villager when he may plant his crop, or make a
+journey, or marry a wife, or strangle a child, or borrow a dog, or climb
+a tree, or catch a rat, or swindle a neighbor, without offending the
+alert and solicitous heavens; and what his dream means, if he has had one
+and was not bright enough to interpret it himself by the details of his
+dinner; the two other established servants were the tiger-persuader and
+the hailstorm discourager.  The one kept away the tigers if he could, and
+collected the wages anyway, and the other kept off the hailstorms, or
+explained why he failed.  He charged the same for explaining a failure
+that he did for scoring a success.  A man is an idiot who can't earn a
+living in India.
+
+Major Sleeman reveals the fact that the trade union and the boycott are
+antiquities in India.  India seems to have originated everything.  The
+"sweeper" belongs to the bottom caste; he is the lowest of the low--all
+other castes despise him and scorn his office.  But that does not trouble
+him.  His caste is a caste, and that is sufficient for him, and so he is
+proud of it, not ashamed.  Sleeman says:
+
+     "It is perhaps not known to many of my countrymen, even in India,
+     that in every town and city in the country the right of sweeping the
+     houses and streets is a monopoly, and is supported entirely by the
+     pride of castes among the scavengers, who are all of the lowest
+     class.  The right of sweeping within a certain range is recognized
+     by the caste to belong to a certain member; and if any other member
+     presumes to sweep within that range, he is excommunicated--no other
+     member will smoke out of his pipe or drink out of his jug; and he
+     can get restored to caste only by a feast to the whole body of
+     sweepers.  If any housekeeper within a particular circle happens to
+     offend the sweeper of that range, none of his filth will be removed
+     till he pacifies him, because no other sweeper will dare to touch
+     it; and the people of a town are often more tyrannized over by these
+     people than by any other."
+
+A footnote by Major Sleeman's editor, Mr. Vincent Arthur Smith, says that
+in our day this tyranny of the sweepers' guild is one of the many
+difficulties which bar the progress of Indian sanitary reform.  Think of
+this:
+
+     "The sweepers cannot be readily coerced, because no Hindoo or
+     Mussulman would do their work to save his life, nor will he pollute
+     himself by beating the refractory scavenger."
+
+They certainly do seem to have the whip-hand; it would be difficult to
+imagine a more impregnable position.  "The vested rights described in the
+text are so fully recognized in practice that they are frequently the
+subject of sale or mortgage."
+
+Just like a milk-route; or like a London crossing-sweepership.  It is
+said that the London crossing-sweeper's right to his crossing is
+recognized by the rest of the guild; that they protect him in its
+possession; that certain choice crossings are valuable property, and are
+saleable at high figures.  I have noticed that the man who sweeps in
+front of the Army and Navy Stores has a wealthy South African
+aristocratic style about him; and when he is off his guard, he has
+exactly that look on his face which you always see in the face of a man
+who has is saving up his daughter to marry her to a duke.
+
+It appears from Sleeman that in India the occupation of elephant-driver
+is confined to Mohammedans.  I wonder why that is.  The water-carrier
+('bheestie') is a Mohammedan, but it is said that the reason of that is,
+that the Hindoo's religion does not allow him to touch the skin of dead
+kine, and that is what the water-sack is made of; it would defile him.
+And it doesn't allow him to eat meat; the animal that furnished the meat
+was murdered, and to take any creature's life is a sin.  It is a good and
+gentle religion, but inconvenient.
+
+A great Indian river, at low water, suggests the familiar anatomical
+picture of a skinned human body, the intricate mesh of interwoven muscles
+and tendons to stand for water-channels, and the archipelagoes of fat and
+flesh inclosed by them to stand for the sandbars.  Somewhere on this
+journey we passed such a river, and on a later journey we saw in the
+Sutlej the duplicate of that river.  Curious rivers they are; low shores
+a dizzy distance apart, with nothing between but an enormous acreage of
+sand-flats with sluggish little veins of water dribbling around amongst
+them; Saharas of sand, smallpox-pitted with footprints punctured in belts
+as straight as the equator clear from the one shore to the other (barring
+the channel-interruptions)--a dry-shod ferry, you see.  Long railway
+bridges are required for this sort of rivers, and India has them.  You
+approach Allahabad by a very long one.  It was now carrying us across the
+bed of the Jumna, a bed which did not seem to have been slept in for one
+while or more.  It wasn't all river-bed--most of it was overflow ground.
+
+Allahabad means "City of God." I get this from the books.  From a printed
+curiosity--a letter written by one of those brave and confident Hindoo
+strugglers with the English tongue, called a "babu"--I got a more
+compressed translation: "Godville." It is perfectly correct, but that is
+the most that can be said for it.
+
+We arrived in the forenoon, and short-handed; for Satan got left behind
+somewhere that morning, and did not overtake us until after nightfall.
+It seemed very peaceful without him.  The world seemed asleep and
+dreaming.
+
+I did not see the native town, I think.  I do not remember why; for an
+incident connects it with the Great Mutiny, and that is enough to make
+any place interesting.  But I saw the English part of the city.  It is a
+town of wide avenues and noble distances, and is comely and alluring, and
+full of suggestions of comfort and leisure, and of the serenity which a
+good conscience buttressed by a sufficient bank account gives.  The
+bungalows (dwellings) stand well back in the seclusion and privacy of
+large enclosed compounds (private grounds, as we should say) and in the
+shade and shelter of trees.  Even the photographer and the prosperous
+merchant ply their industries in the elegant reserve of big compounds,
+and the citizens drive in thereupon their business occasions.  And not in
+cabs--no; in the Indian cities cabs are for the drifting stranger; all
+the white citizens have private carriages; and each carriage has a flock
+of white-turbaned black footmen and drivers all over it.  The vicinity of
+a lecture-hall looks like a snowstorm,--and makes the lecturer feel like
+an opera.  India has many names, and they are correctly descriptive.  It
+is the Land of Contradictions, the Land of Subtlety and Superstition, the
+Land of Wealth and Poverty, the Land of Splendor and Desolation, the Land
+of Plague and Famine, the Land of the Thug and the Poisoner, and of the
+Meek and the Patient, the Land of the Suttee, the Land of the
+Unreinstatable Widow, the Land where All Life is Holy, the Land of
+Cremation, the Land where the Vulture is a Grave and a Monument, the Land
+of the Multitudinous Gods; and if signs go for anything, it is the Land
+of the Private Carriage.
+
+In Bombay the forewoman of a millinery shop came to the hotel in her
+private carriage to take the measure for a gown--not for me, but for
+another.  She had come out to India to make a temporary stay, but was
+extending it indefinitely; indeed, she was purposing to end her days
+there.  In London, she said, her work had been hard, her hours long; for
+economy's sake she had had to live in shabby rooms and far away from the
+shop, watch the pennies, deny herself many of the common comforts of
+life, restrict herself in effect to its bare necessities, eschew cabs,
+travel third-class by underground train to and from her work, swallowing
+coal-smoke and cinders all the way, and sometimes troubled with the
+society of men and women who were less desirable than the smoke and the
+cinders.  But in Bombay, on almost any kind of wages, she could live in
+comfort, and keep her carriage, and have six servants in place of the
+woman-of-all-work she had had in her English home.  Later, in Calcutta, I
+found that the Standard Oil clerks had small one-horse vehicles, and did
+no walking; and I was told that the clerks of the other large concerns
+there had the like equipment.  But to return to Allahabad.
+
+I was up at dawn, the next morning.  In India the tourist's servant does
+not sleep in a room in the hotel, but rolls himself up head and ears in
+his blanket and stretches himself on the veranda, across the front of his
+master's door, and spends the night there.  I don't believe anybody's
+servant occupies a room.  Apparently, the bungalow servants sleep on the
+veranda; it is roomy, and goes all around the house.  I speak of
+menservants; I saw none of the other sex.  I think there are none, except
+child-nurses.  I was up at dawn, and walked around the veranda, past the
+rows of sleepers.  In front of one door a Hindoo servant was squatting,
+waiting for his master to call him.  He had polished the yellow shoes and
+placed them by the door, and now he had nothing to do but wait.  It was
+freezing cold, but there he was, as motionless as a sculptured image, and
+as patient.  It troubled me.  I wanted to say to him, "Don't crouch there
+like that and freeze; nobody requires it of you; stir around and get
+warm."  But I hadn't the words.  I thought of saying 'jeldy jow', but I
+couldn't remember what it meant, so I didn't say it.  I knew another
+phrase, but it wouldn't come to my mind.  I moved on, purposing to
+dismiss him from my thoughts, but his bare legs and bare feet kept him
+there.  They kept drawing me back from the sunny side to a point whence I
+could see him.  At the end of an hour he had not changed his attitude in
+the least degree.  It was a curious and impressive exhibition of meekness
+and patience, or fortitude or indifference, I did not know which.  But it
+worried me, and it was spoiling my morning.  In fact, it spoiled two
+hours of it quite thoroughly.  I quitted this vicinity, then, and left
+him to punish himself as much as he might want to.  But up to that time
+the man had not changed his attitude a hair.  He will always remain with
+me, I suppose; his figure never grows vague in my memory.  Whenever I
+read of Indian resignation, Indian patience under wrongs, hardships, and
+misfortunes, he comes before me.  He becomes a personification, and
+stands for India in trouble.  And for untold ages India in trouble has
+been pursued with the very remark which I was going to utter but didn't,
+because its meaning had slipped me: "Jeddy jow!"  ("Come, shove along!")
+
+Why, it was the very thing.
+
+In the early brightness we made a long drive out to the Fort.  Part of
+the way was beautiful.  It led under stately trees and through groups of
+native houses and by the usual village well, where the picturesque gangs
+are always flocking to and fro and laughing and chattering; and this time
+brawny men were deluging their bronze bodies with the limpid water, and
+making a refreshing and enticing show of it; enticing, for the sun was
+already transacting business, firing India up for the day.  There was
+plenty of this early bathing going on, for it was getting toward
+breakfast time, and with an unpurified body the Hindoo must not eat.
+
+Then we struck into the hot plain, and found the roads crowded with
+pilgrims of both sexes, for one of the great religious fairs of India was
+being held, just beyond the Fort, at the junction of the sacred rivers,
+the Ganges and the Jumna.  Three sacred rivers, I should have said, for
+there is a subterranean one.  Nobody has seen it, but that doesn't
+signify.  The fact that it is there is enough.  These pilgrims had come
+from all over India; some of them had been months on the way, plodding
+patiently along in the heat and dust, worn, poor, hungry, but supported
+and sustained by an unwavering faith and belief; they were supremely
+happy and content, now; their full and sufficient reward was at hand;
+they were going to be cleansed from every vestige of sin and corruption
+by these holy waters which make utterly pure whatsoever thing they touch,
+even the dead and rotten.  It is wonderful, the power of a faith like
+that, that can make multitudes upon multitudes of the old and weak and
+the young and frail enter without hesitation or complaint upon such
+incredible journeys and endure the resultant miseries without repining.
+It is done in love, or it is done in fear; I do not know which it is.
+No matter what the impulse is, the act born of it is beyond imagination
+marvelous to our kind of people, the cold whites.  There are choice great
+natures among us that could exhibit the equivalent of this prodigious
+self-sacrifice, but the rest of us know that we should not be equal to
+anything approaching it.  Still, we all talk self-sacrifice, and this
+makes me hope that we are large enough to honor it in the Hindoo.
+
+Two millions of natives arrive at this fair every year.  How many start,
+and die on the road, from age and fatigue and disease and scanty
+nourishment, and how many die on the return, from the same causes, no one
+knows; but the tale is great, one may say enormous.  Every twelfth year
+is held to be a year of peculiar grace; a greatly augmented volume of
+pilgrims results then.  The twelfth year has held this distinction since
+the remotest times, it is said.  It is said also that there is to be but
+one more twelfth year--for the Ganges.  After that, that holiest of all
+sacred rivers will cease to be holy, and will be abandoned by the pilgrim
+for many centuries; how many, the wise men have not stated.  At the end
+of that interval it will become holy again.  Meantime, the data will be
+arranged by those people who have charge of all such matters, the great
+chief Brahmins.  It will be like shutting down a mint.  At a first glance
+it looks most unbrahminically uncommercial, but I am not disturbed, being
+soothed and tranquilized by their reputation.  "Brer fox he lay low," as
+Uncle Remus says; and at the judicious time he will spring something on
+the Indian public which will show that he was not financially asleep when
+he took the Ganges out of the market.
+
+Great numbers of the natives along the roads were bringing away holy
+water from the rivers.  They would carry it far and wide in India and
+sell it.  Tavernier, the French traveler (17th century), notes that
+Ganges water is often given at weddings, "each guest receiving a cup or
+two, according to the liberality of the host; sometimes 2,000 or 3,000
+rupees' worth of it is consumed at a wedding."
+
+The Fort is a huge old structure, and has had a large experience in
+religions.  In its great court stands a monolith which was placed there
+more than 2,000 years ago to preach (Budhism) by its pious inscription;
+the Fort was built three centuries ago by a Mohammedan Emperor--a
+resanctification of the place in the interest of that religion.  There is
+a Hindoo temple, too, with subterranean ramifications stocked with
+shrines and idols; and now the Fort belongs to the English, it contains a
+Christian Church.  Insured in all the companies.
+
+From the lofty ramparts one has a fine view of the sacred rivers.  They
+join at that point--the pale blue Jumna, apparently clean and clear, and
+the muddy Ganges, dull yellow and not clean.  On a long curved spit
+between the rivers, towns of tents were visible, with a multitude of
+fluttering pennons, and a mighty swarm of pilgrims.  It was a troublesome
+place to get down to, and not a quiet place when you arrived; but it was
+interesting.  There was a world of activity and turmoil and noise, partly
+religious, partly commercial; for the Mohammedans were there to curse and
+sell, and the Hindoos to buy and pray.  It is a fair as well as a
+religious festival.  Crowds were bathing, praying, and drinking the
+purifying waters, and many sick pilgrims had come long journeys in
+palanquins to be healed of their maladies by a bath; or if that might not
+be, then to die on the blessed banks and so make sure of heaven.  There
+were fakeers in plenty, with their bodies dusted over with ashes and
+their long hair caked together with cow-dung; for the cow is holy and so
+is the rest of it; so holy that the good Hindoo peasant frescoes the
+walls of his hut with this refuse, and also constructs ornamental figures
+out of it for the gracing of his dirt floor.  There were seated families,
+fearfully and wonderfully painted, who by attitude and grouping
+represented the families of certain great gods.  There was a holy man who
+sat naked by the day and by the week on a cluster of iron spikes, and did
+not seem to mind it; and another holy man, who stood all day holding his
+withered arms motionless aloft, and was said to have been doing it for
+years.  All of these performers have a cloth on the ground beside them
+for the reception of contributions, and even the poorest of the people
+give a trifle and hope that the sacrifice will be blessed to him.  At
+last came a procession of naked holy people marching by and chanting, and
+I wrenched myself away.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER L.
+
+The man who is ostentatious of his modesty is twin to the statue that
+wears a fig-leaf.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The journey to Benares was all in daylight, and occupied but a few hours.
+It was admirably dusty.  The dust settled upon you in a thick ashy layer
+and turned you into a fakeer, with nothing lacking to the role but the
+cow manure and the sense of holiness.  There was a change of cars about
+mid-afternoon at Moghul-serai--if that was the name--and a wait of two
+hours there for the Benares train.  We could have found a carriage and
+driven to the sacred city, but we should have lost the wait.  In other
+countries a long wait at a station is a dull thing and tedious, but one
+has no right to have that feeling in India.  You have the monster crowd
+of bejeweled natives, the stir, the bustle, the confusion, the shifting
+splendors of the costumes--dear me, the delight of it, the charm of it
+are beyond speech.  The two-hour wait was over too soon.  Among other
+satisfying things to look at was a minor native prince from the backwoods
+somewhere, with his guard of honor, a ragged but wonderfully gaudy gang
+of fifty dark barbarians armed with rusty flint-lock muskets.  The
+general show came so near to exhausting variety that one would have said
+that no addition to it could be conspicuous, but when this Falstaff and
+his motleys marched through it one saw that that seeming impossibility
+had happened.
+
+We got away by and by, and soon reached the outer edge of Benares; then
+there was another wait; but, as usual, with something to look at.  This
+was a cluster of little canvas-boxes--palanquins.  A canvas-box is not much
+of a sight--when empty; but when there is a lady in it, it is an object
+of interest.  These boxes were grouped apart, in the full blaze of the
+terrible sun during the three-quarters of an hour that we tarried there.
+They contained zenana ladies.  They had to sit up; there was not room
+enough to stretch out.  They probably did not mind it.  They are used to
+the close captivity of the dwellings all their lives; when they go a
+journey they are carried to the train in these boxes; in the train they
+have to be secluded from inspection.  Many people pity them, and I always
+did it myself and never charged anything; but it is doubtful if this
+compassion is valued.  While we were in India some good-hearted Europeans
+in one of the cities proposed to restrict a large park to the use of
+zenana ladies, so that they could go there and in assured privacy go
+about unveiled and enjoy the sunshine and air as they had never enjoyed
+them before.  The good intentions back of the proposition were
+recognized, and sincere thanks returned for it, but the proposition
+itself met with a prompt declination at the hands of those who were
+authorized to speak for the zenana ladies.  Apparently, the idea was
+shocking to the ladies--indeed, it was quite manifestly shocking.  Was
+that proposition the equivalent of inviting European ladies to assemble
+scantily and scandalously clothed in the seclusion of a private park?  It
+seemed to be about that.
+
+Without doubt modesty is nothing less than a holy feeling; and without
+doubt the person whose rule of modesty has been transgressed feels the
+same sort of wound that he would feel if something made holy to him by
+his religion had suffered a desecration.  I say "rule of modesty" because
+there are about a million rules in the world, and this makes a million
+standards to be looked out for.  Major Sleeman mentions the case of some
+high-caste veiled ladies who were profoundly scandalized when some
+English young ladies passed by with faces bare to the world; so
+scandalized that they spoke out with strong indignation and wondered that
+people could be so shameless as to expose their persons like that.  And
+yet "the legs of the objectors were naked to mid-thigh."  Both parties
+were clean-minded and irreproachably modest, while abiding by their
+separate rules, but they couldn't have traded rules for a change without
+suffering considerable discomfort.  All human rules are more or less
+idiotic, I suppose.  It is best so, no doubt.  The way it is now, the
+asylums can hold the sane people, but if we tried to shut up the insane
+we should run out of building materials.
+
+You have a long drive through the outskirts of Benares before you get to
+the hotel.  And all the aspects are melancholy.  It is a vision of dusty
+sterility, decaying temples, crumbling tombs, broken mud walls, shabby
+huts.  The whole region seems to ache with age and penury.  It must take
+ten thousand years of want to produce such an aspect.  We were still
+outside of the great native city when we reached the hotel.  It was a
+quiet and homelike house, inviting, and manifestly comfortable.  But we
+liked its annex better, and went thither.  It was a mile away, perhaps,
+and stood in the midst of a large compound, and was built bungalow
+fashion, everything on the ground floor, and a veranda all around.  They
+have doors in India, but I don't know why.  They don't fasten, and they
+stand open, as a rule, with a curtain hanging in the doorspace to keep
+out the glare of the sun.  Still, there is plenty of privacy, for no
+white person will come in without notice, of course.  The native men
+servants will, but they don't seem to count.  They glide in, barefoot and
+noiseless, and are in the midst before one knows it.  At first this is a
+shock, and sometimes it is an embarrassment; but one has to get used to
+it, and does.
+
+There was one tree in the compound, and a monkey lived in it.  At first I
+was strongly interested in the tree, for I was told that it was the
+renowned peepul--the tree in whose shadow you cannot tell a lie.  This
+one failed to stand the test, and I went away from it disappointed.
+There was a softly creaking well close by, and a couple of oxen drew
+water from it by the hour, superintended by two natives dressed in the
+usual "turban and pocket-handkerchief."  The tree and the well were the
+only scenery, and so the compound was a soothing and lonesome and
+satisfying place; and very restful after so many activities.  There was
+nobody in our bungalow but ourselves; the other guests were in the next
+one, where the table d'hote was furnished.  A body could not be more
+pleasantly situated.  Each room had the customary bath attached--a room
+ten or twelve feet square, with a roomy stone-paved pit in it and
+abundance of water.  One could not easily improve upon this arrangement,
+except by furnishing it with cold water and excluding the hot, in
+deference to the fervency of the climate; but that is forbidden.  It
+would damage the bather's health.  The stranger is warned against taking
+cold baths in India, but even the most intelligent strangers are fools,
+and they do not obey, and so they presently get laid up.  I was the most
+intelligent fool that passed through, that year.  But I am still more
+intelligent now.  Now that it is too late.
+
+I wonder if the 'dorian', if that is the name of it, is another
+superstition, like the peepul tree.  There was a great abundance and
+variety of tropical fruits, but the dorian was never in evidence.  It was
+never the season for the dorian.  It was always going to arrive from
+Burma sometime or other, but it never did.  By all accounts it was a most
+strange fruit, and incomparably delicious to the taste, but not to the
+smell.  Its rind was said to exude a stench of so atrocious a nature that
+when a dorian was in the room even the presence of a polecat was a
+refreshment.  We found many who had eaten the dorian, and they all spoke
+of it with a sort of rapture.  They said that if you could hold your nose
+until the fruit was in your mouth a sacred joy would suffuse you from
+head to foot that would make you oblivious to the smell of the rind, but
+that if your grip slipped and you caught the smell of the rind before the
+fruit was in your mouth, you would faint.  There is a fortune in that
+rind.  Some day somebody will import it into Europe and sell it for
+cheese.
+
+Benares was not a disappointment.  It justified its reputation as a
+curiosity.  It is on high ground, and overhangs a grand curve of the
+Ganges.  It is a vast mass of building, compactly crusting a hill, and is
+cloven in all directions by an intricate confusion of cracks which stand
+for streets.  Tall, slim minarets and beflagged temple-spires rise out of
+it and give it picturesqueness, viewed from the river.  The city is as
+busy as an ant-hill, and the hurly-burly of human life swarming along the
+web of narrow streets reminds one of the ants.  The sacred cow swarms
+along, too, and goes whither she pleases, and takes toll of the
+grain-shops, and is very much in the way, and is a good deal of a
+nuisance, since she must not be molested.
+
+Benares is older than history, older than tradition, older even than
+legend, and looks twice as old as all of them put together.  From a
+Hindoo statement quoted in Rev. Mr. Parker's compact and lucid Guide to
+Benares, I find that the site of the town was the beginning-place of the
+Creation.  It was merely an upright "lingam," at first, no larger than a
+stove-pipe, and stood in the midst of a shoreless ocean.  This was the
+work of the God Vishnu.  Later he spread the lingam out till its surface
+was ten miles across.  Still it was not large enough for the business;
+therefore he presently built the globe around it.  Benares is thus the
+center of the earth.  This is considered an advantage.
+
+It has had a tumultuous history, both materially and spiritually.  It
+started Brahminically, many ages ago; then by and by Buddha came in
+recent times 2,500 years ago, and after that it was Buddhist during many
+centuries--twelve, perhaps--but the Brahmins got the upper hand again,
+then, and have held it ever since.  It is unspeakably sacred in Hindoo
+eyes, and is as unsanitary as it is sacred, and smells like the rind of
+the dorian.  It is the headquarters of the Brahmin faith, and one-eighth
+of the population are priests of that church.  But it is not an
+overstock, for they have all India as a prey.  All India flocks thither
+on pilgrimage, and pours its savings into the pockets of the priests in a
+generous stream, which never fails.  A priest with a good stand on the
+shore of the Ganges is much better off than the sweeper of the best
+crossing in London.  A good stand is worth a world of money.  The holy
+proprietor of it sits under his grand spectacular umbrella and blesses
+people all his life, and collects his commission, and grows fat and rich;
+and the stand passes from father to son, down and down and down through
+the ages, and remains a permanent and lucrative estate in the family.  As
+Mr. Parker suggests, it can become a subject of dispute, at one time or
+another, and then the matter will be settled, not by prayer and fasting
+and consultations with Vishnu, but by the intervention of a much more
+puissant power--an English court.  In Bombay I was told by an American
+missionary that in India there are 640 Protestant missionaries at work.
+At first it seemed an immense force, but of course that was a thoughtless
+idea.  One missionary to 500,000 natives--no, that is not a force; it is
+the reverse of it; 640 marching against an intrenched camp of
+300,000,000--the odds are too great.  A force of 640 in Benares alone
+would have its hands over-full with 8,000 Brahmin priests for adversary.
+Missionaries need to be well equipped with hope and confidence, and this
+equipment they seem to have always had in all parts of the world.  Mr.
+Parker has it.  It enables him to get a favorable outlook out of
+statistics which might add up differently with other mathematicians.  For
+instance:
+
+"During the past few years competent observers declare that the number of
+pilgrims to Benares has increased."
+
+And then he adds up this fact and gets this conclusion:
+
+"But the revival, if so it may be called, has in it the marks of death.
+It is a spasmodic struggle before dissolution."
+
+In this world we have seen the Roman Catholic power dying, upon these
+same terms, for many centuries.  Many a time we have gotten all ready for
+the funeral and found it postponed again, on account of the weather or
+something.  Taught by experience, we ought not to put on our things for
+this Brahminical one till we see the procession move.  Apparently one of
+the most uncertain things in the world is the funeral of a religion.
+
+I should have been glad to acquire some sort of idea of Hindoo theology,
+but the difficulties were too great, the matter was too intricate.  Even
+the mere A, B, C of it is baffling.
+
+There is a trinity--Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu--independent powers,
+apparently, though one cannot feel quite sure of that, because in one of
+the temples there is an image where an attempt has been made to
+concentrate the three in one person.  The three have other names and
+plenty of them, and this makes confusion in one's mind.  The three have
+wives and the wives have several names, and this increases the confusion.
+There are children, the children have many names, and thus the confusion
+goes on and on.  It is not worth while to try to get any grip upon the
+cloud of minor gods, there are too many of them.
+
+It is even a justifiable economy to leave Brahma, the chiefest god of
+all, out of your studies, for he seems to cut no great figure in India.
+The vast bulk of the national worship is lavished upon Shiva and Vishnu
+and their families.  Shiva's symbol--the "lingam" with which Vishnu began
+the Creation--is worshiped by everybody, apparently.  It is the commonest
+object in Benares.  It is on view everywhere, it is garlanded with
+flowers, offerings are made to it, it suffers no neglect.  Commonly it is
+an upright stone, shaped like a thimble-sometimes like an elongated
+thimble.  This priapus-worship, then, is older than history.  Mr. Parker
+says that the lingams in Benares "outnumber the inhabitants."
+
+In Benares there are many Mohammedan mosques.  There are Hindoo temples
+without number--these quaintly shaped and elaborately sculptured little
+stone jugs crowd all the lanes.  The Ganges itself and every individual
+drop of water in it are temples.  Religion, then, is the business of
+Benares, just as gold-production is the business of Johannesburg.  Other
+industries count for nothing as compared with the vast and all-absorbing
+rush and drive and boom of the town's specialty.  Benares is the
+sacredest of sacred cities.  The moment you step across the
+sharply-defined line which separates it from the rest of the globe, you
+stand upon ineffably and unspeakably holy ground.  Mr. Parker says: "It
+is impossible to convey any adequate idea of the intense feelings of
+veneration and affection with which the pious Hindoo regards 'Holy Kashi'
+(Benares)." And then he gives you this vivid and moving picture:
+
+     "Let a Hindoo regiment be marched through the district, and as soon
+     as they cross the line and enter the limits of the holy place they
+     rend the air with cries of 'Kashi ji ki jai--jai--jai!  (Holy
+     Kashi!  Hail to thee!  Hail!  Hail!  Hail)'.  The weary pilgrim
+     scarcely able to stand, with age and weakness, blinded by the dust
+     and heat, and almost dead with fatigue, crawls out of the oven-like
+     railway carriage and as soon as his feet touch the ground he lifts
+     up his withered hands and utters the same pious exclamation.  Let a
+     European in some distant city in casual talk in the bazar mention
+     the fact that he has lived at Benares, and at once voices will be
+     raised to call down blessings on his head, for a dweller in Benares
+     is of all men most blessed."
+
+It makes our own religious enthusiasm seem pale and cold.  Inasmuch as
+the life of religion is in the heart, not the head, Mr. Parker's touching
+picture seems to promise a sort of indefinite postponement of that
+funeral.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LI.
+
+Let me make the superstitions of a nation and I care not who makes its
+laws or its songs either.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Yes, the city of Benares is in effect just a big church, a religious
+hive, whose every cell is a temple, a shrine or a mosque, and whose every
+conceivable earthly and heavenly good is procurable under one roof, so to
+speak--a sort of Army and Navy Stores, theologically stocked.
+
+I will make out a little itinerary for the pilgrim; then you will see how
+handy the system is, how convenient, how comprehensive.  If you go to
+Benares with a serious desire to spiritually benefit yourself, you will
+find it valuable.  I got some of the facts from conversations with the
+Rev. Mr. Parker and the others from his Guide to Benares; they are
+therefore trustworthy.
+
+1. Purification.  At sunrise you must go down to the Ganges and bathe,
+pray, and drink some of the water.  This is for your general
+purification.
+
+2. Protection against Hunger.  Next, you must fortify yourself against
+the sorrowful earthly ill just named.  This you will do by worshiping for
+a moment in the Cow Temple.  By the door of it you will find an image of
+Ganesh, son of Shiva; it has the head of an elephant on a human body; its
+face and hands are of silver.  You will worship it a little, and pass on,
+into a covered veranda, where you will find devotees reciting from the
+sacred books, with the help of instructors.  In this place are groups of
+rude and dismal idols.  You may contribute something for their support;
+then pass into the temple, a grim and stenchy place, for it is populous
+with sacred cows and with beggars.  You will give something to the
+beggars, and "reverently kiss the tails" of such cows as pass along, for
+these cows are peculiarly holy, and this act of worship will secure you
+from hunger for the day.
+
+3. "The Poor Man's Friend."  You will next worship this god.  He is at
+the bottom of a stone cistern in the temple of Dalbhyeswar, under the
+shade of a noble peepul tree on the bluff overlooking the Ganges, so you
+must go back to the river.  The Poor Man's Friend is the god of material
+prosperity in general, and the god of the rain in particular.  You will
+secure material prosperity, or both, by worshiping him.  He is Shiva,
+under a new alias, and he abides in the bottom of that cistern, in the
+form of a stone lingam.  You pour Ganges water over him, and in return
+for this homage you get the promised benefits.  If there is any delay
+about the rain, you must pour water in until the cistern is full; the
+rain will then be sure to come.
+
+4. Fever.  At the Kedar Ghat you will find a long flight of stone steps
+leading down to the river.  Half way down is a tank filled with sewage.
+Drink as much of it as you want.  It is for fever.
+
+5. Smallpox.  Go straight from there to the central Ghat.  At its
+upstream end you will find a small whitewashed building, which is a
+temple sacred to Sitala, goddess of smallpox.  Her under-study is there
+--a rude human figure behind a brass screen.  You will worship this for
+reasons to be furnished presently.
+
+6. The Well of Fate.  For certain reasons you will next go and do homage
+at this well.  You will find it in the Dandpan Temple, in the city.  The
+sunlight falls into it from a square hole in the masonry above.  You will
+approach it with awe, for your life is now at stake.  You will bend over
+and look.  If the fates are propitious, you will see your face pictured
+in the water far down in the well.  If matters have been otherwise
+ordered, a sudden cloud will mask the sun and you will see nothing.  This
+means that you have not six months to live.  If you are already at the
+point of death, your circumstances are now serious.  There is no time to
+lose.  Let this world go, arrange for the next one.  Handily situated, at
+your very elbow, is opportunity for this.  You turn and worship the image
+of Maha Kal, the Great Fate, and happiness in the life to come is
+secured.  If there is breath in your body yet, you should now make an
+effort to get a further lease of the present life.  You have a chance.
+There is a chance for everything in this admirably stocked and
+wonderfully systemized Spiritual and Temporal Army and Navy Store.  You
+must get yourself carried to the
+
+7. Well of Long Life.  This is within the precincts of the mouldering and
+venerable Briddhkal Temple, which is one of the oldest in Benares.  You
+pass in by a stone image of the monkey god, Hanuman, and there, among the
+ruined courtyards, you will find a shallow pool of stagnant sewage.  It
+smells like the best limburger cheese, and is filthy with the washings of
+rotting lepers, but that is nothing, bathe in it; bathe in it gratefully
+and worshipfully, for this is the Fountain of Youth; these are the Waters
+of Long Life.  Your gray hairs will disappear, and with them your
+wrinkles and your rheumatism, the burdens of care and the weariness of
+age, and you will come out young, fresh, elastic, and full of eagerness
+for the new race of life.  Now will come flooding upon you the manifold
+desires that haunt the dear dreams of the morning of life.  You will go
+whither you will find
+
+8. Fulfillment of Desire.  To wit, to the Kameshwar Temple, sacred to
+Shiva as the Lord of Desires.  Arrange for yours there.  And if you like
+to look at idols among the pack and jam of temples, there you will find
+enough to stock a museum.  You will begin to commit sins now with a
+fresh, new vivacity; therefore, it will be well to go frequently to a
+place where you can get
+
+9. Temporary Cleansing from Sin.  To wit, to the Well of the Earring.
+You must approach this with the profoundest reverence, for it is
+unutterably sacred.  It is, indeed, the most sacred place in Benares, the
+very Holy of Holies, in the estimation of the people.  It is a railed
+tank, with stone stairways leading down to the water.  The water is not
+clean.  Of course it could not be, for people are always bathing in it.
+As long as you choose to stand and look, you will see the files of
+sinners descending and ascending--descending soiled with sin, ascending
+purged from it.  "The liar, the thief, the murderer, and the adulterer
+may here wash and be clean," says the Rev. Mr. Parker, in his book.  Very
+well.  I know Mr. Parker, and I believe it; but if anybody else had said
+it, I should consider him a person who had better go down in the tank and
+take another wash.  The god Vishnu dug this tank.  He had nothing to dig
+with but his "discus." I do not know what a discus is, but I know it is a
+poor thing to dig tanks with, because, by the time this one was finished,
+it was full of sweat--Vishnu's sweat.  He constructed the site that
+Benares stands on, and afterward built the globe around it, and thought
+nothing of it, yet sweated like that over a little thing like this tank.
+One of these statements is doubtful.  I do not know which one it is, but
+I think it difficult not to believe that a god who could build a world
+around Benares would not be intelligent enough to build it around the
+tank too, and not have to dig it.  Youth, long life, temporary
+purification from sin, salvation through propitiation of the Great Fate
+--these are all good.  But you must do something more.  You must
+
+10. Make Salvation Sure.  There are several ways.  To get drowned in
+the Ganges is one, but that is not pleasant.  To die within the limits of
+Benares is another; but that is a risky one, because you might be out of
+town when your time came.  The best one of all is the Pilgrimage Around
+the City.  You must walk; also, you must go barefoot.  The tramp is
+forty-four miles, for the road winds out into the country a piece, and
+you will be marching five or six days.  But you will have plenty of
+company.  You will move with throngs and hosts of happy pilgrims whose
+radiant costumes will make the spectacle beautiful and whose glad songs
+and holy pans of triumph will banish your fatigues and cheer your spirit;
+and at intervals there will be temples where you may sleep and be
+refreshed with food.  The pilgrimage completed, you have purchased
+salvation, and paid for it.  But you may not get it unless you
+
+11. Get Your Redemption Recorded.  You can get this done at the Sakhi
+Binayak Temple, and it is best to do it, for otherwise you might not be
+able to prove that you had made the pilgrimage in case the matter should
+some day come to be disputed.  That temple is in a lane back of the Cow
+Temple.  Over the door is a red image of Ganesh of the elephant head, son
+and heir of Shiva, and Prince of Wales to the Theological Monarchy, so to
+speak.  Within is a god whose office it is to record your pilgrimage and
+be responsible for you.  You will not see him, but you will see a Brahmin
+who will attend to the matter and take the money.  If he should forget to
+collect the money, you can remind him.  He knows that your salvation is
+now secure, but of course you would like to know it yourself.  You have
+nothing to do but go and pray, and pay at the
+
+12.  Well of the Knowledge of Salvation.  It is close to the Golden
+Temple.  There you will see, sculptured out of a single piece of black
+marble, a bull which is much larger than any living bull you have ever
+seen, and yet is not a good likeness after all.  And there also you will
+see a very uncommon thing--an image of Shiva.  You have seen his lingam
+fifty thousand times already, but this is Shiva himself, and said to be a
+good likeness.  It has three eyes.  He is the only god in the firm that
+has three.  "The well is covered by a fine canopy of stone supported by
+forty pillars," and around it you will find what you have already seen at
+almost every shrine you have visited in Benares, a mob of devout and
+eager pilgrims.  The sacred water is being ladled out to them; with it
+comes to them the knowledge, clear, thrilling, absolute, that they are
+saved; and you can see by their faces that there is one happiness in this
+world which is supreme, and to which no other joy is comparable.  You
+receive your water, you make your deposit, and now what more would you
+have?  Gold, diamonds, power, fame?  All in a single moment these things
+have withered to dirt, dust, ashes.  The world has nothing to give you
+now.  For you it is bankrupt.
+
+I do not claim that the pilgrims do their acts of worship in the order
+and sequence above charted out in this Itinerary of mine, but I think
+logic suggests that they ought to do so.  Instead of a helter-skelter
+worship, we then have a definite starting-place, and a march which
+carries the pilgrim steadily forward by reasoned and logical progression
+to a definite goal.  Thus, his Ganges bath in the early morning gives him
+an appetite; he kisses the cow-tails, and that removes it.  It is now
+business hours, and longings for material prosperity rise in his mind,
+and be goes and pours water over Shiva's symbol; this insures the
+prosperity, but also brings on a rain, which gives him a fever.  Then he
+drinks the sewage at the Kedar Ghat to cure the fever; it cures the fever
+but gives him the smallpox.  He wishes to know how it is going to turn
+out; he goes to the Dandpan Temple and looks down the well.  A clouded
+sun shows him that death is near.  Logically his best course for the
+present, since he cannot tell at what moment he may die, is to secure a
+happy hereafter; this he does, through the agency of the Great Fate.  He
+is safe, now, for heaven; his next move will naturally be to keep out of
+it as long as he can.  Therefore he goes to the Briddhkal Temple and
+secures Youth and long life by bathing in a puddle of leper-pus which
+would kill a microbe.  Logically, Youth has re-equipped him for sin and
+with the disposition to commit it; he will naturally go to the fane which
+is consecrated to the Fulfillment of Desires, and make arrangements.
+Logically, he will now go to the Well of the Earring from time to time to
+unload and freshen up for further banned enjoyments.  But first and last
+and all the time he is human, and therefore in his reflective intervals
+he will always be speculating in "futures."  He will make the Great
+Pilgrimage around the city and so make his salvation absolutely sure; he
+will also have record made of it, so that it may remain absolutely sure
+and not be forgotten or repudiated in the confusion of the Final
+Settlement.  Logically, also, he will wish to have satisfying and
+tranquilizing personal knowledge that that salvation is secure; therefore
+he goes to the Well of the Knowledge of Salvation, adds that completing
+detail, and then goes about his affairs serene and content; serene and
+content, for he is now royally endowed with an advantage which no
+religion in this world could give him but his own; for henceforth he may
+commit as many million sins as he wants to and nothing can come of it.
+
+Thus the system, properly and logically ordered, is neat, compact,
+clearly defined, and covers the whole ground.  I desire to recommend it
+to such as find the other systems too difficult, exacting, and irksome
+for the uses of this fretful brief life of ours.
+
+However, let me not deceive any one.  My Itinerary lacks a detail.  I
+must put it in.  The truth is, that after the pilgrim has faithfully
+followed the requirements of the Itinerary through to the end and has
+secured his salvation and also the personal knowledge of that fact, there
+is still an accident possible to him which can annul the whole thing.  If
+he should ever cross to the other side of the Ganges and get caught out
+and die there he would at once come to life again in the form of an ass.
+Think of that, after all this trouble and expense.  You see how
+capricious and uncertain salvation is there.  The Hindoo has a childish
+and unreasoning aversion to being turned into an ass.  It is hard to tell
+why.  One could properly expect an ass to have an aversion to being
+turned into a Hindoo.  One could understand that he could lose dignity by
+it; also self-respect, and nine-tenths of his intelligence.  But the
+Hindoo changed into an ass wouldn't lose anything, unless you count his
+religion.  And he would gain much--release from his slavery to two
+million gods and twenty million priests, fakeers, holy mendicants, and
+other sacred bacilli; he would escape the Hindoo hell; he would also
+escape the Hindoo heaven.  These are advantages which the Hindoo ought to
+consider; then he would go over and die on the other side.
+
+Benares is a religious Vesuvius.  In its bowels the theological forces
+have been heaving and tossing, rumbling, thundering and quaking, boiling,
+and weltering and flaming and smoking for ages.  But a little group of
+missionaries have taken post at its base, and they have hopes.  There are
+the Baptist Missionary Society, the Church Missionary Society, the London
+Missionary Society, the Wesleyan Missionary Society, and the Zenana Bible
+and Medical Mission.  They have schools, and the principal work seems to
+be among the children.  And no doubt that part of the work prospers best,
+for grown people everywhere are always likely to cling to the religion
+they were brought up in.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LII.
+
+Wrinkles should merely indicate where smiles have been.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+In one of those Benares temples we saw a devotee working for salvation in
+a curious way.  He had a huge wad of clay beside him and was making it up
+into little wee gods no bigger than carpet tacks.  He stuck a grain of
+rice into each--to represent the lingam, I think.  He turned them out
+nimbly, for he had had long practice and had acquired great facility.
+Every day he made 2,000 gods, then threw them into the holy Ganges.  This
+act of homage brought him the profound homage of the pious--also their
+coppers.  He had a sure living here, and was earning a high place in the
+hereafter.
+
+The Ganges front is the supreme show-place of Benares.  Its tall bluffs
+are solidly caked from water to summit, along a stretch of three miles,
+with a splendid jumble of massive and picturesque masonry, a bewildering
+and beautiful confusion of stone platforms, temples, stair-flights, rich
+and stately palaces--nowhere a break, nowhere a glimpse of the bluff
+itself; all the long face of it is compactly walled from sight by this
+crammed perspective of platforms, soaring stairways, sculptured temples,
+majestic palaces, softening away into the distances; and there is
+movement, motion, human life everywhere, and brilliantly costumed
+--streaming in rainbows up and down the lofty stairways, and massed in
+metaphorical flower-gardens on the miles of great platforms at the
+river's edge.
+
+All this masonry, all this architecture represents piety.  The palaces
+were built by native princes whose homes, as a rule, are far from
+Benares, but who go there from time to time to refresh their souls with
+the sight and touch of the Ganges, the river of their idolatry.  The
+stairways are records of acts of piety; the crowd of costly little
+temples are tokens of money spent by rich men for present credit and hope
+of future reward.  Apparently, the rich Christian who spends large sums
+upon his religion is conspicuous with us, by his rarity, but the rich
+Hindoo who doesn't spend large sums upon his religion is seemingly
+non-existent.  With us the poor spend money on their religion, but they
+keep back some to live on.  Apparently, in India, the poor bankrupt
+themselves daily for their religion.  The rich Hindoo can afford his
+pious outlays; he gets much glory for his spendings, yet keeps back a
+sufficiency of his income for temporal purposes; but the poor Hindoo is
+entitled to compassion, for his spendings keep him poor, yet get him no
+glory.
+
+We made the usual trip up and down the river, seated in chairs under an
+awning on the deck of the usual commodious hand-propelled ark; made it
+two or three times, and could have made it with increasing interest and
+enjoyment many times more; for, of course, the palaces and temples would
+grow more and more beautiful every time one saw them, for that happens
+with all such things; also, I think one would not get tired of the
+bathers, nor their costumes, nor of their ingenuities in getting out of
+them and into them again without exposing too much bronze, nor of their
+devotional gesticulations and absorbed bead-tellings.
+
+But I should get tired of seeing them wash their mouths with that
+dreadful water and drink it.  In fact, I did get tired of it, and very
+early, too.  At one place where we halted for a while, the foul gush from
+a sewer was making the water turbid and murky all around, and there was a
+random corpse slopping around in it that had floated down from up
+country.  Ten steps below that place stood a crowd of men, women, and
+comely young maidens waist deep in the water-and they were scooping it up
+in their hands and drinking it.  Faith can certainly do wonders, and this
+is an instance of it.  Those people were not drinking that fearful stuff
+to assuage thirst, but in order to purify their souls and the interior of
+their bodies.  According to their creed, the Ganges water makes
+everything pure that it touches--instantly and utterly pure.  The sewer
+water was not an offence to them, the corpse did not revolt them; the
+sacred water had touched both, and both were now snow-pure, and could
+defile no one.  The memory of that sight will always stay by me; but not
+by request.
+
+A word further concerning the nasty but all-purifying Ganges water.  When
+we went to Agra, by and by, we happened there just in time to be in at
+the birth of a marvel--a memorable scientific discovery--the discovery
+that in certain ways the foul and derided Ganges water is the most
+puissant purifier in the world!  This curious fact, as I have said, had
+just been added to the treasury of modern science.  It had long been
+noted as a strange thing that while Benares is often afflicted with the
+cholera she does not spread it beyond her borders.  This could not be
+accounted for.  Mr. Henkin, the scientist in the employ of the government
+of Agra, concluded to examine the water.  He went to Benares and made his
+tests.  He got water at the mouths of the sewers where they empty into
+the river at the bathing ghats; a cubic centimetre of it contained
+millions of germs; at the end of six hours they were all dead.  He caught
+a floating corpse, towed it to the shore, and from beside it he dipped up
+water that was swarming with cholera germs; at the end of six hours they
+were all dead.  He added swarm after swarm of cholera germs to this
+water; within the six hours they always died, to the last sample.
+Repeatedly, he took pure well water which was bare of animal life, and
+put into it a few cholera germs; they always began to propagate at once,
+and always within six hours they swarmed--and were numberable by millions
+upon millions.
+
+For ages and ages the Hindoos have had absolute faith that the water of
+the Ganges was absolutely pure, could not be defiled by any contact
+whatsoever, and infallibly made pure and clean whatsoever thing touched
+it.  They still believe it, and that is why they bathe in it and drink
+it, caring nothing for its seeming filthiness and the floating corpses.
+The Hindoos have been laughed at, these many generations, but the
+laughter will need to modify itself a little from now on.  How did
+they find out the water's secret in those ancient ages?  Had they
+germ-scientists then?  We do not know.  We only know that they had a
+civilization long before we emerged from savagery.  But to return to
+where I was before; I was about to speak of the burning-ghat.
+
+They do not burn fakeers--those revered mendicants.  They are so holy
+that they can get to their place without that sacrament, provided they be
+consigned to the consecrating river.  We saw one carried to mid-stream
+and thrown overboard.  He was sandwiched between two great slabs of
+stone.
+
+We lay off the cremation-ghat half an hour and saw nine corpses burned.
+I should not wish to see any more of it, unless I might select the
+parties.  The mourners follow the bier through the town and down to the
+ghat; then the bier-bearers deliver the body to some low-caste natives
+--Doms--and the mourners turn about and go back home.  I heard no crying
+and saw no tears, there was no ceremony of parting.  Apparently, these
+expressions of grief and affection are reserved for the privacy of the
+home.  The dead women came draped in red, the men in white.  They are
+laid in the water at the river's edge while the pyre is being prepared.
+
+The first subject was a man.  When the Doms unswathed him to wash him, he
+proved to be a sturdily built, well-nourished and handsome old gentleman,
+with not a sign about him to suggest that he had ever been ill.  Dry wood
+was brought and built up into a loose pile; the corpse was laid upon it
+and covered over with fuel.  Then a naked holy man who was sitting on
+high ground a little distance away began to talk and shout with great
+energy, and he kept up this noise right along.  It may have been the
+funeral sermon, and probably was.  I forgot to say that one of the
+mourners remained behind when the others went away.  This was the dead
+man's son, a boy of ten or twelve, brown and handsome, grave and
+self-possessed, and clothed in flowing white.  He was there to burn his
+father.  He was given a torch, and while he slowly walked seven times
+around the pyre the naked black man on the high ground poured out his
+sermon more clamorously than ever.  The seventh circuit completed, the
+boy applied the torch at his father's head, then at his feet; the flames
+sprang briskly up with a sharp crackling noise, and the lad went away.
+Hindoos do not want daughters, because their weddings make such a ruinous
+expense; but they want sons, so that at death they may have honorable
+exit from the world; and there is no honor equal to the honor of having
+one's pyre lighted by one's son.  The father who dies sonless is in a
+grievous situation indeed, and is pitied.  Life being uncertain, the
+Hindoo marries while he is still a boy, in the hope that he will have a
+son ready when the day of his need shall come.  But if he have no son, he
+will adopt one.  This answers every purpose.
+
+Meantime the corpse is burning, also several others.  It is a dismal
+business.  The stokers did not sit down in idleness, but moved briskly
+about, punching up the fires with long poles, and now and then adding
+fuel.  Sometimes they hoisted the half of a skeleton into the air, then
+slammed it down and beat it with the pole, breaking it up so that it
+would burn better.  They hoisted skulls up in the same way and banged and
+battered them.  The sight was hard to bear; it would have been harder if
+the mourners had stayed to witness it.  I had but a moderate desire to
+see a cremation, so it was soon satisfied.  For sanitary reasons it would
+be well if cremation were universal; but this form is revolting, and not
+to be recommended.
+
+The fire used is sacred, of course--for there is money in it.  Ordinary
+fire is forbidden; there is no money in it.  I was told that this sacred
+fire is all furnished by one person, and that he has a monopoly of it and
+charges a good price for it.  Sometimes a rich mourner pays a thousand
+rupees for it.  To get to paradise from India is an expensive thing.
+Every detail connected with the matter costs something, and helps to
+fatten a priest.  I suppose it is quite safe to conclude that that
+fire-bug is in holy orders.
+
+Close to the cremation-ground stand a few time-worn stones which are
+remembrances of the suttee.  Each has a rough carving upon it,
+representing a man and a woman standing or walking hand in hand, and
+marks the spot where a widow went to her death by fire in the days when
+the suttee flourished.  Mr. Parker said that widows would burn themselves
+now if the government would allow it.  The family that can point to one
+of these little memorials and say: "She who burned herself there was an
+ancestress of ours," is envied.
+
+It is a curious people.  With them, all life seems to be sacred except
+human life.  Even the life of vermin is sacred, and must not be taken.
+The good Jain wipes off a seat before using it, lest he cause the death
+of-some valueless insect by sitting down on it.  It grieves him to have
+to drink water, because the provisions in his stomach may not agree with
+the microbes.  Yet India invented Thuggery and the Suttee.  India is a
+hard country to understand.  We went to the temple of the Thug goddess,
+Bhowanee, or Kali, or Durga.  She has these names and others.  She is the
+only god to whom living sacrifices are made.  Goats are sacrificed to
+her.  Monkeys would be cheaper.  There are plenty of them about the
+place.  Being sacred, they make themselves very free, and scramble around
+wherever they please.  The temple and its porch are beautifully carved,
+but this is not the case with the idol.  Bhowanee is not pleasant to look
+at.  She has a silver face, and a projecting swollen  tongue painted a
+deep red.  She wears a necklace of skulls.
+
+In fact, none of the idols in Benares are handsome or attractive.  And
+what a swarm of them there is!  The town is a vast museum of idols--and
+all of them crude, misshapen, and ugly.  They flock through one's dreams
+at night, a wild mob of nightmares.  When you get tired of them in the
+temples and take a trip on the river, you find idol giants, flashily
+painted, stretched out side by side on the shore.  And apparently
+wherever there is room for one more lingam, a lingam is there.  If Vishnu
+had foreseen what his town was going to be, he would have called it
+Idolville or Lingamburg.
+
+The most conspicuous feature of Benares is the pair of slender white
+minarets which tower like masts from the great Mosque of Aurangzeb.  They
+seem to be always in sight, from everywhere, those airy, graceful,
+inspiring things.  But masts is not the right word, for masts have a
+perceptible taper, while these minarets have not.  They are 142 feet
+high, and only 8 1/2 feet in diameter at the base, and 7 1/2 at the
+summit--scarcely any taper at all.  These are the proportions of a
+candle; and fair and fairylike candles these are.  Will be, anyway, some
+day, when the Christians inherit them and top them with the electric
+light.  There is a great view from up there--a wonderful view.  A large
+gray monkey was part of it, and damaged it.  A monkey has no judgment.
+This one was skipping about the upper great heights of the mosque
+--skipping across empty yawning intervals which were almost too wide for
+him, and which he only just barely cleared, each time, by the skin of his
+teeth.  He got me so nervous that I couldn't look at the view.  I
+couldn't look at anything but him.  Every time he went sailing over one
+of those abysses my breath stood still, and when he grabbed for the perch
+he was going for, I grabbed too, in sympathy.  And he was perfectly
+indifferent, perfectly unconcerned, and I did all the panting myself.
+He came within an ace of losing his life a dozen times, and I was so
+troubled about him that I would have shot him if I had had anything to do
+it with.  But I strongly recommend the view.  There is more monkey than
+view, and there is always going to be more monkey while that idiot
+survives, but what view you get is superb.  All Benares, the river, and
+the region round about are spread before you.  Take a gun, and look at
+the view.
+
+The next thing I saw was more reposeful.  It was a new kind of art.  It
+was a picture painted on water.  It was done by a native.  He sprinkled
+fine dust of various colors on the still surface of a basin of water, and
+out of these sprinklings a dainty and pretty picture gradually grew, a
+picture which a breath could destroy.  Somehow it was impressive, after
+so much browsing among massive and battered and decaying fanes that rest
+upon ruins, and those ruins upon still other ruins, and those upon still
+others again.  It was a sermon, an allegory, a symbol of Instability.
+Those creations in stone were only a kind of water pictures, after all.
+
+A prominent episode in the Indian career of Warren Hastings had Benares
+for its theater.  Wherever that extraordinary man set his foot, he left
+his mark.  He came to Benares in 1781 to collect a fine of L500,000 which
+he had levied upon its Rajah, Cheit Singly on behalf of the East India
+Company.  Hastings was a long way from home and help.  There were,
+probably, not a dozen Englishmen within reach; the Rajah was in his fort
+with his myriads around him.  But no matter.  From his little camp in a
+neighboring garden, Hastings sent a party to arrest the sovereign.  He
+sent on this daring mission a couple of hundred native soldiers sepoys
+--under command of three young English lieutenants.  The Rajah submitted
+without a word.  The incident lights up the Indian situation
+electrically, and gives one a vivid sense of the strides which the
+English had made and the mastership they had acquired in the land since
+the date of Clive's great victory.  In a quarter of a century, from being
+nobodies, and feared by none, they were become confessed lords and
+masters, feared by all, sovereigns included, and served by all,
+sovereigns included.  It makes the fairy tales sound true.  The English
+had not been afraid to enlist native soldiers to fight against their own
+people and keep them obedient.  And now Hastings was not afraid to come
+away out to this remote place with a handful of such soldiers and send
+them to arrest a native sovereign.
+
+The lieutenants imprisoned the Rajah in his own fort.  It was beautiful,
+the pluckiness of it, the impudence of it.  The arrest enraged the
+Rajah's people, and all Benares came storming about the place and
+threatening vengeance.  And yet, but for an accident, nothing important
+would have resulted, perhaps.  The mob found out a most strange thing, an
+almost incredible thing--that this handful of soldiers had come on this
+hardy errand with empty guns and no ammunition.  This has been attributed
+to thoughtlessness, but it could hardly have been that, for in such large
+emergencies as this, intelligent people do think.  It must have been
+indifference, an over-confidence born of the proved submissiveness of the
+native character, when confronted by even one or two stern Britons in
+their war paint.  But, however that may be, it was a fatal discovery that
+the mob had made.  They were full of courage, now, and they broke into
+the fort and massacred the helpless soldiers and their officers.
+Hastings escaped from Benares by night and got safely away, leaving the
+principality in a state of wild insurrection; but he was back again
+within the month, and quieted it down in his prompt and virile way, and
+took the Rajah's throne away from him and gave it to another man.  He was
+a capable kind of person was Warren Hastings.  This was the only time he
+was ever out of ammunition.  Some of his acts have left stains upon his
+name which can never be washed away, but he saved to England the Indian
+Empire, and that was the best service that was ever done to the Indians
+themselves, those wretched heirs of a hundred centuries of pitiless
+oppression and abuse.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LIII.
+
+True irreverence is disrespect for another man's god.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+It was in Benares that I saw another living god.  That makes two.
+I believe I have seen most of the greater and lesser wonders of the
+world, but I do not remember that any of them interested me so
+overwhelmingly as did that pair of gods.
+
+When I try to account for this effect I find no difficulty about it.
+I find that, as a rule, when a thing is a wonder to us it is not because
+of what we see in it, but because of what others have seen in it.  We get
+almost all our wonders at second hand.  We are eager to see any
+celebrated thing--and we never fail of our reward; just the deep
+privilege of gazing upon an object which has stirred the enthusiasm or
+evoked the reverence or affection or admiration of multitudes of our race
+is a thing which we value; we are profoundly glad that we have seen it,
+we are permanently enriched from having seen it, we would not part with
+the memory of that experience for a great price.  And yet that very
+spectacle may be the Taj.  You cannot keep your enthusiasms down, you
+cannot keep your emotions within bounds when that soaring bubble of
+marble breaks upon your view.  But these are not your enthusiasms and
+emotions--they are the accumulated emotions and enthusiasms of a thousand
+fervid writers, who have been slowly and steadily storing them up in your
+heart day by day and year by year all your life; and now they burst out
+in a flood and overwhelm you; and you could not be a whit happier if they
+were your very own.  By and by you sober down, and then you perceive that
+you have been drunk on the smell of somebody else's cork.  For ever and
+ever the memory of my distant first glimpse of the Taj will compensate me
+for creeping around the globe to have that great privilege.
+
+But the Taj--with all your inflation of delusive emotions, acquired at
+second-hand from people to whom in the majority of cases they were also
+delusions acquired at second-hand--a thing which you fortunately did not
+think of or it might have made you doubtful of what you imagined were
+your own what is the Taj as a marvel, a spectacle and an uplifting and
+overpowering wonder, compared with a living, breathing, speaking
+personage whom several millions of human beings devoutly and sincerely
+and unquestioningly believe to be a God, and humbly and gratefully
+worship as a God?
+
+He was sixty years old when I saw him.  He is called Sri 108 Swami
+Bhaskarananda Saraswati.  That is one form of it.  I think that that is
+what you would call him in speaking to him--because it is short.  But you
+would use more of his name in addressing a letter to him; courtesy would
+require this.  Even then you would not have to use all of it, but only
+this much:
+
+Sri 108 Matparamahansrzpairivrajakacharyaswamibhaskaranandasaraswati.
+
+You do not put "Esq." after it, for that is not necessary.  The word
+which opens the volley is itself a title of honor "Sri."  The "108"
+stands for the rest of his names, I believe.  Vishnu has 108 names which
+he does not use in business, and no doubt it is a custom of gods and a
+privilege sacred to their order to keep 108 extra ones in stock.  Just
+the restricted name set down above is a handsome property, without the
+108.  By my count it has 58 letters in it.  This removes the long German
+words from competition; they are permanently out of the race.
+
+Sri 108 S. B. Saraswati has attained to what among the Hindoos is called
+the "state of perfection."  It is a state which other Hindoos reach by
+being born again and again, and over and over again into this world,
+through one re-incarnation after another--a tiresome long job covering
+centuries and decades of centuries, and one that is full of risks, too,
+like the accident of dying on the wrong side of the Ganges some time or
+other and waking up in the form of an ass, with a fresh start necessary
+and the numerous trips to be made all over again.  But in reaching
+perfection, Sri 108 S. B. S.  has escaped all that.  He is no longer a
+part or a feature of this world; his substance has changed, all
+earthiness has departed out of it; he is utterly holy, utterly pure;
+nothing can desecrate this holiness or stain this purity; he is no longer
+of the earth, its concerns are matters foreign to him, its pains and
+griefs and troubles cannot reach him.  When he dies, Nirvana is his; he
+will be absorbed into the substance of the Supreme Deity and be at peace
+forever.
+
+The Hindoo Scriptures point out how this state is to be reached, but it
+is only once in a thousand years, perhaps, that candidate accomplishes
+it.  This one has traversed the course required, stage by stage, from the
+beginning to the end, and now has nothing left to do but wait for the
+call which shall release him from a world in which he has now no part nor
+lot.  First, he passed through the student stage, and became learned in
+the holy books.  Next he became citizen, householder, husband, and
+father.  That was the required second stage.  Then--like John Bunyan's
+Christian he bade perpetual good-bye to his family, as required, and went
+wandering away.  He went far into the desert and served a term as hermit.
+Next, he became a beggar, "in accordance with the rites laid down in the
+Scriptures," and wandered about India eating the bread of mendicancy.  A
+quarter of a century ago he reached the stage of purity.  This needs no
+garment; its symbol is nudity; he discarded the waist-cloth which he had
+previously worn.  He could resume it now if he chose, for neither that
+nor any other contact can defile him; but he does not choose.
+
+There are several other stages, I believe, but I do not remember what
+they are.  But he has been through them.  Throughout the long course he
+was perfecting himself in holy learning, and writing commentaries upon
+the sacred books.  He was also meditating upon Brahma, and he does that
+now.
+
+White marble relief-portraits of him are sold all about India.  He lives
+in a good house in a noble great garden in Benares, all meet and proper
+to his stupendous rank.  Necessarily he does not go abroad in the
+streets.  Deities would never be able to move about handily in any
+country.  If one whom we recognized and adored as a god should go abroad
+in our streets, and the day it was to happen were known, all traffic
+would be blocked and business would come to a standstill.
+
+This god is comfortably housed, and yet modestly, all things considered,
+for if he wanted to live in a palace he would only need to speak and his
+worshipers would gladly build it.  Sometimes he sees devotees for a
+moment, and comforts them and blesses them, and they kiss his feet and go
+away happy.  Rank is nothing to him, he being a god.  To him all men are
+alike.  He sees whom he pleases and denies himself to whom he pleases.
+Sometimes he sees a prince and denies himself to a pauper; at other times
+he receives the pauper and turns the prince away.  However, he does not
+receive many of either class.  He has to husband his time for his
+meditations.  I think he would receive Rev. Mr. Parker at any time.  I
+think he is sorry for Mr. Parker, and I think Mr. Parker is sorry for
+him; and no doubt this compassion is good for both of them.
+
+When we arrived we had to stand around in the garden a little while and
+wait, and the outlook was not good, for he had been turning away
+Maharajas that day and receiving only the riff-raff, and we belonged in
+between, somewhere.  But presently, a servant came out saying it was all
+right, he was coming.
+
+And sure enough, he came, and I saw him--that object of the worship of
+millions.  It was a strange sensation, and thrilling.  I wish I could
+feel it stream through my veins again.  And yet, to me he was not a god,
+he was only a Taj.  The thrill was not my thrill, but had come to me
+secondhand from those invisible millions of believers.  By a hand-shake
+with their god I had ground-circuited their wire and got their monster
+battery's whole charge.
+
+He was tall and slender, indeed emaciated.  He had a clean cut and
+conspicuously intellectual face, and a deep and kindly eye.  He looked
+many years older than he really was, but much study and meditation and
+fasting and prayer, with the arid life he had led as hermit and beggar,
+could account for that.  He is wholly nude when he receives natives, of
+whatever rank they may be, but he had white cloth around his loins now, a
+concession to Mr. Parker's Europe prejudices, no doubt.
+
+As soon as I had sobered down a little we got along very well together,
+and I found him a most pleasant and friendly deity.  He had heard a deal
+about Chicago, and showed a quite remarkable interest in it, for a god.
+It all came of the World's Fair and the Congress of Religions.  If India
+knows about nothing else American, she knows about those, and will keep
+them in mind one while.
+
+He proposed an exchange of autographs, a delicate attention which made me
+believe in him, but I had been having my doubts before.  He wrote his in
+his book, and I have a reverent regard for that book, though the words
+run from right to left, and so I can't read it.  It was a mistake to
+print in that way.  It contains his voluminous comments on the Hindoo
+holy writings, and if I could make them out I would try for perfection
+myself.  I gave him a copy of Huckleberry Finn.  I thought it might rest
+him up a little to mix it in along with his meditations on Brahma, for he
+looked tired, and I knew that if it didn't do him any good it wouldn't do
+him any harm.
+
+He has a scholar meditating under him--Mina Bahadur Rana--but we did not
+see him.  He wears clothes and is very imperfect.  He has written a
+little pamphlet about his master, and I have that.  It contains a
+wood-cut of the master and himself seated on a rug in the garden.  The
+portrait of the master is very good indeed.  The posture is exactly that
+which Brahma himself affects, and it requires long arms and limber legs,
+and can be accumulated only by gods and the india-rubber man.  There is a
+life-size marble relief of Shri 108, S.B.S.  in the garden.  It
+represents him in this same posture.
+
+Dear me!  It is a strange world.  Particularly the Indian division of it.
+This pupil, Mina Bahadur Rana, is not a commonplace person, but a man of
+distinguished capacities and attainments, and, apparently, he had a fine
+worldly career in front of him.  He was serving the Nepal Government in a
+high capacity at the Court of the Viceroy of India, twenty years ago.  He
+was an able man, educated, a thinker, a man of property.  But the longing
+to devote himself to a religious life came upon him, and he resigned his
+place, turned his back upon the vanities and comforts of the world, and
+went away into the solitudes to live in a hut and study the sacred
+writings and meditate upon virtue and holiness and seek to attain them.
+This sort of religion resembles ours.  Christ recommended the rich to
+give away all their property and follow Him in poverty, not in worldly
+comfort.  American and English millionaires do it every day, and thus
+verify and confirm to the world the tremendous forces that lie in
+religion.  Yet many people scoff at them for this loyalty to duty, and
+many will scoff at Mina Bahadur Rana and call him a crank.  Like many
+Christians of great character and intellect, he has made the study of his
+Scriptures and the writing of books of commentaries upon them the loving
+labor of his life.  Like them, he has believed that his was not an idle
+and foolish waste of his life, but a most worthy and honorable employment
+of it.  Yet, there are many people who will see in those others, men
+worthy of homage and deep reverence, but in him merely a crank.  But I
+shall not.  He has my reverence.  And I don't offer it as a common thing
+and poor, but as an unusual thing and of value.  The ordinary reverence,
+the reverence defined and explained by the dictionary costs nothing.
+Reverence for one's own sacred things--parents, religion, flag, laws, and
+respect for one's own beliefs--these are feelings which we cannot even
+help.  They come natural to us; they are involuntary, like breathing.
+There is no personal merit in breathing.  But the reverence which is
+difficult, and which has personal merit in it, is the respect which you
+pay, without compulsion, to the political or religious attitude of a man
+whose beliefs are not yours.  You can't revere his gods or his politics,
+and no one expects you to do that, but you could respect his belief in
+them if you tried hard enough; and you could respect him, too, if you
+tried hard enough.  But it is very, very difficult; it is next to
+impossible, and so we hardly ever try.  If the man doesn't believe as we
+do, we say he is a crank, and that settles it.  I mean it does nowadays,
+because now we can't burn him.
+
+We are always canting about people's "irreverence," always charging this
+offense upon somebody or other, and thereby intimating that we are better
+than that person and do not commit that offense ourselves.  Whenever we
+do this we are in a lying attitude, and our speech is cant; for none of
+us are reverent--in a meritorious way; deep down in our hearts we are all
+irreverent.  There is probably not a single exception to this rule in the
+earth.  There is probably not one person whose reverence rises higher
+than respect for his own sacred things; and therefore, it is not a thing
+to boast about and be proud of, since the most degraded savage has that
+--and, like the best of us, has nothing higher.  To speak plainly, we
+despise all reverences and all objects of reverence which are outside the
+pale of our own list of sacred things.  And yet, with strange
+inconsistency, we are shocked when other people despise and defile the
+things which are holy to us.  Suppose we should meet with a paragraph
+like the following, in the newspapers:
+
+"Yesterday a visiting party of the British nobility had a picnic at Mount
+Vernon, and in the tomb of Washington they ate their luncheon, sang
+popular songs, played games, and danced waltzes and polkas."
+
+Should we be shocked?  Should we feel outraged?  Should we be amazed?
+Should we call the performance a desecration?  Yes, that would all
+happen.  We should denounce those people in round terms, and call them
+hard names.
+
+And suppose we found this paragraph in the newspapers:
+
+"Yesterday a visiting party of American pork-millionaires had a picnic in
+Westminster Abbey, and in that sacred place they ate their luncheon, sang
+popular songs, played games, and danced waltzes and polkas."
+
+Would the English be shocked?  Would they feel outraged?  Would they be
+amazed?  Would they call the performance a desecration?  That would all
+happen.  The pork-millionaires would be denounced in round terms; they
+would be called hard names.
+
+In the tomb at Mount Vernon lie the ashes of America's most honored son;
+in the Abbey, the ashes of England's greatest dead; the tomb of tombs,
+the costliest in the earth, the wonder of the world, the Taj, was built
+by a great Emperor to honor the memory of a perfect wife and perfect
+mother, one in whom there was no spot or blemish, whose love was his stay
+and support, whose life was the light of the world to him; in it her
+ashes lie, and to the Mohammedan millions of India it is a holy place; to
+them it is what Mount Vernon is to Americans, it is what the Abbey is to
+the English.
+
+Major Sleeman wrote forty or fifty years ago (the italics are mine):
+
+     "I would here enter my humble protest against the quadrille and
+     lunch parties which are sometimes given to European ladies and
+     gentlemen of the station at this imperial tomb; drinking and dancing
+     are no doubt very good things in their season, but they are sadly
+     out of place in a sepulchre."
+
+Were there any Americans among those lunch parties?  If they were
+invited, there were.
+
+If my imagined lunch-parties in Westminster and the tomb of Washington
+should take place, the incident would cause a vast outbreak of bitter
+eloquence about Barbarism and Irreverence; and it would come from two
+sets of people who would go next day and dance in the Taj if they had a
+chance.
+
+As we took our leave of the Benares god and started away we noticed a
+group of natives waiting respectfully just within the gate--a Rajah from
+somewhere in India, and some people of lesser consequence.  The god
+beckoned them to come, and as we passed out the Rajah was kneeling and
+reverently kissing his sacred feet.
+
+If Barnum--but Barnum's ambitions are at rest.  This god will remain in
+the holy peace and seclusion of his garden, undisturbed.  Barnum could
+not have gotten him, anyway.  Still, he would have found a substitute
+that would answer.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LIV.
+
+Do not undervalue the headache.  While it is at its sharpest it seems a
+bad investment; but when relief begins, the unexpired remainder is worth
+$4 a minute.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+A comfortable railway journey of seventeen and a half hours brought us to
+the capital of India, which is likewise the capital of Bengal--Calcutta.
+Like Bombay, it has a population of nearly a million natives and a small
+gathering of white people.  It is a huge city and fine, and is called the
+City of Palaces.  It is rich in historical memories; rich in British
+achievement--military, political, commercial; rich in the results of the
+miracles done by that brace of mighty magicians, Clive and Hastings.  And
+has a cloud kissing monument to one Ochterlony.
+
+It is a fluted candlestick 250 feet high.  This lingam is the only large
+monument in Calcutta, I believe.  It is a fine ornament, and will keep
+Ochterlony in mind.
+
+Wherever you are, in Calcutta, and for miles around, you can see it; and
+always when you see it you think of Ochterlony.  And so there is not an
+hour in the day that you do not think of Ochterlony and wonder who he
+was.  It is good that Clive cannot come back, for he would think it was
+for Plassey; and then that great spirit would be wounded when the
+revelation came that it was not.  Clive would find out that it was for
+Ochterlony; and he would think Ochterlony was a battle.  And he would
+think it was a great one, too, and he would say, "With three thousand I
+whipped sixty thousand and founded the Empire--and there is no monument;
+this other soldier must have whipped a billion with a dozen and saved the
+world."
+
+But he would be mistaken.  Ochterlony was a man, not a battle.  And he
+did good and honorable service, too; as good and honorable service as has
+been done in India by seventy-five or a hundred other Englishmen of
+courage, rectitude, and distinguished capacity.  For India has been a
+fertile breeding-ground of such men, and remains so; great men, both in
+war and in the civil service, and as modest as great.  But they have no
+monuments, and were not expecting any.  Ochterlony could not have been
+expecting one, and it is not at all likely that he desired one--certainly
+not until Clive and Hastings should be supplied.  Every day Clive and
+Hastings lean on the battlements of heaven and look down and wonder which
+of the two the monument is for; and they fret and worry because they
+cannot find out, and so the peace of heaven is spoiled for them and lost.
+But not for Ochterlony.  Ochterlony is not troubled.  He doesn't suspect
+that it is his monument.  Heaven is sweet and peaceful to him.  There is
+a sort of unfairness about it all.
+
+Indeed, if monuments were always given in India for high achievements,
+duty straitly performed, and smirchless records, the landscape would be
+monotonous with them.  The handful of English in India govern the Indian
+myriads with apparent ease, and without noticeable friction, through
+tact, training, and distinguished administrative ability, reinforced by
+just and liberal laws--and by keeping their word to the native whenever
+they give it.
+
+England is far from India and knows little about the eminent services
+performed by her servants there, for it is the newspaper correspondent
+who makes fame, and he is not sent to India but to the continent, to
+report the doings of the princelets and the dukelets, and where they are
+visiting and whom they are marrying.  Often a British official spends
+thirty or forty years in India, climbing from grade to grade by services
+which would make him celebrated anywhere else, and finishes as a
+vice-sovereign, governing a great realm and millions of subjects; then he
+goes home to England substantially unknown and unheard of, and settles
+down in some modest corner, and is as one extinguished.  Ten years later
+there is a twenty-line obituary in the London papers, and the reader is
+paralyzed by the splendors of a career which he is not sure that he had
+ever heard of before.  But meanwhile he has learned all about the
+continental princelets and dukelets.
+
+The average man is profoundly ignorant of countries that lie remote from
+his own.  When they are mentioned in his presence one or two facts and
+maybe a couple of names rise like torches in his mind, lighting up an
+inch or two of it and leaving the rest all dark.  The mention of Egypt
+suggests some Biblical facts and the Pyramids-nothing more.  The mention
+of South Africa suggests Kimberly and the diamonds and there an end.
+Formerly the mention, to a Hindoo, of America suggested a name--George
+Washington--with that his familiarity with our country was exhausted.
+Latterly his familiarity with it has doubled in bulk; so that when
+America is mentioned now, two torches flare up in the dark caverns of his
+mind and he says, "Ah, the country of the great man Washington; and of
+the Holy City--Chicago."  For he knows about the Congress of Religion, and
+this has enabled him to get an erroneous impression of Chicago.
+
+When India is mentioned to the citizen of a far country it suggests
+Clive, Hastings, the Mutiny, Kipling, and a number of other great events;
+and the mention of Calcutta infallibly brings up the Black Hole.  And so,
+when that citizen finds himself in the capital of India he goes first of
+all to see the Black Hole of Calcutta--and is disappointed.
+
+The Black Hole was not preserved; it is gone, long, long ago.  It is
+strange.  Just as it stood, it was itself a monument; a ready-made one.
+It was finished, it was complete, its materials were strong and lasting,
+it needed no furbishing up, no repairs; it merely needed to be let alone.
+It was the first brick, the Foundation Stone, upon which was reared a
+mighty Empire--the Indian Empire of Great Britain.  It was the ghastly
+episode of the Black Hole that maddened the British and brought Clive,
+that young military marvel, raging up from Madras; it was the seed from
+which sprung Plassey; and it was that extraordinary battle, whose like
+had not been seen in the earth since Agincourt, that laid deep and strong
+the foundations of England's colossal Indian sovereignty.
+
+And yet within the time of men who still live, the Black Hole was torn
+down and thrown away as carelessly as if its bricks were common clay, not
+ingots of historic gold.  There is no accounting for human beings.
+
+The supposed site of the Black Hole is marked by an engraved plate.  I
+saw that; and better that than nothing.  The Black Hole was a prison--a
+cell is nearer the right word--eighteen feet square, the dimensions of an
+ordinary bedchamber; and into this place the victorious Nabob of Bengal
+packed 146 of his English prisoners.  There was hardly standing room for
+them; scarcely a breath of air was to be got; the time was night, the
+weather sweltering hot.  Before the dawn came, the captives were all dead
+but twenty-three.  Mr. Holwell's long account of the awful episode was
+familiar to the world a hundred years ago, but one seldom sees in print
+even an extract from it in our day.  Among the striking things in it is
+this.  Mr. Holwell, perishing with thirst, kept himself alive by sucking
+the perspiration from his sleeves.  It gives one a vivid idea of the
+situation.  He presently found that while he was busy drawing life from
+one of his sleeves a young English gentleman was stealing supplies from
+the other one.  Holwell was an unselfish man, a man of the most generous
+impulses; he lived and died famous for these fine and rare qualities; yet
+when he found out what was happening to that unwatched sleeve, he took
+the precaution to suck that one dry first.  The miseries of the Black
+Hole were able to change even a nature like his.  But that young
+gentleman was one of the twenty-three survivors, and he said it was the
+stolen perspiration that saved his life.  From the middle of Mr.
+Holwell's narrative I will make a brief excerpt:
+
+     "Then a general prayer to Heaven, to hasten the approach of the
+     flames to the right and left of us, and put a period to our misery.
+     But these failing, they whose strength and spirits were quite
+     exhausted laid themselves down and expired quietly upon their
+     fellows: others who had yet some strength and vigor left made a last
+     effort at the windows, and several succeeded by leaping and
+     scrambling over the backs and heads of those in the first rank, and
+     got hold of the bars, from which there was no removing them.  Many
+     to the right and left sunk with the violent pressure, and were soon
+     suffocated; for now a steam arose from the living and the dead,
+     which affected us in all its circumstances as if we were forcibly
+     held with our heads over a bowl full of strong volatile spirit of
+     hartshorn, until suffocated; nor could the effluvia of the one be
+     distinguished from the other, and frequently, when I was forced by
+     the load upon my head and shoulders to hold my face down, I was
+     obliged, near as I was to the window, instantly to raise it again to
+     avoid suffocation.  I need not, my dear friend, ask your
+     commiseration, when I tell you, that in this plight, from half an
+     hour past eleven till near two in the morning, I sustained the
+     weight of a heavy man, with his knees in my back, and the pressure
+     of his whole body on my head.  A Dutch surgeon who had taken his
+     seat upon my left shoulder, and a Topaz (a black Christian soldier)
+     bearing on my right; all which nothing could have enabled me to
+     support but the props and pressure equally sustaining me all around.
+     The two latter I frequently dislodged by shifting my hold on the
+     bars and driving my knuckles into their ribs; but my friend above
+     stuck fast, held immovable by two bars.
+
+     "I exerted anew my strength and fortitude; but the repeated trials
+     and efforts I made to dislodge the insufferable incumbrances upon me
+     at last quite exhausted me; and towards two o'clock, finding I must
+     quit the window or sink where I was, I resolved on the former,
+     having bore, truly for the sake of others, infinitely more for life
+     than the best of it is worth.  In the rank close behind me was an
+     officer of one of the ships, whose name was Cary, and who had
+     behaved with much bravery during the siege (his wife, a fine woman,
+     though country born, would not quit him, but accompanied him into
+     the prison, and was one who survived).  This poor wretch had been
+     long raving for water and air; I told him I was determined to give
+     up life, and recommended his gaining my station.  On my quitting it
+     he made a fruitless attempt to get my place; but the Dutch surgeon,
+     who sat on my shoulder, supplanted him.  Poor Cary expressed his
+     thankfulness, and said he would give up life too; but it was with
+     the utmost labor we forced our way from the window (several in the
+     inner ranks appearing to me dead standing, unable to fall by the
+     throng and equal pressure around).  He laid himself down to die; and
+     his death, I believe, was very sudden; for he was a short, full,
+     sanguine man.  His strength was great; and, I imagine, had he not
+     retired with me, I should never have been able to force my way.  I
+     was at this time sensible of no pain, and little uneasiness; I can
+     give you no better idea of my situation than by repeating my simile
+     of the bowl of spirit of hartshorn.  I found a stupor coming on
+     apace, and laid myself down by that gallant old man, the Rev. Mr.
+     Jervas Bellamy, who laid dead with his son, the lieutenant, hand in
+     hand, near the southernmost wall of the prison.  When I had lain
+     there some little time, I still had reflection enough to suffer some
+     uneasiness in the thought that I should be trampled upon, when dead,
+     as I myself had done to others.  With some difficulty I raised
+     myself, and gained the platform a second time, where I presently
+     lost all sensation; the last trace of sensibility that I have been
+     able to recollect after my laying down, was my sash being uneasy
+     about my waist, which I untied, and threw from me.  Of what passed
+     in this interval, to the time of my resurrection from this hole of
+     horrors, I can give you no account."
+
+There was plenty to see in Calcutta, but there was not plenty of time for
+it.  I saw the fort that Clive built; and the place where Warren Hastings
+and the author of the Junius Letters fought their duel; and the great
+botanical gardens; and the fashionable afternoon turnout in the Maidan;
+and a grand review of the garrison in a great plain at sunrise; and a
+military tournament in which great bodies of native soldiery exhibited
+the perfection of their drill at all arms, a spectacular and beautiful
+show occupying several nights and closing with the mimic storming of a
+native fort which was as good as the reality for thrilling and accurate
+detail, and better than the reality for security and comfort; we had a
+pleasure excursion on the 'Hoogly' by courtesy of friends, and devoted
+the rest of the time to social life and the Indian museum.  One should
+spend a month in the museum, an enchanted palace of Indian antiquities.
+Indeed, a person might spend half a year among the beautiful and
+wonderful things without exhausting their interest.
+
+It was winter.  We were of Kipling's "hosts of tourists who travel up and
+down India in the cold weather showing how things ought to be managed."
+It is a common expression there, "the cold weather," and the people think
+there is such a thing.  It is because they have lived there half a
+lifetime, and their perceptions have become blunted.  When a person is
+accustomed to 138 in the shade, his ideas about cold weather are not
+valuable.  I had read, in the histories, that the June marches made
+between Lucknow and Cawnpore by the British forces in the time of the
+Mutiny were made weather--138 in the shade and had taken it for
+historical embroidery.  I had read it again in Serjeant-Major
+Forbes-Mitchell's account of his military experiences in the Mutiny
+--at least I thought I had--and in Calcutta I asked him if it was true,
+and he said it was.  An officer of high rank who had been in the thick of
+the Mutiny said the same.  As long as those men were talking about what
+they knew, they were trustworthy, and I believed them; but when they said
+it was now "cold weather," I saw that they had traveled outside of their
+sphere of knowledge and were floundering.  I believe that in India "cold
+weather" is merely a conventional phrase and has come into use through
+the necessity of having some way to distinguish between weather which
+will melt a brass door-knob and weather which will only make it mushy.
+It was observable that brass ones were in use while I was in Calcutta,
+showing that it was not yet time to change to porcelain; I was told the
+change to porcelain was not usually made until May.  But this cold
+weather was too warm for us; so we started to Darjeeling, in the
+Himalayas--a twenty-four hour journey.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LV.
+
+There are 869 different forms of lying, but only one of them has been
+squarely forbidden.  Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy
+neighbor.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+
+FROM DIARY:
+
+February 14.  We left at 4:30 P.M.  Until dark we moved through rich
+vegetation, then changed to a boat and crossed the Ganges.
+
+February 15.  Up with the sun.  A brilliant morning, and frosty.  A
+double suit of flannels is found necessary.  The plain is perfectly
+level, and seems to stretch away and away and away, dimming and
+softening, to the uttermost bounds of nowhere.  What a soaring,
+strenuous, gushing fountain spray of delicate greenery a bunch of bamboo
+is!  As far as the eye can reach, these grand vegetable geysers grace the
+view, their spoutings refined to steam by distance.  And there are fields
+of bananas, with the sunshine glancing from the varnished surface of
+their drooping vast leaves.  And there are frequent groves of palm; and
+an effective accent is given to the landscape by isolated individuals of
+this picturesque family, towering, clean-stemmed, their plumes broken and
+hanging ragged, Nature's imitation of an umbrella that has been out to
+see what a cyclone is like and is trying not to look disappointed.  And
+everywhere through the soft morning vistas we glimpse the villages, the
+countless villages, the myriad villages, thatched, built of clean new
+matting, snuggling among grouped palms and sheaves of bamboo; villages,
+villages, no end of villages, not three hundred yards apart, and dozens
+and dozens of them in sight all the time; a mighty City, hundreds of
+miles long, hundreds of miles broad, made all of villages, the biggest
+city in the earth, and as populous as a European kingdom.  I have seen no
+such city as this before.  And there is a continuously repeated and
+replenished multitude of naked men in view on both sides and ahead.  We
+fly through it mile after mile, but still it is always there, on both
+sides and ahead--brown-bodied, naked men and boys, plowing in the fields.
+But not woman.  In these two hours I have not seen a woman or a girl
+working in the fields.
+
+              "From Greenland's icy mountains,
+               From India's coral strand,
+               Where Afric's sunny fountains
+               Roll down their golden sand.
+               From many an ancient river,
+               From many a palmy plain,
+               They call us to deliver
+               Their land from error's chain."
+
+Those are beautiful verses, and they have remained in my memory all my
+life.  But if the closing lines are true, let us hope that when we come
+to answer the call and deliver the land from its errors, we shall secrete
+from it some of our high-civilization ways, and at the same time borrow
+some of its pagan ways to enrich our high system with.  We have a right
+to do this.  If we lift those people up, we have a right to lift
+ourselves up nine or ten grades or so, at their expense.  A few years ago
+I spent several weeks at Tolz, in Bavaria.  It is a Roman Catholic
+region, and not even Benares is more deeply or pervasively or
+intelligently devout.  In my diary of those days I find this:
+
+     "We took a long drive yesterday around about the lovely country
+     roads.  But it was a drive whose pleasure was damaged in a couple of
+     ways: by the dreadful shrines and by the shameful spectacle of gray
+     and venerable old grandmothers toiling in the fields.  The shrines
+     were frequent along the roads--figures of the Saviour nailed to the
+     cross and streaming with blood from the wounds of the nails and the
+     thorns.
+
+     "When missionaries go from here do they find fault with the pagan
+     idols?  I saw many women seventy and even eighty years old mowing
+     and binding in the fields, and pitchforking the loads into the
+     wagons."
+
+I was in Austria later, and in Munich.  In Munich I saw gray old women
+pushing trucks up hill and down, long distances, trucks laden with
+barrels of beer, incredible loads.  In my Austrian diary I find this:
+
+     "In the fields I often see a woman and a cow harnessed to the plow,
+     and a man driving.
+
+     "In the public street of Marienbad to-day, I saw an old, bent,
+     gray-headed woman, in harness with a dog, drawing a laden sled over
+     bare dirt roads and bare pavements; and at his ease walked the
+     driver, smoking his pipe, a hale fellow not thirty years old."
+
+Five or six years ago I bought an open boat, made a kind of a canvas
+wagon-roof over the stern of it to shelter me from sun and rain; hired a
+courier and a boatman, and made a twelve-day floating voyage down the
+Rhone from Lake Bourget to Marseilles.  In my diary of that trip I find
+this entry.  I was far down the Rhone then:
+
+     "Passing St. Etienne, 2:15 P.M.  On a distant ridge inland, a tall
+     openwork structure commandingly situated, with a statue of the
+     Virgin standing on it.  A devout country.  All down this river,
+     wherever there is a crag there is a statue of the Virgin on it.  I
+     believe I have seen a hundred of them.  And yet, in many respects,
+     the peasantry seem to be mere pagans, and destitute of any
+     considerable degree of civilization.
+
+     " .  .  .  .  We reached a not very promising looking village about
+     4 o'clock, and I concluded to tie up for the day; munching fruit and
+     fogging the hood with pipe-smoke had grown monotonous; I could not
+     have the hood furled, because the floods of rain fell unceasingly.
+     The tavern was on the river bank, as is the custom.  It was dull
+     there, and melancholy--nothing to do but look out of the window into
+     the drenching rain, and shiver; one could do that, for it was bleak
+     and cold and windy, and country France furnishes no fire.  Winter
+     overcoats did not help me much; they had to be supplemented with
+     rugs.  The raindrops were so large and struck the river with such
+     force that they knocked up the water like pebble-splashes.
+
+     "With the exception of a very occasional woodenshod peasant, nobody
+     was abroad in this bitter weather--I mean nobody of our sex.  But
+     all weathers are alike to the women in these continental countries.
+     To them and the other animals, life is serious; nothing interrupts
+     their slavery.  Three of them were washing clothes in the river
+     under the window when I arrived, and they continued at it as long as
+     there was light to work by.  One was apparently thirty; another--the
+     mother!--above fifty; the third--grandmother!--so old and worn and
+     gray she could have passed for eighty; I took her to be that old.
+     They had no waterproofs nor rubbers, of course; over their shoulders
+     they wore gunnysacks--simply conductors for rivers of water; some of
+     the volume reached the ground; the rest soaked in on the way.
+
+     "At last a vigorous fellow of thirty-five arrived, dry and
+     comfortable, smoking his pipe under his big umbrella in an open
+     donkey-cart-husband, son, and grandson of those women!  He stood up
+     in the cart, sheltering himself, and began to superintend, issuing
+     his orders in a masterly tone of command, and showing temper when
+     they were not obeyed swiftly enough.
+
+     "Without complaint or murmur the drowned women patiently carried out
+     the orders, lifting the immense baskets of soggy, wrung-out clothing
+     into the cart and stowing them to the man's satisfaction.  There
+     were six of the great baskets, and a man of mere ordinary strength
+     could not have lifted any one of them.  The cart being full now, the
+     Frenchman descended, still sheltered by his umbrella, entered the
+     tavern, and the women went drooping homeward, trudging in the wake
+     of the cart, and soon were blended with the deluge and lost to
+     sight.
+
+     "When I went down into the public room, the Frenchman had his bottle
+     of wine and plate of food on a bare table black with grease, and was
+     "chomping" like a horse.  He had the little religious paper which is
+     in everybody's hands on the Rhone borders, and was enlightening
+     himself with the histories of French saints who used to flee to the
+     desert in the Middle Ages to escape the contamination of woman.  For
+     two hundred years France has been sending missionaries to other
+     savage lands.  To spare to the needy from poverty like hers is fine
+     and true generosity."
+
+But to get back to India--where, as my favorite poem says--
+
+              "Every prospect pleases,
+               And only man is vile."
+
+It is because Bavaria and Austria and France have not introduced their
+civilization to him yet.  But Bavaria and Austria and France are on their
+way.  They are coming.  They will rescue him; they will refine the
+vileness out of him.
+
+Some time during the forenoon, approaching the mountains, we changed from
+the regular train to one composed of little canvas-sheltered cars that
+skimmed along within a foot of the ground and seemed to be going fifty
+miles an hour when they were really making about twenty.  Each car had
+seating capacity for half-a-dozen persons; and when the curtains were up
+one was substantially out of doors, and could see everywhere, and get all
+the breeze, and be luxuriously comfortable.  It was not a pleasure
+excursion in name only, but in fact.
+
+After a while the stopped at a little wooden coop of a station just
+within the curtain of the sombre jungle, a place with a deep and dense
+forest of great trees and scrub and vines all about it.  The royal Bengal
+tiger is in great force there, and is very bold and unconventional.  From
+this lonely little station a message once went to the railway manager in
+Calcutta: "Tiger eating station-master on front porch; telegraph
+instructions."
+
+It was there that I had my first tiger hunt.  I killed thirteen.  We were
+presently away again, and the train began to climb the mountains.  In one
+place seven wild elephants crossed the track, but two of them got away
+before I could overtake them.  The railway journey up the mountain is
+forty miles, and it takes eight hours to make it.  It is so wild and
+interesting and exciting and enchanting that it ought to take a week.  As
+for the vegetation, it is a museum.  The jungle seemed to contain samples
+of every rare and curious tree and bush that we had ever seen or heard
+of.  It is from that museum, I think, that the globe must have been
+supplied with the trees and vines and shrubs that it holds precious.
+
+The road is infinitely and charmingly crooked.  It goes winding in and
+out under lofty cliffs that are smothered in vines and foliage, and
+around the edges of bottomless chasms; and all the way one glides by
+files of picturesque natives, some carrying burdens up, others going down
+from their work in the tea-gardens; and once there was a gaudy wedding
+procession, all bright tinsel and color, and a bride, comely and girlish,
+who peeped out from the curtains of her palanquin, exposing her face with
+that pure delight which the young and happy take in sin for sin's own
+sake.
+
+By and by we were well up in the region of the clouds, and from that
+breezy height we looked down and afar over a wonderful picture--the
+Plains of India, stretching to the horizon, soft and fair, level as a
+floor, shimmering with heat, mottled with cloud-shadows, and cloven with
+shining rivers.  Immediately below us, and receding down, down, down,
+toward the valley, was a shaven confusion of hilltops, with ribbony roads
+and paths squirming and snaking cream-yellow all over them and about
+them, every curve and twist sharply distinct.
+
+At an elevation of 6,000 feet we entered a thick cloud, and it shut out
+the world and kept it shut out.  We climbed 1,000 feet higher, then began
+to descend, and presently got down to Darjeeling, which is 6,000 feet
+above the level of the Plains.
+
+We had passed many a mountain village on the way up, and seen some new
+kinds of natives, among them many samples of the fighting Ghurkas.  They
+are not large men, but they are strong and resolute.  There are no better
+soldiers among Britain's native troops.  And we had passed shoals of
+their women climbing the forty miles of steep road from the valley to
+their mountain homes, with tall baskets on their backs hitched to their
+foreheads by a band, and containing a freightage weighing--I will not say
+how many hundreds of pounds, for the sum is unbelievable.  These were
+young women, and they strode smartly along under these astonishing
+burdens with the air of people out for a holiday.  I was told that a
+woman will carry a piano on her back all the way up the mountain; and
+that more than once a woman had done it.  If these were old women I
+should regard the Ghurkas as no more civilized than the Europeans.
+At the railway station at Darjeeling you find plenty of cab-substitutes
+--open coffins, in which you sit, and are then borne on men's shoulders up
+the steep roads into the town.
+
+Up there we found a fairly comfortable hotel, the property of an
+indiscriminate and incoherent landlord, who looks after nothing, but
+leaves everything to his army of Indian servants.  No, he does look after
+the bill--to be just to him--and the tourist cannot do better than follow
+his example.  I was told by a resident that the summit of Kinchinjunga is
+often hidden in the clouds, and that sometimes a tourist has waited
+twenty-two days and then been obliged to go away without a sight of it.
+And yet went not disappointed; for when he got his hotel bill he
+recognized that he was now seeing the highest thing in the Himalayas.
+But this is probably a lie.
+
+After lecturing I went to the Club that night, and that was a comfortable
+place.  It is loftily situated, and looks out over a vast spread of
+scenery; from it you can see where the boundaries of three countries come
+together, some thirty miles away; Thibet is one of them, Nepaul another,
+and I think Herzegovina was the other.  Apparently, in every town and
+city in India the gentlemen of the British civil and military service
+have a club; sometimes it is a palatial one, always it is pleasant and
+homelike.  The hotels are not always as good as they might be, and the
+stranger who has access to the Club is grateful for his privilege and
+knows how to value it.
+
+Next day was Sunday.  Friends came in the gray dawn with horses, and my
+party rode away to a distant point where Kinchinjunga and Mount Everest
+show up best, but I stayed at home for a private view; for it was very
+old, and I was not acquainted with the horses, any way.  I got a pipe and
+a few blankets and sat for two hours at the window, and saw the sun drive
+away the veiling gray and touch up the snow-peaks one after another with
+pale pink splashes and delicate washes of gold, and finally flood the
+whole mighty convulsion of snow-mountains with a deluge of rich
+splendors.
+
+Kinchinjunga's peak was but fitfully visible, but in the between times it
+was vividly clear against the sky--away up there in the blue dome more
+than 28,000 feet above sea level--the loftiest land I had ever seen, by
+12,000 feet or more.  It was 45 miles away.  Mount Everest is a thousand
+feet higher, but it was not a part of that sea of mountains piled up
+there before me, so I did not see it; but I did not care, because I think
+that mountains that are as high as that are disagreeable.
+
+I changed from the back to the front of the house and spent the rest of
+the morning there, watching the swarthy strange tribes flock by from
+their far homes in the Himalayas.  All ages and both sexes were
+represented, and the breeds were quite new to me, though the costumes of
+the Thibetans made them look a good deal like Chinamen.  The prayer-wheel
+was a frequent feature.  It brought me near to these people, and made
+them seem kinfolk of mine.  Through our preacher we do much of our
+praying by proxy.  We do not whirl him around a stick, as they do, but
+that is merely a detail.  The swarm swung briskly by, hour after hour, a
+strange and striking pageant.  It was wasted there, and it seemed a pity.
+It should have been sent streaming through the cities of Europe or
+America, to refresh eyes weary of the pale monotonies of the
+circus-pageant.  These people were bound for the bazar, with things to
+sell.  We went down there, later, and saw that novel congress of the wild
+peoples, and plowed here and there through it, and concluded that it
+would be worth coming from Calcutta to see, even if there were no
+Kinchinjunga and Everest.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LVI.
+
+There are two times in a man's life when he should not speculate: when he
+can't afford it, and when he can.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+On Monday and Tuesday at sunrise we again had fair-to-middling views of
+the stupendous mountains; then, being well cooled off and refreshed, we
+were ready to chance the weather of the lower world once more.
+
+We traveled up hill by the regular train five miles to the summit, then
+changed to a little canvas-canopied hand-car for the 35-mile descent.  It
+was the size of a sleigh, it had six seats and was so low that it seemed
+to rest on the ground.  It had no engine or other propelling power, and
+needed none to help it fly down those steep inclines.  It only needed a
+strong brake, to modify its flight, and it had that.  There was a story
+of a disastrous trip made down the mountain once in this little car by
+the Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal, when the car jumped the track and
+threw its passengers over a precipice.  It was not true, but the story
+had value for me, for it made me nervous, and nervousness wakes a person
+up and makes him alive and alert, and heightens the thrill of a new and
+doubtful experience.  The car could really jump the track, of course; a
+pebble on the track, placed there by either accident or malice, at a
+sharp curve where one might strike it before the eye could discover it,
+could derail the car and fling it down into India; and the fact that the
+lieutenant-governor had escaped was no proof that I would have the same
+luck.  And standing there, looking down upon the Indian Empire from the
+airy altitude of 7,000 feet, it seemed unpleasantly far, dangerously far,
+to be flung from a handcar.
+
+But after all, there was but small danger-for me.  What there was, was
+for Mr. Pugh, inspector of a division of the Indian police, in whose
+company and protection we had come from Calcutta.  He had seen long
+service as an artillery officer, was less nervous than I was, and so he
+was to go ahead of us in a pilot hand-car, with a Ghurka and another
+native; and the plan was that when we should see his car jump over a
+precipice we must put on our break [sp.] and send for another pilot.
+It was a good arrangement.  Also Mr. Barnard, chief engineer of the
+mountain-division of the road, was to take personal charge of our car,
+and he had been down the mountain in it many a time.
+
+Everything looked safe.  Indeed, there was but one questionable detail
+left: the regular train was to follow us as soon as we should start, and
+it might run over us.  Privately, I thought it would.
+
+The road fell sharply down in front of us and went corkscrewing in and
+out around the crags and precipices, down, down, forever down, suggesting
+nothing so exactly or so uncomfortably as a croaked toboggan slide with
+no end to it.  Mr. Pugh waved his flag and started, like an arrow from a
+bow, and before I could get out of the car we were gone too.  I had
+previously had but one sensation like the shock of that departure, and
+that was the gaspy shock that took my breath away the first time that I
+was discharged from the summit of a toboggan slide.  But in both
+instances the sensation was pleasurable--intensely so; it was a sudden
+and immense exaltation, a mixed ecstasy of deadly fright and unimaginable
+joy.  I believe that this combination makes the perfection of human
+delight.
+
+The pilot car's flight down the mountain suggested the swoop of a swallow
+that is skimming the ground, so swiftly and smoothly and gracefully it
+swept down the long straight reaches and soared in and out of the bends
+and around the corners.  We raced after it, and seemed to flash by the
+capes and crags with the speed of light; and now and then we almost
+overtook it--and had hopes; but it was only playing with us; when we got
+near, it released its brake, make a spring around a corner, and the next
+time it spun into view, a few seconds later, it looked as small as a
+wheelbarrow, it was so far away.  We played with the train in the same
+way.  We often got out to gather flowers or sit on a precipice and look
+at the scenery, then presently we would hear a dull and growing roar, and
+the long coils of the train would come into sight behind and above us;
+but we did not need to start till the locomotive was close down upon us
+--then we soon left it far behind.  It had to stop at every station,
+therefore it was not an embarrassment to us.  Our brake was a good piece
+of machinery; it could bring the car to a standstill on a slope as steep
+as a house-roof.
+
+The scenery was grand and varied and beautiful, and there was no hurry;
+we could always stop and examine it.  There was abundance of time.  We
+did not need to hamper the train; if it wanted the road, we could switch
+off and let it go by, then overtake it and pass it later.  We stopped at
+one place to see the Gladstone Cliff, a great crag which the ages and the
+weather have sculptured into a recognizable portrait of the venerable
+statesman.  Mr. Gladstone is a stockholder in the road, and Nature began
+this portrait ten thousand years ago, with the idea of having the
+compliment ready in time for the event.
+
+We saw a banyan tree which sent down supporting stems from branches which
+were sixty feet above the ground.  That is, I suppose it was a banyan;
+its bark resembled that of the great banyan in the botanical gardens at
+Calcutta, that spider-legged thing with its wilderness of vegetable
+columns.  And there were frequent glimpses of a totally leafless tree
+upon whose innumerable twigs and branches a cloud of crimson butterflies
+had lighted--apparently.  In fact these brilliant red butterflies were
+flowers, but the illusion was good.  Afterward in South Africa, I saw
+another splendid effect made by red flowers.  This flower was probably
+called the torch-plant--should have been so named, anyway.  It had a
+slender stem several feet high, and from its top stood up a single tongue
+of flame, an intensely red flower of the size and shape of a small
+corn-cob.  The stems stood three or four feet apart all over a great
+hill-slope that was a mile long, and make one think of what the Place
+de la Concorde would be if its myriad lights were red instead of white
+and yellow.
+
+A few miles down the mountain we stopped half an hour to see a Thibetan
+dramatic performance.  It was in the open air on the hillside.  The
+audience was composed of Thibetans, Ghurkas, and other unusual people.
+The costumes of the actors were in the last degree outlandish, and the
+performance was in keeping with the clothes.  To an accompaniment of
+barbarous noises the actors stepped out one after another and began to
+spin around with immense swiftness and vigor and violence, chanting the
+while, and soon the whole troupe would be spinning and chanting and
+raising the dust.  They were performing an ancient and celebrated
+historical play, and a Chinaman explained it to me in pidjin English as
+it went along.  The play was obscure enough without the explanation; with
+the explanation added, it was (opake).  As a drama this ancient
+historical work of art was defective, I thought, but as a wild and
+barbarous spectacle the representation was beyond criticism.
+Far down the mountain we got out to look at a piece of remarkable
+loop-engineering--a spiral where the road curves upon itself with such
+abruptness that when the regular train came down and entered the loop, we
+stood over it and saw the locomotive disappear under our bridge, then in
+a few moments appear again, chasing its own tail; and we saw it gain on
+it, overtake it, draw ahead past the rear cars, and run a race with that
+end of the train.  It was like a snake swallowing itself.
+
+Half-way down the mountain we stopped about an hour at Mr. Barnard's
+house for refreshments, and while we were sitting on the veranda looking
+at the distant panorama of hills through a gap in the forest, we came
+very near seeing a leopard kill a calf.--[It killed it the day before.]
+--It is a wild place and lovely.  From the woods all about came the songs
+of birds,--among them the contributions of a couple of birds which I was
+not then acquainted with: the brain-fever bird and the coppersmith.  The
+song of the brain-fever demon starts on a low but steadily rising key,
+and is a spiral twist which augments in intensity and severity with each
+added spiral, growing sharper and sharper, and more and more painful,
+more and more agonizing, more and more maddening, intolerable,
+unendurable, as it bores deeper and deeper and deeper into the listener's
+brain, until at last the brain fever comes as a relief and the man dies.
+I am bringing some of these birds home to America.  They will be a great
+curiosity there, and it is believed that in our climate they will
+multiply like rabbits.
+
+The coppersmith bird's note at a certain distance away has the ring of a
+sledge on granite; at a certain other distance the hammering has a more
+metallic ring, and you might think that the bird was mending a copper
+kettle; at another distance it has a more woodeny thump, but it is a
+thump that is full of energy, and sounds just like starting a bung.  So
+he is a hard bird to name with a single name; he is a stone-breaker,
+coppersmith, and bung-starter, and even then he is not completely named,
+for when he is close by you find that there is a soft, deep, melodious
+quality in his thump, and for that no satisfying name occurs to you.  You
+will not mind his other notes, but when he camps near enough for you to
+hear that one, you presently find that his measured and monotonous
+repetition of it is beginning to disturb you; next it will weary you,
+soon it will distress you, and before long each thump will hurt your
+head; if this goes on, you will lose your mind with the pain and misery
+of it, and go crazy.  I am bringing some of these birds home to America.
+There is nothing like them there.  They will be a great surprise, and it
+is said that in a climate like ours they will surpass expectation for
+fecundity.
+
+I am bringing some nightingales, too, and some cue-owls.  I got them in
+Italy.  The song of the nightingale is the deadliest known to
+ornithology.  That demoniacal shriek can kill at thirty yards.  The note
+of the cue-owl is infinitely soft and sweet--soft and sweet as the
+whisper of a flute.  But penetrating--oh, beyond belief; it can bore
+through boiler-iron.  It is a lingering note, and comes in triplets, on
+the one unchanging key: hoo-o-o, hoo-o-o, hoo-o-o; then a silence of
+fifteen seconds, then the triplet again; and so on, all night.  At first
+it is divine; then less so; then trying; then distressing; then
+excruciating; then agonizing, and at the end of two hours the listener is
+a maniac.
+
+And so, presently we took to the hand-car and went flying down the
+mountain again; flying and stopping, flying and stopping, till at last we
+were in the plain once more and stowed for Calcutta in the regular train.
+That was the most enjoyable day I have spent in the earth.  For rousing,
+tingling, rapturous pleasure there is no holiday trip that approaches the
+bird-flight down the Himalayas in a hand-car.  It has no fault, no
+blemish, no lack, except that there are only thirty-five miles of it
+instead of five hundred.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LVII.
+
+She was not quite what you would call refined.  She was not quite what
+you would call unrefined.  She was the kind of person that keeps a
+parrot.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+So far as I am able to judge, nothing has been left undone, either by man
+or Nature, to make India the most extraordinary country that the sun
+visits on his round.  Nothing seems to have been forgotten, nothing over
+looked.  Always, when you think you have come to the end of her
+tremendous specialties and have finished banging tags upon her as the
+Land of the Thug, the Land of the Plague, the Land of Famine, the Land of
+Giant Illusions, the Land of Stupendous Mountains, and so forth, another
+specialty crops up and another tag is required.  I have been overlooking
+the fact that India is by an unapproachable supremacy--the Land of
+Murderous Wild Creatures.  Perhaps it will be simplest to throw away the
+tags and generalize her with one all-comprehensive name, as the Land of
+Wonders.
+
+For many years the British Indian Government has been trying to destroy
+the murderous wild creatures, and has spent a great deal of money in the
+effort.  The annual official returns show that the undertaking is a
+difficult one.
+
+These returns exhibit a curious annual uniformity in results; the sort of
+uniformity which you find in the annual output of suicides in the world's
+capitals, and the proportions of deaths by this, that, and the other
+disease.  You can always come close to foretelling how many suicides will
+occur in Paris, London, and New York, next year, and also how many deaths
+will result from cancer, consumption, dog-bite, falling out of the
+window, getting run over by cabs, etc., if you know the statistics of
+those matters for the present year.  In the same way, with one year's
+Indian statistics before you, you can guess closely at how many people
+were killed in that Empire by tigers during the previous year, and the
+year before that, and the year before that, and at how many were killed
+in each of those years by bears, how many by wolves, and how many by
+snakes; and you can also guess closely at how many people are going to be
+killed each year for the coming five years by each of those agencies.
+You can also guess closely at how many of each agency the government is
+going to kill each year for the next five years.
+
+I have before me statistics covering a period of six consecutive years.
+By these, I know that in India the tiger kills something over 800 persons
+every year, and that the government responds by killing about double as
+many tigers every year.  In four of the six years referred to, the tiger
+got 800 odd; in one of the remaining two years he got only 700, but in
+the other remaining year he made his average good by scoring 917.  He is
+always sure of his average.  Anyone who bets that the tiger will kill
+2,400 people in India in any three consecutive years has invested his
+money in a certainty; anyone who bets that he will kill 2,600 in any
+three consecutive years, is absolutely sure to lose.
+
+As strikingly uniform as are the statistics of suicide, they are not any
+more so than are those of the tiger's annual output of slaughtered human
+beings in India.  The government's work is quite uniform, too; it about
+doubles the tiger's average.  In six years the tiger killed 5,000
+persons, minus 50; in the same six years 10,000 tigers were killed, minus
+400.
+
+The wolf kills nearly as many people as the tiger--700 a year to the
+tiger's 800 odd--but while he is doing it, more than 5,000 of his tribe
+fall.
+
+The leopard kills an average of 230 people per year, but loses 3,300 of
+his own mess while he is doing it.
+
+The bear kills 100 people per year at a cost of 1,250 of his own tribe.
+
+The tiger, as the figures show, makes a very handsome fight against man.
+But it is nothing to the elephant's fight.  The king of beasts, the lord
+of the jungle, loses four of his mess per year, but he kills forty--five
+persons to make up for it.
+
+But when it comes to killing cattle, the lord of the jungle is not
+interested.  He kills but 100 in six years--horses of hunters, no doubt
+--but in the same six the tiger kills more than 84,000, the leopard
+100,000, the bear 4,000, the wolf 70,000, the hyena more than 13,000,
+other wild beasts 27,000, and the snakes 19,000, a grand total of more
+than 300,000; an average of 50,000 head per year.
+
+In response, the government kills, in the six years, a total of 3,201,232
+wild beasts and snakes.  Ten for one.
+
+It will be perceived that the snakes are not much interested in cattle;
+they kill only 3,000 odd per year.  The snakes are much more interested
+in man.  India swarms with deadly snakes.  At the head of the list is the
+cobra, the deadliest known to the world, a snake whose bite kills where
+the rattlesnake's bite merely entertains.
+
+In India, the annual man-killings by snakes are as uniform, as regular,
+and as forecastable as are the tiger-average and the suicide-average.
+Anyone who bets that in India, in any three consecutive years the snakes
+will kill 49,500 persons, will win his bet; and anyone who bets that in
+India in any three consecutive years, the snakes will kill 53,500
+persons, will lose his bet.  In India the snakes kill 17,000 people a
+year; they hardly ever fall short of it; they as seldom exceed it.  An
+insurance actuary could take the Indian census tables and the
+government's snake tables and tell you within sixpence how much it would
+be worth to insure a man against death by snake-bite there.  If I had a
+dollar for every person killed per year in India, I would rather have it
+than any other property, as it is the only property in the world not
+subject to shrinkage.
+
+I should like to have a royalty on the government-end of the snake
+business, too, and am in London now trying to get it; but when I get it
+it is not going to be as regular an income as the other will be if I get
+that; I have applied for it.  The snakes transact their end of the
+business in a more orderly and systematic way than the government
+transacts its end of it, because the snakes have had a long experience
+and know all about the traffic.  You can make sure that the government
+will never kill fewer than 110,000 snakes in a year, and that it will
+newer quite reach 300,000 too much room for oscillation; good speculative
+stock, to bear or bull, and buy and sell long and short, and all that
+kind of thing, but not eligible for investment like the other.  The man
+that speculates in the government's snake crop wants to go carefully.  I
+would not advise a man to buy a single crop at all--I mean a crop of
+futures for the possible wobble is something quite extraordinary.  If he
+can buy six future crops in a bunch, seller to deliver 1,500,000
+altogether, that is another matter.  I do not know what snakes are worth
+now, but I know what they would be worth then, for the statistics show
+that the seller could not come within 427,000 of carrying out his
+contract.  However, I think that a person who speculates in snakes is a
+fool, anyway.  He always regrets it afterwards.
+
+To finish the statistics.  In six years the wild beasts kill 20,000
+persons, and the snakes kill 103,000.  In the same six the government
+kills 1,073,546 snakes.  Plenty left.
+
+There are narrow escapes in India.  In the very jungle where I killed
+sixteen tigers and all those elephants, a cobra bit me but it got well;
+everyone was surprised.  This could not happen twice in ten years,
+perhaps.  Usually death would result in fifteen minutes.
+
+We struck out westward or northwestward from Calcutta on an itinerary of
+a zig-zag sort, which would in the course of time carry us across India
+to its northwestern corner and the border of Afghanistan.  The first part
+of the trip carried us through a great region which was an endless
+garden--miles and miles of the beautiful flower from whose juices comes
+the opium, and at Muzaffurpore we were in the midst of the indigo
+culture; thence by a branch road to the Ganges at a point near Dinapore,
+and by a train which would have missed the connection by a week but for
+the thoughtfulness of some British officers who were along, and who knew
+the ways of trains that are run by natives without white supervision.
+This train stopped at every village; for no purpose connected with
+business, apparently.  We put out nothing, we took nothing aboard.  The
+train bands stepped ashore and gossiped with friends a quarter of an
+hour, then pulled out and repeated this at the succeeding villages.  We
+had thirty-five miles to go and six hours to do it in, but it was plain
+that we were not going to make it.  It was then that the English officers
+said it was now necessary to turn this gravel train into an express.  So
+they gave the engine-driver a rupee and told him to fly.  It was a simple
+remedy.  After that we made ninety miles an hour.  We crossed the Ganges
+just at dawn, made our connection, and went to Benares, where we stayed
+twenty-four hours and inspected that strange and fascinating piety-hive
+again; then left for Lucknow, a city which is perhaps the most
+conspicuous of the many monuments of British fortitude and valor that are
+scattered about the earth.
+
+The heat was pitiless, the flat plains were destitute of grass, and baked
+dry by the sun they were the color of pale dust, which was flying in
+clouds.  But it was much hotter than this when the relieving forces
+marched to Lucknow in the time of the Mutiny.  Those were the days of 138
+deg. in the shade.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER, LVIII.
+
+Make it a point to do something every day that you don't want to do.
+This is the golden rule for acquiring the habit of doing your duty
+without pain.
+                             --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+It seems to be settled, now, that among the many causes from which the
+Great Mutiny sprang, the main one was the annexation of the kingdom of
+Oudh by the East India Company--characterized by Sir Henry Lawrence as
+"the most unrighteous act that was ever committed."  In the spring of
+1857, a mutinous spirit was observable in many of the native garrisons,
+and it grew day by day and spread wider and wider.  The younger military
+men saw something very serious in it, and would have liked to take hold
+of it vigorously and stamp it out promptly; but they were not in
+authority. Old-men were in the high places of the army--men who should
+have been retired long before, because of their great age--and they
+regarded the matter as a thing of no consequence.  They loved their
+native soldiers, and would not believe that anything could move them to
+revolt.  Everywhere these obstinate veterans listened serenely to the
+rumbling of the volcanoes under them, and said it was nothing.
+
+And so the propagators of mutiny had everything their own way.  They
+moved from camp to camp undisturbed, and painted to the native soldier
+the wrongs his people were suffering at the hands of the English, and
+made his heart burn for revenge.  They were able to point to two facts of
+formidable value as backers of their persuasions: In Clive's day, native
+armies were incoherent mobs, and without effective arms; therefore, they
+were weak against Clive's organized handful of well-armed men, but the
+thing was the other way, now.  The British forces were native; they had
+been trained by the British, organized by the British, armed by the
+British, all the power was in their hands--they were a club made by
+British hands to beat out British brains with.  There was nothing to
+oppose their mass, nothing but a few weak battalions of British soldiers
+scattered about India, a force not worth speaking of.  This argument,
+taken alone, might not have succeeded, for the bravest and best Indian
+troops had a wholesome dread of the white soldier, whether he was weak or
+strong; but the agitators backed it with their second and best point
+prophecy--a prophecy a hundred years old.  The Indian is open to prophecy
+at all times; argument may fail to convince him, but not prophecy.  There
+was a prophecy that a hundred years from the year of that battle of
+Clive's which founded the British Indian Empire, the British power would
+be overthrown and swept away by the natives.
+
+The Mutiny broke out at Meerut on the 10th of May, 1857, and fired a
+train of tremendous historical explosions.  Nana Sahib's massacre of the
+surrendered garrison of Cawnpore occurred in June, and the long siege of
+Lucknow began.  The military history of England is old and great, but I
+think it must be granted that the crushing of the Mutiny is the greatest
+chapter in it.  The British were caught asleep and unprepared.  They were
+a few thousands, swallowed up in an ocean of hostile populations.  It
+would take months to inform England and get help, but they did not falter
+or stop to count the odds, but with English resolution and English
+devotion they took up their task, and went stubbornly on with it, through
+good fortune and bad, and fought the most unpromising fight that one may
+read of in fiction or out of it, and won it thoroughly.
+
+The Mutiny broke out so suddenly, and spread with such rapidity that
+there was but little time for occupants of weak outlying stations to
+escape to places of safety.  Attempts were made, of course, but they were
+attended by hardships as bitter as death in the few cases which were
+successful; for the heat ranged between 120 and 138 in the shade; the way
+led through hostile peoples, and food and water were hardly to be had.
+For ladies and children accustomed to ease and comfort and plenty, such a
+journey must have been a cruel experience.  Sir G. O.  Trevelyan quotes
+an example:
+
+     "This is what befell Mrs. M----, the wife of the surgeon at a
+     certain station on the southern confines of the insurrection.  'I
+     heard,' she says, 'a number of shots fired, and, looking out, I saw
+     my husband driving furiously from the mess-house, waving his whip.
+     I ran to him, and, seeing a bearer with my child in his arms, I
+     caught her up, and got into the buggy.  At the mess-house we found
+     all the officers assembled, together with sixty sepoys, who had
+     remained faithful.  We went off in one large party, amidst a general
+     conflagration of our late homes.  We reached the caravanserai at
+     Chattapore the next morning, and thence started for Callinger.  At
+     this point our sepoy escort deserted us.  We were fired upon by
+     match-lockmen, and one officer was shot dead.  We heard, likewise,
+     that the people had risen at Callinger, so we returned and walked
+     back ten miles that day.  M---- and I carried the child alternately.
+     Presently Mrs. Smalley died of sunstroke.  We had no food amongst
+     us.  An officer kindly lent us a horse.  We were very faint.  The
+     Major died, and was buried; also the Sergeant-major and some women.
+     The bandsmen left us on the nineteenth of June.  We were fired at
+     again by match-lockmen, and changed direction for Allahabad.  Our
+     party consisted of nine gentlemen, two children, the sergeant and
+     his wife.  On the morning of the twentieth, Captain Scott took
+     Lottie on to his horse.  I was riding behind my husband, and she was
+     so crushed between us.  She was two years old on the first of the
+     month.  We were both weak through want of food and the effect of the
+     sun.  Lottie and I had no head covering.  M---- had a sepoy's cap I
+     found on the ground.  Soon after sunrise we were followed by
+     villagers armed with clubs and spears.  One of them struck Captain
+     Scott's horse on the leg.  He galloped off with Lottie, and my poor
+     husband never saw his child again.  We rode on several miles,
+     keeping away from villages, and then crossed the river.  Our thirst
+     was extreme.  M---- had dreadful cramps, so that I had to hold him
+     on the horse.  I was very uneasy about him.  The day before I saw
+     the drummer's wife eating chupatties, and asked her to give a piece
+     to the child, which she did.  I now saw water in a ravine.  The
+     descent was steep, and our only drinkingvessel was M----'s cap.  Our
+     horse got water, and I bathed my neck.  I had no stockings, and my
+     feet were torn and blistered.  Two peasants came in sight, and we
+     were frightened and rode off.  The sergeant held our horse, and
+     M---- put me up and mounted.  I think he must have got suddenly faint,
+     for I fell and he over me, on the road, when the horse started off.
+     Some time before he said, and Barber, too, that he could not live
+     many hours.  I felt he was dying before we came to the ravine.  He
+     told me his wishes about his children and myself, and took leave.
+     My brain seemed burnt up.  No tears came.  As soon as we fell, the
+     sergeant let go the horse, and it went off; so that escape was cut
+     off.  We sat down on the ground waiting for death.  Poor fellow! he
+     was very weak; his thirst was frightful, and I went to get him
+     water.  Some villagers came, and took my rupees and watch.  I took
+     off my wedding-ring, and twisted it in my hair, and replaced the
+     guard.  I tore off the skirt of my dress to bring water in, but was
+     no use, for when I returned my beloved's eyes were fixed, and,
+     though I called and tried to restore him, and poured water into his
+     mouth, it only rattled in his throat.  He never spoke to me again.
+     I held him in my arms till he sank gradually down.  I felt frantic,
+     but could not cry.  I was alone.  I bound his head and face in my
+     dress, for there was no earth to buy him.  The pain in my hands and
+     feet was dreadful.  I went down to the ravine, and sat in the water
+     on a stone, hoping to get off at night and look for Lottie.  When I
+     came back from the water, I saw that they had not taken her little
+     watch, chain, and seals, so I tied them under my petticoat.  In an
+     hour, about thirty villagers came, they dragged me out of the
+     ravine, and took off my jacket, and found the little chain.  They
+     then dragged me to a village, mocking me all the way, and disputing
+     as to whom I was to belong to.  The whole population came to look at
+     me.  I asked for a bedstead, and lay down outside the door of a hut.
+     They had a dozen of cows, and yet refused me milk.  When night came,
+     and the village was quiet, some old woman brought me a leafful of
+     rice.  I was too parched to eat, and they gave me water.  The
+     morning after a neighboring Rajah sent a palanquin and a horseman to
+     fetch me, who told me that a little child and three Sahibs had come
+     to his master's house.  And so the poor mother found her lost one,
+     'greatly blistered,' poor little creature.  It is not for Europeans
+     in India to pray that their flight be not in the winter."
+
+In the first days of June the aged general, Sir Hugh Wheeler commanding
+the forces at Cawnpore, was deserted by his native troops; then he moved
+out of the fort and into an exposed patch of open flat ground and built a
+four-foot mud wall around it.  He had with him a few hundred white
+soldiers and officers, and apparently more women and children than
+soldiers.  He was short of provisions, short of arms, short of
+ammunition, short of military wisdom, short of everything but courage and
+devotion to duty.  The defense of that open lot through twenty-one days
+and nights of hunger, thirst, Indian heat, and a never-ceasing storm of
+bullets, bombs, and cannon-balls--a defense conducted, not by the aged
+and infirm general, but by a young officer named Moore--is one of the
+most heroic episodes in history.  When at last the Nana found it
+impossible to conquer these starving men and women with powder and ball,
+he resorted to treachery, and that succeeded.  He agreed to supply them
+with food and send them to Allahabad in boats.  Their mud wall and their
+barracks were in ruins, their provisions were at the point of exhaustion,
+they had done all that the brave could do, they had conquered an
+honorable compromise,--their forces had been fearfully reduced by
+casualties and by disease, they were not able to continue the contest
+longer.  They came forth helpless but suspecting no treachery, the Nana's
+host closed around them, and at a signal from a trumpet the massacre
+began.  About two hundred women and children were spared--for the
+present--but all the men except three or four were killed.  Among the
+incidents of the massacre quoted by Sir G. O. Trevelyan, is this:
+
+     "When, after the lapse of some twenty minutes, the dead began to
+     outnumber the living;--when the fire slackened, as the marks grew
+     few and far between; then the troopers who had been drawn up to the
+     right of the temple plunged into the river, sabre between teeth, and
+     pistol in hand.  Thereupon two half-caste Christian women, the wives
+     of musicians in the band of the Fifty-sixth, witnessed a scene which
+     should not be related at second-hand.  'In the boat where I was to
+     have gone,' says Mrs. Bradshaw, confirmed throughout by Mrs. Betts,
+     'was the school-mistress and twenty-two misses.  General Wheeler
+     came last in a palkee.  They carried him into the water near the
+     boat.  I stood close by.  He said, 'Carry me a little further
+     towards the boat.' But a trooper said, 'No, get out here.'  As the
+     General got out of the palkee, head-foremost, the trooper gave him a
+     cut with his sword into the neck, and he fell into the water.  My
+     son was killed near him.  I saw it; alas! alas!  Some were stabbed
+     with bayonets; others cut down.  Little infants were torn in pieces.
+     We saw it; we did; and tell you only what we saw.  Other children
+     were stabbed and thrown into the river.  The schoolgirls were burnt
+     to death.  I saw their clothes and hair catch fire.  In the water, a
+     few paces off, by the next boat, we saw the youngest daughter of
+     Colonel Williams.  A sepoy was going to kill her with his bayonet.
+     She said, 'My father was always kind to sepoys.'  He turned away,
+     and just then a villager struck her on the head with a club, and she
+     fell into the water.  These people likewise saw good Mr. Moncrieff,
+     the clergyman, take a book from his pocket that he never had leisure
+     to open, and heard him commence a prayer for mercy which he was not
+     permitted to conclude.  Another deponent observed an European making
+     for a drain like a scared water-rat, when some boatmen, armed with
+     cudgels, cut off his retreat, and beat him down dead into the mud."
+
+The women and children who had been reserved from the massacre were
+imprisoned during a fortnight in a small building, one story high--a
+cramped place, a slightly modified Black Hole of Calcutta.  They were
+waiting in suspense; there was none who could foretaste their fate.
+Meantime the news of the massacre had traveled far and an army of
+rescuers with Havelock at its head was on its way--at least an army which
+hoped to be rescuers.  It was crossing the country by forced marches, and
+strewing its way with its own dead men struck down by cholera, and by a
+heat which reached 135 deg.  It was in a vengeful fury, and it stopped
+for nothing neither heat, nor fatigue, nor disease, nor human opposition.
+It tore its impetuous way through hostile forces, winning victory after
+victory, but still striding on and on, not halting to count results.  And
+at last, after this extraordinary march, it arrived before the walls of
+Cawnpore, met the Nana's massed strength, delivered a crushing defeat,
+and entered.
+
+But too late--only a few hours too late.  For at the last moment the Nana
+had decided upon the massacre of the captive women and children, and had
+commissioned three Mohammedans and two Hindoos to do the work.  Sir G.
+O. Trevelyan says:
+
+     "Thereupon the five men entered.  It was the short gloaming of
+     Hindostan--the hour when ladies take their evening drive.  She who
+     had accosted the officer was standing in the doorway.  With her were
+     the native doctor and two Hindoo menials.  That much of the business
+     might be seen from the veranda, but all else was concealed amidst
+     the interior gloom.  Shrieks and scuffing acquainted those without
+     that the journeymen were earning their hire.  Survur Khan soon
+     emerged with his sword broken off at the hilt.  He procured another
+     from the Nana's house, and a few minutes after appeared again on the
+     same errand.  The third blade was of better temper; or perhaps the
+     thick of the work was already over.  By the time darkness had closed
+     in, the men came forth and locked up the house for the night.  Then
+     the screams ceased, but the groans lasted till morning.
+
+     "The sun rose as usual.  When he had been up nearly three hours the
+     five repaired to the scene of their labors over night.  They were
+     attended by a few sweepers, who proceeded to transfer the contents
+     of the house to a dry well situated behind some trees which grew
+     hard by.  'The bodies,' says one who was present throughout, 'were
+     dragged out, most of them by the hair of the head.  Those who had
+     clothing worth taking were stripped.  Some of the women were alive.
+     I cannot say how many; but three could speak.  They prayed for the
+     sake of God that an end might be put to their sufferings.  I
+     remarked one very stout woman, a half-caste, who was severely
+     wounded in both arms, who entreated to be killed.  She and two or
+     three others were placed against the bank of the cut by which
+     bullocks go down in drawing water.  The dead were first thrown in.
+     Yes: there was a great crowd looking on; they were standing along
+     the walls of the compound.  They were principally city people and
+     villagers.  Yes: there were also sepoys.  Three boys were alive.
+     They were fair children.  The eldest, I think, must have been six or
+     seven, and the youngest five years.  They were running around the
+     well (where else could they go to?), and there was none to save
+     them.  No one said a word or tried to save them.'
+
+     "At length the smallest of them made an infantile attempt to get
+     away.  The little thing had been frightened past bearing by the
+     murder of one of the surviving ladies.  He thus attracted the
+     observation of a native who flung him and his companions down the
+     well."
+
+The soldiers had made a march of eighteen days, almost without rest, to
+save the women and the children, and now they were too late--all were
+dead and the assassin had flown.  What happened then, Trevelyan hesitated
+to put into words.  "Of what took place, the less said is the better."
+
+Then he continues:
+
+     "But there was a spectacle to witness which might excuse much.
+     Those who, straight from the contested field, wandered sobbing
+     through the rooms of the ladies' house, saw what it were well could
+     the outraged earth have straightway hidden.  The inner apartment was
+     ankle-deep in blood.  The plaster was scored with sword-cuts; not
+     high up as where men have fought, but low down, and about the
+     corners, as if a creature had crouched to avoid the blow.  Strips of
+     dresses, vainly tied around the handles of the doors, signified the
+     contrivance to which feminine despair had resorted as a means of
+     keeping out the murderers.  Broken combs were there, and the frills
+     of children's trousers, and torn cuffs and pinafores, and little
+     round hats, and one or two shoes with burst latchets, and one or two
+     daguerreotype cases with cracked glasses.  An officer picked up a
+     few curls, preserved in a bit of cardboard, and marked 'Ned's hair,
+     with love'; but around were strewn locks, some near a yard in
+     length, dissevered, not as a keepsake, by quite other scissors."
+
+The battle of Waterloo was fought on the 18th of June, 1815.  I do not
+state this fact as a reminder to the reader, but as news to him.  For a
+forgotten fact is news when it comes again.  Writers of books have the
+fashion of whizzing by vast and renowned historical events with the
+remark, "The details of this tremendous episode are too familiar to the
+reader to need repeating here."  They know that that is not true.  It is
+a low kind of flattery.  They know that the reader has forgotten every
+detail of it, and that nothing of the tremendous event is left in his
+mind but a vague and formless luminous smudge.  Aside from the desire to
+flatter the reader, they have another reason for making the remark-two
+reasons, indeed.  They do not remember the details themselves, and do not
+want the trouble of hunting them up and copying them out; also, they are
+afraid that if they search them out and print them they will be scoffed
+at by the book-reviewers for retelling those worn old things which are
+familiar to everybody.  They should not mind the reviewer's jeer; he
+doesn't remember any of the worn old things until the book which he is
+reviewing has retold them to him.
+
+I have made the quoted remark myself, at one time and another, but I was
+not doing it to flatter the reader; I was merely doing it to save work.
+If I had known the details without brushing up, I would have put them in;
+but I didn't, and I did not want the labor of posting myself; so I said,
+"The details of this tremendous episode are too familiar to the reader to
+need repeating here."  I do not like that kind of a lie; still, it does
+save work.
+
+I am not trying to get out of repeating the details of the Siege of
+Lucknow in fear of the reviewer; I am not leaving them out in fear that
+they would not interest the reader; I am leaving them out partly to save
+work; mainly for lack of room.  It is a pity, too; for there is not a
+dull place anywhere in the great story.
+
+Ten days before the outbreak (May 10th) of the Mutiny, all was serene at
+Lucknow, the huge capital of Oudh, the kingdom which had recently been
+seized by the India Company.  There was a great garrison, composed of
+about 7,000 native troops and between 700 and 800 whites.  These white
+soldiers and their families were probably the only people of their race
+there; at their elbow was that swarming population of warlike natives, a
+race of born soldiers, brave, daring, and fond of fighting.  On high
+ground just outside the city stood the palace of that great personage,
+the Resident, the representative of British power and authority.  It
+stood in the midst of spacious grounds, with its due complement of
+outbuildings, and the grounds were enclosed by a wall--a wall not for
+defense, but for privacy.  The mutinous spirit was in the air, but the
+whites were not afraid, and did not feel much troubled.
+
+Then came the outbreak at Meerut, then the capture of Delhi by the
+mutineers; in June came the three-weeks leaguer of Sir Hugh Wheeler in
+his open lot at Cawnpore--40 miles distant from Lucknow--then the
+treacherous massacre of that gallant little garrison; and now the great
+revolt was in full flower, and the comfortable condition of things at
+Lucknow was instantly changed.
+
+There was an outbreak there, and Sir Henry Lawrence marched out of the
+Residency on the 30th of June to put it down, but was defeated with heavy
+loss, and had difficulty in getting back again.  That night the memorable
+siege of the Residency--called the siege of Lucknow--began.  Sir Henry
+was killed three days later, and Brigadier Inglis succeeded him in
+command.
+
+Outside of the Residency fence was an immense host of hostile and
+confident native besiegers; inside it were 480 loyal native soldiers, 730
+white ones, and 500 women and children.
+
+In those days the English garrisons always managed to hamper themselves
+sufficiently with women and children.
+
+The natives established themselves in houses close at hand and began to
+rain bullets and cannon-balls into the Residency; and this they kept up,
+night and day, during four months and a half, the little garrison
+industriously replying all the time.  The women and children soon became
+so used to the roar of the guns that it ceased to disturb their sleep.
+The children imitated siege and defense in their play.  The women--with
+any pretext, or with none--would sally out into the storm-swept grounds.
+The defense was kept up week after week, with stubborn fortitude, in the
+midst of death, which came in many forms--by bullet, small-pox, cholera,
+and by various diseases induced by unpalatable and insufficient food, by
+the long hours of wearying and exhausting overwork in the daily and
+nightly battle in the oppressive Indian heat, and by the broken rest
+caused by the intolerable pest of mosquitoes, flies, mice, rats, and
+fleas.
+
+Six weeks after the beginning of the siege more than one-half of the
+original force of white soldiers was dead, and close upon three-fifths of
+the original native force.
+
+But the fighting went on just the same.  The enemy mined, the English
+counter-mined, and, turn about, they blew up each other's posts.  The
+Residency grounds were honey-combed with the enemy's tunnels.  Deadly
+courtesies were constantly exchanged--sorties by the English in the
+night; rushes by the enemy in the night--rushes whose purpose was to
+breach the walls or scale them; rushes which cost heavily, and always
+failed.
+
+The ladies got used to all the horrors of war--the shrieks of mutilated
+men, the sight of blood and death.  Lady Inglis makes this mention in her
+diary:
+
+     "Mrs. Bruere's nurse was carried past our door to-day, wounded in
+     the eye.  To extract the bullet it was found necessary to take out
+     the eye--a fearful operation.  Her mistress held her while it was
+     performed."
+
+The first relieving force failed to relieve.  It was under Havelock and
+Outram; and arrived when the siege had been going on for three months.
+It fought its desperate way to Lucknow, then fought its way through the
+city against odds of a hundred to one, and entered the Residency; but
+there was not enough left of it, then, to do any good.  It lost more men
+in its last fight than it found in the Residency when it got in.  It
+became captive itself.
+
+The fighting and starving and dying by bullets and disease went steadily
+on.  Both sides fought with energy and industry.  Captain Birch puts this
+striking incident in evidence.  He is speaking of the third month of the
+siege:
+
+     "As an instance of the heavy firing brought to bear on our position
+     this month may be mentioned the cutting down of the upper story of a
+     brick building simply by musketry firring.  This building was in a
+     most exposed position.  All the shots which just missed the top of
+     the rampart cut into the dead wall pretty much in a straight line,
+     and at length cut right through and brought the upper story tumbling
+     down.  The upper structure on the top of the brigade-mess also fell
+     in.  The Residency house was a wreck.  Captain Anderson's post had
+     long ago been knocked down, and Innes' post also fell in.  These two
+     were riddled with round shot.  As many as 200 were picked up by
+     Colonel Masters."
+
+The exhausted garrison fought doggedly on all through the next month
+October.  Then, November 2d, news came Sir Colin Campbell's relieving
+force would soon be on its way from Cawnpore.
+
+On the 12th the boom of his guns was heard.
+
+On the 13th the sounds came nearer--he was slowly, but steadily, cutting
+his way through, storming one stronghold after another.
+
+On the 14th he captured the Martiniere College, and ran up the British
+flag there.  It was seen from the Residency.
+
+Next he took the Dilkoosha.
+
+On the 17th he took the former mess-house of the 32d regiment--a
+fortified building, and very strong.  "A most exciting, anxious day,"
+writes Lady Inglis in her diary.  "About 4 P.M., two strange officers
+walked through our yard, leading their horses"--and by that sign she knew
+that communication was established between the forces, that the relief
+was real, this time, and that the long siege of Lucknow was ended.
+
+The last eight or ten miles of Sir Colin Campbell's march was through
+seas of, blood.  The weapon mainly used was the bayonet, the fighting was
+desperate.  The way was mile-stoned with detached strong buildings of
+stone, fortified, and heavily garrisoned, and these had to be taken by
+assault.  Neither side asked for quarter, and neither gave it.  At the
+Secundrabagh, where nearly two thousand of the enemy occupied a great
+stone house in a garden, the work of slaughter was continued until every
+man was killed.  That is a sample of the character of that devastating
+march.
+
+There were but few trees in the plain at that time, and from the
+Residency the progress of the march, step by step, victory by victory,
+could be noted; the ascending clouds of battle-smoke marked the way to
+the eye, and the thunder of the guns marked it to the ear.
+
+Sir Colin Campbell had not come to Lucknow to hold it, but to save the
+occupants of the Residency, and bring them away.  Four or five days after
+his arrival the secret evacuation by the troops took place, in the middle
+of a dark night, by the principal gate, (the Bailie Guard).  The two
+hundred women and two hundred and fifty children had been previously
+removed.  Captain Birch says:
+
+     "And now commenced a movement of the most perfect arrangement and
+     successful generalship--the withdrawal of the whole of the various
+     forces, a combined movement requiring the greatest care and skill.
+     First, the garrison in immediate contact with the enemy at the
+     furthest extremity of the Residency position was marched out.  Every
+     other garrison in turn fell in behind it, and so passed out through
+     the Bailie Guard gate, till the whole of our position was evacuated.
+     Then Havelock's force was similarly withdrawn, post by post,
+     marching in rear of our garrison.  After them in turn came the
+     forces of the Commander-in-Chief, which joined on in the rear of
+     Havelock's force.  Regiment by regiment was withdrawn with--the
+     utmost order and regularity.  The whole operation resembled the
+     movement of a telescope.  Stern silence was kept, and the enemy took
+     no alarm."
+
+Lady Inglis, referring to her husband and to General Sir James Outram,
+sets down the closing detail of this impressive midnight retreat, in
+darkness and by stealth, of this shadowy host through the gate which it
+had defended so long and so well:
+
+     "At twelve precisely they marched out, John and Sir James Outram
+     remaining till all had passed, and then they took off their hats to
+     the Bailie Guard, the scene of as noble a defense as I think history
+     will ever have to relate."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LIX.
+
+Don't part with your illusions.  When they are gone you may still exist
+but you have ceased to live.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Often, the surest way to convey misinformation is to tell the strict
+truth.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We were driven over Sir Colin Campbell's route by a British officer, and
+when I arrived at the Residency I was so familiar with the road that I
+could have led a retreat over it myself; but the compass in my head has
+been out of order from my birth, and so, as soon as I was within the
+battered Bailie Guard and turned about to review the march and imagine
+the relieving forces storming their way along it, everything was upside
+down and wrong end first in a moment, and I was never able to get
+straightened out again.  And now, when I look at the battle-plan, the
+confusion remains.  In me the east was born west, the battle-plans which
+have the east on the right-hand side are of no use to me.
+
+The Residency ruins are draped with flowering vines, and are impressive
+and beautiful.  They and the grounds are sacred now, and will suffer no
+neglect nor be profaned by any sordid or commercial use while the British
+remain masters of India.  Within the grounds are buried the dead who gave
+up their lives there in the long siege.
+
+After a fashion, I was able to imagine the fiery storm that raged night
+and day over the place during so many months, and after a fashion I could
+imagine the men moving through it, but I could not satisfactorily place
+the 200 women, and I could do nothing at all with the 250 children.  I
+knew by Lady Inglis' diary that the children carried on their small
+affairs very much as if blood and carnage and the crash and thunder of a
+siege were natural and proper features of nursery life, and I tried to
+realize it; but when her little Johnny came rushing, all excitement,
+through the din and smoke, shouting, "Oh, mamma, the white hen has laid
+an egg!"  I saw that I could not do it.  Johnny's place was under the
+bed.  I could imagine him there, because I could imagine myself there;
+and I think I should not have been interested in a hen that was laying an
+egg; my interest would have been with the parties that were laying the
+bombshells.  I sat at dinner with one of those children in the Club's
+Indian palace, and I knew that all through the siege he was perfecting
+his teething and learning to talk; and while to me he was the most
+impressive object in Lucknow after the Residency ruins, I was not able to
+imagine what his life had been during that tempestuous infancy of his,
+nor what sort of a curious surprise it must have been to him to be
+marched suddenly out into a strange dumb world where there wasn't any
+noise, and nothing going on.  He was only forty-one when I saw him, a
+strangely youthful link to connect the present with so ancient an episode
+as the Great Mutiny.
+
+By and by we saw Cawnpore, and the open lot which was the scene of
+Moore's memorable defense, and the spot on the shore of the Ganges where
+the massacre of the betrayed garrison occurred, and the small Indian
+temple whence the bugle-signal notified the assassins to fall on.  This
+latter was a lonely spot, and silent.  The sluggish river drifted by,
+almost currentless.  It was dead low water, narrow channels with vast
+sandbars between, all the way across the wide bed; and the only living
+thing in sight was that grotesque and solemn bald-headed bird, the
+Adjutant, standing on his six-foot stilts, solitary on a distant bar,
+with his head sunk between his shoulders, thinking; thinking of his
+prize, I suppose--the dead Hindoo that lay awash at his feet, and whether
+to eat him alone or invite friends.  He and his prey were a proper accent
+to that mournful place.  They were in keeping with it, they emphasized
+its loneliness and its solemnity.
+
+And we saw the scene of the slaughter of the helpless women and children,
+and also the costly memorial that is built over the well which contains
+their remains.  The Black Hole of Calcutta is gone, but a more reverent
+age is come, and whatever remembrancer still exists of the moving and
+heroic sufferings and achievements of the garrisons of Lucknow and
+Cawnpore will be guarded and preserved.
+
+In Agra and its neighborhood, and afterwards at Delhi, we saw forts,
+mosques, and tombs, which were built in the great days of the Mohammedan
+emperors, and which are marvels of cost, magnitude, and richness of
+materials and ornamentation, creations of surpassing grandeur, wonders
+which do indeed make the like things in the rest of the world seem tame
+and inconsequential by comparison.  I am not purposing to describe them.
+By good fortune I had not read too much about them, and therefore was
+able to get a natural and rational focus upon them, with the result that
+they thrilled, blessed, and exalted me.  But if I had previously
+overheated my imagination by drinking too much pestilential literary hot
+Scotch, I should have suffered disappointment and sorrow.
+
+I mean to speak of only one of these many world-renowned buildings, the
+Taj Mahal, the most celebrated construction in the earth.  I had read a
+great deal too much about it.  I saw it in the daytime, I saw it in the
+moonlight, I saw it near at hand, I saw it from a distance; and I knew
+all the time, that of its kind it was the wonder of the world, with no
+competitor now and no possible future competitor; and yet, it was not my
+Taj.  My Taj had been built by excitable literary people; it was solidly
+lodged in my head, and I could not blast it out.
+
+I wish to place before the reader some of the usual descriptions of the
+Taj, and ask him to take note of the impressions left in his mind.  These
+descriptions do really state the truth--as nearly as the limitations of
+language will allow.  But language is a treacherous thing, a most unsure
+vehicle, and it can seldom arrange descriptive words in such a way that
+they will not inflate the facts--by help of the reader's imagination,
+which is always ready to take a hand, and work for nothing, and do the
+bulk of it at that.
+
+I will begin with a few sentences from the excellent little local
+guide-book of Mr. Satya Chandra Mukerji.  I take them from here and there
+in his description:
+
+     "The inlaid work of the Taj and the flowers and petals that are to
+     be found on all sides on the surface of the marble evince a most
+     delicate touch."
+
+That is true.
+
+     "The inlaid work, the marble, the flowers, the buds, the leaves, the
+     petals, and the lotus stems are almost without a rival in the whole
+     of the civilized world."
+
+     "The work of inlaying with stones and gems is found in the highest
+     perfection in the Taj."
+
+Gems, inlaid flowers, buds, and leaves to be found on all sides.  What do
+you see before you?  Is the fairy structure growing?  Is it becoming a
+jewel casket?
+
+     "The whole of the Taj produces a wonderful effect that is equally
+     sublime and beautiful."
+
+Then Sir William Wilson Hunter:
+
+     "The Taj Mahal with its beautiful domes, 'a dream of marble,' rises
+     on the river bank."
+
+     "The materials are white marble and red sandstone."
+
+     "The complexity of its design and the delicate intricacy of the
+     workmanship baffle description."
+
+Sir William continues.  I will italicize some of his words:
+
+     "The mausoleum stands on a raised marble platform at each of whose
+     corners rises a tall and slender minaret of graceful proportions and
+     of exquisite beauty.  Beyond the platform stretch the two wings, one
+     of which is itself a mosque of great architectural merit.  In the
+     center of the whole design the mausoleum occupies a square of 186
+     feet, with the angles deeply truncated so also form an unequal
+     octagon.  The main feature in this central pile is the great dome,
+     which swells upward to nearly two-thirds of a sphere and tapers at
+     its extremity into a pointed spire crowned by a crescent.  Beneath
+     it an enclosure of marble trellis-work surrounds the tomb of the
+     princess and of her husband, the Emperor.  Each corner of the
+     mausoleum is covered by a similar though much smaller dome erected
+     on a pediment pierced with graceful Saracenic arches.  Light is
+     admitted into the interior through a double screen of pierced
+     marble, which tempers the glare of an Indian sky while its whiteness
+     prevents the mellow effect from degenerating into gloom.  The
+     internal decorations consist of inlaid work in precious stones, such
+     as agate, jasper, etc., with which every squandril or salient point
+     in the architecture is richly fretted.  Brown and violet marble is
+     also freely employed in wreaths, scrolls, and lintels to relieve the
+     monotony of white wall.  In regard to color and design, the interior
+     of the Taj may rank first in the world for purely decorative
+     workmanship; while the perfect symmetry of its exterior, once seen
+     can never be forgotten, nor the aerial grace of its domes, rising
+     like marble bubbles into the clear sky.  The Taj represents the most
+     highly elaborated stage of ornamentation reached by the
+     Indo-Mohammedan builders, the stage in which the architect ends and
+     the jeweler begins.  In its magnificent gateway the diagonal
+     ornamentation at the corners, which satisfied the designers of the
+     gateways of Itimad-ud-doulah and Sikandra mausoleums is superseded
+     by fine marble cables, in bold twists, strong and handsome.  The
+     triangular insertions of white marble and large flowers have in like
+     manner given place to fine inlaid work.  Firm perpendicular lines in
+     black marble with well proportioned panels of the same material are
+     effectively used in the interior of the gateway.  On its top the
+     Hindu brackets and monolithic architraves of Sikandra are replaced
+     by Moorish carped arches, usually single blocks of red sandstone, in
+     the Kiosks and pavilions which adorn the roof.  From the pillared
+     pavilions a magnificent view is obtained of the Taj gardens below,
+     with the noble Jumna river at their farther end, and the city and
+     fort of Agra in the distance.  From this beautiful and splendid
+     gateway one passes up a straight alley shaded by evergreen trees
+     cooled by a broad shallow piece of water running along the middle of
+     the path to the Taj itself.  The Taj is entirely of marble and gems.
+     The red sandstone of the other Mohammedan buildings has entirely
+     disappeared, or rather the red sandstone which used to form the
+     thickness of the walls, is in the Taj itself overlaid completely
+     with white marble, and the white marble is itself inlaid with
+     precious stones arranged in lovely patterns of flowers.  A feeling
+     of purity impresses itself on the eye and the mind from the absence
+     of the coarser material which forms so invariable a material in Agra
+     architecture.  The lower wall and panels are covered with tulips,
+     oleanders, and fullblown lilies, in flat carving on the white
+     marble; and although the inlaid work of flowers done in gems is very
+     brilliant when looked at closely, there is on the whole but little
+     color, and the all-prevailing sentiment is one of whiteness,
+     silence, and calm.  The whiteness is broken only by the fine color
+     of the inlaid gems, by lines in black marble, and by delicately
+     written inscriptions, also in black, from the Koran.  Under the dome
+     of the vast mausoleum a high and beautiful screen of open tracery in
+     white marble rises around the two tombs, or rather cenotaphs of the
+     emperor and his princess; and in this marvel of marble the carving
+     has advanced from the old geometrical patterns to a trellis-work of
+     flowers and foliage, handled with great freedom and spirit.  The two
+     cenotaphs in the center of the exquisite enclosure have no carving
+     except the plain Kalamdan or oblong pen-box on the tomb of Emperor
+     Shah Jehan.  But both cenotaphs are inlaid with flowers made of
+     costly gems, and with the ever graceful oleander scroll."
+
+Bayard Taylor, after describing the details of the Taj, goes on to say:
+
+     "On both sides the palm, the banyan, and the feathery bamboo mingle
+     their foliage; the song of birds meets your ears, and the odor of
+     roses and lemon flowers sweetens the air.  Down such a vista and
+     over such a foreground rises the Taj.  There is no mystery, no sense
+     of partial failure about the Taj.  A thing of perfect beauty and of
+     absolute finish in every detail, it might pass for the work of genii
+     who knew naught of the weaknesses and ills with which mankind are
+     beset."
+
+All of these details are true.  But, taken together, they state a
+falsehood--to you.  You cannot add them up correctly.  Those writers know
+the values of their words and phrases, but to you the words and phrases
+convey other and uncertain values.  To those writers their phrases have
+values which I think I am now acquainted with; and for the help of the
+reader I will here repeat certain of those words and phrases, and follow
+them with numerals which shall represent those values--then we shall see
+the difference between a writer's ciphering and a mistaken reader's--
+
+Precious stones, such as agate, jasper, etc.--5.
+
+With which every salient point is richly fretted--5.
+
+First in the world for purely decorative workmanship--9.
+
+The Taj represents the stage where the architect ends and the jeweler
+begins--5.
+
+The Taj is entirely of marble and gems--7.
+
+Inlaid with precious stones in lovely patterns of flowers--5.
+
+The inlaid work of flowers done in gems is very brilliant
+(followed by a most important modification which the reader is sure to
+read too carelessly)--2.
+
+The vast mausoleum--5.
+
+This marvel of marble--5.
+
+The exquisite enclosure--5.
+
+Inlaid with flowers made of costly gems--5.
+
+A thing of perfect beauty and absolute finish--5.
+
+
+Those details are correct; the figures which I have placed after them
+represent quite fairly their individual, values.  Then why, as a whole,
+do they convey a false impression to the reader?  It is because the
+reader--beguiled by, his heated imagination--masses them in the wrong
+way.  The writer would mass the first three figures in the following way,
+and they would speak the truth
+
+Total--19
+
+But the reader masses them thus--and then they tell a lie--559.
+
+The writer would add all of his twelve numerals together, and then the
+sum would express the whole truth about the Taj, and the truth only--63.
+
+But the reader--always helped by his imagination--would put the figures
+in a row one after the other, and get this sum, which would tell him a
+noble big lie:
+
+559575255555.
+
+You must put in the commas yourself; I have to go on with my work.
+
+The reader will always be sure to put the figures together in that wrong
+way, and then as surely before him will stand, sparkling in the sun, a
+gem-crusted Taj tall as the Matterhorn.
+
+I had to visit Niagara fifteen times before I succeeded in getting my
+imaginary Falls gauged to the actuality and could begin to sanely and
+wholesomely wonder at them for what they were, not what I had expected
+them to be.  When I first approached them it was with my face lifted
+toward the sky, for I thought I was going to see an Atlantic ocean
+pouring down thence over cloud-vexed Himalayan heights, a sea-green wall
+of water sixty miles front and six miles high, and so, when the toy
+reality came suddenly into view--that beruiled little wet apron hanging
+out to dry--the shock was too much for me, and I fell with a dull thud.
+
+Yet slowly, surely, steadily, in the course of my fifteen visits, the
+proportions adjusted themselves to the facts, and I came at last to
+realize that a waterfall a hundred and sixty-five feet high and a quarter
+of a mile wide was an impressive thing.  It was not a dipperful to my
+vanished great vision, but it would answer.
+
+I know that I ought to do with the Taj as I was obliged to do with
+Niagara--see it fifteen times, and let my mind gradually get rid of the
+Taj built in it by its describers, by help of my imagination, and
+substitute for it the Taj of fact.  It would be noble and fine, then, and
+a marvel; not the marvel which it replaced, but still a marvel, and fine
+enough.  I am a careless reader, I suppose--an impressionist reader; an
+impressionist reader of what is not an impressionist picture; a reader
+who overlooks the informing details or masses their sum improperly, and
+gets only a large splashy, general effect--an effect which is not
+correct, and which is not warranted by the particulars placed before me
+particulars which I did not examine, and whose meanings I did not
+cautiously and carefully estimate.  It is an effect which is some
+thirty-five or forty times finer than the reality, and is therefore a
+great deal better and more valuable than the reality; and so, I ought
+never to hunt up the reality, but stay miles away from it, and thus
+preserve undamaged my own private mighty Niagara tumbling out of the
+vault of heaven, and my own ineffable Taj, built of tinted mists upon
+jeweled arches of rainbows supported by colonnades of moonlight.  It is a
+mistake for a person with an unregulated imagination to go and look at an
+illustrious world's wonder.
+
+I suppose that many, many years ago I gathered the idea that the Taj's
+place in the achievements of man was exactly the place of the ice-storm
+in the achievements of Nature; that the Taj represented man's supremest
+possibility in the creation of grace and beauty and exquisiteness and
+splendor, just as the ice-storm represents Nature's supremest possibility
+in the combination of those same qualities.  I do not know how long ago
+that idea was bred in me, but I know that I cannot remember back to a
+time when the thought of either of these symbols of gracious and
+unapproachable perfection did not at once suggest the other.  If I
+thought of the ice-storm, the Taj rose before me divinely beautiful; if I
+thought of the Taj, with its encrustings and inlayings of jewels, the
+vision of the ice-storm rose.  And so, to me, all these years, the Taj
+has had no rival among the temples and palaces of men, none that even
+remotely approached it it was man's architectural ice-storm.
+
+Here in London the other night I was talking with some Scotch and English
+friends, and I mentioned the ice-storm, using it as a figure--a figure
+which failed, for none of them had heard of the ice-storm.  One
+gentleman, who was very familiar with American literature, said he had
+never seen it mentioned in any book.  That is strange.  And I, myself,
+was not able to say that I had seen it mentioned in a book; and yet the
+autumn foliage, with all other American scenery, has received full and
+competent attention.
+
+The oversight is strange, for in America the ice-storm is an event.  And
+it is not an event which one is careless about.  When it comes, the news
+flies from room to room in the house, there are bangings on the doors,
+and shoutings, "The ice-storm! the ice-storm!" and even the laziest
+sleepers throw off the covers and join the rush for the windows.  The
+ice-storm occurs in midwinter, and usually its enchantments are wrought
+in the silence and the darkness of the night.  A fine drizzling rain
+falls hour after hour upon the naked twigs and branches of the trees, and
+as it falls it freezes.  In time the trunk and every branch and twig are
+incased in hard pure ice; so that the tree looks like a skeleton tree
+made all of glass--glass that is crystal-clear.  All along the underside
+of every branch and twig is a comb of little icicles--the frozen drip.
+Sometimes these pendants do not quite amount to icicles, but are round
+beads--frozen tears.
+
+The weather clears, toward dawn, and leaves a brisk pure atmosphere and a
+sky without a shred of cloud in it--and everything is still, there is not
+a breath of wind.  The dawn breaks and spreads, the news of the storm
+goes about the house, and the little and the big, in wraps and blankets,
+flock to the window and press together there, and gaze intently out upon
+the great white ghost in the grounds, and nobody says a word, nobody
+stirs.  All are waiting; they know what is coming, and they are waiting
+waiting for the miracle.  The minutes drift on and on and on, with not a
+sound but the ticking of the clock; at last the sun fires a sudden sheaf
+of rays into the ghostly tree and turns it into a white splendor of
+glittering diamonds.  Everybody catches his breath, and feels a swelling
+in his throat and a moisture in his eyes-but waits again; for he knows
+what is coming; there is more yet.  The sun climbs higher, and still
+higher, flooding the tree from its loftiest spread of branches to its
+lowest, turning it to a glory of white fire; then in a moment, without
+warning, comes the great miracle, the supreme miracle, the miracle
+without its fellow in the earth; a gust of wind sets every branch and
+twig to swaying, and in an instant turns the whole white tree into a
+spouting and spraying explosion of flashing gems of every conceivable
+color; and there it stands and sways this way and that, flash! flash!
+flash! a dancing and glancing world of rubies, emeralds, diamonds,
+sapphires, the most radiant spectacle, the most blinding spectacle, the
+divinest, the most exquisite, the most intoxicating vision of fire and
+color and intolerable and unimaginable splendor that ever any eye has
+rested upon in this world, or will ever rest upon outside of the gates of
+heaven.
+
+By, all my senses, all my faculties, I know that the icestorm is Nature's
+supremest achievement in the domain of the superb and the beautiful; and
+by my reason, at least, I know that the Taj is man's ice-storm.
+
+In the ice-storm every one of the myriad ice-beads pendant from twig and
+branch is an individual gem, and changes color with every motion caused
+by the wind; each tree carries a million, and a forest-front exhibits the
+splendors of the single tree multiplied by a thousand.
+
+It occurs to me now that I have never seen the ice-storm put upon canvas,
+and have not heard that any painter has tried to do it.  I wonder why
+that is.  Is it that paint cannot counterfeit the intense blaze of a
+sun-flooded jewel?  There should be, and must be, a reason, and a good one,
+why the most enchanting sight that Nature has created has been neglected
+by the brush.
+
+Often, the surest way to convey misinformation is to tell the strict
+truth.  The describers of the Taj have used the word gem in its strictest
+sense--its scientific sense.  In that sense it is a mild word, and
+promises but little to the eye-nothing bright, nothing brilliant, nothing
+sparkling, nothing splendid in the way of color.  It accurately describes
+the sober and unobtrusive gem-work of the Taj; that is, to the very
+highly-educated one person in a thousand; but it most falsely describes
+it to the 999.  But the 999 are the people who ought to be especially
+taken care of, and to them it does not mean quiet-colored designs wrought
+in carnelians, or agates, or such things; they know the word in its wide
+and ordinary sense only, and so to them it means diamonds and rubies and
+opals and their kindred, and the moment their eyes fall upon it in print
+they see a vision of glorious colors clothed in fire.
+
+These describers are writing for the "general," and so, in order to make
+sure of being understood, they ought to use words in their ordinary
+sense, or else explain.  The word fountain means one thing in Syria,
+where there is but a handful of people; it means quite another thing in
+North America, where there are 75,000,000.  If I were describing some
+Syrian scenery, and should exclaim, "Within the narrow space of a quarter
+of a mile square I saw, in the glory of the flooding moonlight, two
+hundred noble fountains--imagine the spectacle!" the North American would
+have a vision of clustering columns of water soaring aloft, bending over
+in graceful arches, bursting in beaded spray and raining white fire in
+the moonlight-and he would be deceived.  But the Syrian would not be
+deceived; he would merely see two hundred fresh-water springs--two
+hundred drowsing puddles, as level and unpretentious and unexcited as so
+many door-mats, and even with the help of the moonlight he would not lose
+his grip in the presence of the exhibition.  My word "fountain" would be
+correct; it would speak the strict truth; and it would convey the strict
+truth to the handful of Syrians, and the strictest misinformation to the
+North American millions.  With their gems--and gems--and more gems--and
+gems again--and still other gems--the describers of the Taj are within
+their legal but not their moral rights; they are dealing in the strictest
+scientific truth; and in doing it they succeed to admiration in telling
+"what ain't so."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LX.
+
+SATAN (impatiently) to NEW-COMER.  The trouble with you Chicago people
+is, that you think you are the best people down here; whereas you are
+merely the most numerous.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We wandered contentedly around here and there in India; to Lahore, among
+other places, where the Lieutenant-Governor lent me an elephant.  This
+hospitality stands out in my experiences in a stately isolation.  It was
+a fine elephant, affable, gentlemanly, educated, and I was not afraid of
+it.  I even rode it with confidence through the crowded lanes of the
+native city, where it scared all the horses out of their senses, and
+where children were always just escaping its feet.  It took the middle of
+the road in a fine independent way, and left it to the world to get out
+of the way or take the consequences.  I am used to being afraid of
+collisions when I ride or drive, but when one is on top of an elephant
+that feeling is absent.  I could have ridden in comfort through a
+regiment of runaway teams.  I could easily learn to prefer an elephant to
+any other vehicle, partly because of that immunity from collisions, and
+partly because of the fine view one has from up there, and partly because
+of the dignity one feels in that high place, and partly because one can
+look in at the windows and see what is going on privately among the
+family.  The Lahore horses were used to elephants, but they were
+rapturously afraid of them just the same.  It seemed curious.  Perhaps
+the better they know the elephant the more they respect him in that
+peculiar way.  In our own case--we are not afraid of dynamite till we get
+acquainted with it.
+
+We drifted as far as Rawal Pindi, away up on the Afghan frontier--I think
+it was the Afghan frontier, but it may have been Hertzegovina--it was
+around there somewhere--and down again to Delhi, to see the ancient
+architectural wonders there and in Old Delhi and not describe them, and
+also to see the scene of the illustrious assault, in the Mutiny days,
+when the British carried Delhi by storm, one of the marvels of history
+for impudent daring and immortal valor.
+
+We had a refreshing rest, there in Delhi, in a great old mansion which
+possessed historical interest.  It was built by a rich Englishman who had
+become orientalized--so much so that he had a zenana.  But he was a
+broadminded man, and remained so.  To please his harem he built a mosque;
+to please himself he built an English church.  That kind of a man will
+arrive, somewhere.  In the Mutiny days the mansion was the British
+general's headquarters.  It stands in a great garden--oriental fashion
+--and about it are many noble trees.  The trees harbor monkeys; and they
+are monkeys of a watchful and enterprising sort, and not much troubled
+with fear.  They invade the house whenever they get a chance, and carry
+off everything they don't want.  One morning the master of the house was
+in his bath, and the window was open.  Near it stood a pot of yellow
+paint and a brush.  Some monkeys appeared in the window; to scare them
+away, the gentleman threw his sponge at them.  They did not scare at all;
+they jumped into the room and threw yellow paint all over him from the
+brush, and drove him out; then they painted the walls and the floor and
+the tank and the windows and the furniture yellow, and were in the
+dressing-room painting that when help arrived and routed them.
+
+Two of these creatures came into my room in the early morning, through a
+window whose shutters I had left open, and when I woke one of them was
+before the glass brushing his hair, and the other one had my note-book,
+and was reading a page of humorous notes and crying.  I did not mind the
+one with the hair-brush, but the conduct of the other one hurt me; it
+hurts me yet.  I threw something at him, and that was wrong, for my host
+had told me that the monkeys were best left alone.  They threw everything
+at me that they could lift, and then went into the bathroom to get some
+more things, and I shut the door on them.
+
+At Jeypore, in Rajputana, we made a considerable stay.  We were not in
+the native city, but several miles from it, in the small European
+official suburb.  There were but few Europeans--only fourteen but they
+were all kind and hospitable, and it amounted to being at home.  In
+Jeypore we found again what we had found all about India--that while the
+Indian servant is in his way a very real treasure, he will sometimes bear
+watching, and the Englishman watches him.  If he sends him on an errand,
+he wants more than the man's word for it that he did the errand.  When
+fruit and vegetables were sent to us, a "chit" came with them--a receipt
+for us to sign; otherwise the things might not arrive.  If a gentleman
+sent up his carriage, the chit stated "from" such-and-such an hour "to"
+such-and-such an hour--which made it unhandy for the coachman and his two
+or three subordinates to put us off with a part of the allotted time and
+devote the rest of it to a lark of their own.
+
+We were pleasantly situated in a small two-storied inn, in an empty large
+compound which was surrounded by a mud wall as high as a man's head.  The
+inn was kept by nine Hindoo brothers, its owners.  They lived, with their
+families, in a one-storied building within the compound, but off to one
+side, and there was always a long pile of their little comely brown
+children loosely stacked in its veranda, and a detachment of the parents
+wedged among them, smoking the hookah or the howdah, or whatever they
+call it.  By the veranda stood a palm, and a monkey lived in it, and led
+a lonesome life, and always looked sad and weary, and the crows bothered
+him a good deal.
+
+The inn cow poked about the compound and emphasized the secluded and
+country air of the place, and there was a dog of no particular breed, who
+was always present in the compound, and always asleep, always stretched
+out baking in the sun and adding to the deep tranquility and
+reposefulness of the place, when the crows were away on business.
+White-draperied servants were coming and going all the time, but they
+seemed only spirits, for their feet were bare and made no sound.  Down
+the lane a piece lived an elephant in the shade of a noble tree, and
+rocked and rocked, and reached about with his trunk, begging of his brown
+mistress or fumbling the children playing at his feet.  And there were
+camels about, but they go on velvet feet, and were proper to the silence
+and serenity of the surroundings.
+
+The Satan mentioned at the head of this chapter was not our Satan, but
+the other one.  Our Satan was lost to us.  In these later days he had
+passed out of our life--lamented by me, and sincerely.  I was missing
+him; I am missing him yet, after all these months.  He was an astonishing
+creature to fly around and do things.  He didn't always do them quite
+right, but he did them, and did them suddenly.  There was no time wasted.
+You would say:
+
+"Pack the trunks and bags, Satan."
+
+"Wair good" (very good).
+
+Then there would be a brief sound of thrashing and slashing and humming
+and buzzing, and a spectacle as of a whirlwind spinning gowns and jackets
+and coats and boots and things through the air, and then with bow and
+touch--
+
+"Awready, master."
+
+It was wonderful.  It made one dizzy.  He crumpled dresses a good deal,
+and he had no particular plan about the work--at first--except to put
+each article into the trunk it didn't belong in.  But he soon reformed,
+in this matter.  Not entirely; for, to the last, he would cram into the
+satchel sacred to literature any odds and ends of rubbish that he
+couldn't find a handy place for elsewhere.  When threatened with death
+for this, it did not trouble him; he only looked pleasant, saluted with
+soldierly grace, said "Wair good," and did it again next day.
+
+He was always busy; kept the rooms tidied up, the boots polished, the
+clothes brushed, the wash-basin full of clean water, my dress clothes
+laid out and ready for the lecture-hall an hour ahead of time; and he
+dressed me from head to heel in spite of my determination to do it
+myself, according to my lifelong custom.
+
+He was a born boss, and loved to command, and to jaw and dispute with
+inferiors and harry them and bullyrag them.  He was fine at the railway
+station--yes, he was at his finest there.  He would shoulder and plunge
+and paw his violent way through the packed multitude of natives with
+nineteen coolies at his tail, each bearing a trifle of luggage--one a
+trunk, another a parasol, another a shawl, another a fan, and so on; one
+article to each, and the longer the procession, the better he was suited
+--and he was sure to make for some engaged sleeper and begin to hurl the
+owner's things out of it, swearing that it was ours and that there had
+been a mistake.  Arrived at our own sleeper, he would undo the
+bedding-bundles and make the beds and put everything to rights and
+shipshape in two minutes; then put his head out at, a window and have a
+restful good time abusing his gang of coolies and disputing their bill
+until we arrived and made him pay them and stop his noise.
+
+Speaking of noise, he certainly was the noisest little devil in India
+--and that is saying much, very much, indeed.  I loved him for his noise,
+but the family detested him for it.  They could not abide it; they could
+not get reconciled to it.  It humiliated them.  As a rule, when we got
+within six hundred yards of one of those big railway stations, a mighty
+racket of screaming and shrieking and shouting and storming would break
+upon us, and I would be happy to myself, and the family would say, with
+shame:
+
+"There--that's Satan.  Why do you keep him?"
+
+And, sure enough, there in the whirling midst of fifteen hundred
+wondering people we would find that little scrap of a creature
+gesticulating like a spider with the colic, his black eyes snapping, his
+fez-tassel dancing, his jaws pouring out floods of billingsgate upon his
+gang of beseeching and astonished coolies.
+
+I loved him; I couldn't help it; but the family--why, they could hardly
+speak of him with patience.  To this day I regret his loss, and wish I
+had him back; but they--it is different with them.  He was a native, and
+came from Surat.  Twenty degrees of latitude lay between his birthplace
+and Manuel's, and fifteen hundred between their ways and characters and
+dispositions.  I only liked Manuel, but I loved Satan.  This latter's
+real name was intensely Indian.  I could not quite get the hang of it,
+but it sounded like Bunder Rao Ram Chunder Clam Chowder.  It was too long
+for handy use, anyway; so I reduced it.
+
+When he had been with us two or three weeks, he began to make mistakes
+which I had difficulty in patching up for him.  Approaching Benares one
+day, he got out of the train to see if he could get up a misunderstanding
+with somebody, for it had been a weary, long journey and he wanted to
+freshen up.  He found what he was after, but kept up his pow-wow a shade
+too long and got left.  So there we were in a strange city and no
+chambermaid.  It was awkward for us, and we told him he must not do so
+any more.  He saluted and said in his dear, pleasant way, "Wair good."
+Then at Lucknow he got drunk.  I said it was a fever, and got the
+family's compassion, and solicitude aroused; so they gave him a
+teaspoonful of liquid quinine and it set his vitals on fire.  He made
+several grimaces which gave me a better idea of the Lisbon earthquake
+than any I have ever got of it from paintings and descriptions.  His
+drunk was still portentously solid next morning, but I could have pulled
+him through with the family if he would only have taken another spoonful
+of that remedy; but no, although he was stupefied, his memory still had
+flickerings of life; so he smiled a divinely dull smile and said,
+fumblingly saluting:
+
+"Scoose me, mem Saheb, scoose me, Missy Saheb; Satan not prefer it,
+please."
+
+Then some instinct revealed to them that he was drunk.  They gave him
+prompt notice that next time this happened he must go.  He got out a
+maudlin and most gentle "Wair good," and saluted indefinitely.
+
+Only one short week later he fell again.  And oh, sorrow! not in a hotel
+this time, but in an English gentleman's private house.  And in Agra, of
+all places.  So he had to go.  When I told him, he said patiently, "Wair
+good," and made his parting salute, and went out from us to return no
+more forever.  Dear me!  I would rather have lost a hundred angels than
+that one poor lovely devil.  What style he used to put on, in a swell
+hotel or in a private house--snow-white muslin from his chin to his bare
+feet, a crimson sash embroidered with gold thread around his waist, and
+on his head a great sea-green turban like to the turban of the Grand
+Turk.
+
+He was not a liar; but he will become one if he keeps on.  He told me
+once that he used to crack cocoanuts with his teeth when he was a boy;
+and when I asked how he got them into his mouth, he said he was upward of
+six feet high at that time, and had an unusual mouth.  And when I
+followed him up and asked him what had become of that other foot, he said
+a house fell on him and he was never able to get his stature back again.
+Swervings like these from the strict line of fact often beguile a
+truthful man on and on until he eventually becomes a liar.
+
+His successor was a Mohammedan, Sahadat Mohammed Khan; very dark, very
+tall, very grave.  He went always in flowing masses of white, from the
+top of his big turban down to his bare feet.  His voice was low.  He
+glided about in a noiseless way, and looked like a ghost.  He was
+competent and satisfactory.  But where he was, it seemed always Sunday.
+It was not so in Satan's time.
+
+Jeypore is intensely Indian, but it has two or three features which
+indicate the presence of European science and European interest in the
+weal of the common public, such as the liberal water-supply furnished by
+great works built at the State's expense; good sanitation, resulting in a
+degree of healthfulness unusually high for India; a noble pleasure
+garden, with privileged days for women; schools for the instruction of
+native youth in advanced art, both ornamental and utilitarian; and a new
+and beautiful palace stocked with a museum of extraordinary interest and
+value.  Without the Maharaja's sympathy and purse these beneficences
+could not have been created; but he is a man of wide views and large
+generosities, and all such matters find hospitality with him.
+
+We drove often to the city from the hotel Kaiser-i-Hind, a journey which
+was always full of interest, both night and day, for that country road
+was never quiet, never empty, but was always India in motion, always a
+streaming flood of brown people clothed in smouchings from the rainbow, a
+tossing and moiling flood, happy, noisy, a charming and satisfying
+confusion of strange human and strange animal life and equally strange
+and outlandish vehicles.
+
+And the city itself is a curiosity.  Any Indian city is that, but this
+one is not like any other that we saw.  It is shut up in a lofty turreted
+wall; the main body of it is divided into six parts by perfectly straight
+streets that are more than a hundred feet wide; the blocks of houses
+exhibit a long frontage of the most taking architectural quaintnesses,
+the straight lines being broken everywhere by pretty little balconies,
+pillared and highly ornamented, and other cunning and cozy and inviting
+perches and projections, and many of the fronts are curiously pictured by
+the brush, and the whole of them have the soft rich tint of strawberry
+ice-cream.  One cannot look down the far stretch of the chief street and
+persuade himself that these are real houses, and that it is all out of
+doors--the impression that it is an unreality, a picture, a scene in a
+theater, is the only one that will take hold.
+
+Then there came a great day when this illusion was more pronounced than
+ever.  A rich Hindoo had been spending a fortune upon the manufacture of
+a crowd of idols and accompanying paraphernalia whose purpose was to
+illustrate scenes in the life of his especial god or saint, and this fine
+show was to be brought through the town in processional state at ten in
+the morning.  As we passed through the great public pleasure garden on
+our way to the city we found it crowded with natives.  That was one
+sight.  Then there was another.  In the midst of the spacious lawns
+stands the palace which contains the museum--a beautiful construction of
+stone which shows arched colonnades, one above another, and receding,
+terrace-fashion, toward the sky.  Every one of these terraces, all the
+way to the top one, was packed and jammed with natives.  One must try to
+imagine those solid masses of splendid color, one above another, up and
+up, against the blue sky, and the Indian sun turning them all to beds of
+fire and flame.
+
+Later, when we reached the city, and glanced down the chief avenue,
+smouldering in its crushed-strawberry tint, those splendid effects were
+repeated; for every balcony, and every fanciful bird-cage of a snuggery
+countersunk in the house-fronts, and all the long lines of roofs were
+crowded with people, and each crowd was an explosion of brilliant color.
+
+Then the wide street itself, away down and down and down into the
+distance, was alive with gorgeously-clothed people not still, but moving,
+swaying, drifting, eddying, a delirious display of all colors and all
+shades of color, delicate, lovely, pale, soft, strong, stunning, vivid,
+brilliant, a sort of storm of sweetpea blossoms passing on the wings of a
+hurricane; and presently, through this storm of color, came swaying and
+swinging the majestic elephants, clothed in their Sunday best of
+gaudinesses, and the long procession of fanciful trucks freighted with
+their groups of curious and costly images, and then the long rearguard of
+stately camels, with their picturesque riders.
+
+For color, and picturesqueness, and novelty, and outlandishness, and
+sustained interest and fascination, it was the most satisfying show I had
+ever seen, and I suppose I shall not have the privilege of looking upon
+its like again.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXI.
+
+In the first place God made idiots.  This was for practice.  Then He made
+School Boards.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Suppose we applied no more ingenuity to the instruction of deaf and dumb
+and blind children than we sometimes apply in our American public schools
+to the instruction of children who are in possession of all their
+faculties?  The result would be that the deaf and dumb and blind would
+acquire nothing.  They would live and die as ignorant as bricks and
+stones.  The methods used in the asylums are rational.  The teacher
+exactly measures the child's capacity, to begin with; and from thence
+onwards the tasks imposed are nicely gauged to the gradual development of
+that capacity, the tasks keep pace with the steps of the child's
+progress, they don't jump miles and leagues ahead of it by irrational
+caprice and land in vacancy--according to the average public-school plan.
+In the public school, apparently, they teach the child to spell cat, then
+ask it to calculate an eclipse; when it can read words of two syllables,
+they require it to explain the circulation of the blood; when it reaches
+the head of the infant class they bully it with conundrums that cover the
+domain of universal knowledge.  This sounds extravagant--and is; yet it
+goes no great way beyond the facts.
+
+I received a curious letter one day, from the Punjab (you must pronounce
+it Punjawb).  The handwriting was excellent, and the wording was English
+--English, and yet not exactly English.  The style was easy and smooth
+and flowing, yet there was something subtly foreign about it--A something
+tropically ornate and sentimental and rhetorical.  It turned out to be
+the work of a Hindoo youth, the holder of a humble clerical billet in a
+railway office.  He had been educated in one of the numerous colleges of
+India.  Upon inquiry I was told that the country was full of young
+fellows of his like.  They had been educated away up to the snow-summits
+of learning--and the market for all this elaborate cultivation was
+minutely out of proportion to the vastness of the product.  This market
+consisted of some thousands of small clerical posts under the government
+--the supply of material for it was multitudinous.  If this youth with the
+flowing style and the blossoming English was occupying a small railway
+clerkship, it meant that there were hundreds and hundreds as capable as
+he, or he would be in a high place; and it certainly meant that there
+were thousands whose education and capacity had fallen a little short,
+and that they would have to go without places.  Apparently, then, the
+colleges of India were doing what our high schools have long been doing
+--richly over-supplying the market for highly-educated service; and thereby
+doing a damage to the scholar, and through him to the country.
+
+At home I once made a speech deploring the injuries inflicted by the high
+school in making handicrafts distasteful to boys who would have been
+willing to make a living at trades and agriculture if they had but had
+the good luck to stop with the common school.  But I made no converts.
+Not one, in a community overrun with educated idlers who were above
+following their fathers' mechanical trades, yet could find no market for
+their book-knowledge.  The same rail that brought me the letter from the
+Punjab, brought also a little book published by Messrs. Thacker, Spink &
+Co., of Calcutta, which interested me, for both its preface and its
+contents treated of this matter of over-education.  In the preface occurs
+this paragraph from the Calcutta Review.  For "Government office" read
+"drygoods clerkship" and it will fit more than one region of America:
+
+     "The education that we give makes the boys a little less clownish in
+     their manners, and more intelligent when spoken to by strangers.  On
+     the other hand, it has made them less contented with their lot in
+     life, and less willing to work with their hands.  The form which
+     discontent takes in this country is not of a healthy kind; for, the
+     Natives of India consider that the only occupation worthy of an
+     educated man is that of a writership in some office, and especially
+     in a Government office.  The village schoolboy goes back to the plow
+     with the greatest reluctance; and the town schoolboy carries the
+     same discontent and inefficiency into his father's workshop.
+     Sometimes these ex-students positively refuse at first to work; and
+     more than once parents have openly expressed their regret that they
+     ever allowed their sons to be inveigled to school."
+
+The little book which I am quoting from is called "Indo-Anglian
+Literature," and is well stocked with "baboo" English--clerkly English,
+hooky English, acquired in the schools.  Some of it is very funny,
+--almost as funny, perhaps, as what you and I produce when we try to write
+in a language not our own; but much of it is surprisingly correct and
+free.  If I were going to quote good English--but I am not.  India is
+well stocked with natives who speak it and write it as well as the best
+of us.  I merely wish to show some of the quaint imperfect attempts at
+the use of our tongue.  There are many letters in the book; poverty
+imploring help--bread, money, kindness, office generally an office, a
+clerkship, some way to get food and a rag out of the applicant's
+unmarketable education; and food not for himself alone, but sometimes for
+a dozen helpless relations in addition to his own family; for those
+people are astonishingly unselfish, and admirably faithful to their ties
+of kinship.  Among us I think there is nothing approaching it.  Strange
+as some of these wailing and supplicating letters are, humble and even
+groveling as some of them are, and quaintly funny and confused as a
+goodly number of them are, there is still a pathos about them, as a rule,
+that checks the rising laugh and reproaches it.  In the following letter
+"father" is not to be read literally.  In Ceylon a little native
+beggar-girl embarrassed me by calling me father, although I knew she was
+mistaken.  I was so new that I did not know that she was merely following
+the custom of the dependent and the supplicant.
+
+     "SIR,
+
+     "I pray please to give me some action (work) for I am very poor boy
+     I have no one to help me even so father for it so it seemed in thy
+     good sight, you give the Telegraph Office, and another work what is
+     your wish I am very poor boy, this understand what is your wish you
+     my father I am your son this understand what is your wish.
+
+     "Your Sirvent, P. C. B."
+
+Through ages of debasing oppression suffered by these people at the hands
+of their native rulers, they come legitimately by the attitude and
+language of fawning and flattery, and one must remember this in
+mitigation when passing judgment upon the native character.  It is common
+in these letters to find the petitioner furtively trying to get at the
+white man's soft religious side; even this poor boy baits his hook with a
+macerated Bible-text in the hope that it may catch something if all else
+fail.
+
+Here is an application for the post of instructor in English to some
+children:
+
+     "My Dear Sir or Gentleman, that your Petitioner has much
+     qualification in the Language of English to instruct the young boys;
+     I was given to understand that your of suitable children has to
+     acquire the knowledge of English language."
+
+As a sample of the flowery Eastern style, I will take a sentence or two
+from along letter written by a young native to the Lieutenant-Governor of
+Bengal--an application for employment:
+
+     "HONORED AND MUCH RESPECTED SIR,
+
+     "I hope your honor will condescend to hear the tale of this poor
+     creature.  I shall overflow with gratitude at this mark of your
+     royal condescension.  The bird-like happiness has flown away from my
+     nest-like heart and has not hitherto returned from the period whence
+     the rose of my father's life suffered the autumnal breath of death,
+     in plain English he passed through the gates of Grave, and from that
+     hour the phantom of delight has never danced before me."
+
+It is all school-English, book-English, you see; and good enough, too,
+all things considered.  If the native boy had but that one study he would
+shine, he would dazzle, no doubt.  But that is not the case.  He is
+situated as are our public-school children--loaded down with an
+over-freightage of other studies; and frequently they are as far beyond
+the actual point of progress reached by him and suited to the stage of
+development attained, as could be imagined by the insanest fancy.
+Apparently--like our public-school boy--he must work, work, work, in
+school and out, and play but little.  Apparently--like our public-school
+boy--his "education" consists in learning things, not the meaning of
+them; he is fed upon the husks, not the corn.  From several essays
+written by native schoolboys in answer to the question of how they spend
+their day, I select one--the one which goes most into detail:
+
+     "66.  At the break of day I rises from my own bed and finish my
+     daily duty, then I employ myself till 8 o'clock, after which I
+     employ myself to bathe, then take for my body some sweet meat, and
+     just at 9 1/2 I came to school to attend my class duty, then at
+     2 1/2 P. M.  I return from school and engage myself to do my natural
+     duty, then, I engage for a quarter to take my tithn, then I study
+     till 5 P. M., after which I began to play anything which comes in
+     my head.  After 8 1/2, half pass to eight we are began to sleep,
+     before sleeping I told a constable just 11 o' he came and rose us
+     from half pass eleven we began to read still morning."
+
+It is not perfectly clear, now that I come to cipher upon it.  He gets up
+at about 5 in the morning, or along there somewhere, and goes to bed
+about fifteen or sixteen hours afterward--that much of it seems straight;
+but why he should rise again three hours later and resume his studies
+till morning is puzzling.
+
+I think it is because he is studying history.  History requires a world
+of time and bitter hard work when your "education" is no further advanced
+than the cat's; when you are merely stuffing yourself with a mixed-up
+mess of empty names and random incidents and elusive dates, which no one
+teaches you how to interpret, and which, uninterpreted, pay you not a
+farthing's value for your waste of time.  Yes, I think he had to get up
+at halfpast 11 P.M.  in order to be sure to be perfect with his history
+lesson by noon.  With results as follows--from a Calcutta school
+examination:
+
+"Q.  Who was Cardinal Wolsey?
+"Cardinal Wolsey was an Editor of a paper named North Briton.  No. 45 of
+his publication he charged the King of uttering a lie from the throne.
+He was arrested and cast into prison; and after releasing went to France.
+
+"3.  As Bishop of York but died in disentry in a church on his way to be
+blockheaded.
+
+"8.  Cardinal Wolsey was the son of Edward IV, after his father's death
+he himself ascended the throne at the age of (10) ten only, but when he
+surpassed or when he was fallen in his twenty years of age at that time
+he wished to make a journey in his countries under him, but he was
+opposed by his mother to do journey, and according to his mother's
+example he remained in the home, and then became King.  After many times
+obstacles and many confusion he become King and afterwards his brother."
+
+There is probably not a word of truth in that.
+
+"Q.  What is the meaning of 'Ich Dien'?
+
+"10.  An honor conferred on the first or eldest sons of English
+Sovereigns.  It is nothing more than some feathers.
+
+"11.  Ich Dien was the word which was written on the feathers of the
+blind King who came to fight, being interlaced with the bridles of the
+horse.
+
+"13.  Ich Dien is a title given to Henry VII by the Pope of Rome, when he
+forwarded the Reformation of Cardinal Wolsy to Rome, and for this reason
+he was called Commander of the faith."
+
+A dozen or so of this kind of insane answers are quoted in the book from
+that examination.  Each answer is sweeping proof, all by itself, that the
+person uttering it was pushed ahead of where he belonged when he was put
+into history; proof that he had been put to the task of acquiring history
+before he had had a single lesson in the art of acquiring it, which is
+the equivalent of dumping a pupil into geometry before he has learned the
+progressive steps which lead up to it and make its acquirement possible.
+Those Calcutta novices had no business with history.  There was no excuse
+for examining them in it, no excuse for exposing them and their teachers.
+They were totally empty; there was nothing to "examine."
+
+Helen Keller has been dumb, stone deaf, and stone blind, ever since she
+was a little baby a year-and-a-half old; and now at sixteen years of age
+this miraculous creature, this wonder of all the ages, passes the Harvard
+University examination in Latin, German, French history, belles lettres,
+and such things, and does it brilliantly, too, not in a commonplace
+fashion.  She doesn't know merely things, she is splendidly familiar with
+the meanings of them.  When she writes an essay on a Shakespearean
+character, her English is fine and strong, her grasp of the subject is
+the grasp of one who knows, and her page is electric with light.  Has
+Miss Sullivan taught her by the methods of India and the American public
+school?  No, oh, no; for then she would be deafer and dumber and blinder
+than she was before.  It is a pity that we can't educate all the children
+in the asylums.
+
+To continue the Calcutta exposure:
+
+"What is the meaning of a Sheriff?"
+
+"25.  Sheriff is a post opened in the time of John.  The duty of Sheriff
+here in Calcutta, to look out and catch those carriages which is rashly
+driven out by the coachman; but it is a high post in England.
+
+"26.  Sheriff was the English bill of common prayer.
+
+"27.  The man with whom the accusative persons are placed is called
+Sheriff.
+
+"28.  Sheriff--Latin term for 'shrub,' we called broom, worn by the first
+earl of Enjue, as an emblem of humility when they went to the pilgrimage,
+and from this their hairs took their crest and surname.
+
+"29.  Sheriff is a kind of titlous sect of people, as Barons, Nobles,
+etc.
+
+"30.  Sheriff; a tittle given on those persons who were respective and
+pious in England."
+
+The students were examined in the following bulky matters: Geometry, the
+Solar Spectrum, the Habeas Corpus Act, the British Parliament, and in
+Metaphysics they were asked to trace the progress of skepticism from
+Descartes to Hume.  It is within bounds to say that some of the results
+were astonishing.  Without doubt, there were students present who
+justified their teacher's wisdom in introducing them to these studies;
+but the fact is also evident that others had been pushed into these
+studies to waste their time over them when they could have been
+profitably employed in hunting smaller game.  Under the head of Geometry,
+one of the answers is this:
+
+"49.  The whole BD = the whole CA, and so-so-so-so-so-so-so."
+
+To me this is cloudy, but I was never well up in geometry.  That was the
+only effort made among the five students who appeared for examination in
+geometry; the other four wailed and surrendered without a fight.  They
+are piteous wails, too, wails of despair; and one of them is an eloquent
+reproach; it comes from a poor fellow who has been laden beyond his
+strength by a stupid teacher, and is eloquent in spite of the poverty of
+its English.  The poor chap finds himself required to explain riddles
+which even Sir Isaac Newton was not able to understand:
+
+"50.  Oh my dear father examiner you my father and you kindly give a
+number of pass you my great father.
+
+"51.  I am a poor boy and have no means to support my mother and two
+brothers who are suffering much for want of food.  I get four rupees
+monthly from charity fund of this place, from which I send two rupees for
+their support, and keep two for my own support.  Father, if I relate the
+unlucky circumstance under which we are placed, then, I think, you will
+not be able to suppress the tender tear.
+
+"52.  Sir which Sir Isaac Newton and other experienced mathematicians
+cannot understand I being third of Entrance Class can understand these
+which is too impossible to imagine.  And my examiner also has put very
+tiresome and very heavy propositions to prove."
+
+We must remember that these pupils had to do their thinking in one
+language, and express themselves in another and alien one.  It was a
+heavy handicap.  I have by me "English as She is Taught"--a collection of
+American examinations made in the public schools of Brooklyn by one of
+the teachers, Miss Caroline B. Le Row.  An extract or two from its pages
+will show that when the American pupil is using but one language, and
+that one his own, his performance is no whit better than his Indian
+brother's:
+
+"ON HISTORY.
+
+"Christopher Columbus was called the father of his Country.  Queen
+Isabella of Spain sold her watch and chain and other millinery so that
+Columbus could discover America.
+
+"The Indian wars were very desecrating to the country.
+
+"The Indians pursued their warfare by hiding in the bushes and then
+scalping them.
+
+"Captain John Smith has been styled the father of his country.  His life
+was saved by his daughter Pochahantas.
+
+"The Puritans found an insane asylum in the wilds of America.
+
+"The Stamp Act was to make everybody stamp all materials so they should
+be null and void.
+
+"Washington died in Spain almost broken-hearted.  His remains were taken
+to the cathedral in Havana.
+
+"Gorilla warfare was where men rode on gorillas."
+
+
+In Brooklyn, as in India, they examine a pupil, and when they find out he
+doesn't know anything, they put him into literature, or geometry, or
+astronomy, or government, or something like that, so that he can properly
+display the assification of the whole system--
+
+"ON LITERATURE.
+
+"'Bracebridge Hall' was written by Henry Irving.
+
+"Edgar A. Poe was a very curdling writer.
+
+"Beowulf wrote the Scriptures.
+
+"Ben Johnson survived Shakespeare in some respects.
+
+"In the 'Canterbury Tale' it gives account of King Alfred on his way to
+the shrine of Thomas Bucket.
+
+"Chaucer was the father of English pottery.
+
+"Chaucer was succeeded by H. Wads. Longfellow."
+
+
+We will finish with a couple of samples of "literature," one from
+America, the other from India.  The first is a Brooklyn public-school
+boy's attempt to turn a few verses of the "Lady of the Lake" into prose.
+You will have to concede that he did it:
+
+"The man who rode on the horse performed the whip and an instrument made
+of steel alone with strong ardor not diminishing, for, being tired from
+the time passed with hard labor overworked with anger and ignorant with
+weariness, while every breath for labor lie drew with cries full of
+sorrow, the young deer made imperfect who worked hard filtered in sight."
+
+
+The following paragraph is from a little book which is famous in India
+--the biography of a distinguished Hindoo judge, Onoocool Chunder
+Mookerjee; it was written by his nephew, and is unintentionally funny-in
+fact, exceedingly so.  I offer here the closing scene.  If you would like
+to sample the rest of the book, it can be had by applying to the
+publishers, Messrs.  Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta
+
+     "And having said these words he hermetically sealed his lips not to
+     open them again.  All the well-known doctors of Calcutta that could
+     be procured for a man of his position and wealth were brought,
+     --Doctors Payne, Fayrer, and Nilmadhub Mookerjee and others; they did
+     what they could do, with their puissance and knack of medical
+     knowledge, but it proved after all as if to milk the ram!  His wife
+     and children had not the mournful consolation to hear his last
+     words; he remained sotto voce for a few hours, and then was taken
+     from us at 6.12 P.m.  according to the caprice of God which passeth
+     understanding."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXII.
+
+There are no people who are quite so vulgar as the over-refined ones.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+We sailed from Calcutta toward the end of March; stopped a day at Madras;
+two or three days in Ceylon; then sailed westward on a long flight for
+Mauritius.  From my diary:
+
+April 7.  We are far abroad upon the smooth waters of the Indian Ocean,
+now; it is shady and pleasant and peaceful under the vast spread of the
+awnings, and life is perfect again--ideal.
+
+The difference between a river and the sea is, that the river looks
+fluid, the sea solid--usually looks as if you could step out and walk on
+it.
+
+The captain has this peculiarity--he cannot tell the truth in a plausible
+way.  In this he is the very opposite of the austere Scot who sits midway
+of the table; he cannot tell a lie in an unplausible way.  When the
+captain finishes a statement the passengers glance at each other
+privately, as who should say, "Do you believe that?"  When the Scot
+finishes one, the look says, "How strange and interesting."  The whole
+secret is in the manner and method of the two men.  The captain is a
+little shy and diffident, and he states the simplest fact as if he were a
+little afraid of it, while the Scot delivers himself of the most
+abandoned lie with such an air of stern veracity that one is forced to
+believe it although one knows it isn't so.  For instance, the Scot told
+about a pet flying-fish he once owned, that lived in a little fountain in
+his conservatory, and supported itself by catching birds and frogs and
+rats in the neighboring fields.  It was plain that no one at the table
+doubted this statement.
+
+By and by, in the course of some talk about custom-house annoyances, the
+captain brought out the following simple everyday incident, but through
+his infirmity of style managed to tell it in such a way that it got no
+credence.  He said:
+
+     "I went ashore at Naples one voyage when I was in that trade, and
+     stood around helping my passengers, for I could speak a little
+     Italian.  Two or three times, at intervals, the officer asked me if
+     I had anything dutiable about me, and seemed more and more put out
+     and disappointed every time I told him no.  Finally a passenger whom
+     I had helped through asked me to come out and take something.  I
+     thanked him, but excused myself, saying I had taken a whisky just
+     before I came ashore.
+
+     "It was a fatal admission.  The officer at once made me pay sixpence
+     import-duty on the whisky-just from ship to shore, you see; and he
+     fined me L5 for not declaring the goods, another L5 for falsely
+     denying that I had anything dutiable about me, also L5 for
+     concealing the goods, and L50 for smuggling, which is the maximum
+     penalty for unlawfully bringing in goods under the value of
+     sevenpence ha'penny.  Altogether, sixty-five pounds sixpence for a
+     little thing like that."
+
+The Scot is always believed, yet he never tells anything but lies;
+whereas the captain is never believed, although he never tells a lie, so
+far as I can judge.  If he should say his uncle was a male person, he
+would probably say it in such a way that nobody would believe it; at the
+same time the Scot could claim that he had a female uncle and not stir a
+doubt in anybody's mind.  My own luck has been curious all my literary
+life; I never could tell a lie that anybody would doubt, nor a truth that
+anybody would believe.
+
+Lots of pets on board--birds and things.  In these far countries the
+white people do seem to run remarkably to pets.  Our host in Cawnpore had
+a fine collection of birds--the finest we saw in a private house in
+India.  And in Colombo, Dr. Murray's great compound and commodious
+bungalow were well populated with domesticated company from the woods:
+frisky little squirrels; a Ceylon mina walking sociably about the house;
+a small green parrot that whistled a single urgent note of call without
+motion of its beak; also chuckled; a monkey in a cage on the back
+veranda, and some more out in the trees; also a number of beautiful
+macaws in the trees; and various and sundry birds and animals of breeds
+not known to me.  But no cat.  Yet a cat would have liked that place.
+
+April 9.  Tea-planting is the great business in Ceylon, now.  A passenger
+says it often pays 40 per cent. on the investment.  Says there is a boom.
+
+April 10.  The sea is a Mediterranean blue; and I believe that that is
+about the divinest color known to nature.
+
+It is strange and fine--Nature's lavish generosities to her creatures.
+At least to all of them except man.  For those that fly she has provided
+a home that is nobly spacious--a home which is forty miles deep and
+envelops the whole globe, and has not an obstruction in it.  For those
+that swim she has provided a more than imperial domain--a domain which is
+miles deep and covers four-fifths of the globe.  But as for man, she has
+cut him off with the mere odds and ends of the creation.  She has given
+him the thin skin, the meagre skin which is stretched over the remaining
+one-fifth--the naked bones stick up through it in most places.  On the
+one-half of this domain he can raise snow, ice, sand, rocks, and nothing
+else.  So the valuable part of his inheritance really consists of but a
+single fifth of the family estate; and out of it he has to grub hard to
+get enough to keep him alive and provide kings and soldiers and powder to
+extend the blessings of civilization with.  Yet man, in his simplicity
+and complacency and inability to cipher, thinks Nature regards him as the
+important member of the family--in fact, her favorite.  Surely, it must
+occur to even his dull head, sometimes, that she has a curious way of
+showing it.
+
+Afternoon.  The captain has been telling how, in one of his Arctic
+voyages, it was so cold that the mate's shadow froze fast to the deck and
+had to be ripped loose by main strength.  And even then he got only about
+two-thirds of it back.  Nobody said anything, and the captain went away.
+I think he is becoming disheartened .  .  .  .  Also, to be fair, there
+is another word of praise due to this ship's library: it contains no copy
+of the Vicar of Wakefield, that strange menagerie of complacent
+hypocrites and idiots, of theatrical cheap-john heroes and heroines, who
+are always showing off, of bad people who are not interesting, and good
+people who are fatiguing.  A singular book.  Not a sincere line in it,
+and not a character that invites respect; a book which is one long
+waste-pipe discharge of goody-goody puerilities and dreary moralities; a
+book which is full of pathos which revolts, and humor which grieves the
+heart. There are few things in literature that are more piteous, more
+pathetic, than the celebrated "humorous" incident of Moses and the
+spectacles. Jane Austen's books, too, are absent from this library.  Just
+that one omission alone would make a fairly good library out of a library
+that hadn't a book in it.
+
+Customs in tropic seas.  At 5 in the morning they pipe to wash down the
+decks, and at once the ladies who are sleeping there turn out and they
+and their beds go below.  Then one after another the men come up from the
+bath in their pyjamas, and walk the decks an hour or two with bare legs
+and bare feet.  Coffee and fruit served.  The ship cat and her kitten now
+appear and get about their toilets; next the barber comes and flays us on
+the breezy deck.  Breakfast at 9.30, and the day begins.  I do not know
+how a day could be more reposeful: no motion; a level blue sea; nothing
+in sight from horizon to horizon; the speed of the ship furnishes a
+cooling breeze; there is no mail to read and answer; no newspapers to
+excite you; no telegrams to fret you or fright you--the world is far, far
+away; it has ceased to exist for you--seemed a fading dream, along in the
+first days; has dissolved to an unreality now; it is gone from your mind
+with all its businesses and ambitions, its prosperities and disasters,
+its exultations and despairs, its joys and griefs and cares and worries.
+They are no concern of yours any more; they have gone out of your life;
+they are a storm which has passed and left a deep calm behind.  The
+people group themselves about the decks in their snowy white linen, and
+read, smoke, sew, play cards, talk, nap, and so on.  In other ships the
+passengers are always ciphering about when they are going to arrive; out
+in these seas it is rare, very rare, to hear that subject broached.  In
+other ships there is always an eager rush to the bulletin board at noon
+to find out what the "run" has been; in these seas the bulletin seems to
+attract no interest; I have seen no one visit it; in thirteen days I have
+visited it only once.  Then I happened to notice the figures of the day's
+run.  On that day there happened to be talk, at dinner, about the speed
+of modern ships.  I was the only passenger present who knew this ship's
+gait.  Necessarily, the Atlantic custom of betting on the ship's run is
+not a custom here--nobody ever mentions it.
+
+I myself am wholly indifferent as to when we are going to "get in"; if
+any one else feels interested in the matter he has not indicated it in my
+hearing.  If I had my way we should never get in at all.  This sort of
+sea life is charged with an indestructible charm.  There is no weariness,
+no fatigue, no worry, no responsibility, no work, no depression of
+spirits.  There is nothing like this serenity, this comfort, this peace,
+this deep contentment, to be found anywhere on land.  If I had my way I
+would sail on for ever and never go to live on the solid ground again.
+
+One of Kipling's ballads has delivered the aspect and sentiment of this
+bewitching sea correctly:
+
+               "The Injian Ocean sets an' smiles
+               So sof', so bright, so bloomin' blue;
+               There aren't a wave for miles an' miles
+               Excep' the jiggle from the screw."
+
+April 14.  It turns out that the astronomical apprentice worked off a
+section of the Milky Way on me for the Magellan Clouds.  A man of more
+experience in the business showed one of them to me last night.  It was
+small and faint and delicate, and looked like the ghost of a bunch of
+white smoke left floating in the sky by an exploded bombshell.
+
+Wednesday, April 15.  Mauritius.  Arrived and anchored off Port Louis
+2 A. M.  Rugged clusters of crags and peaks, green to their summits; from
+their bases to the sea a green plain with just tilt enough to it to make
+the water drain off.  I believe it is in 56 E.  and 22 S.--a hot tropical
+country.  The green plain has an inviting look; has scattering dwellings
+nestling among the greenery.  Scene of the sentimental adventure of Paul
+and Virginia.
+
+Island under French control--which means a community which depends upon
+quarantines, not sanitation, for its health.
+
+Thursday, April 16.  Went ashore in the forenoon at Port Louis, a little
+town, but with the largest variety of nationalities and complexions we
+have encountered yet.  French, English, Chinese, Arabs, Africans with
+wool, blacks with straight hair, East Indians, half-whites, quadroons
+--and great varieties in costumes and colors.
+
+Took the train for Curepipe at 1.30--two hours' run, gradually uphill.
+What a contrast, this frantic luxuriance of vegetation, with the arid
+plains of India; these architecturally picturesque crags and knobs and
+miniature mountains, with the monotony of the Indian dead-levels.
+
+A native pointed out a handsome swarthy man of grave and dignified
+bearing, and said in an awed tone, "That is so-and-so; has held office of
+one sort or another under this government for 37 years--he is known all
+over this whole island and in the other countries of the world perhaps
+--who knows?  One thing is certain; you can speak his name anywhere in this
+whole island, and you will find not one grown person that has not heard
+it.  It is a wonderful thing to be so celebrated; yet look at him; it
+makes no change in him; he does not even seem to know it."
+
+Curepipe (means Pincushion or Pegtown, probably).  Sixteen miles (two
+hours) by rail from Port Louis.  At each end of every roof and on the
+apex of every dormer window a wooden peg two feet high stands up; in some
+cases its top is blunt, in others the peg is sharp and looks like a
+toothpick.  The passion for this humble ornament is universal.
+
+Apparently, there has been only one prominent event in the history of
+Mauritius, and that one didn't happen.  I refer to the romantic sojourn
+of Paul and Virginia here.  It was that story that made Mauritius known
+to the world, made the name familiar to everybody, the geographical
+position of it to nobody.
+
+A clergyman was asked to guess what was in a box on a table.  It was a
+vellum fan painted with the shipwreck, and was "one of Virginia's wedding
+gifts."
+
+April 18.  This is the only country in the world where the stranger is
+not asked "How do you like this place?"  This is indeed a large
+distinction.  Here the citizen does the talking about the country
+himself; the stranger is not asked to help.  You get all sorts of
+information.  From one citizen you gather the idea that Mauritius was
+made first, and then heaven; and that heaven was copied after Mauritius.
+Another one tells you that this is an exaggeration; that the two chief
+villages, Port Louis and Curepipe, fall short of heavenly perfection;
+that nobody lives in Port Louis except upon compulsion, and that Curepipe
+is the wettest and rainiest place in the world.  An English citizen said:
+
+     "In the early part of this century Mauritius was used by the French
+     as a basis from which to operate against England's Indian
+     merchantmen; so England captured the island and also the neighbor,
+     Bourbon, to stop that annoyance.  England gave Bourbon back; the
+     government in London did not want any more possessions in the West
+     Indies.  If the government had had a better quality of geography in
+     stock it would not have wasted Bourbon in that foolish way.  A big
+     war will temporarily shut up the Suez Canal some day and the English
+     ships will have to go to India around the Cape of Good Hope again;
+     then England will have to have Bourbon and will take it.
+
+     "Mauritius was a crown colony until 20 years ago, with a governor
+     appointed by the Crown and assisted by a Council appointed by
+     himself; but Pope Hennessey came out as Governor then, and he worked
+     hard to get a part of the council made elective, and succeeded.  So
+     now the whole council is French, and in all ordinary matters of
+     legislation they vote together and in the French interest, not the
+     English. The English population is very slender; it has not votes
+     enough to elect a legislator.  Half a dozen rich French families
+     elect the legislature.  Pope Hennessey was an Irishman, a Catholic,
+     a Home Ruler, M.P., a hater of England and the English, a very
+     troublesome person and a serious incumbrance at Westminster; so it
+     was decided to send him out to govern unhealthy countries, in hope
+     that something would happen to him.  But nothing did.  The first
+     experiment was not merely a failure, it was more than a failure.  He
+     proved to be more of a disease himself than any he was sent to
+     encounter.  The next experiment was here.  The dark scheme failed
+     again.  It was an off-season and there was nothing but measles here
+     at the time.  Pope Hennessey's health was not affected.  He worked
+     with the French and for the French and against the English, and he
+     made the English very tired and the French very happy, and lived to
+     have the joy of seeing the flag he served publicly hissed.  His
+     memory is held in worshipful reverence and affection by the French.
+
+     "It is a land of extraordinary quarantines.  They quarantine a ship
+     for anything or for nothing; quarantine her for 20 and even 30 days.
+     They once quarantined a ship because her captain had had the
+     smallpox when he was a boy.  That and because he was English.
+
+     "The population is very small; small to insignificance.  The
+     majority is East Indian; then mongrels; then negroes (descendants of
+     the slaves of the French times); then French; then English.  There
+     was an American, but he is dead or mislaid.  The mongrels are the
+     result of all kinds of mixtures; black and white, mulatto and white,
+     quadroon and white, octoroon and white.  And so there is every shade
+     of complexion; ebony, old mahogany, horsechestnut, sorrel,
+     molasses-candy, clouded amber, clear amber, old-ivory white,
+     new-ivory white, fish-belly white--this latter the leprous complexion
+     frequent with the Anglo-Saxon long resident in tropical climates.
+
+     "You wouldn't expect a person to be proud of being a Mauritian, now
+     would you?  But it is so.  The most of them have never been out of
+     the island, and haven't read much or studied much, and they think
+     the world consists of three principal countries--Judaea, France, and
+     Mauritius; so they are very proud of belonging to one of the three
+     grand divisions of the globe.  They think that Russia and Germany
+     are in England, and that England does not amount to much.  They have
+     heard vaguely about the United States and the equator, but they
+     think both of them are monarchies.  They think Mount Peter Botte is
+     the highest mountain in the world, and if you show one of them a
+     picture of Milan Cathedral he will swell up with satisfaction and
+     say that the idea of that jungle of spires was stolen from the
+     forest of peg-tops and toothpicks that makes the roofs of Curepipe
+     look so fine and prickly.
+
+     "There is not much trade in books.  The newspapers educate and
+     entertain the people.  Mainly the latter.  They have two pages of
+     large-print reading-matter-one of them English, the other French.
+     The English page is a translation of the French one.  The typography
+     is super-extra primitive--in this quality it has not its equal
+     anywhere.  There is no proof-reader now; he is dead.
+
+     "Where do they get matter to fill up a page in this little island
+     lost in the wastes of the Indian Ocean?  Oh, Madagascar.  They
+     discuss Madagascar and France.  That is the bulk.  Then they chock
+     up the rest with advice to the Government.  Also, slurs upon the
+     English administration.  The papers are all owned and edited by
+     creoles--French.
+
+     "The language of the country is French.  Everybody speaks it--has
+     to.  You have to know French particularly mongrel French, the patois
+     spoken by Tom, Dick, and Harry of the multiform complexions--or you
+     can't get along.
+
+"This was a flourishing country in former days, for it made then and
+still makes the best sugar in the world; but first the Suez Canal severed
+it from the world and left it out in the cold and next the beetroot sugar
+helped by bounties, captured the European markets.  Sugar is the life of
+Mauritius, and it is losing its grip. Its downward course was checked by
+the depreciation of the rupee--for the planter pays wages in rupees but
+sells his crop for gold--and the insurrection in Cuba and paralyzation of
+the sugar industry there have given our prices here a life-saving lift;
+but the outlook has nothing permanently favorable about it.  It takes a
+year to mature the canes--on the high ground three and six months longer
+--and there is always a chance that the annual cyclone will rip the
+profit out of the crop.  In recent times a cyclone took the whole crop,
+as you may say; and the island never saw a finer one.  Some of the
+noblest sugar estates in the island are in deep difficulties.  A dozen of
+them are investments of English capital; and the companies that own them
+are at work now, trying to settle up and get out with a saving of half
+the money they put in.  You know, in these days, when a country begins to
+introduce the tea culture, it means that its own specialty has gone back
+on it.  Look at Bengal; look at Ceylon.  Well, they've begun to introduce
+the tea culture, here.
+
+"Many copies of Paul and Virginia are sold every year in Mauritius.  No
+other book is so popular here except the Bible.  By many it is supposed
+to be a part of the Bible.  All the missionaries work up their French on
+it when they come here to pervert the Catholic mongrel.  It is the
+greatest story that was ever written about Mauritius, and the only one."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIII.
+
+The principal difference between a cat and a lie is that the cat has only
+nine lives.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+April 20.--The cyclone of 1892 killed and crippled hundreds of people;
+it was accompanied by a deluge of rain, which drowned Port Louis and
+produced a water famine.  Quite true; for it burst the reservoir and the
+water-pipes; and for a time after the flood had disappeared there was
+much distress from want of water.
+
+This is the only place in the world where no breed of matches can stand
+the damp.  Only one match in 16 will light.
+
+The roads are hard and smooth; some of the compounds are spacious, some
+of the bungalows commodious, and the roadways are walled by tall bamboo
+hedges, trim and green and beautiful; and there are azalea hedges, too,
+both the white and the red; I never saw that before.
+
+As to healthiness: I translate from to-day's (April 20) Merchants' and
+Planters' Gazette, from the article of a regular contributor, "Carminge,"
+concerning the death of the nephew of a prominent citizen:
+
+     "Sad and lugubrious existence, this which we lead in Mauritius; I
+     believe there is no other country in the world where one dies more
+     easily than among us.  The least indisposition becomes a mortal
+     malady; a simple headache develops into meningitis; a cold into
+     pneumonia, and presently, when we are least expecting it, death is a
+     guest in our home."
+
+This daily paper has a meteorological report which tells you what the
+weather was day before yesterday.
+
+One is clever pestered by a beggar or a peddler in this town, so far as I
+can see.  This is pleasantly different from India.
+
+April 22.  To such as believe that the quaint product called French
+civilization would be an improvement upon the civilization of New Guinea
+and the like, the snatching of Madagascar and the laying on of French
+civilization there will be fully justified.  But why did the English
+allow the French to have Madagascar?  Did she respect a theft of a couple
+of centuries ago?  Dear me, robbery by European nations of each other's
+territories has never been a sin, is not a sin to-day.  To the several
+cabinets the several political establishments of the world are
+clotheslines; and a large part of the official duty of these cabinets is
+to keep an eye on each other's wash and grab what they can of it as
+opportunity offers.  All the territorial possessions of all the political
+establishments in the earth--including America, of course--consist of
+pilferings from other people's wash.  No tribe, howsoever insignificant,
+and no nation, howsoever mighty, occupies a foot of land that was not
+stolen.  When the English, the French, and the Spaniards reached America,
+the Indian tribes had been raiding each other's territorial clothes-lines
+for ages, and every acre of ground in the continent had been stolen and
+re-stolen 500 times.  The English, the French, and the Spaniards went to
+work and stole it all over again; and when that was satisfactorily
+accomplished they went diligently to work and stole it from each other.
+In Europe and Asia and Africa every acre of ground has been stolen
+several millions of times.  A crime persevered in a thousand centuries
+ceases to be a crime, and becomes a virtue.  This is the law of custom,
+and custom supersedes all other forms of law.  Christian governments are
+as frank to-day, as open and above-board, in discussing projects for
+raiding each other's clothes-lines as ever they were before the Golden
+Rule came smiling into this inhospitable world and couldn't get a night's
+lodging anywhere.  In 150 years England has beneficently retired garment
+after garment from the Indian lines, until there is hardly a rag of the
+original wash left dangling anywhere.  In 800 years an obscure
+tribe of Muscovite savages has risen to the dazzling position of
+Land-Robber-in-Chief; she found a quarter of the world hanging out to dry
+on a hundred parallels of latitude, and she scooped in the whole wash.
+She keeps a sharp eye on a multitude of little lines that stretch along
+the northern boundaries of India, and every now and then she snatches a
+hip-rag or a pair of pyjamas.  It is England's prospective property, and
+Russia knows it; but Russia cares nothing for that.  In fact, in our day
+land-robbery, claim-jumping, is become a European governmental frenzy.
+Some have been hard at it in the borders of China, in Burma, in Siam, and
+the islands of the sea; and all have been at it in Africa.  Africa has
+been as coolly divided up and portioned out among the gang as if they had
+bought it and paid for it.  And now straightway they are beginning the
+old game again --to steal each other's grabbings.  Germany found a vast
+slice of Central Africa with the English flag and the English missionary
+and the English trader scattered all over it, but with certain
+formalities neglected--no signs up, "Keep off the grass,"
+"Trespassers-forbidden," etc.--and she stepped in with a cold calm smile
+and put up the signs herself, and swept those English pioneers promptly
+out of the country.
+
+There is a tremendous point there.  It can be put into the form of a
+maxim: Get your formalities right--never mind about the moralities.
+
+It was an impudent thing; but England had to put up with it.  Now, in the
+case of Madagascar, the formalities had originally been observed, but by
+neglect they had fallen into desuetude ages ago.  England should have
+snatched Madagascar from the French clothes-line.  Without an effort she
+could have saved those harmless natives from the calamity of French
+civilization, and she did not do it.  Now it is too late.
+
+The signs of the times show plainly enough what is going to happen.  All
+the savage lands in the world are going to be brought under subjection to
+the Christian governments of Europe.  I am not sorry, but glad.  This
+coming fate might have been a calamity to those savage peoples two
+hundred years ago; but now it will in some cases be a benefaction.  The
+sooner the seizure is consummated, the better for the savages.
+
+The dreary and dragging ages of bloodshed and disorder and oppression
+will give place to peace and order and the reign of law.  When one
+considers what India was under her Hindoo and Mohammedan rulers, and what
+she is now; when he remembers the miseries of her millions then and the
+protections and humanities which they enjoy now, he must concede that the
+most fortunate thing that has ever befallen that empire was the
+establishment of British supremacy there.  The savage lands of the world
+are to pass to alien possession, their peoples to the mercies of alien
+rulers.  Let us hope and believe that they will all benefit by the
+change.
+
+April 23.  "The first year they gather shells; the second year they
+gather shells and drink; the third year they do not gather shells." (Said
+of immigrants to Mauritius.)
+
+Population 375,000.  120 sugar factories.
+
+Population 1851, 185,000.  The increase is due mainly to the introduction
+of Indian coolies.  They now apparently form the great majority of the
+population.  They are admirable breeders; their homes are always hazy
+with children.  Great savers of money.  A British officer told me that in
+India he paid his servant 10 rupees a month, and he had 11 cousins,
+uncles, parents, etc., dependent upon him, and he supported them on his
+wages.  These thrifty coolies are said to be acquiring land a trifle at a
+time, and cultivating it; and may own the island by and by.
+
+The Indian women do very hard labor [for wages of (1/2 rupee) for twelve
+hours' work.]  They carry mats of sugar on their heads (70 pounds) all
+day lading ships, for half a rupee, and work at gardening all day for
+less.
+
+The camaron is a fresh water creature like a cray-fish.  It is regarded
+here as the world's chiefest delicacy--and certainly it is good.  Guards
+patrol the streams to prevent poaching it.  A fine of Rs.200 or 300
+(they say) for poaching.  Bait is thrown in the water; the camaron goes
+for it; the fisher drops his loop in and works it around and about the
+camaron he has selected, till he gets it over its tail; then there's a
+jerk or something to certify the camaron that it is his turn now; he
+suddenly backs away, which moves the loop still further up his person and
+draws it taut, and his days are ended.
+
+Another dish, called palmiste, is like raw turnip-shavings and tastes
+like green almonds; is very delicate and good.  Costs the life of a palm
+tree 12 to 20 years old--for it is the pith.
+
+Another dish--looks like greens or a tangle of fine seaweed--is a
+preparation of the deadly nightshade.  Good enough.
+
+The monkeys live in the dense forests on the flanks of the toy mountains,
+and they flock down nights and raid the sugar-fields.  Also on other
+estates they come down and destroy a sort of bean-crop--just for fun,
+apparently--tear off the pods and throw them down.
+
+The cyclone of 1892 tore down two great blocks of stone buildings in the
+center of Port Louis--the chief architectural feature-and left the
+uncomely and apparently frail blocks standing.  Everywhere in its track
+it annihilated houses, tore off roofs, destroyed trees and crops.  The
+men were in the towns, the women and children at home in the country
+getting crippled, killed, frightened to insanity; and the rain deluging
+them, the wind howling, the thunder crashing, the lightning glaring.
+This for an hour or so.  Then a lull and sunshine; many ventured out of
+safe shelter; then suddenly here it came again from the opposite point
+and renewed and completed the devastation.  It is said the Chinese fed
+the sufferers for days on free rice.
+
+Whole streets in Port Louis were laid flat--wrecked.  During a minute and
+a half the wind blew 123 miles an hour; no official record made after
+that, when it may have reached 150.  It cut down an obelisk.  It carried
+an American ship into the woods after breaking the chains of two anchors.
+They now use four-two forward, two astern.  Common report says it killed
+1,200 in Port Louis alone, in half an hour.  Then came the lull of the
+central calm--people did not know the barometer was still going down
+--then suddenly all perdition broke loose again while people were rushing
+around seeking friends and rescuing the wounded.  The noise was
+comparable to nothing; there is nothing resembling it but thunder and
+cannon, and these are feeble in comparison.
+
+What there is of Mauritius is beautiful.  You have undulating wide
+expanses of sugar-cane--a fine, fresh green and very pleasant to the eye;
+and everywhere else you have a ragged luxuriance of tropic vegetation of
+vivid greens of varying shades, a wild tangle of underbrush, with
+graceful tall palms lifting their crippled plumes high above it; and you
+have stretches of shady dense forest with limpid streams frolicking
+through them, continually glimpsed and lost and glimpsed again in the
+pleasantest hide-and-seek fashion; and you have some tiny mountains,
+some quaint and picturesque groups of toy peaks, and a dainty little
+vest-pocket Matterhorn; and here and there and now and then a strip of
+sea with a white ruffle of surf breaks into the view.
+
+That is Mauritius; and pretty enough.  The details are few, the massed
+result is charming, but not imposing; not riotous, not exciting; it is a
+Sunday landscape.  Perspective, and the enchantments wrought by distance,
+are wanting.  There are no distances; there is no perspective, so to
+speak.  Fifteen miles as the crow flies is the usual limit of vision.
+Mauritius is a garden and a park combined.  It affects one's emotions as
+parks and gardens affect them.  The surfaces of one's spiritual deeps are
+pleasantly played upon, the deeps themselves are not reached, not
+stirred.  Spaciousness, remote altitudes, the sense of mystery which
+haunts apparently inaccessible mountain domes and summits reposing in the
+sky--these are the things which exalt the spirit and move it to see
+visions and dream dreams.
+
+The Sandwich Islands remain my ideal of the perfect thing in the matter
+of tropical islands.  I would add another story to Mauna Loa's 16,000
+feet if I could, and make it particularly bold and steep and craggy and
+forbidding and snowy; and I would make the volcano spout its lava-floods
+out of its summit instead of its sides; but aside from these
+non-essentials I have no corrections to suggest.  I hope these will be
+attended to; I do not wish to have to speak of it again.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIV.
+
+When your watch gets out of order you have choice of two things to do:
+throw it in the fire or take it to the watch-tinker.  The former is the
+quickest.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The Arundel Castle is the finest boat I have seen in these seas.  She is
+thoroughly modern, and that statement covers a great deal of ground.  She
+has the usual defect, the common defect, the universal defect, the defect
+that has never been missing from any ship that ever sailed--she has
+imperfect beds.  Many ships have good beds, but no ship has very good
+ones.  In the matter of beds all ships have been badly edited, ignorantly
+edited, from the beginning.  The selection of the beds is given to some
+hearty, strong-backed, self-made man, when it ought to be given to a
+frail woman accustomed from girlhood to backaches and insomnia.  Nothing
+is so rare, on either side of the ocean, as a perfect bed; nothing is so
+difficult to make.  Some of the hotels on both sides provide it, but no
+ship ever does or ever did.  In Noah's Ark the beds were simply
+scandalous.  Noah set the fashion, and it will endure in one degree of
+modification or another till the next flood.
+
+8 A.M.  Passing Isle de Bourbon.  Broken-up sky-line of volcanic
+mountains in the middle.  Surely it would not cost much to repair them,
+and it seems inexcusable neglect to leave them as they are.
+
+It seems stupid to send tired men to Europe to rest.  It is no proper
+rest for the mind to clatter from town to town in the dust and cinders,
+and examine galleries and architecture, and be always meeting people and
+lunching and teaing and dining, and receiving worrying cables and
+letters.  And a sea voyage on the Atlantic is of no use--voyage too
+short, sea too rough.  The peaceful Indian and Pacific Oceans and the
+long stretches of time are the healing thing.
+
+May 2, AM.  A fair, great ship in sight, almost the first we have seen in
+these weeks of lonely voyaging.  We are now in the Mozambique Channel,
+between Madagascar and South Africa, sailing straight west for Delagoa
+Bay.
+
+Last night, the burly chief engineer, middle-aged, was standing telling a
+spirited seafaring tale, and had reached the most exciting place, where a
+man overboard was washing swiftly astern on the great seas, and uplifting
+despairing cries, everybody racing aft in a frenzy of excitement and
+fading hope, when the band, which had been silent a moment, began
+impressively its closing piece, the English national anthem.  As simply
+as if he was unconscious of what he was doing, he stopped his story,
+uncovered, laid his laced cap against his breast, and slightly bent his
+grizzled head.  The few bars finished, he put on his cap and took up his
+tale again, as naturally as if that interjection of music had been a part
+of it.  There was something touching and fine about it, and it was moving
+to reflect that he was one of a myriad, scattered over every part of the
+globe, who by turn was doing as he was doing every hour of the
+twenty-four--those awake doing it while the others slept--those
+impressive bars forever floating up out of the various climes, never
+silent and never lacking reverent listeners.
+
+All that I remember about Madagascar is that Thackeray's little Billie
+went up to the top of the mast and there knelt him upon his knee, saying,
+"I see
+
+               "Jerusalem and Madagascar,
+               And North and South Amerikee."
+
+May 3.  Sunday.  Fifteen or twenty Africanders who will end their voyage
+to-day and strike for their several homes from Delagoa Bay to-morrow, sat
+up singing on the afterdeck in the moonlight till 3 A.M.  Good fun and
+wholesome.  And the songs were clean songs, and some of them were
+hallowed by tender associations.  Finally, in a pause, a man asked, "Have
+you heard about the fellow that kept a diary crossing the Atlantic?"
+It was a discord, a wet blanket.  The men were not in the mood for
+humorous dirt.  The songs had carried them to their homes, and in spirit
+they sat by those far hearthstones, and saw faces and heard voices other
+than those that were about them.  And so this disposition to drag in an
+old indecent anecdote got no welcome; nobody answered.  The poor man
+hadn't wit enough to see that he had blundered, but asked his question
+again.  Again there was no response.  It was embarrassing for him.  In
+his confusion he chose the wrong course, did the wrong thing--began the
+anecdote.  Began it in a deep and hostile stillness, where had been such
+life and stir and warm comradeship before.  He delivered himself of the
+brief details of the diary's first day, and did it with some confidence
+and a fair degree of eagerness.  It fell flat.  There was an awkward
+pause.  The two rows of men sat like statues.  There was no movement, no
+sound.  He had to go on; there was no other way, at least none that an
+animal of his calibre could think of.  At the close of each day's diary,
+the same dismal silence followed.  When at last he finished his tale and
+sprung the indelicate surprise which is wont to fetch a crash of
+laughter, not a ripple of sound resulted.  It was as if the tale had been
+told to dead men.  After what seemed a long, long time, somebody sighed,
+somebody else stirred in his seat; presently, the men dropped into a low
+murmur of confidential talk, each with his neighbor, and the incident was
+closed.  There were indications that that man was fond of his anecdote;
+that it was his pet, his standby, his shot that never missed, his
+reputation-maker.  But he will never tell it again.  No doubt he will
+think of it sometimes, for that cannot well be helped; and then he will
+see a picture, and always the same picture--the double rank of dead men;
+the vacant deck stretching away in dimming perspective beyond them, the
+wide desert of smooth sea all abroad; the rim of the moon spying from
+behind a rag of black cloud; the remote top of the mizzenmast shearing a
+zigzag path through the fields of stars in the deeps of space; and this
+soft picture will remind him of the time that he sat in the midst of it
+and told his poor little tale and felt so lonesome when he got through.
+
+Fifty Indians and Chinamen asleep in a big tent in the waist of the ship
+forward; they lie side by side with no space between; the former wrapped
+up, head and all, as in the Indian streets, the Chinamen uncovered; the
+lamp and things for opium smoking in the center.
+
+A passenger said it was ten 2-ton truck loads of dynamite that lately
+exploded at Johannesburg.  Hundreds killed; he doesn't know how many;
+limbs picked up for miles around.  Glass shattered, and roofs swept away
+or collapsed 200 yards off; fragment of iron flung three and a half
+miles.
+
+It occurred at 3 p.m.; at 6, L65,000 had been subscribed.  When this
+passenger left, L35,000 had been voted by city and state governments and
+L100,000 by citizens and business corporations.  When news of the
+disaster was telephoned to the Exchange L35,000 were subscribed in the
+first five minutes.  Subscribing was still going on when he left; the
+papers had ceased the names, only the amounts--too many names; not enough
+room.  L100,000 subscribed by companies and citizens; if this is true, it
+must be what they call in Australia "a record"--the biggest instance of a
+spontaneous outpour for charity in history, considering the size of the
+population it was drawn from, $8 or $10 for each white resident, babies
+at the breast included.
+
+Monday, May 4.  Steaming slowly in the stupendous Delagoa Bay, its dim
+arms stretching far away and disappearing on both sides.  It could
+furnish plenty of room for all the ships in the world, but it is shoal.
+The lead has given us 3 1/2 fathoms several times and we are drawing
+that, lacking 6 inches.
+
+A bold headland--precipitous wall, 150 feet high, very strong, red color,
+stretching a mile or so.  A man said it was Portuguese blood--battle
+fought here with the natives last year.  I think this doubtful.  Pretty
+cluster of houses on the tableland above the red-and rolling stretches of
+grass and groups of trees, like England.
+
+The Portuguese have the railroad (one passenger train a day) to the
+border--70 miles--then the Netherlands Company have it.  Thousands of
+tons of freight on the shore--no cover.  This is Portuguese allover
+--indolence, piousness, poverty, impotence.
+
+Crews of small boats and tugs, all jet black woolly heads and very
+muscular.
+
+Winter.  The South African winter is just beginning now, but nobody but
+an expert can tell it from summer.  However, I am tired of summer; we
+have had it unbroken for eleven months.  We spent the afternoon on shore,
+Delagoa Bay.  A small town--no sights.  No carriages.  Three 'rickshas,
+but we couldn't get them--apparently private.  These Portuguese are a
+rich brown, like some of the Indians.  Some of the blacks have the long
+horse beads and very long chins of the negroes of the picture books; but
+most of them are exactly like the negroes of our Southern States round
+faces, flat noses, good-natured, and easy laughers.
+
+Flocks of black women passed along, carrying outrageously heavy bags of
+freight on their heads. The quiver of their leg as the foot was planted
+and the strain exhibited by their bodies showed what a tax upon their
+strength the load was.  They were stevedores and doing full stevedores
+work.  They were very erect when unladden--from carrying heavy loads on
+their heads--just like the Indian women. It gives them a proud fine
+carriage.
+
+Sometimes one saw a woman carrying on her head a laden and top-heavy
+basket the shape of an inverted pyramid-its top the size of a soup-plate,
+its base the diameter of a teacup.  It required nice balancing--and got
+it.
+
+No bright colors; yet there were a good many Hindoos.
+
+The Second Class Passenger came over as usual at "lights out" (11) and we
+lounged along the spacious vague solitudes of the deck and smoked the
+peaceful pipe and talked.  He told me an incident in Mr. Barnum's life
+which was evidently characteristic of that great showman in several ways:
+
+This was Barnum's purchase of Shakespeare's birthplace, a quarter of a
+century ago.  The Second Class Passenger was in Jamrach's employ at the
+time and knew Barnum well.  He said the thing began in this way.  One
+morning Barnum and Jamrach were in Jamrach's little private snuggery back
+of the wilderness of caged monkeys and snakes and other commonplaces of
+Jamrach's stock in trade, refreshing themselves after an arduous stroke
+of business, Jamrach with something orthodox, Barnum with something
+heterodox--for Barnum was a teetotaler.  The stroke of business was in
+the elephant line.  Jamrach had contracted to deliver to Barnum in New
+York 18 elephants for $360,000 in time for the next season's opening.
+Then it occurred to Mr. Barnum that he needed a "card" He suggested
+Jumbo.  Jamrach said he would have to think of something else--Jumbo
+couldn't be had; the Zoo wouldn't part with that elephant.  Barnum said
+he was willing to pay a fortune for Jumbo if he could get him.  Jamrach
+said it was no use to think about it; that Jumbo was as popular as the
+Prince of Wales and the Zoo wouldn't dare to sell him; all England would
+be outraged at the idea; Jumbo was an English institution; he was part of
+the national glory; one might as well think of buying the Nelson
+monument.  Barnum spoke up with vivacity and said:
+
+"It's a first-rate idea.  I'll buy the Monument."
+
+Jamrach was speechless for a second.  Then he said, like one ashamed
+"You caught me.  I was napping.  For a moment I thought you were in
+earnest."
+
+Barnum said pleasantly--
+
+"I was in earnest.  I know they won't sell it, but no matter, I will not
+throw away a good idea for all that.  All I want is a big advertisement.
+I will keep the thing in mind, and if nothing better turns up I will
+offer to buy it.  That will answer every purpose.  It will furnish me a
+couple of columns of gratis advertising in every English and American
+paper for a couple of months, and give my show the biggest boom a show
+ever had in this world."
+
+Jamrach started to deliver a burst of admiration, but was interrupted by
+Barnum, who said:
+
+"Here is a state of things!  England ought to blush."
+
+His eye had fallen upon something in the newspaper.  He read it through
+to himself, then read it aloud.  It said that the house that Shakespeare
+was born in at Stratford-on-Avon was falling gradually to ruin through
+neglect; that the room where the poet first saw the light was now serving
+as a butcher's shop; that all appeals to England to contribute money (the
+requisite sum stated) to buy and repair the house and place it in the
+care of salaried and trustworthy keepers had fallen resultless.  Then
+Barnum said:
+
+"There's my chance.  Let Jumbo and the Monument alone for the present
+--they'll keep.  I'll buy Shakespeare's house.  I'll set it up in my
+Museum in New York and put a glass case around it and make a sacred thing
+of it; and you'll see all America flock there to worship; yes, and
+pilgrims from the whole earth; and I'll make them take their hats off,
+too.  In America we know how to value anything that Shakespeare's touch
+has made holy. You'll see."
+
+In conclusion the S. C. P.  said:
+
+"That is the way the thing came about.  Barnum did buy Shakespeare's
+house.  He paid the price asked, and received the properly attested
+documents of sale.  Then there was an explosion, I can tell you.  England
+rose!  That, the birthplace of the master-genius of all the ages and all
+the climes--that priceless possession of Britain--to be carted out of the
+country like so much old lumber and set up for sixpenny desecration in a
+Yankee show-shop--the idea was not to be tolerated for a moment.  England
+rose in her indignation; and Barnum was glad to relinquish his prize and
+offer apologies.  However, he stood out for a compromise; he claimed a
+concession--England must let him have Jumbo.  And England consented, but
+not cheerfully."
+
+It shows how, by help of time, a story can grow--even after Barnum has
+had the first innings in the telling of it.  Mr. Barnum told me the story
+himself, years ago.  He said that the permission to buy Jumbo was not a
+concession; the purchase was made and the animal delivered before the
+public knew anything about it.  Also, that the securing of Jumbo was all
+the advertisement he needed.  It produced many columns of newspaper talk,
+free of cost, and he was satisfied.  He said that if he had failed to get
+Jumbo he would have caused his notion of buying the Nelson Monument to be
+treacherously smuggled into print by some trusty friend, and after he had
+gotten a few hundred pages of gratuitous advertising out of it, he would
+have come out with a blundering, obtuse, but warm-hearted letter of
+apology, and in a postscript to it would have naively proposed to let the
+Monument go, and take Stonehenge in place of it at the same price.
+
+It was his opinion that such a letter, written with well-simulated
+asinine innocence and gush would have gotten his ignorance and stupidity
+an amount of newspaper abuse worth six fortunes to him, and not
+purchasable for twice the money.
+
+I knew Mr. Barnum well, and I placed every confidence in the account
+which he gave me of the Shakespeare birthplace episode.  He said he found
+the house neglected and going-to decay, and he inquired into the matter
+and was told that many times earnest efforts had been made to raise money
+for its proper repair and preservation, but without success.  He then
+proposed to buy it.  The proposition was entertained, and a price named
+--$50,000, I think; but whatever it was, Barnum paid the money down,
+without remark, and the papers were drawn up and executed.  He said that
+it had been his purpose to set up the house in his Museum, keep it in
+repair, protect it from name-scribblers and other desecrators, and leave
+it by bequest to the safe and perpetual guardianship of the Smithsonian
+Institute at Washington.
+
+But as soon as it was found that Shakespeare's house had passed into
+foreign hands and was going to be carried across the ocean, England was
+stirred as no appeal from the custodians of the relic had ever stirred
+England before, and protests came flowing in--and money, too, to stop the
+outrage.  Offers of repurchase were made--offers of double the money that
+Mr. Barnum had paid for the house.  He handed the house back, but took
+only the sum which it had cost him--but on the condition that an
+endowment sufficient for the future safeguarding and maintenance of the
+sacred relic should be raised.  This condition was fulfilled.
+
+That was Barnum's account of the episode; and to the end of his days he
+claimed with pride and satisfaction that not England, but America
+--represented by him--saved the birthplace of Shakespeare from destruction.
+
+At 3 P.M., May 6th, the ship slowed down, off the land, and thoughtfully
+and cautiously picked her way into the snug harbor of Durban, South
+Africa.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXV.
+
+In statesmanship get the formalities right, never mind about the
+moralities.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+FROM DIARY:
+
+Royal Hotel.  Comfortable, good table, good service of natives and
+Madrasis.  Curious jumble of modern and ancient city and village,
+primitiveness and the other thing.  Electric bells, but they don't ring.
+Asked why they didn't, the watchman in the office said he thought they
+must be out of order; he thought so because some of them rang, but most
+of them didn't.  Wouldn't it be a good idea to put them in order?  He
+hesitated--like one who isn't quite sure--then conceded the point.
+
+May 7.  A bang on the door at 6.  Did I want my boots cleaned?  Fifteen
+minutes later another bang.  Did we want coffee?  Fifteen later, bang
+again, my wife's bath ready; 15 later, my bath ready.  Two other bangs;
+I forget what they were about.  Then lots of shouting back and forth,
+among the servants just as in an Indian hotel.
+
+Evening.  At 4 P.M.  it was unpleasantly warm.  Half-hour after sunset
+one needed a spring overcoat; by 8 a winter one.
+
+Durban is a neat and clean town.  One notices that without having his
+attention called to it.
+
+Rickshaws drawn by splendidly built black Zulus, so overflowing with
+strength, seemingly, that it is a pleasure, not a pain, to see them
+snatch a rickshaw along.  They smile and laugh and show their teeth--a
+good-natured lot.  Not allowed to drink; 2s per hour for one person; 3s
+for two; 3d for a course--one person.
+
+The chameleon in the hotel court.  He is fat and indolent and
+contemplative; but is business-like and capable when a fly comes about
+--reaches out a tongue like a teaspoon and takes him in.  He gums his
+tongue first.  He is always pious, in his looks.  And pious and thankful
+both, when Providence or one of us sends him a fly.  He has a froggy
+head, and a back like a new grave--for shape; and hands like a bird's
+toes that have been frostbitten.  But his eyes are his exhibition
+feature.  A couple of skinny cones project from the sides of his head,
+with a wee shiny bead of an eye set in the apex of each; and these cones
+turn bodily like pivot-guns and point every-which-way, and they are
+independent of each other; each has its own exclusive machinery.  When I
+am behind him and C. in front of him, he whirls one eye rearwards and the
+other forwards--which gives him a most Congressional expression (one eye
+on the constituency and one on the swag); and then if something happens
+above and below him he shoots out one eye upward like a telescope and the
+other downward--and this changes his expression, but does not improve it.
+
+Natives must not be out after the curfew bell without a pass.  In Natal
+there are ten blacks to one white.
+
+Sturdy plump creatures are the women.  They comb their wool up to a peak
+and keep it in position by stiffening it with brown-red clay--half of
+this tower colored, denotes engagement; the whole of it colored denotes
+marriage.
+
+None but heathen Zulus on the police; Christian ones not allowed.
+
+May 9.  A drive yesterday with friends over the Berea.  Very fine roads
+and lofty, overlooking the whole town, the harbor, and the sea-beautiful
+views.  Residences all along, set in the midst of green lawns with shrubs
+and generally one or two intensely red outbursts of poinsettia--the
+flaming splotch of blinding red a stunning contrast with the world of
+surrounding green.  The cactus tree--candelabrum-like; and one twisted
+like gray writhing serpents.  The "flat-crown" (should be flat-roof)
+--half a dozen naked branches full of elbows, slant upward like artificial
+supports, and fling a roof of delicate foliage out in a horizontal
+platform as flat as a floor; and you look up through this thin floor as
+through a green cobweb or veil.  The branches are japanesich.  All about
+you is a bewildering variety of unfamiliar and beautiful trees; one sort
+wonderfully dense foliage and very dark green--so dark that you notice it
+at once, notwithstanding there are so many orange trees.  The
+"flamboyant"--not in flower, now, but when in flower lives up to its
+name, we are told.  Another tree with a lovely upright tassel scattered
+among its rich greenery, red and glowing as a firecoal.  Here and there a
+gum-tree; half a dozen lofty Norfolk Island pines lifting their fronded
+arms skyward.  Groups of tall bamboo.
+
+Saw one bird.  Not many birds here, and they have no music--and the
+flowers not much smell, they grow so fast.
+
+Everything neat and trim and clean like the town.  The loveliest trees
+and the greatest variety I have ever seen anywhere, except approaching
+Darjeeling.  Have not heard anyone call Natal the garden of South Africa,
+but that is what it probably is.
+
+It was when Bishop of Natal that Colenso raised such a storm in the
+religious world.  The concerns of religion are a vital matter here yet.
+A vigilant eye is kept upon Sunday.  Museums and other dangerous resorts
+are not allowed to be open.  You may sail on the Bay, but it is wicked to
+play cricket.  For a while a Sunday concert was tolerated, upon condition
+that it must be admission free and the money taken by collection.  But
+the collection was alarmingly large and that stopped the matter.  They
+are particular about babies.  A clergyman would not bury a child
+according to the sacred rites because it had not been baptized.  The
+Hindoo is more liberal.  He burns no child under three, holding that it
+does not need purifying.
+
+The King of the Zulus, a fine fellow of 30, was banished six years ago
+for a term of seven years.  He is occupying Napoleon's old stand--St.
+Helena.  The people are a little nervous about having him come back, and
+they may well be, for Zulu kings have been terrible people sometimes
+--like Tchaka, Dingaan, and Cetewayo.
+
+There is a large Trappist monastery two hours from Durban, over the
+country roads, and in company with Mr. Milligan and Mr. Hunter, general
+manager of the Natal government railways, who knew the heads of it, we
+went out to see it.
+
+There it all was, just as one reads about it in books and cannot believe
+that it is so--I mean the rough, hard work, the impossible hours, the
+scanty food, the coarse raiment, the Maryborough beds, the tabu of human
+speech, of social intercourse, of relaxation, of amusement, of
+entertainment, of the presence of woman in the men's establishment.
+There it all was.  It was not a dream, it was not a lie.  And yet with
+the fact before one's face it was still incredible.  It is such a
+sweeping suppression of human instincts, such an extinction of the man as
+an individual.
+
+La Trappe must have known the human race well.  The scheme which he
+invented hunts out everything that a man wants and values--and withholds
+it from him.  Apparently there is no detail that can help make life worth
+living that has not been carefully ascertained and placed out of the
+Trappist's reach.  La Trappe must have known that there were men who
+would enjoy this kind of misery, but how did he find it out?
+
+If he had consulted you or me he would have been told that his scheme
+lacked too many attractions; that it was impossible; that it could never
+be floated.  But there in the monastery was proof that he knew the human
+race better than it knew itself.  He set his foot upon every desire that
+a man has--yet he floated his project, and it has prospered for two
+hundred years, and will go on prospering forever, no doubt.
+
+Man likes personal distinction--there in the monastery it is obliterated.
+He likes delicious food--there he gets beans and bread and tea, and not
+enough of it.  He likes to lie softly--there he lies on a sand mattress,
+and has a pillow and a blanket, but no sheet.  When he is dining, in a
+great company of friends, he likes to laugh and chat--there a monk reads
+a holy book aloud during meals, and nobody speaks or laughs.  When a man
+has a hundred friends about him, evenings, be likes to have a good time
+and run late--there he and the rest go silently to bed at 8; and in the
+dark, too; there is but a loose brown robe to discard, there are no
+night-clothes to put on, a light is not needed.  Man likes to lie abed
+late there he gets up once or twice in the night to perform some
+religious office, and gets up finally for the day at two in the morning.
+Man likes light work or none at all--there he labors all day in the
+field, or in the blacksmith shop or the other shops devoted to the
+mechanical trades, such as shoemaking, saddlery, carpentry, and so on.
+Man likes the society of girls and women--there he never has it.  He
+likes to have his children about him, and pet them and play with them
+--there he has none.  He likes billiards--there is no table there.  He
+likes outdoor sports and indoor dramatic and musical and social
+entertainments--there are none there.  He likes to bet on things--I was
+told that betting is forbidden there.  When a man's temper is up he likes
+to pour it out upon somebody there this is not allowed.  A man likes
+animals--pets; there are none there.  He likes to smoke--there he cannot
+do it.  He likes to read the news--no papers or magazines come there.  A
+man likes to know how his parents and brothers and sisters are getting
+along when he is away, and if they miss him--there he cannot know.  A man
+likes a pretty house, and pretty furniture, and pretty things, and pretty
+colors--there he has nothing but naked aridity and sombre colors.  A man
+likes--name it yourself: whatever it is, it is absent from that place.
+
+From what I could learn, all that a man gets for this is merely the
+saving of his soul.
+
+It all seems strange, incredible, impossible.  But La Trappe knew the
+race.  He knew the powerful attraction of unattractiveness; he knew that
+no life could be imagined, howsoever comfortless and forbidding, but
+somebody would want to try it.
+
+This parent establishment of Germans began its work fifteen years ago,
+strangers, poor, and unencouraged; it owns 15,000 acres of land now, and
+raises grain and fruit, and makes wines, and manufactures all manner of
+things, and has native apprentices in its shops, and sends them forth
+able to read and write, and also well equipped to earn their living by
+their trades.  And this young establishment has set up eleven branches in
+South Africa, and in them they are christianizing and educating and
+teaching wage-yielding mechanical trades to 1,200 boys and girls.
+Protestant Missionary work is coldly regarded by the commercial white
+colonist all over the heathen world, as a rule, and its product is
+nicknamed "rice-Christians" (occupationless incapables who join the
+church for revenue only), but I think it would be difficult to pick a
+flaw in the work of these Catholic monks, and I believe that the
+disposition to attempt it has not shown itself.
+
+Tuesday, May 12.  Transvaal politics in a confused condition.  First the
+sentencing of the Johannesburg Reformers startled England by its
+severity; on the top of this came Kruger's exposure of the cipher
+correspondence, which showed that the invasion of the Transvaal, with the
+design of seizing that country and adding it to the British Empire, was
+planned by Cecil Rhodes and Beit--which made a revulsion in English
+feeling, and brought out a storm against Rhodes and the Chartered Company
+for degrading British honor.  For a good while I couldn't seem to get at
+a clear comprehension of it, it was so tangled.  But at last by patient
+study I have managed it, I believe.  As I understand it, the Uitlanders
+and other Dutchmen were dissatisfied because the English would not allow
+them to take any part in the government except to pay taxes.  Next, as I
+understand it, Dr. Kruger and Dr. Jameson, not having been able to make
+the medical business pay, made a raid into Matabeleland with the
+intention of capturing the capital, Johannesburg, and holding the women
+and children to ransom until the Uitlanders and the other Boers should
+grant to them and the Chartered Company the political rights which had
+been withheld from them.  They would have succeeded in this great scheme,
+as I understand it, but for the interference of Cecil Rhodes and Mr.
+Beit, and other Chiefs of the Matabele, who persuaded their countrymen to
+revolt and throw off their allegiance to Germany.  This, in turn, as I
+understand it, provoked the King of Abyssinia to destroy the Italian army
+and fall back upon Johannesburg; this at the instigation of Rhodes, to
+bull the stock market.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXVI.
+
+Every one is a moon, and has a dark side which he never shows to anybody.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+When I scribbled in my note-book a year ago the paragraph which ends the
+preceding chapter, it was meant to indicate, in an extravagant form, two
+things: the conflicting nature of the information conveyed by the citizen
+to the stranger concerning South African politics, and the resulting
+confusion created in the stranger's mind thereby.
+
+But it does not seem so very extravagant now.  Nothing could in that
+disturbed and excited time make South African politics clear or quite
+rational to the citizen of the country because his personal interest and
+his political prejudices were in his way; and nothing could make those
+politics clear or rational to the stranger, the sources of his
+information being such as they were.
+
+I was in South Africa some little time.  When I arrived there the
+political pot was boiling fiercely.  Four months previously, Jameson had
+plunged over the Transvaal border with about 600 armed horsemen at his
+back, to go to the "relief of the women and children" of Johannesburg; on
+the fourth day of his march the Boers had defeated him in battle, and
+carried him and his men to Pretoria, the capital, as prisoners; the Boer
+government had turned Jameson and his officers over to the British
+government for trial, and shipped them to England; next, it had arrested
+64 important citizens of Johannesburg as raid-conspirators, condemned
+their four leaders to death, then commuted the sentences, and now the 64
+were waiting, in jail, for further results.  Before midsummer they were
+all out excepting two, who refused to sign the petitions for release; 58
+had been fined $10,000 each and enlarged, and the four leaders had gotten
+off with fines of $125,000 each with permanent exile added, in one case.
+
+Those were wonderfully interesting days for a stranger, and I was glad.
+to be in the thick of the excitement.  Everybody was talking, and I
+expected to understand the whole of one side of it in a very little
+while.
+
+I was disappointed.  There were singularities, perplexities,
+unaccountabilities about it which I was not able to master.  I had no
+personal access to Boers--their side was a secret to me, aside from what
+I was able to gather of it from published statements.  My sympathies were
+soon with the Reformers in the Pretoria jail, with their friends, and
+with their cause.  By diligent inquiry in Johannesburg I found out
+--apparently--all the details of their side of the quarrel except one--what
+they expected to accomplish by an armed rising.
+
+Nobody seemed to know.
+
+The reason why the Reformers were discontented and wanted some changes
+made, seemed quite clear.  In Johannesburg it was claimed that the
+Uitlanders (strangers, foreigners) paid thirteen-fifteenths of the
+Transvaal taxes, yet got little or nothing for it.  Their city had no
+charter; it had no municipal government; it could levy no taxes for
+drainage, water-supply, paving, cleaning, sanitation, policing.  There
+was a police force, but it was composed of Boers, it was furnished by the
+State Government, and the city had no control over it.  Mining was very
+costly; the government enormously increased the cost by putting
+burdensome taxes upon the mines, the output, the machinery, the
+buildings; by burdensome imposts upon incoming materials; by burdensome
+railway-freight-charges.  Hardest of all to bear, the government reserved
+to itself a monopoly in that essential thing, dynamite, and burdened it
+with an extravagant price.  The detested Hollander from over the water
+held all the public offices.  The government was rank with corruption.
+The Uitlander had no vote, and must live in the State ten or twelve years
+before he could get one.  He was not represented in the Raad
+(legislature) that oppressed him and fleeced him.  Religion was not free.
+There were no schools where the teaching was in English, yet the great
+majority of the white population of the State knew no tongue but that.
+The State would not pass a liquor law; but allowed a great trade in cheap
+vile brandy among the blacks, with the result that 25 per cent. of the
+50,000 blacks employed in the mines were usually drunk and incapable of
+working.
+
+There--it was plain enough that the reasons for wanting some changes made
+were abundant and reasonable, if this statement of the existing
+grievances was correct.
+
+What the Uitlanders wanted was reform--under the existing Republic.
+
+What they proposed to do was to secure these reforms by, prayer,
+petition, and persuasion.
+
+They did petition.  Also, they issued a Manifesto, whose very first note
+is a bugle-blast of loyalty: "We want the establishment of this Republic
+as a true Republic."
+
+Could anything be clearer than the Uitlander's statement of the
+grievances and oppressions under which they were suffering?  Could
+anything be more legal and citizen-like and law-respecting than their
+attitude as expressed by their Manifesto?  No.  Those things were
+perfectly clear, perfectly comprehensible.
+
+But at this point the puzzles and riddles and confusions begin to flock
+in.  You have arrived at a place which you cannot quite understand.
+
+For you find that as a preparation for this loyal, lawful, and in every
+way unexceptionable attempt to persuade the government to right their
+grievances, the Uitlanders had smuggled a Maxim gun or two and 1,500
+muskets into the town, concealed in oil tanks and coal cars, and had
+begun to form and drill military companies composed of clerks, merchants,
+and citizens generally.
+
+What was their idea?  Did they suppose that the Boers would attack them
+for petitioning, for redress?  That could not be.
+
+Did they suppose that the Boers would attack them even for issuing a
+Manifesto demanding relief under the existing government?
+
+Yes, they apparently believed so, because the air was full of talk of
+forcing the government to grant redress if it were not granted
+peacefully.
+
+The Reformers were men of high intelligence.  If they were in earnest,
+they were taking extraordinary risks.  They had enormously valuable
+properties to defend; their town was full of women and children; their
+mines and compounds were packed with thousands upon thousands of sturdy
+blacks.  If the Boers attacked, the mines would close, the blacks would
+swarm out and get drunk; riot and conflagration and the Boers together
+might lose the Reformers more in a day, in money, blood, and suffering,
+than the desired political relief could compensate in ten years if they
+won the fight and secured the reforms.
+
+It is May, 1897, now; a year has gone by, and the confusions of that day
+have been to a considerable degree cleared away.  Mr. Cecil Rhodes, Dr.
+Jameson, and others responsible for the Raid, have testified before the
+Parliamentary Committee of Inquiry in London, and so have Mr. Lionel
+Phillips and other Johannesburg Reformers, monthly-nurses of the
+Revolution which was born dead.  These testimonies have thrown light.
+Three books have added much to this light:
+
+"South Africa As It Is," by Mr. Statham, an able writer partial to the
+Boers; "The Story of an African Crisis," by Mr. Garrett, a brilliant
+writer partial to Rhodes; and "A Woman's Part in a Revolution," by Mrs.
+John Hays Hammond, a vigorous and vivid diarist, partial to the
+Reformers.  By liquifying the evidence of the prejudiced books and of the
+prejudiced parliamentary witnesses and stirring the whole together and
+pouring it into my own (prejudiced) moulds, I have got at the truth of
+that puzzling South African situation, which is this:
+
+1.  The capitalists and other chief men of Johannesburg were fretting
+under various political and financial burdens imposed by the State (the
+South African Republic, sometimes called "the Transvaal") and desired to
+procure by peaceful means a modification of the laws.
+
+2.  Mr. Cecil Rhodes, Premier of the British Cape Colony, millionaire,
+creator and managing director of the territorially-immense and
+financially unproductive South Africa Company; projector of vast schemes
+for the unification and consolidation of all the South African States,
+one imposing commonwealth or empire under the shadow and general
+protection of the British flag, thought he saw an opportunity to make
+profitable use of the Uitlander discontent above mentioned--make the
+Johannesburg cat help pull out one of his consolidation chestnuts for
+him.  With this view he set himself the task of warming the lawful and
+legitimate petitions and supplications of the Uitlanders into seditious
+talk, and their frettings into threatenings--the final outcome to be
+revolt and armed rebellion.  If he could bring about a bloody collision
+between those people and the Boer government, Great Britain would have to
+interfere; her interference would be resisted by the Boers; she would
+chastise them and add the Transvaal to her South African possessions.  It
+was not a foolish idea, but a rational and practical one.
+
+After a couple of years of judicious plotting, Mr. Rhodes had his reward;
+the revolutionary kettle was briskly boiling in Johannesburg, and the
+Uitlander leaders were backing their appeals to the government--now
+hardened into demands--by threats of force and bloodshed.  By the middle
+of December, 1895, the explosion seemed imminent.  Mr. Rhodes was
+diligently helping, from his distant post in Cape Town.  He was helping
+to procure arms for Johannesburg; he was also arranging to have Jameson
+break over the border and come to Johannesburg with 600 mounted men at
+his back.  Jameson--as per instructions from Rhodes, perhaps--wanted a
+letter from the Reformers requesting him to come to their aid.  It was a
+good idea.  It would throw a considerable share of the responsibility of
+his invasion upon the Reformers.  He got the letter--that famous one
+urging him to fly to the rescue of the women and children.  He got it two
+months before he flew.  The Reformers seem to have thought it over and
+concluded that they had not done wisely; for the next day after giving
+Jameson the implicating document they wanted to withdraw it and leave the
+women and children in danger; but they were told that it was too late.
+The original had gone to Mr. Rhodes at the Cape.  Jameson had kept a
+copy, though.
+
+From that time until the 29th of December, a good deal of the Reformers'
+time was taken up with energetic efforts to keep Jameson from coming to
+their assistance.  Jameson's invasion had been set for the 26th.  The
+Reformers were not ready.  The town was not united.  Some wanted a fight,
+some wanted peace; some wanted a new government, some wanted the existing
+one reformed; apparently very few wanted the revolution to take place in
+the interest and under the ultimate shelter of the Imperial flag
+--British; yet a report began to spread that Mr. Rhodes's embarrassing
+assistance had for its end this latter object.
+
+Jameson was away up on the frontier tugging at his leash, fretting to
+burst over the border.  By hard work the Reformers got his starting-date
+postponed a little, and wanted to get it postponed eleven days.
+Apparently, Rhodes's agents were seconding their efforts--in fact wearing
+out the telegraph wires trying to hold him back.  Rhodes was himself the
+only man who could have effectively postponed Jameson, but that would
+have been a disadvantage to his scheme; indeed, it could spoil his whole
+two years' work.
+
+Jameson endured postponement three days, then resolved to wait no longer.
+Without any orders--excepting Mr. Rhodes's significant silence--he cut
+the telegraph wires on the 29th, and made his plunge that night, to go to
+the rescue of the women and children, by urgent request of a letter now
+nine days old--as per date,--a couple of months old, in fact.  He read
+the letter to his men, and it affected them.  It did not affect all of
+them alike.  Some saw in it a piece of piracy of doubtful wisdom, and
+were sorry to find that they had been assembled to violate friendly
+territory instead of to raid native kraals, as they had supposed.
+
+Jameson would have to ride 150 miles.  He knew that there were suspicions
+abroad in the Transvaal concerning him, but he expected to get through to
+Johannesburg before they should become general and obstructive. But a
+telegraph wire had been overlooked and not cut.  It spread the news of
+his invasion far and wide, and a few hours after his start the Boer
+farmers were riding hard from every direction to intercept him.
+
+As soon as it was known in Johannesburg that he was on his way to rescue
+the women and children, the grateful people put the women and children in
+a train and rushed them for Australia.  In fact, the approach of
+Johannesburg's saviour created panic and consternation; there, and a
+multitude of males of peaceable disposition swept to the trains like a
+sand-storm.  The early ones fared best; they secured seats--by sitting in
+them--eight hours before the first train was timed to leave.
+
+Mr. Rhodes lost no time.  He cabled the renowned Johannesburg letter of
+invitation to the London press--the gray-headedest piece of ancient
+history that ever went over a cable.
+
+The new poet laureate lost no time.  He came out with a rousing poem
+lauding Jameson's prompt and splendid heroism in flying to the rescue of
+the women and children; for the poet could not know that he did not fly
+until two months after the invitation.  He was deceived by the false date
+of the letter, which was December 20th.
+
+Jameson was intercepted by the Boers on New Year's Day, and on the next
+day he surrendered.  He had carried his copy of the letter along, and if
+his instructions required him--in case of emergency--to see that it fell
+into the hands of the Boers, he loyally carried them out.  Mrs. Hammond
+gives him a sharp rap for his supposed carelessness, and emphasizes her
+feeling about it with burning italics: "It was picked up on the
+battle-field in a leathern pouch, supposed to be Dr. Jameson's saddle-bag.
+Why, in the name of all that is discreet and honorable, didn't he eat it!"
+
+She requires too much.  He was not in the service of the Reformers
+--excepting ostensibly; he was in the service of Mr. Rhodes.  It was the
+only plain English document, undarkened by ciphers and mysteries, and
+responsibly signed and authenticated, which squarely implicated the
+Reformers in the raid, and it was not to Mr. Rhodes's interest that it
+should be eaten.  Besides, that letter was not the original, it was only
+a copy.  Mr. Rhodes had the original--and didn't eat it.  He cabled it to
+the London press.  It had already been read in England and America and
+all over Europe before, Jameson dropped it on the battlefield.  If the
+subordinate's knuckles deserved a rap, the principal's deserved as many
+as a couple of them.
+
+That letter is a juicily dramatic incident and is entitled to all its
+celebrity, because of the odd and variegated effects which it produced.
+All within the space of a single week it had made Jameson an illustrious
+hero in England, a pirate in Pretoria, and an ass without discretion or
+honor in Johannesburg; also it had produced a poet-laureatic explosion of
+colored fireworks which filled the world's sky with giddy splendors, and,
+the knowledge that Jameson was coming with it to rescue the women and
+children emptied Johannesburg of that detail of the population.  For an
+old letter, this was much.  For a letter two months old, it did marvels;
+if it had been a year old it would have done miracles.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXVII.
+
+First catch your Boer, then kick him.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Those latter days were days of bitter worry and trouble for the harassed
+Reformers.
+
+From Mrs. Hammond we learn that on the 31st (the day after Johannesburg
+heard of the invasion), "The Reform Committee repudiates Dr. Jameson's
+inroad."
+
+It also publishes its intention to adhere to the Manifesto.
+
+It also earnestly desires that the inhabitants shall refrain from overt
+acts against the Boer government.
+
+It also "distributes arms" at the Court House, and furnishes horses "to
+the newly-enrolled volunteers."
+
+It also brings a Transvaal flag into the committee-room, and the entire
+body swear allegiance to it "with uncovered heads and upraised arms."
+
+Also "one thousand Lee-Metford rifles have been given out"--to rebels.
+
+Also, in a speech, Reformer Lionel Phillips informs the public that the
+Reform Committee Delegation has "been received with courtesy by the
+Government Commission," and "been assured that their proposals shall be
+earnestly considered."  That "while the Reform Committee regretted
+Jameson's precipitate action, they would stand by him."
+
+Also the populace are in a state of "wild enthusiasm," and "46 can
+scarcely be restrained; they want to go out to meet Jameson and bring him
+in with triumphal outcry."
+
+Also the British High Commissioner has issued a damnifying proclamation
+against Jameson and all British abettors of his game.  It arrives January
+1st.
+
+It is a difficult position for the Reformers, and full of hindrances and
+perplexities.  Their duty is hard, but plain:
+
+1.  They have to repudiate the inroad, and stand by the inroader.
+
+2.  They have to swear allegiance to the Boer government, and distribute
+cavalry horses to the rebels.
+
+3.  They have to forbid overt acts against the Boer government, and
+distribute arms to its enemies.
+
+4.  They have to avoid collision with the British government, but still
+stand by Jameson and their new oath of allegiance to the Boer government,
+taken, uncovered, in presence of its flag.
+
+They did such of these things as they could; they tried to do them all;
+in fact, did do them all, but only in turn, not simultaneously.  In the
+nature of things they could not be made to simultane.
+
+In preparing for armed revolution and in talking revolution, were the
+Reformers "bluffing," or were they in earnest?  If they were in earnest,
+they were taking great risks--as has been already pointed out.  A
+gentleman of high position told me in Johannesburg that he had in his
+possession a printed document proclaiming a new government and naming its
+president--one of the Reform leaders.  He said that this proclamation had
+been ready for issue, but was suppressed when the raid collapsed.
+Perhaps I misunderstood him.  Indeed, I must have misunderstood him, for
+I have not seen mention of this large incident in print anywhere.
+
+Besides, I hope I am mistaken; for, if I am, then there is argument that
+the Reformers were privately not serious, but were only trying to scare
+the Boer government into granting the desired reforms.
+
+The Boer government was scared, and it had a right to be.  For if Mr.
+Rhodes's plan was to provoke a collision that would compel the
+interference of England, that was a serious matter.  If it could be shown
+that that was also the Reformers' plan and purpose, it would prove that
+they had marked out a feasible project, at any rate, although it was one
+which could hardly fail to cost them ruinously before England should
+arrive.  But it seems clear that they had no such plan nor desire.  If,
+when the worst should come to the worst, they meant to overthrow the
+government, they also meant to inherit the assets themselves, no doubt.
+
+This scheme could hardly have succeeded.  With an army of Boers at their
+gates and 50,000 riotous blacks in their midst, the odds against success
+would have been too heavy--even if the whole town had been armed.  With
+only 2,500 rifles in the place, they stood really no chance.
+
+To me, the military problems of the situation are of more interest than
+the political ones, because by disposition I have always been especially
+fond of war.  No, I mean fond of discussing war; and fond of giving
+military advice.  If I had been with Jameson the morning after he
+started, I should have advised him to turn back.  That was Monday; it was
+then that he received his first warning from a Boer source not to violate
+the friendly soil of the Transvaal.  It showed that his invasion was
+known.  If I had been with him on Tuesday morning and afternoon, when he
+received further warnings, I should have repeated my advice.  If I had
+been with him the next morning--New Year's--when he received notice that
+"a few hundred" Boers were waiting for him a few miles ahead, I should
+not have advised, but commanded him to go back.  And if I had been with
+him two or three hours later--a thing not conceivable to me--I should
+have retired him by force; for at that time he learned that the few
+hundred had now grown to 800; and that meant that the growing would go on
+growing.
+
+For,--by authority of Mr. Garrett, one knows that Jameson's 600 were only
+530 at most, when you count out his native drivers, etc.; and that the
+530 consisted largely of "green" youths, "raw young fellows," not trained
+and war-worn British soldiers; and I would have told.  Jameson that those
+lads would not be able to shoot effectively from horseback in the scamper
+and racket of battle, and that there would not be anything for them to
+shoot at, anyway, but rocks; for the Boers would be behind the rocks, not
+out in the open.  I would have told him that 300 Boer sharpshooters
+behind rocks would be an overmatch for his 500 raw young fellows on
+horseback.
+
+If pluck were the only thing essential to battle-winning, the English
+would lose no battles.  But discretion, as well as pluck, is required
+when one fights Boers and Red Indians.  In South Africa the Briton has
+always insisted upon standing bravely up, unsheltered, before the hidden
+Boer, and taking the results: Jameson's men would follow the custom.
+Jameson would not have listened to me--he would have been intent upon
+repeating history, according to precedent.  Americans are not acquainted
+with the British-Boer war of 1881; but its history is interesting, and
+could have been instructive to Jameson if he had been receptive.  I will
+cull some details of it from trustworthy sources mainly from "Russell's
+Natal."  Mr. Russell is not a Boer, but a Briton.  He is inspector of
+schools, and his history is a text-book whose purpose is the instruction
+of the Natal English youth.
+
+After the seizure of the Transvaal and the suppression of the Boer
+government by England in 1877, the Boers fretted for three years, and
+made several appeals to England for a restoration of their liberties,
+but without result.  Then they gathered themselves together in a great
+mass-meeting at Krugersdorp, talked their troubles over, and resolved to
+fight for their deliverance from the British yoke.  (Krugersdorp--the
+place where the Boers interrupted the Jameson raid.)  The little handful
+of farmers rose against the strongest empire in the world.  They
+proclaimed martial law and the re-establishment of their Republic.  They
+organized their forces and sent them forward to intercept the British
+battalions. This, although Sir Garnet Wolseley had but lately made
+proclamation that "so long as the sun shone in the heavens," the
+Transvaal would be and remain English territory.  And also in spite of
+the fact that the commander of the 94th regiment--already on the march to
+suppress this rebellion--had been heard to say that "the Boers would turn
+tail at the first beat of the big drum."--["South Africa As It Is,"
+by F. Reginald Statham, page 82.  London: T.  Fisher Unwin, 1897.]
+
+Four days after the flag-raising, the Boer force which had been sent
+forward to forbid the invasion of the English troops met them at
+Bronkhorst Spruit--246 men of the 94th regiment, in command of a colonel,
+the big drum beating, the band playing--and the first battle was fought.
+It lasted ten minutes.  Result:
+
+     British loss, more than 150 officers and men, out of the 246.
+     Surrender of the remnant.
+
+     Boer loss--if any--not stated.
+
+They are fine marksmen, the Boers.  From the cradle up, they live on
+horseback and hunt wild animals with the rifle.  They have a passion for
+liberty and the Bible, and care for nothing else.
+
+"General Sir George Colley, Lieutenant-Governor and Commander-in-Chief in
+Natal, felt it his duty to proceed at once to the relief of the loyalists
+and soldiers beleaguered in the different towns of the Transvaal."  He
+moved out with 1,000 men and some artillery.  He found the Boers encamped
+in a strong and sheltered position on high ground at Laing's Nek--every
+Boer behind a rock.  Early in the morning of the 28th January, 1881, he
+moved to the attack "with the 58th regiment, commanded by Colonel Deane,
+a mounted squadron of 70 men, the 60th Rifles, the Naval Brigade with
+three rocket tubes, and the Artillery with six guns."  He shelled the
+Boers for twenty minutes, then the assault was delivered, the 58th
+marching up the slope in solid column.  The battle was soon finished,
+with this result, according to Russell--
+
+     British loss in killed and wounded, 174.
+
+     Boer loss, "trifling."
+
+Colonel Deane was killed, and apparently every officer above the grade of
+lieutenant was killed or wounded, for the 58th retreated to its camp in
+command of a lieutenant.  ("Africa as It Is.")
+
+That ended the second battle.
+
+On the 7th of February General Colley discovered that the Boers were
+flanking his position.  The next morning he left his camp at Mount
+Pleasant and marched out and crossed the Ingogo river with 270 men,
+started up the Ingogo heights, and there fought a battle which lasted
+from noon till nightfall.  He then retreated, leaving his wounded with
+his military chaplain, and in recrossing the now swollen river lost some
+of his men by drowning.  That was the third Boer victory.  Result,
+according to Mr. Russell--
+
+     British loss 150 out of 270 engaged.
+
+     Boer loss, 8 killed, 9 wounded--17.
+
+There was a season of quiet, now, but at the end of about three weeks Sir
+George Colley conceived the idea of climbing, with an infantry and
+artillery force, the steep and rugged mountain of Amajuba in the night--a
+bitter hard task, but he accomplished it.  On the way he left about 200
+men to guard a strategic point, and took about 400 up the mountain with
+him.  When the sun rose in the morning, there was an unpleasant surprise
+for the Boers; yonder were the English troops visible on top of the
+mountain two or three miles away, and now their own position was at the
+mercy of the English artillery.  The Boer chief resolved to retreat--up
+that mountain.  He asked for volunteers, and got them.
+
+The storming party crossed the swale and began to creep up the steeps,
+"and from behind rocks and bushes they shot at the soldiers on the
+skyline as if they were stalking deer," says Mr. Russell.  There was
+"continuous musketry fire, steady and fatal on the one side, wild and
+ineffectual on the other." The Boers reached the top, and began to put in
+their ruinous work.  Presently the British "broke and fled for their
+lives down the rugged steep." The Boers had won the battle.  Result in
+killed and wounded, including among the killed the British General:
+
+     British loss, 226, out of 400 engaged.
+
+     Boer loss, 1 killed, 5 wounded.
+
+That ended the war.  England listened to reason, and recognized the Boer
+Republic--a government which has never been in any really awful danger
+since, until Jameson started after it with his 500 "raw young fellows."
+To recapitulate:
+
+The Boer farmers and British soldiers fought 4 battles, and the Boers won
+them all.  Result of the 4, in killed and wounded:
+
+     British loss, 700 men.
+
+     Boer loss, so far as known, 23 men.
+
+It is interesting, now, to note how loyally Jameson and his several
+trained British military officers tried to make their battles conform to
+precedent.  Mr. Garrett's account of the Raid is much the best one I have
+met with, and my impressions of the Raid are drawn from that.
+
+When Jameson learned that near Krugersdorp he would find 800 Boers
+waiting to dispute his passage, he was not in the least disturbed.  He
+was feeling as he had felt two or three days before, when he had opened
+his campaign with a historic remark to the same purport as the one with
+which the commander of the 94th had opened the Boer-British war of
+fourteen years before.  That Commander's remark was, that the Boers
+"would turn tail at the first beat of the big drum."  Jameson's was, that
+with his "raw young fellows" he could kick the (persons) of the Boers
+"all round the Transvaal."  He was keeping close to historic precedent.
+
+Jameson arrived in the presence of the Boers.  They--according to
+precedent--were not visible.  It was a country of ridges, depressions,
+rocks, ditches, moraines of mining-tailings--not even as favorable for
+cavalry work as Laing's Nek had been in the former disastrous days.
+Jameson shot at the ridges and rocks with his artillery, just as General
+Colley had done at the Nek; and did them no damage and persuaded no Boer
+to show himself.  Then about a hundred of his men formed up to charge the
+ridge-according to the 58th's precedent at the Nek; but as they dashed
+forward they opened out in a long line, which was a considerable
+improvement on the 58th's tactics; when they had gotten to within 200
+yards of the ridge the concealed Boers opened out on them and emptied 20
+saddles.  The unwounded dismounted and fired at the rocks over the backs
+of their horses; but the return-fire was too hot, and they mounted again,
+"and galloped back or crawled away into a clump of reeds for cover, where
+they were shortly afterward taken prisoners as they lay among the reeds.
+Some thirty prisoners were so taken, and during the night which followed
+the Boers carried away another thirty killed and wounded--the wounded to
+Krugersdorp hospital."  Sixty per cent. of the assaulted force disposed
+of--according to Mr. Garrett's estimate.
+
+It was according to Amajuba precedent, where the British loss was 226 out
+of about 400 engaged.
+
+Also, in Jameson's camp, that night, "there lay about 30 wounded or
+otherwise disabled" men.  Also during the night "some 30 or 40 young
+fellows got separated from the command and straggled through into
+Johannesburg."  Altogether a possible 150 men gone, out of his 530.  His
+lads had fought valorously, but had not been able to get near enough to a
+Boer to kick him around the Transvaal.
+
+At dawn the next morning the column of something short of 400 whites
+resumed its march.  Jameson's grit was stubbornly good; indeed, it was
+always that.  He still had hopes.  There was a long and tedious
+zigzagging march through broken ground, with constant harassment from the
+Boers; and at last the column "walked into a sort of trap," and the Boers
+"closed in upon it."  "Men and horses dropped on all sides.  In the
+column the feeling grew that unless it could burst through the Boer lines
+at this point it was done for.  The Maxims were fired until they grew too
+hot, and, water failing for the cool jacket, five of them jammed and went
+out of action.  The 7-pounder was fired until only half an hour's
+ammunition was left to fire with.  One last rush was made, and failed,
+and then the Staats Artillery came up on the left flank, and the game was
+up."
+
+Jameson hoisted a white flag and surrendered.
+
+There is a story, which may not be true, about an ignorant Boer farmer
+there who thought that this white flag was the national flag of England.
+He had been at Bronkhorst, and Laing's Nek, and Ingogo and Amajuba, and
+supposed that the English did not run up their flag excepting at the end
+of a fight.
+
+The following is (as I understand it) Mr. Garrett's estimate of Jameson's
+total loss in killed and wounded for the two days:
+
+"When they gave in they were minus some 20 per cent. of combatants.
+There were 76 casualties.  There were 30 men hurt or sick in the wagons.
+There were 27 killed on the spot or mortally wounded."
+
+Total, 133, out of the original 530.  It is just 25 per cent.--[However,
+I judge that the total was really 150; for the number of wounded carried
+to Krugersdorp hospital was 53; not 30, as Mr. Garrett reports it.  The
+lady whose guest I was in Krugerdorp gave me the figures.  She was head
+nurse from the beginning of hostilities (Jan. 1) until the professional
+nurses arrived, Jan. 8th.  Of the 53, "Three or four were Boers"; I quote
+her words.]--This is a large improvement upon the precedents established
+at Bronkhorst, Laing's Nek, Ingogo, and Amajuba, and seems to indicate
+that Boer marksmanship is not so good now as it was in those days.  But
+there is one detail in which the Raid-episode exactly repeats history.
+By surrender at Bronkhorst, the whole British force disappeared from the
+theater of war; this was the case with Jameson's force.
+
+In the Boer loss, also, historical precedent is followed with sufficient
+fidelity.  In the 4 battles named above, the Boer loss, so far as known,
+was an average of 6 men per battle, to the British average loss of 175.
+In Jameson's battles, as per Boer official report, the Boer loss in
+killed was 4.  Two of these were killed by the Boers themselves, by
+accident, the other by Jameson's army--one of them intentionally, the
+other by a pathetic mischance.  "A young Boer named Jacobz was moving
+forward to give a drink to one of the wounded troopers (Jameson's) after
+the first charge, when another wounded man, mistaking his intention; shot
+him."  There were three or four wounded Boers in the Krugersdorp
+hospital, and apparently no others have been reported.  Mr. Garrett, "on
+a balance of probabilities, fully accepts the official version, and
+thanks Heaven the killed was not larger."
+
+As a military man, I wish to point out what seems to me to be military
+errors in the conduct of the campaign which we have just been
+considering.  I have seen active service in the field, and it was in the
+actualities of war that I acquired my training and my right to speak.
+I served two weeks in the beginning of our Civil War, and during all that
+tune commanded a battery of infantry composed of twelve men.  General
+Grant knew the history of my campaign, for I told it him.  I also told
+him the principle upon which I had conducted it; which was, to tire the
+enemy.  I tired out and disqualified many battalions, yet never had a
+casualty myself nor lost a man.  General Grant was not given to paying
+compliments, yet he said frankly that if I had conducted the whole war
+much bloodshed would have been spared, and that what the army might have
+lost through the inspiriting results of collision in the field would have
+been amply made up by the liberalizing influences of travel.  Further
+endorsement does not seem to me to be necessary.
+
+Let us now examine history, and see what it teaches.  In the 4 battles
+fought in 1881 and the two fought by Jameson, the British loss in killed,
+wounded, and prisoners, was substantially 1,300 men; the Boer loss, as
+far as is ascertainable, eras about 30 men.  These figures show that
+there was a defect somewhere.  It was not in the absence of courage.  I
+think it lay in the absence of discretion.  The Briton should have done
+one thing or the other: discarded British methods and fought the Boer
+with Boer methods, or augmented his own force until--using British
+methods--it should be large enough to equalize results with the Boer.
+
+To retain the British method requires certain things, determinable by
+arithmetic.  If, for argument's sake, we allow that the aggregate of
+1,716 British soldiers engaged in the 4 early battles was opposed by the
+same aggregate of Boers, we have this result: the British loss of 700 and
+the Boer loss of 23 argues that in order to equalize results in future
+battles you must make the British force thirty times as strong as the
+Boer force.  Mr. Garrett shows that the Boer force immediately opposed to
+Jameson was 2,000, and that there were 6,000 more on hand by the evening
+of the second day.  Arithmetic shows that in order to make himself the
+equal of the 8,000 Boers, Jameson should have had 240,000 men, whereas he
+merely had 530 boys.  From a military point of view, backed by the facts
+of history, I conceive that Jameson's military judgment was at fault.
+
+Another thing.--Jameson was encumbered by artillery, ammunition, and
+rifles.  The facts of the battle show that he should have had none of
+those things along.  They were heavy, they were in his way, they impeded
+his march.  There was nothing to shoot at but rocks--he knew quite well
+that there would be nothing to shoot at but rocks--and he knew that
+artillery and rifles have no effect upon rocks.  He was badly overloaded
+with unessentials.  He had 8 Maxims--a Maxim is a kind of Gatling, I
+believe, and shoots about 500 bullets per minute; he had one
+12 1/2-pounder cannon and two 7-pounders; also, 145,000 rounds of
+ammunition. He worked the Maxims so hard upon the rocks that five of them
+became disabled--five of the Maxims, not the rocks.  It is believed that
+upwards of 100,000 rounds of ammunition of the various kinds were fired
+during the 21 hours that the battles lasted.  One man killed.  He must
+have been much mutilated.  It was a pity to bring those futile Maxims
+along. Jameson should have furnished himself with a battery of Pudd'nhead
+Wilson maxims instead, They are much more deadly than those others, and
+they are easily carried, because they have no weight.
+
+Mr. Garrett--not very carefully concealing a smile--excuses the presence
+of the Maxims by saying that they were of very substantial use because
+their sputtering disordered the aim of the Boers, and in that way saved
+lives.
+
+Three cannon, eight Maxims, and five hundred rifles yielded a result
+which emphasized a fact which had already been established--that the
+British system of standing out in the open to fight Boers who are behind
+rocks is not wise, not excusable, and ought to be abandoned for something
+more efficacious.  For the purpose of war is to kill, not merely to waste
+ammunition.
+
+If I could get the management of one of those campaigns, I would know
+what to do, for I have studied the Boer.  He values the Bible above every
+other thing.  The most delicious edible in South Africa is "biltong."
+You will have seen it mentioned in Olive Schreiner's books.  It is what
+our plainsmen call "jerked beef."  It is the Boer's main standby.  He has
+a passion for it, and he is right.
+
+If I had the command of the campaign I would go with rifles only, no
+cumbersome Maxims and cannon to spoil good rocks with.  I would move
+surreptitiously by night to a point about a quarter of a mile from the
+Boer camp, and there I would build up a pyramid of biltong and Bibles
+fifty feet high, and then conceal my men all about.  In the morning the
+Boers would send out spies, and then the rest would come with a rush.
+I would surround them, and they would have to fight my men on equal
+terms, in the open.  There wouldn't be any Amajuba results.
+
+--[Just as I am finishing this book an unfortunate dispute has sprung up
+between Dr. Jameson and his officers, on the one hand, and Colonel Rhodes
+on the other, concerning the wording of a note which Colonel Rhodes sent
+from Johannesburg by a cyclist to Jameson just before hostilities began
+on the memorable New Year's Day.  Some of the fragments of this note were
+found on the battlefield after the fight, and these have been pieced
+together; the dispute is as to what words the lacking fragments
+contained.  Jameson says the note promised him a reinforcement of 300 men
+from Johannesburg.  Colonel Rhodes denies this, and says he merely
+promised to send out "some" men "to meet you."]
+
+[It seems a pity that these friends should fall out over so little a
+thing.  If the 300 had been sent, what good would it have done?  In 21
+hours of industrious fighting, Jameson's 530 men, with 8 Maxims, 3
+cannon, and 145,000 rounds of ammunition, killed an aggregate of 1.
+Boer.  These statistics show that a reinforcement of 300 Johannesburgers,
+armed merely with muskets, would have killed, at the outside, only a
+little over a half of another Boer.  This would not have saved the day.
+It would not even have seriously affected the general result.  The
+figures show clearly, and with mathematical violence, that the only way
+to save Jameson, or even give him a fair and equal chance with the enemy,
+was for Johannesburg to send him 240 Maxims, 90 cannon, 600 carloads of
+ammunition, and 240,000 men.  Johannesburg was not in a position to do
+this.  Johannesburg has been called very hard names for not reinforcing
+Jameson.  But in every instance this has been done by two classes of
+persons--people who do not read history, and people, like Jameson, who do
+not understand what it means, after they have read it.]
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXVIII.
+
+None of us can have as many virtues as the fountain-pen, or half its
+cussedness; but we can try.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+The Duke of Fife has borne testimony that Mr. Rhodes deceived him.  That
+is also what Mr. Rhodes did with the Reformers.  He got them into
+trouble, and then stayed out himself.  A judicious man.  He has always
+been that.  As to this there was a moment of doubt, once.  It was when he
+was out on his last pirating expedition in the Matabele country.  The
+cable shouted out that he had gone unarmed, to visit a party of hostile
+chiefs.  It was true, too; and this dare-devil thing came near fetching
+another indiscretion out of the poet laureate.  It would have been too
+bad, for when the facts were all in, it turned out that there was a lady
+along, too, and she also was unarmed.
+
+In the opinion of many people Mr. Rhodes is South Africa; others think he
+is only a large part of it.  These latter consider that South Africa
+consists of Table Mountain, the diamond mines, the Johannesburg gold
+fields, and Cecil Rhodes.  The gold fields are wonderful in every way.
+In seven or eight years they built up, in a desert, a city of a hundred
+thousand inhabitants, counting white and black together; and not the
+ordinary mining city of wooden shanties, but a city made out of lasting
+material.  Nowhere in the world is there such a concentration of rich
+mines as at Johannesburg.  Mr. Bonamici, my manager there, gave me a
+small gold brick with some statistics engraved upon it which record the
+output of gold from the early days to July, 1895, and exhibit the strides
+which have been made in the development of the industry; in 1888 the
+output was $4,162,440; the output of the next five and a half years was
+(total: $17,585,894); for the single year ending with June, 1895, it was
+$45,553,700.
+
+The capital which has developed the mines came from England, the mining
+engineers from America.  This is the case with the diamond mines also.
+South Africa seems to be the heaven of the American scientific mining
+engineer.  He gets the choicest places, and keeps them.  His salary is
+not based upon what he would get in America, but apparently upon what a
+whole family of him would get there.
+
+The successful mines pay great dividends, yet the rock is not rich, from
+a Californian point of view.  Rock which yields ten or twelve dollars a
+ton is considered plenty rich enough.  It is troubled with base metals to
+such a degree that twenty years ago it would have been only about half as
+valuable as it is now; for at that time there was no paying way of
+getting anything out of such rock but the coarser-grained "free" gold; but
+the new cyanide process has changed all that, and the gold fields of the
+world now deliver up fifty million dollars' worth of gold per year which
+would have gone into the tailing-pile under the former conditions.
+
+The cyanide process was new to me, and full of interest; and among the
+costly and elaborate mining machinery there were fine things which were
+new to me, but I was already familiar with the rest of the details of the
+gold-mining industry.  I had been a gold miner myself, in my day, and
+knew substantially everything that those people knew about it, except how
+to make money at it.  But I learned a good deal about the Boers there,
+and that was a fresh subject.  What I heard there was afterwards repeated
+to me in other parts of South Africa.  Summed up--according to the
+information thus gained--this is the Boer:
+
+He is deeply religious, profoundly ignorant, dull, obstinate, bigoted,
+uncleanly in his habits, hospitable, honest in his dealings with the
+whites, a hard master to his black servant, lazy, a good shot, good
+horseman, addicted to the chase, a lover of political independence, a
+good husband and father, not fond of herding together in towns, but
+liking the seclusion and remoteness and solitude and empty vastness and
+silence of the veldt; a man of a mighty appetite, and not delicate about
+what he appeases it with--well-satisfied with pork and Indian corn and
+biltong, requiring only that the quantity shall not be stinted; willing
+to ride a long journey to take a hand in a rude all-night dance
+interspersed with vigorous feeding and boisterous jollity, but ready to
+ride twice as far for a prayer-meeting; proud of his Dutch and Huguenot
+origin and its religious and military history; proud of his race's
+achievements in South Africa, its bold plunges into hostile and uncharted
+deserts in search of free solitudes unvexed by the pestering and detested
+English, also its victories over the natives and the British; proudest of
+all, of the direct and effusive personal interest which the Deity has
+always taken in its affairs.  He cannot read, he cannot write; he has one
+or two newspapers, but he is, apparently, not aware of it; until latterly
+he had no schools, and taught his children nothing, news is a term which
+has no meaning to him, and the thing itself he cares nothing about.  He
+hates to be taxed and resents it.  He has stood stock still in South
+Africa for two centuries and a half, and would like to stand still till
+the end of time, for he has no sympathy with Uitlander notions of
+progress.  He is hungry to be rich, for he is human; but his preference
+has been for riches in cattle, not in fine clothes and fine houses and
+gold and diamonds.  The gold and the diamonds have brought the godless
+stranger within his gates, also contamination and broken repose, and he
+wishes that they had never been discovered.
+
+I think that the bulk of those details can be found in Olive Schreiner's
+books, and she would not be accused of sketching the Boer's portrait with
+an unfair hand.
+
+Now what would you expect from that unpromising material?  What ought you
+to expect from it?  Laws inimical to religious liberty? Yes.  Laws
+denying, representation and suffrage to the intruder? Yes.  Laws
+unfriendly to educational institutions? Yes.  Laws obstructive of gold
+production? Yes.  Discouragement of railway expansion? Yes.  Laws heavily
+taxing the intruder and overlooking the Boer? Yes.
+
+The Uitlander seems to have expected something very different from all
+that.  I do not know why.  Nothing different from it was rationally to be
+expected.  A round man cannot be expected to fit a square hole right
+away.  He must have time to modify his shape.  The modification had begun
+in a detail or two, before the Raid, and was making some progress.  It
+has made further progress since.  There are wise men in the Boer
+government, and that accounts for the modification; the modification of
+the Boer mass has probably not begun yet.  If the heads of the Boer
+government had not been wise men they would have hanged Jameson, and thus
+turned a very commonplace pirate into a holy martyr.  But even their
+wisdom has its limits, and they will hang Mr. Rhodes if they ever catch
+him.  That will round him and complete him and make him a saint.  He has
+already been called by all other titles that symbolize human grandeur,
+and he ought to rise to this one, the grandest of all.  It will be a
+dizzy jump from where he is now, but that is nothing, it will land him in
+good company and be a pleasant change for him.
+
+Some of the things demanded by the Johannesburgers' Manifesto have been
+conceded since the days of the Raid, and the others will follow in time,
+no doubt.  It was most fortunate for the miners of Johannesburg that the
+taxes which distressed them so much were levied by the Boer government,
+instead of by their friend Rhodes and his Chartered Company of
+highwaymen, for these latter take half of whatever their mining victims
+find, they do not stop at a mere percentage.  If the Johannesburg miners
+were under their jurisdiction they would be in the poorhouse in twelve
+months.
+
+I have been under the impression all along that I had an unpleasant
+paragraph about the Boers somewhere in my notebook, and also a pleasant
+one.  I have found them now.  The unpleasant one is dated at an interior
+village, and says--
+
+"Mr. Z. called.  He is an English Afrikander; is an old resident, and has
+a Boer wife.  He speaks the language, and his professional business is
+with the Boers exclusively.  He told me that the ancient Boer families in
+the great region of which this village is the commercial center are
+falling victims to their inherited indolence and dullness in the
+materialistic latter-day race and struggle, and are dropping one by one
+into the grip of the usurer--getting hopelessly in debt--and are losing
+their high place and retiring to second and lower.  The Boer's farm does
+not go to another Boer when he loses it, but to a foreigner.  Some have
+fallen so low that they sell their daughters to the blacks."
+
+Under date of another South African town I find the note which is
+creditable to the Boers:
+
+"Dr. X. told me that in the Kafir war 1,500 Kafirs took refuge in a great
+cave in the mountains about 90 miles north of Johannesburg, and the Boers
+blocked up the entrance and smoked them to death.  Dr. X. has been in
+there and seen the great array of bleached skeletons--one a woman with
+the skeleton of a child hugged to her breast."
+
+The great bulk of the savages must go.  The white man wants their lands,
+and all must go excepting such percentage of them as he will need to do
+his work for him upon terms to be determined by himself.  Since history
+has removed the element of guesswork from this matter and made it
+certainty, the humanest way of diminishing the black population should be
+adopted, not the old cruel ways of the past.  Mr. Rhodes and his gang
+have been following the old ways.--They are chartered to rob and slay,
+and they lawfully do it, but not in a compassionate and Christian spirit.
+They rob the Mashonas and the Matabeles of a portion of their territories
+in the hallowed old style of "purchase!" for a song, and then they force
+a quarrel and take the rest by the strong hand.  They rob the natives of
+their cattle under the pretext that all the cattle in the country
+belonged to the king whom they have tricked and assassinated.  They issue
+"regulations" requiring the incensed and harassed natives to work for the
+white settlers, and neglect their own affairs to do it.  This is slavery,
+and is several times worse than was the American slavery which used to
+pain England so much; for when this Rhodesian slave is sick,
+super-annuated, or otherwise disabled, he must support himself
+or starve--his master is under no obligation to support him.
+
+The reduction of the population by Rhodesian methods to the desired limit
+is a return to the old-time slow-misery and lingering-death system of a
+discredited time and a crude "civilization."  We humanely reduce an
+overplus of dogs by swift chloroform; the Boer humanely reduced an
+overplus of blacks by swift suffocation; the nameless but right-hearted
+Australian pioneer humanely reduced his overplus of aboriginal neighbors
+by a sweetened swift death concealed in a poisoned pudding.  All these
+are admirable, and worthy of praise; you and I would rather suffer either
+of these deaths thirty times over in thirty successive days than linger
+out one of the Rhodesian twenty-year deaths, with its daily burden of
+insult, humiliation, and forced labor for a man whose entire race the
+victim hates.  Rhodesia is a happy name for that land of piracy and
+pillage, and puts the right stain upon it.
+
+Several long journeys--gave us experience of the Cape Colony railways;
+easy-riding, fine cars; all the conveniences; thorough cleanliness;
+comfortable beds furnished for the night trains.  It was in the first
+days of June, and winter; the daytime was pleasant, the nighttime nice
+and cold.  Spinning along all day in the cars it was ecstasy to breathe
+the bracing air and gaze out over the vast brown solitudes of the velvet
+plains, soft and lovely near by, still softer and lovelier further away,
+softest and loveliest of all in the remote distances, where dim
+island-hills seemed afloat, as in a sea--a sea made of dream-stuff and
+flushed with colors faint and rich; and dear me, the depth of the sky,
+and the beauty of the strange new cloud-forms, and the glory of the
+sunshine, the lavishness, the wastefulness of it!  The vigor and
+freshness and inspiration of the air and the sunwell, it was all
+just as Olive Schreiner had made it in her books.
+
+To me the veldt, in its sober winter garb, was surpassingly beautiful.
+There were unlevel stretches where it was rolling and swelling, and
+rising and subsiding, and sweeping superbly on and on, and still on and
+on like an ocean, toward the faraway horizon, its pale brown deepening by
+delicately graduated shades to rich orange, and finally to purple and
+crimson where it washed against the wooded hills and naked red crags at
+the base of the sky.
+
+Everywhere, from Cape Town to Kimberley and from Kimberley to Port
+Elizabeth and East London, the towns were well populated with tamed
+blacks; tamed and Christianized too, I suppose, for they wore the dowdy
+clothes of our Christian civilization.  But for that, many of them would
+have been remarkably handsome.  These fiendish clothes, together with the
+proper lounging gait, good-natured face, happy air, and easy laugh, made
+them precise counterparts of our American blacks; often where all the
+other aspects were strikingly and harmoniously and thrillingly African, a
+flock of these natives would intrude, looking wholly out of place, and
+spoil it all, making the thing a grating discord, half African and half
+American.
+
+One Sunday in King William's Town a score of colored women came mincing
+across the great barren square dressed--oh, in the last perfection of
+fashion, and newness, and expensiveness, and showy mixture of unrelated
+colors,--all just as I had seen it so often at home; and in their faces
+and their gait was that languishing, aristocratic, divine delight in
+their finery which was so familiar to me, and had always been such a
+satisfaction to my eye and my heart.  I seemed among old, old friends;
+friends of fifty years, and I stopped and cordially greeted them.  They
+broke into a good-fellowship laugh, flashing their white teeth upon me,
+and all answered at once.  I did not understand a word they said.  I was
+astonished; I was not dreaming that they would answer in anything but
+American.
+
+The voices, too, of the African women, were familiar to me sweet and
+musical, just like those of the slave women of my early days.  I followed
+a couple of them all over the Orange Free State--no, over its capital
+--Bloemfontein, to hear their liquid voices and the happy ripple of their
+laughter.  Their language was a large improvement upon American.  Also
+upon the Zulu.  It had no Zulu clicks in it; and it seemed to have no
+angles or corners, no roughness, no vile s's or other hissing sounds, but
+was very, very mellow and rounded and flowing.
+
+In moving about the country in the trains, I had opportunity to see a
+good many Boers of the veldt.  One day at a village station a hundred of
+them got out of the third-class cars to feed.
+
+Their clothes were very interesting.  For ugliness of shapes, and for
+miracles of ugly colors inharmoniously associated, they were a record.
+The effect was nearly as exciting and interesting as that produced by the
+brilliant and beautiful clothes and perfect taste always on view at the
+Indian railway stations.  One man had corduroy trousers of a faded
+chewing gum tint.  And they were new--showing that this tint did not come
+by calamity, but was intentional; the very ugliest color I have ever
+seen.  A gaunt, shackly country lout six feet high, in battered gray
+slouched hat with wide brim, and old resin-colored breeches, had on a
+hideous brand-new woolen coat which was imitation tiger skin wavy broad
+stripes of dazzling yellow and deep brown.  I thought he ought to be
+hanged, and asked the station-master if it could be arranged.  He said
+no; and not only that, but said it rudely; said it with a quite
+unnecessary show of feeling.  Then he muttered something about my being a
+jackass, and walked away and pointed me out to people, and did everything
+he could to turn public sentiment against me.  It is what one gets for
+trying to do good.
+
+In the train that day a passenger told me some more about Boer life out
+in the lonely veldt.  He said the Boer gets up early and sets his
+"niggers" at their tasks (pasturing the cattle, and watching them); eats,
+smokes, drowses, sleeps; toward evening superintends the milking, etc.;
+eats, smokes, drowses; goes to bed at early candlelight in the fragrant
+clothes he (and she) have worn all day and every week-day for years.  I
+remember that last detail, in Olive Schreiner's "Story of an African
+Farm."  And the passenger told me that the Boers were justly noted for
+their hospitality.  He told me a story about it.  He said that his grace
+the Bishop of a certain See was once making a business-progress through
+the tavernless veldt, and one night he stopped with a Boer; after supper
+was shown to bed; he undressed, weary and worn out, and was soon sound
+asleep; in the night he woke up feeling crowded and suffocated, and found
+the old Boer and his fat wife in bed with him, one on each side, with all
+their clothes on, and snoring.  He had to stay there and stand it--awake
+and suffering--until toward dawn, when sleep again fell upon him for an
+hour.  Then he woke again.  The Boer was gone, but the wife was still at
+his side.
+
+Those Reformers detested that Boer prison; they were not used to cramped
+quarters and tedious hours, and weary idleness, and early to bed, and
+limited movement, and arbitrary and irritating rules, and the absence of
+the luxuries which wealth comforts the day and the night with.  The
+confinement told upon their bodies and their spirits; still, they were
+superior men, and they made the best that was to be made of the
+circumstances.  Their wives smuggled delicacies to them, which helped to
+smooth the way down for the prison fare.
+
+In the train Mr. B. told me that the Boer jail-guards treated the black
+prisoners--even political ones--mercilessly.  An African chief and his
+following had been kept there nine months without trial, and during all
+that time they had been without shelter from rain and sun.  He said that
+one day the guards put a big black in the stocks for dashing his soup on
+the ground; they stretched his legs painfully wide apart, and set him
+with his back down hill; he could not endure it, and put back his hands
+upon the slope for a support.  The guard ordered him to withdraw the
+support and kicked him in the back.  "Then," said Mr. B., "'the powerful
+black wrenched the stocks asunder and went for the guard; a Reform
+prisoner pulled him off, and thrashed the guard himself."
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER LXIX.
+
+The very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid prejudice.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilsons's New Calendar.
+
+There isn't a Parallel of Latitude but thinks it would have been the
+Equator if it had had its rights.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+Next to Mr. Rhodes, to me the most interesting convulsion of nature in
+South Africa was the diamond-crater.  The Rand gold fields are a
+stupendous marvel, and they make all other gold fields small, but I was
+not a stranger to gold-mining; the veldt was a noble thing to see, but it
+was only another and lovelier variety of our Great Plains; the natives
+were very far from being uninteresting, but they were not new; and as for
+the towns, I could find my way without a guide through the most of them
+because I had learned the streets, under other names, in towns just like
+them in other lands; but the diamond mine was a wholly fresh thing, a
+splendid and absorbing novelty.  Very few people in the world have seen
+the diamond in its home.  It has but three or four homes in the world,
+whereas gold has a million.  It is worth while to journey around the
+globe to see anything which can truthfully be called a novelty, and the
+diamond mine is the greatest and most select and restricted novelty which
+the globe has in stock.
+
+The Kimberley diamond deposits were discovered about 1869, I think.  When
+everything is taken into consideration, the wonder is that they were not
+discovered five thousand years ago and made familiar to the African world
+for the rest of time.  For this reason the first diamonds were found on
+the surface of the ground.  They were smooth and limpid, and in the
+sunlight they vomited fire.  They were the very things which an African
+savage of any era would value above every other thing in the world
+excepting a glass bead.  For two or three centuries we have been buying
+his lands, his cattle, his neighbor, and any other thing he had for sale,
+for glass beads and so it is strange that he was indifferent to the
+diamonds--for he must have pickets them up many and many a time.  It
+would not occur to him to try to sell them to whites, of course, since
+the whites already had plenty of glass beads, and more fashionably
+shaped, too, than these; but one would think that the poorer sort of
+black, who could not afford real glass, would have been humbly content to
+decorate himself with the imitation, and that presently the white trader
+would notice the things, and dimly suspect, and carry some of them home,
+and find out what they were, and at once empty a multitude of
+fortune-hunters into Africa.  There are many strange things in human
+history; one of the strangest is that the sparkling diamonds laid there
+so long without exciting any one's interest.
+
+The revelation came at last by accident.  In a Boer's hut out in the wide
+solitude of the plains, a traveling stranger noticed a child playing with
+a bright object, and was told it was a piece of glass which had been
+found in the veldt.  The stranger bought it for a trifle and carried it
+away; and being without honor, made another stranger believe it was a
+diamond, and so got $125 out of him for it, and was as pleased with
+himself as if he had done a righteous thing.  In Paris the wronged
+stranger sold it to a pawnshop for $10,000, who sold it to a countess for
+$90,000, who sold it to a brewer for $800;000, who traded it to a king
+for a dukedom and a pedigree, and the king "put it up the spout."
+--[handwritten note: "From the Greek meaning 'pawned it.'" M.T.]--I know
+these particulars to be correct.
+
+The news flew around, and the South African diamond-boom began.  The
+original traveler--the dishonest one--now remembered that he had once
+seen a Boer teamster chocking his wagon-wheel on a steep grade with a
+diamond as large as a football, and he laid aside his occupations and
+started out to hunt for it, but not with the intention of cheating
+anybody out of $125 with it, for he had reformed.
+
+We now come to matters more didactic.  Diamonds are not imbedded in rock
+ledges fifty miles long, like the Johannesburg gold, but are distributed
+through the rubbish of a filled-up well, so to speak.  The well is rich,
+its walls are sharply defined; outside of the walls are no diamonds.  The
+well is a crater, and a large one.  Before it had been meddled with, its
+surface was even with the level plain, and there was no sign to suggest
+that it was there.  The pasturage covering the surface of the Kimberley
+crater was sufficient for the support of a cow, and the pasturage
+underneath was sufficient for the support of a kingdom; but the cow did
+not know it, and lost her chance.
+
+The Kimberley crater is roomy enough to admit the Roman Coliseum; the
+bottom of the crater has not been reached, and no one can tell how far
+down in the bowels of the earth it goes.  Originally, it was a
+perpendicular hole packed solidly full of blue rock or cement, and
+scattered through that blue mass, like raisins in a pudding, were the
+diamonds.  As deep down in the earth as the blue stuff extends, so deep
+will the diamonds be found.
+
+There are three or four other celebrated craters near by a circle three
+miles in diameter would enclose them all.  They are owned by the De Beers
+Company, a consolidation of diamond properties arranged by Mr. Rhodes
+twelve or fourteen years ago.  The De Beers owns other craters; they are
+under the grass, but the De Beers knows where they are, and will open
+them some day, if the market should require it.
+
+Originally, the diamond deposits were the property of the Orange Free
+State; but a judicious "rectification" of the boundary line shifted them
+over into the British territory of Cape Colony.  A high official of the
+Free State told me that the sum of $4,00,000 was handed to his
+commonwealth as a compromise, or indemnity, or something of the sort, and
+that he thought his commonwealth did wisely to take the money and keep
+out of a dispute, since the power was all on the one side and the
+weakness all on the other.  The De Beers Company dig out $400,000 worth
+of diamonds per week, now.  The Cape got the territory, but no profit;
+for Mr. Rhodes and the Rothschilds and the other De Beers people own the
+mines, and they pay no taxes.
+
+In our day the mines are worked upon scientific principles, under the
+guidance of the ablest mining-engineering talent procurable in America.
+There are elaborate works for reducing the blue rock and passing it
+through one process after another until every diamond it contains has
+been hunted down and secured.  I watched the "concentrators" at work big
+tanks containing mud and water and invisible diamonds--and was told that
+each could stir and churn and properly treat 300 car-loads of mud per day
+1,600 pounds to the car-load--and reduce it to 3 car-loads of slush.  I
+saw the 3 carloads of slush taken to the "pulsators" and there reduced to
+quarter of a load of nice clean dark-colored sand.  Then I followed it to
+the sorting tables and saw the men deftly and swiftly spread it out and
+brush it about and seize the diamonds as they showed up.  I assisted, and
+once I found a diamond half as large as an almond.  It is an exciting
+kind of fishing, and you feel a fine thrill of pleasure every time you
+detect the glow of one of those limpid pebbles through the veil of dark
+sand.  I would like to spend my Saturday holidays in that charming sport
+every now and then.  Of course there are disappointments.  Sometimes you
+find a diamond which is not a diamond; it is only a quartz crystal or
+some such worthless thing.  The expert can generally distinguish it from
+the precious stone which it is counterfeiting; but if he is in doubt he
+lays it on a flatiron and hits it with a sledgehammer.  If it is a
+diamond it holds its own; if it is anything else, it is reduced to
+powder.  I liked that experiment very much, and did not tire of
+repetitions of it.  It was full of enjoyable apprehensions, unmarred by
+any personal sense of risk.  The De Beers concern treats 8;000 carloads
+--about 6,000 tons--of blue rock per day, and the result is three pounds of
+diamonds.  Value, uncut, $50,000 to $70,000.  After cutting, they will
+weigh considerably less than a pound, but will be worth four or five
+times as much as they were before.
+
+All the plain around that region is spread over, a foot deep, with blue
+rock, placed there by the Company, and looks like a plowed field.
+Exposure for a length of time make the rock easier to work than it is
+when it comes out of the mine.  If mining should cease now, the supply of
+rock spread over those fields would furnish the usual 8,000 car-loads per
+day to the separating works during three years.  The fields are fenced
+and watched; and at night they are under the constant inspection of lofty
+electric searchlight.  They contain fifty or sixty million dollars'
+worth' of diamonds, and there is an abundance of enterprising thieves
+around.
+
+In the dirt of the Kimberley streets there is much hidden wealth.  Some
+time ago the people were granted the privilege of a free wash-up.  There
+was a general rush, the work was done with thoroughness, and a good
+harvest of diamonds was gathered.
+
+The deep mining is done by natives.  There are many hundreds of them.
+They live in quarters built around the inside of a great compound.  They
+are a jolly and good-natured lot, and accommodating.  They performed a
+war-dance for us, which was the wildest exhibition I have ever seen.
+They are not allowed outside of the compound during their term of service
+three months, I think it, is, as a rule.  They go down the shaft, stand
+their watch, come up again, are searched, and go to bed or to their
+amusements in the compound; and this routine they repeat, day in and day
+out.
+
+It is thought that they do not now steal many diamonds successfully.
+They used to swallow them, and find other ways of concealing them, but
+the white man found ways of beating their various games.  One man cut his
+leg and shoved a diamond into the wound, but even that project did not
+succeed.  When they find a fine large diamond they are more likely to
+report it than to steal it, for in the former case they get a reward, and
+in the latter they are quite apt to merely get into trouble.  Some years
+ago, in a mine not owned by the De Beers, a black found what has been
+claimed to be the largest diamond known to the world's history; and, as a
+reward he was released from service and given a blanket, a horse, and
+five hundred dollars.  It made him a Vanderbilt.  He could buy four
+wives, and have money left.  Four wives are an ample support for a
+native.  With four wives he is wholly independent, and need never do a
+stroke of work again.
+
+That great diamond weighs 97l carats.  Some say it is as big as a piece
+of alum, others say it is as large as a bite of rock candy, but the best
+authorities agree that it is almost exactly the size of a chunk of ice.
+But those details are not important; and in my opinion not trustworthy.
+It has a flaw in it, otherwise it would be of incredible value.  As it
+is, it is held to be worth $2,000,000.  After cutting it ought to be
+worth from $5,000,000 to $8,000,000, therefore persons desiring to save
+money should buy it now.  It is owned by a syndicate, and apparently
+there is no satisfactory market for it.  It is earning nothing; it is
+eating its head off.  Up to this time it has made nobody rich but the
+native who found it.
+
+He found it in a mine which was being worked by contract.  That is to
+say, a company had bought the privilege of taking from the mine 5,000,000
+carloads of blue-rock, for a sum down and a royalty.  Their speculation
+had not paid; but on the very day that their privilege ran out that
+native found the $2,000,000-diamond and handed it over to them.  Even the
+diamond culture is not without its romantic episodes.
+
+The Koh-i-Noor is a large diamond, and valuable; but it cannot compete in
+these matters with three which--according to legend--are among the crown
+trinkets of Portugal and Russia.  One of these is held to be worth
+$20,000,000; another, $25,000,000, and the third something over
+$28,000,000.
+
+Those are truly wonderful diamonds, whether they exist or not; and yet
+they are of but little importance by comparison with the one wherewith
+the Boer wagoner chocked his wheel on that steep grade as heretofore
+referred to.  In Kimberley I had some conversation with the man who saw
+the Boer do that--an incident which had occurred twenty-seven or
+twenty-eight years before I had my talk with him.  He assured me that
+that diamond's value could have been over a billion dollars, but not
+under it. I believed him, because he had devoted twenty-seven years to
+hunting for it, and was, in a position to know.
+
+A fitting and interesting finish to an examination of the tedious and
+laborious and costly processes whereby the diamonds are gotten out of the
+deeps of the earth and freed from the base stuffs which imprison them is
+the visit to the De Beers offices in the town of Kimberley, where the
+result of each day's mining is brought every day, and, weighed, assorted,
+valued, and deposited in safes against shipping-day.  An unknown and
+unaccredited person cannot, get into that place; and it seemed apparent
+from the generous supply of warning and protective and prohibitory signs
+that were posted all about, that not even the known and accredited can
+steal diamonds there without inconvenience.
+
+We saw the day's output--shining little nests of diamonds, distributed a
+foot apart, along a counter, each nest reposing upon a sheet of white
+paper.  That day's catch was about $70,000 worth.  In the course of a
+year half a ton of diamonds pass under the scales there and sleep on that
+counter; the resulting money is $18,000,000 or $20,000,000.  Profit,
+about $12,000,000.
+
+Young girls were doing the sorting--a nice, clean, dainty, and probably
+distressing employment.  Every day ducal incomes sift and sparkle through
+the fingers of those young girls; yet they go to bed at night as poor as
+they were when they got up in the morning.  The same thing next day, and
+all the days.
+
+They are beautiful things, those diamonds, in their native state.  They
+are of various shapes; they have flat surfaces, rounded borders, and
+never a sharp edge.  They are of all colors and shades of color, from
+dewdrop white to actual black; and their smooth and rounded surfaces and
+contours, variety of color, and transparent limpidity make them look like
+piles of assorted candies.  A very light straw color is their commonest
+tint.  It seemed to me that these uncut gems must be more beautiful than
+any cut ones could be; but when a collection of cut ones was brought out,
+I saw my mistake.  Nothing is so beautiful as a rose diamond with the
+light playing through it, except that uncostly thing which is just like
+it--wavy sea-water with the sunlight playing through it and striking a
+white-sand bottom.
+
+Before the middle of July we reached Cape Town, and the end of our
+African journeyings.  And well satisfied; for, towering above us was
+Table Mountain--a reminder that we had now seen each and all of the great
+features of South Africa except Mr. Cecil Rhodes.  I realize that that is
+a large exception.  I know quite well that whether Mr. Rhodes is the
+lofty and worshipful patriot and statesman that multitudes believe him to
+be, or Satan come again, as the rest of the world account him, he is
+still the most imposing figure in the British empire outside of England.
+When he stands on the Cape of Good Hope, his shadow falls to the Zambesi.
+He is the only colonial in the British dominions whose goings and comings
+are chronicled and discussed under all the globe's meridians, and whose
+speeches, unclipped, are cabled from the ends of the earth; and he is the
+only unroyal outsider whose arrival in London can compete for attention
+with an eclipse.
+
+That he is an extraordinary man, and not an accident of fortune, not even
+his dearest South African enemies were willing to deny, so far as I heard
+them testify.  The whole South African world seemed to stand in a kind of
+shuddering awe of him, friend and enemy alike.  It was as if he were
+deputy-God on the one side, deputy-Satan on the other, proprietor of the
+people, able to make them or ruin them by his breath, worshiped by many,
+hated by many, but blasphemed by none among the judicious, and even by
+the indiscreet in guarded whispers only.
+
+What is the secret of his formidable supremacy?  One says it is his
+prodigious wealth--a wealth whose drippings in salaries and in other ways
+support multitudes and make them his interested and loyal vassals;
+another says it is his personal magnetism and his persuasive tongue, and
+that these hypnotize and make happy slaves of all that drift within the
+circle of their influence; another says it is his majestic ideas, his
+vast schemes for the territorial aggrandizement of England, his patriotic
+and unselfish ambition to spread her beneficent protection and her just
+rule over the pagan wastes of Africa and make luminous the African
+darkness with the glory of her name; and another says he wants the earth
+and wants it for his own, and that the belief that he will get it and let
+his friends in on the ground floor is the secret that rivets so many eyes
+upon him and keeps him in the zenith where the view is unobstructed.
+
+One may take his choice.  They are all the same price.  One fact is sure:
+he keeps his prominence and a vast following, no matter what he does.  He
+"deceives" the Duke of Fife--it is the Duke's word--but that does not
+destroy the Duke's loyalty to him.  He tricks the Reformers into immense
+trouble with his Raid, but the most of them believe he meant well.  He
+weeps over the harshly--taxed Johannesburgers and makes them his friends;
+at the same time he taxes his Charter-settlers 50 per cent., and so wins
+their affection and their confidence that they are squelched with despair
+at every rumor that the Charter is to be annulled.  He raids and robs and
+slays and enslaves the Matabele and gets worlds of Charter-Christian
+applause for it.  He has beguiled England into buying Charter waste paper
+for Bank of England notes, ton for ton, and the ravished still burn
+incense to him as the Eventual God of Plenty.  He has done everything he
+could think of to pull himself down to the ground; he has done more than
+enough to pull sixteen common-run great men down; yet there he stands, to
+this day, upon his dizzy summit under the dome of the sky, an apparent
+permanency, the marvel of the time, the mystery of the age, an Archangel
+with wings to half the world, Satan with a tail to the other half.
+
+I admire him, I frankly confess it; and when his time comes I shall buy a
+piece of the rope for a keepsake.
+
+
+
+
+CONCLUSION.
+
+I have traveled more than anyone else, and I have noticed that even the
+angels speak English with an accent.
+                                  --Pudd'nhead Wilson's New Calendar.
+
+I saw Table Rock, anyway--a majestic pile.  It is 3,000 feet high.  It is
+also 17,000 feet high.  These figures may be relied upon.  I got them in
+Cape Town from the two best-informed citizens, men who had made Table
+Rock the study of their lives.  And I saw Table Bay, so named for its
+levelness.  I saw the Castle--built by the Dutch East India Company three
+hundred years ago--where the Commanding General lives; I saw St. Simon's
+Bay, where the Admiral lives.  I saw the Government, also the Parliament,
+where they quarreled in two languages when I was there, and agreed in
+none.  I saw the club.  I saw and explored the beautiful sea-girt drives
+that wind about the mountains and through the paradise where the villas
+are: Also I saw some of the fine old Dutch mansions, pleasant homes of
+the early times, pleasant homes to-day, and enjoyed the privilege of
+their hospitalities.
+
+And just before I sailed I saw in one of them a quaint old picture which
+was a link in a curious romance--a picture of a pale, intellectual young
+man in a pink coat with a high black collar.  It was a portrait of Dr.
+James Barry, a military surgeon who came out to the Cape fifty years ago
+with his regiment.  He was a wild young fellow, and was guilty of various
+kinds of misbehavior.  He was several times reported to headquarters in
+England, and it was in each case expected that orders would come out to
+deal with him promptly and severely, but for some mysterious reason no
+orders of any kind ever came back--nothing came but just an impressive
+silence.  This made him an imposing and uncanny wonder to the town.
+
+Next, he was promoted-away up.  He was made Medical Superintendent
+General, and transferred to India.  Presently he was back at the Cape
+again and at his escapades once more.  There were plenty of pretty girls,
+but none of them caught him, none of them could get hold of his heart;
+evidently he was not a marrying man.  And that was another marvel,
+another puzzle, and made no end of perplexed talk.  Once he was called in
+the night, an obstetric service, to do what he could for a woman who was
+believed to be dying.  He was prompt and scientific, and saved both
+mother and child.  There are other instances of record which testify to
+his mastership of his profession; and many which testify to his love of
+it and his devotion to it.  Among other adventures of his was a duel of a
+desperate sort, fought with swords, at the Castle.  He killed his man.
+
+The child heretofore mentioned as having been saved by Dr. Barry so long
+ago, was named for him, and still lives in Cape Town.  He had Dr.
+Barry's portrait painted, and gave it to the gentleman in whose old Dutch
+house I saw it--the quaint figure in pink coat and high black collar.
+
+The story seems to be arriving nowhere.  But that is because I have not
+finished.  Dr. Barry died in Cape Town 30 years ago.  It was then
+discovered that he was a woman.
+
+The legend goes that enquiries--soon silenced--developed the fact that
+she was a daughter of a great English house, and that that was why her
+Cape wildnesses brought no punishment and got no notice when reported to
+the government at home.  Her name was an alias.  She had disgraced
+herself with her people; so she chose to change her name and her sex and
+take a new start in the world.
+
+We sailed on the 15th of July in the Norman, a beautiful ship, perfectly
+appointed.  The voyage to England occupied a short fortnight, without a
+stop except at Madeira.  A good and restful voyage for tired people, and
+there were several of us.  I seemed to have been lecturing a thousand
+years, though it was only a twelvemonth, and a considerable number of the
+others were Reformers who were fagged out with their five months of
+seclusion in the Pretoria prison.
+
+Our trip around the earth ended at the Southampton pier, where we
+embarked thirteen months before.  It seemed a fine and large thing to
+have accomplished--the circumnavigation of this great globe in that
+little time, and I was privately proud of it.  For a moment.
+Then came one of those vanity-snubbing astronomical reports from the
+Observatory-people, whereby it appeared that another great body of light
+had lately flamed up in the remotenesses of space which was traveling at
+a gait which would enable it to do all that I had done in a minute and a
+half. Human pride is not worth while; there is always something lying in
+wait to take the wind out of it.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Following the Equator, Complete
+by Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens)
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FOLLOWING THE EQUATOR, COMPLETE ***
+
+***** This file should be named 2895.txt or 2895.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.net/2/8/9/2895/
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.net/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.net),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including including checks, online payments and credit card
+donations.  To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.net
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5370e0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class OverCircle {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  int gray; // Gray value
+
+  OverCircle(int xp, int yp, int d) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    diameter = d;
+    gray = 0;
+  }
+
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if (dist(mx, my, x, y) < diameter / 2) {
+      gray = 255;
+    } else {
+      gray = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    fill(gray);
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b90c455ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class OverRect {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height) of the rectangle
+  int gray; // Gray value
+
+  OverRect(int xp, int yp, int s) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    gray = 0;
+  }
+
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx > x) && (mx < x + size) && (my > y) && (my < y + size)) {
+      gray = 255;
+    } else {
+      gray = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    fill(gray);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/OverCircle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/OverCircle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5370e0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/OverCircle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class OverCircle {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  int gray; // Gray value
+
+  OverCircle(int xp, int yp, int d) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    diameter = d;
+    gray = 0;
+  }
+
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if (dist(mx, my, x, y) < diameter / 2) {
+      gray = 255;
+    } else {
+      gray = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    fill(gray);
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/OverRect.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/OverRect.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b90c455ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/OverRect.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class OverRect {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height) of the rectangle
+  int gray; // Gray value
+
+  OverRect(int xp, int yp, int s) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    gray = 0;
+  }
+
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx > x) && (mx < x + size) && (my > y) && (my < y + size)) {
+      gray = 255;
+    } else {
+      gray = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    fill(gray);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bd49f80c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Requires the OverRect and OverCircle classes
+OverRect r = new OverRect(9, 30, 36);
+OverCircle c = new OverCircle(72, 48, 40);
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  r.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  r.display();
+  c.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  c.display();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/OverCircle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/OverCircle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5370e0f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/OverCircle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class OverCircle {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int diameter; // Diameter of the circle
+  int gray; // Gray value
+
+  OverCircle(int xp, int yp, int d) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    diameter = d;
+    gray = 0;
+  }
+
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if (dist(mx, my, x, y) < diameter / 2) {
+      gray = 255;
+    } else {
+      gray = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    fill(gray);
+    ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/OverRect.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/OverRect.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b90c455ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/OverRect.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class OverRect {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height) of the rectangle
+  int gray; // Gray value
+
+  OverRect(int xp, int yp, int s) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    gray = 0;
+  }
+
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx > x) && (mx < x + size) && (my > y) && (my < y + size)) {
+      gray = 255;
+    } else {
+      gray = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    fill(gray);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b033ad3e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+void update(int mx, int my) {
+  if (dist(mx, my, x, y) < diameter / 2) {
+    if (gray < 250) {
+      gray++;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (gray > 0.0) {
+      gray--;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5c5b63ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+class Button {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height)
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  color overGray; // Value when mouse is over the button
+  color pressGray; // Value when mouse is over and pressed
+  boolean over = false; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean pressed = false; // True when the mouse is over and pressed
+
+  Button(int xp, int yp, int s, color b, color o, color p) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+    overGray = o;
+    pressGray = p;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the over field every frame
+  void update() {
+    if ((mouseX >= x) && (mouseX <= x + size) &&
+        (mouseY >= y) && (mouseY <= y + size)) {
+      over = true;
+    } else {
+      over = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  boolean press() {
+    if (over == true) {
+      pressed = true;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void release() {
+    pressed = false; // Set to false when the mouse is released
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (pressed == true) {
+      fill(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      fill(overGray);
+    } else {
+      fill(baseGray);
+    }
+    stroke(255);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_06/Button.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_06/Button.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5c5b63ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_06/Button.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+class Button {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height)
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  color overGray; // Value when mouse is over the button
+  color pressGray; // Value when mouse is over and pressed
+  boolean over = false; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean pressed = false; // True when the mouse is over and pressed
+
+  Button(int xp, int yp, int s, color b, color o, color p) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+    overGray = o;
+    pressGray = p;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the over field every frame
+  void update() {
+    if ((mouseX >= x) && (mouseX <= x + size) &&
+        (mouseY >= y) && (mouseY <= y + size)) {
+      over = true;
+    } else {
+      over = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  boolean press() {
+    if (over == true) {
+      pressed = true;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void release() {
+    pressed = false; // Set to false when the mouse is released
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (pressed == true) {
+      fill(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      fill(overGray);
+    } else {
+      fill(baseGray);
+    }
+    stroke(255);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e9b58b505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+Button button;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+// Inputs: x, y, size,
+// base color, over color, press color
+  button = new Button(25, 25, 50,
+                      color(204), color(255), color(0));
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  stroke(255);
+  button.update();
+  button.display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  button.press();
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  button.release();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_07/Button.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_07/Button.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d5c5b63ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_07/Button.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+class Button {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height)
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  color overGray; // Value when mouse is over the button
+  color pressGray; // Value when mouse is over and pressed
+  boolean over = false; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean pressed = false; // True when the mouse is over and pressed
+
+  Button(int xp, int yp, int s, color b, color o, color p) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+    overGray = o;
+    pressGray = p;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the over field every frame
+  void update() {
+    if ((mouseX >= x) && (mouseX <= x + size) &&
+        (mouseY >= y) && (mouseY <= y + size)) {
+      over = true;
+    } else {
+      over = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  boolean press() {
+    if (over == true) {
+      pressed = true;
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void release() {
+    pressed = false; // Set to false when the mouse is released
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (pressed == true) {
+      fill(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      fill(overGray);
+    } else {
+      fill(baseGray);
+    }
+    stroke(255);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c7d0c4371
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Requires the Button class
+Button button1, button2, button3;
+int mode = 1;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  color gray = color(204);
+  color white = color(255);
+  color black = color(0);
+  button1 = new Button(10, 80, 10, gray, white, black);
+  button2 = new Button(25, 80, 10, gray, white, black);
+  button3 = new Button(40, 80, 10, gray, white, black);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  manageButtons();
+  noStroke();
+  fill(0);
+  if (mode == 1) {
+    ellipse(0, 40, 60, 60);
+  } else if (mode == 2) {
+    ellipse(50, 40, 60, 60);
+  } else if (mode == 3) {
+    ellipse(100, 40, 60, 60);
+  }
+}
+
+void manageButtons() {
+  button1.update();
+  button2.update();
+  button3.update();
+  button1.display();
+  button2.display();
+  button3.display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  if (button1.press() == true) {
+    mode = 1;
+  }
+  if (button2.press() == true) {
+    mode = 2;
+  }
+  if (button3.press() == true) {
+    mode = 3;
+  }
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  button1.release();
+  button2.release();
+  button3.release();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0d2217b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Check {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height)
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  boolean checked = false; // True when the check box is selected
+
+  Check(int xp, int yp, int s, color b) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+  }
+
+  // Updates the boolean variable checked
+  void press(float mx, float my) {
+    if ((mx >= x) && (mx <= x + size) && (my >= y) && (my <= y + size)) {
+      checked = !checked; // Toggle the check box on and off
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the box and an X inside if the checked variable is true
+  void display() {
+    stroke(255);
+    fill(baseGray);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+    if (checked == true) {
+      line(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      line(x + size, y, x, y + size);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_09/Check.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_09/Check.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0d2217b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_09/Check.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Check {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height)
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  boolean checked = false; // True when the check box is selected
+
+  Check(int xp, int yp, int s, color b) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+  }
+
+  // Updates the boolean variable checked
+  void press(float mx, float my) {
+    if ((mx >= x) && (mx <= x + size) && (my >= y) && (my <= y + size)) {
+      checked = !checked; // Toggle the check box on and off
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the box and an X inside if the checked variable is true
+  void display() {
+    stroke(255);
+    fill(baseGray);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+    if (checked == true) {
+      line(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      line(x + size, y, x, y + size);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..54b9f1d44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Check check;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+// Inputs: x, y, size, fill color
+  check = new Check(25, 25, 50, color(0));
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  check.display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  check.press(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_10/Check.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_10/Check.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d0d2217b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_10/Check.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Check {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height)
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  boolean checked = false; // True when the check box is selected
+
+  Check(int xp, int yp, int s, color b) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+  }
+
+  // Updates the boolean variable checked
+  void press(float mx, float my) {
+    if ((mx >= x) && (mx <= x + size) && (my >= y) && (my <= y + size)) {
+      checked = !checked; // Toggle the check box on and off
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the box and an X inside if the checked variable is true
+  void display() {
+    stroke(255);
+    fill(baseGray);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+    if (checked == true) {
+      line(x, y, x + size, y + size);
+      line(x + size, y, x, y + size);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6b20c3db2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Requires the Check class
+int numChecks = 25;
+Check[] checks = new Check[numChecks];
+
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  int x = 14;
+  int y = 14;
+  for (int i = 0; i < numChecks; i++) {
+    checks[i] = new Check(x, y, 12, color(0));
+    x += 15;
+    if (x > 80) {
+      x = 14;
+      y += 15;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numChecks; i++) {
+    checks[i].display();
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < numChecks; i++) {
+    checks[i].press(mouseX, mouseY);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c37a79e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+class Radio {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates of the rect
+  int size, dotSize; // Dimension of circle, inner circle
+  color baseGray, dotGray; // Circle gray value, inner gray value
+  boolean checked = false; // True when the button is selected
+  int me; // ID number for this Radio object
+  Radio[] others; // Array of all other Radio objects
+
+  Radio(int xp, int yp, int s, color b, color d, int m, Radio[] o) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    dotSize = size - size / 3;
+    ;
+    baseGray = b;
+    dotGray = d;
+    others = o;
+    me = m;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the boolean value press, returns true or false
+  boolean press(float mx, float my) {
+    if (dist(x, y, mx, my) < size / 2) {
+      checked = true;
+      for (int i = 0; i < others.length; i++) {
+        if (i != me) {
+          others[i].checked = false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the element to the display window
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(baseGray);
+    ellipse(x, y, size, size);
+    if (checked == true) {
+      fill(dotGray);
+      ellipse(x, y, dotSize, dotSize);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_12/Radio.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_12/Radio.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c37a79e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_12/Radio.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+class Radio {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates of the rect
+  int size, dotSize; // Dimension of circle, inner circle
+  color baseGray, dotGray; // Circle gray value, inner gray value
+  boolean checked = false; // True when the button is selected
+  int me; // ID number for this Radio object
+  Radio[] others; // Array of all other Radio objects
+
+  Radio(int xp, int yp, int s, color b, color d, int m, Radio[] o) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    dotSize = size - size / 3;
+    ;
+    baseGray = b;
+    dotGray = d;
+    others = o;
+    me = m;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the boolean value press, returns true or false
+  boolean press(float mx, float my) {
+    if (dist(x, y, mx, my) < size / 2) {
+      checked = true;
+      for (int i = 0; i < others.length; i++) {
+        if (i != me) {
+          others[i].checked = false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the element to the display window
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(baseGray);
+    ellipse(x, y, size, size);
+    if (checked == true) {
+      fill(dotGray);
+      ellipse(x, y, dotSize, dotSize);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d39a30d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Radio[] buttons = new Radio[2];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+// Inputs: x, y, size, base color, fill color,
+// id number, array of others
+  buttons[0] = new Radio(33, 50, 30, color(255), color(0),
+                         0, buttons);
+  buttons[1] = new Radio(66, 50, 30, color(255), color(0),
+                         1, buttons);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  buttons[0].display();
+  buttons[1].display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  buttons[0].press(mouseX, mouseY);
+  buttons[1].press(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_13/Radio.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_13/Radio.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7c37a79e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_13/Radio.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+class Radio {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates of the rect
+  int size, dotSize; // Dimension of circle, inner circle
+  color baseGray, dotGray; // Circle gray value, inner gray value
+  boolean checked = false; // True when the button is selected
+  int me; // ID number for this Radio object
+  Radio[] others; // Array of all other Radio objects
+
+  Radio(int xp, int yp, int s, color b, color d, int m, Radio[] o) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    size = s;
+    dotSize = size - size / 3;
+    ;
+    baseGray = b;
+    dotGray = d;
+    others = o;
+    me = m;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the boolean value press, returns true or false
+  boolean press(float mx, float my) {
+    if (dist(x, y, mx, my) < size / 2) {
+      checked = true;
+      for (int i = 0; i < others.length; i++) {
+        if (i != me) {
+          others[i].checked = false;
+        }
+      }
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the element to the display window
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(baseGray);
+    ellipse(x, y, size, size);
+    if (checked == true) {
+      fill(dotGray);
+      ellipse(x, y, dotSize, dotSize);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..64151526c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+int numButtons = 7;
+Radio[] buttons = new Radio[numButtons];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  for (int i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++) {
+    int x = i * 12 + 14;
+    buttons[i] = new Radio(x, 50, 10, color(255), color(0),
+                           i, buttons);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  for (int i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++) {
+    buttons[i].display();
+  }
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  for (int i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++) {
+    buttons[i].press(mouseX, mouseY);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2b87d7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+class Scrollbar {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float sw, sh; // Width and height of scrollbar
+  float pos; // Position of thumb
+  float posMin, posMax; // Max and min values of thumb
+  boolean rollover; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean locked; // True when its the active scrollbar
+  float minVal, maxVal; // Min and max values for the thumb
+  Scrollbar(int xp, int yp, int w, int h, float miv, float mav) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    sw = w;
+    sh = h;
+    minVal = miv;
+    maxVal = mav;
+    pos = x + sw / 2 - sh / 2;
+    posMin = x;
+    posMax = x + sw - sh;
+  }
+
+  // Updates the over boolean and the position of the thumb
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if (over(mx, my) == true) {
+      rollover = true;
+    } else {
+      rollover = false;
+    }
+    if (locked == true) {
+      pos = constrain(mx - sh / 2, posMin, posMax);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Locks the thumb so the mouse can move off and still update
+  void press(int mx, int my) {
+    if (rollover == true) {
+      locked = true;
+    } else {
+      locked = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Resets the scrollbar to neutral
+  void release() {
+    locked = false;
+  }
+  
+  // Returns true if the cursor is over the scrollbar
+  boolean over(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx > x) && (mx < x + sw) && (my > y) && (my < y + sh)) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the scrollbar to the screen
+  void display() {
+    fill(255);
+    rect(x, y, sw, sh);
+    if ((rollover == true) || (locked == true)) {
+      fill(0);
+    } else {
+      fill(102);
+    }
+    rect(pos, y, sh, sh);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the current value of the thumb
+  float getPos() {
+    float scalar = sw / (sw - sh);
+    float ratio = (pos - x) * scalar;
+    float offset = minVal + (ratio / sw * (maxVal - minVal));
+    return offset;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/Scrollbar.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/Scrollbar.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2b87d7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/Scrollbar.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+class Scrollbar {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float sw, sh; // Width and height of scrollbar
+  float pos; // Position of thumb
+  float posMin, posMax; // Max and min values of thumb
+  boolean rollover; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean locked; // True when its the active scrollbar
+  float minVal, maxVal; // Min and max values for the thumb
+  Scrollbar(int xp, int yp, int w, int h, float miv, float mav) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    sw = w;
+    sh = h;
+    minVal = miv;
+    maxVal = mav;
+    pos = x + sw / 2 - sh / 2;
+    posMin = x;
+    posMax = x + sw - sh;
+  }
+
+  // Updates the over boolean and the position of the thumb
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if (over(mx, my) == true) {
+      rollover = true;
+    } else {
+      rollover = false;
+    }
+    if (locked == true) {
+      pos = constrain(mx - sh / 2, posMin, posMax);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Locks the thumb so the mouse can move off and still update
+  void press(int mx, int my) {
+    if (rollover == true) {
+      locked = true;
+    } else {
+      locked = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Resets the scrollbar to neutral
+  void release() {
+    locked = false;
+  }
+  
+  // Returns true if the cursor is over the scrollbar
+  boolean over(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx > x) && (mx < x + sw) && (my > y) && (my < y + sh)) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the scrollbar to the screen
+  void display() {
+    fill(255);
+    rect(x, y, sw, sh);
+    if ((rollover == true) || (locked == true)) {
+      fill(0);
+    } else {
+      fill(102);
+    }
+    rect(pos, y, sh, sh);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the current value of the thumb
+  float getPos() {
+    float scalar = sw / (sw - sh);
+    float ratio = (pos - x) * scalar;
+    float offset = minVal + (ratio / sw * (maxVal - minVal));
+    return offset;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..506f8003e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+Scrollbar bar1, bar2;
+PFont font;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+// Inputs: x, y, width, height, minVal, maxVal
+  bar1 = new Scrollbar(10, 35, 80, 10, 0.0, 100.0);
+  bar2 = new Scrollbar(10, 55, 80, 10, 0.0, 1.0);
+  font = loadFont("Courier-30.vlw");
+  textFont(font);
+  textAlign(CENTER);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  fill(0);
+  int pos1 = int(bar1.getPos());
+  text(nf(pos1, 2), 50, 30);
+  float pos2 = bar2.getPos();
+  text(nf(pos2, 1, 2), 50, 90);
+  bar1.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  bar2.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  bar1.display();
+  bar2.display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  bar1.press(mouseX, mouseY);
+  bar2.press(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  bar1.release();
+  bar2.release();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/data/Courier-30.vlw b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/data/Courier-30.vlw
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..8c0fb84a6
Binary files /dev/null and b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_15/data/Courier-30.vlw differ
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_16/Scrollbar.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_16/Scrollbar.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..e2b87d7e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_16/Scrollbar.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+class Scrollbar {
+  int x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float sw, sh; // Width and height of scrollbar
+  float pos; // Position of thumb
+  float posMin, posMax; // Max and min values of thumb
+  boolean rollover; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean locked; // True when its the active scrollbar
+  float minVal, maxVal; // Min and max values for the thumb
+  Scrollbar(int xp, int yp, int w, int h, float miv, float mav) {
+    x = xp;
+    y = yp;
+    sw = w;
+    sh = h;
+    minVal = miv;
+    maxVal = mav;
+    pos = x + sw / 2 - sh / 2;
+    posMin = x;
+    posMax = x + sw - sh;
+  }
+
+  // Updates the over boolean and the position of the thumb
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if (over(mx, my) == true) {
+      rollover = true;
+    } else {
+      rollover = false;
+    }
+    if (locked == true) {
+      pos = constrain(mx - sh / 2, posMin, posMax);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Locks the thumb so the mouse can move off and still update
+  void press(int mx, int my) {
+    if (rollover == true) {
+      locked = true;
+    } else {
+      locked = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Resets the scrollbar to neutral
+  void release() {
+    locked = false;
+  }
+  
+  // Returns true if the cursor is over the scrollbar
+  boolean over(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx > x) && (mx < x + sw) && (my > y) && (my < y + sh)) {
+      return true;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Draws the scrollbar to the screen
+  void display() {
+    fill(255);
+    rect(x, y, sw, sh);
+    if ((rollover == true) || (locked == true)) {
+      fill(0);
+    } else {
+      fill(102);
+    }
+    rect(pos, y, sh, sh);
+  }
+
+  // Returns the current value of the thumb
+  float getPos() {
+    float scalar = sw / (sw - sh);
+    float ratio = (pos - x) * scalar;
+    float offset = minVal + (ratio / sw * (maxVal - minVal));
+    return offset;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b1d14bc6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/47 Input 7/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Requires Scrollbar Class
+Scrollbar bar;
+PImage img;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+// Inputs: x, y, width, height, minVal, maxVal
+  bar = new Scrollbar(10, 45, 80, 10, -200.0, 0.0);
+  img = loadImage("landscape.jpg");
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  int x = int(bar.getPos());
+  image(img, x, 0);
+  bar.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  bar.display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  bar.press(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  bar.release();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..7aa9ca990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+Spot sp1, sp2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noLoop();
+// Run the constructore without parameters
+  sp1 = new Spot();
+// Run the constructor with three parameters
+  sp2 = new Spot(66, 50, 20);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  sp1.display();
+  sp2.display();
+}
+
+class Spot {
+  float x, y, radius;
+// First version of the Spot constructor,
+// the fields are assigned default values
+  Spot() {
+    x = 33;
+    y = 50;
+    radius = 8;
+  }
+// Second version of the Spot constructor,
+// the fields are assigned with parameters
+  Spot(float xpos, float ypos, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/Egg.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/Egg.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dac8bfe21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/Egg.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+class Egg {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float tilt; // Left and right angle offset
+  float angle; // Used to define the tilt
+  float scalar; // Height of the egg
+  
+  // Constructor
+  Egg(int xpos, int ypos, float t, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    tilt = t;
+    scalar = s / 100.0;
+  }
+
+  void wobble() {
+    tilt = cos(angle) / 8;
+    angle += 0.1;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(255);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(tilt);
+    scale(scalar);
+    beginShape();
+    vertex(0, -100);
+    bezierVertex(25, -100, 40, -65, 40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(40, -15, 25, 0, 0, 0);
+    bezierVertex(-25, 0, -40, -15, -40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(-40, -65, -25, -100, 0, -100);
+    endShape();
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/Ring.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/Ring.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47a8b20bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/Ring.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+class Ring {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the ring
+  boolean on = false; // Turns the display on and off
+
+  void start(float xpos, float ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    on = true;
+    diameter = 1;
+  }
+
+  void grow() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      diameter += 0.5;
+      if (diameter > 400) {
+        on = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      noFill();
+      strokeWeight(4);
+      stroke(15, 153);
+      ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4ebd4ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Requires Egg and Ring classes (codes 43-08 and 43-11)
+class EggRing {
+  Egg ovoid;
+  Ring circle = new Ring();
+
+  EggRing(int x, int y, float t, float sp) {
+    ovoid = new Egg(x, y, t, sp);
+    circle.start(x, y - sp / 2);
+  }
+
+  void transmit() {
+    ovoid.wobble();
+    ovoid.display();
+    circle.grow();
+    circle.display();
+    if (circle.on == false) {
+      circle.on = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/Egg.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/Egg.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dac8bfe21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/Egg.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+class Egg {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float tilt; // Left and right angle offset
+  float angle; // Used to define the tilt
+  float scalar; // Height of the egg
+  
+  // Constructor
+  Egg(int xpos, int ypos, float t, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    tilt = t;
+    scalar = s / 100.0;
+  }
+
+  void wobble() {
+    tilt = cos(angle) / 8;
+    angle += 0.1;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    fill(255);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(tilt);
+    scale(scalar);
+    beginShape();
+    vertex(0, -100);
+    bezierVertex(25, -100, 40, -65, 40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(40, -15, 25, 0, 0, 0);
+    bezierVertex(-25, 0, -40, -15, -40, -40);
+    bezierVertex(-40, -65, -25, -100, 0, -100);
+    endShape();
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/EggRing.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/EggRing.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b4ebd4ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/EggRing.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Requires Egg and Ring classes (codes 43-08 and 43-11)
+class EggRing {
+  Egg ovoid;
+  Ring circle = new Ring();
+
+  EggRing(int x, int y, float t, float sp) {
+    ovoid = new Egg(x, y, t, sp);
+    circle.start(x, y - sp / 2);
+  }
+
+  void transmit() {
+    ovoid.wobble();
+    ovoid.display();
+    circle.grow();
+    circle.display();
+    if (circle.on == false) {
+      circle.on = true;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/Ring.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/Ring.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..47a8b20bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/Ring.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+class Ring {
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float diameter; // Diameter of the ring
+  boolean on = false; // Turns the display on and off
+
+  void start(float xpos, float ypos) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    on = true;
+    diameter = 1;
+  }
+
+  void grow() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      diameter += 0.5;
+      if (diameter > 400) {
+        on = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    if (on == true) {
+      noFill();
+      strokeWeight(4);
+      stroke(15, 153);
+      ellipse(x, y, diameter, diameter);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..77fc3e022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+EggRing er1, er2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  er1 = new EggRing(33, 66, 0.1, 33);
+  er2 = new EggRing(66, 90, 0.05, 66);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  er1.transmit();
+  er2.transmit();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d30394fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Spin {
+  float x, y, speed;
+  float angle = 0.0;
+
+  Spin(float xpos, float ypos, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    speed = s;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    angle += speed;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_05/Spin.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_05/Spin.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d30394fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_05/Spin.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Spin {
+  float x, y, speed;
+  float angle = 0.0;
+
+  Spin(float xpos, float ypos, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    speed = s;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    angle += speed;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2c2a6f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+class SpinArm extends Spin {
+  SpinArm(float x, float y, float s) {
+    super(x, y, s);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    strokeWeight(1);
+    stroke(0);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    angle += speed;
+    rotate(angle);
+    line(0, 0, 100, 0);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_06/Spin.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_06/Spin.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d30394fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_06/Spin.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Spin {
+  float x, y, speed;
+  float angle = 0.0;
+
+  Spin(float xpos, float ypos, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    speed = s;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    angle += speed;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4055a3f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class SpinSpots extends Spin {
+  float dim;
+
+  SpinSpots(float x, float y, float s, float d) {
+    super(x, y, s);
+    dim = d;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    angle += speed;
+    rotate(angle);
+    ellipse(-dim / 2, 0, dim, dim);
+    ellipse(dim / 2, 0, dim, dim);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/Spin.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/Spin.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d30394fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/Spin.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Spin {
+  float x, y, speed;
+  float angle = 0.0;
+
+  Spin(float xpos, float ypos, float s) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    speed = s;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    angle += speed;
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/SpinArm.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/SpinArm.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a2c2a6f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/SpinArm.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+class SpinArm extends Spin {
+  SpinArm(float x, float y, float s) {
+    super(x, y, s);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    strokeWeight(1);
+    stroke(0);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    angle += speed;
+    rotate(angle);
+    line(0, 0, 100, 0);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/SpinSpots.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/SpinSpots.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4055a3f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/SpinSpots.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class SpinSpots extends Spin {
+  float dim;
+
+  SpinSpots(float x, float y, float s, float d) {
+    super(x, y, s);
+    dim = d;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    noStroke();
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    angle += speed;
+    rotate(angle);
+    ellipse(-dim / 2, 0, dim, dim);
+    ellipse(dim / 2, 0, dim, dim);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..fc32e6e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+SpinSpots spots;
+SpinArm arm;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  arm = new SpinArm(width / 2, height / 2, 0.01);
+  spots = new SpinSpots(width / 2, height / 2, -0.02, 33.0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  arm.update();
+  arm.display();
+  spots.update();
+  spots.display();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_08/Button.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_08/Button.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c798487eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_08/Button.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+class Button {
+  int x, y; // x-coordinate, y-coordinate of the rectangle
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height) of the rectangle
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  color overGray; // Gray value when mouse is over the button
+  color pressGray; // Gray value when mouse is over and pressed
+  boolean over = false; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean press = false; // True when the mouse is over and pressed
+
+  Button(int xpos, int ypos, int s, color b, color o, color p) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+    overGray = o;
+    pressGray = p;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the over field every frame
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx >= x) && (mx <= x+size) &&
+        (my >= y) && (my <= y+size)) {
+      over = true;
+    } 
+    else {
+      over = false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the press boolean when mouse is pressed
+  boolean press() {
+    if (over == true) {
+      press = true;
+      return true;
+    } 
+    else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Sets the press boolean to false when mouse is released
+  void release() {
+    press = false;
+  }
+  
+  // Draws the button
+  void display() {
+    if (press == true) {
+      fill(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      fill(overGray);
+    } else {
+      fill(baseGray);
+    }
+    stroke(255);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99e26e5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class DragButton extends Button {
+  int xoff, yoff;
+
+  DragButton(int x, int y, int s, color bv, color ov, color pv) {
+    super(x, y, s, bv, ov, pv);
+  }
+
+  void press(int mx, int my) {
+    super.press();
+    xoff = mx - x;
+    yoff = my - y;
+  }
+
+  void drag(int mx, int my) {
+    if (press == true) {
+      x = mx - xoff;
+      y = my - yoff;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/Button.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/Button.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c798487eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/Button.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+class Button {
+  int x, y; // x-coordinate, y-coordinate of the rectangle
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height) of the rectangle
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  color overGray; // Gray value when mouse is over the button
+  color pressGray; // Gray value when mouse is over and pressed
+  boolean over = false; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean press = false; // True when the mouse is over and pressed
+
+  Button(int xpos, int ypos, int s, color b, color o, color p) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+    overGray = o;
+    pressGray = p;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the over field every frame
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx >= x) && (mx <= x+size) &&
+        (my >= y) && (my <= y+size)) {
+      over = true;
+    } 
+    else {
+      over = false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the press boolean when mouse is pressed
+  boolean press() {
+    if (over == true) {
+      press = true;
+      return true;
+    } 
+    else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Sets the press boolean to false when mouse is released
+  void release() {
+    press = false;
+  }
+  
+  // Draws the button
+  void display() {
+    if (press == true) {
+      fill(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      fill(overGray);
+    } else {
+      fill(baseGray);
+    }
+    stroke(255);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/DragButton.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/DragButton.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99e26e5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/DragButton.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class DragButton extends Button {
+  int xoff, yoff;
+
+  DragButton(int x, int y, int s, color bv, color ov, color pv) {
+    super(x, y, s, bv, ov, pv);
+  }
+
+  void press(int mx, int my) {
+    super.press();
+    xoff = mx - x;
+    yoff = my - y;
+  }
+
+  void drag(int mx, int my) {
+    if (press == true) {
+      x = mx - xoff;
+      y = my - yoff;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..92a7791b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+DragButton icon;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  color gray = color(204);
+  color white = color(255);
+  color black = color(0);
+  icon = new DragButton(21, 42, 50, gray, white, black);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  icon.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  icon.display();
+}
+
+void mousePressed() {
+  icon.press(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
+
+void mouseReleased() {
+  icon.release();
+}
+
+void mouseDragged() {
+  icon.drag(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/Button.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/Button.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c798487eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/Button.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+class Button {
+  int x, y; // x-coordinate, y-coordinate of the rectangle
+  int size; // Dimension (width and height) of the rectangle
+  color baseGray; // Default gray value
+  color overGray; // Gray value when mouse is over the button
+  color pressGray; // Gray value when mouse is over and pressed
+  boolean over = false; // True when the mouse is over
+  boolean press = false; // True when the mouse is over and pressed
+
+  Button(int xpos, int ypos, int s, color b, color o, color p) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    size = s;
+    baseGray = b;
+    overGray = o;
+    pressGray = p;
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the over field every frame
+  void update(int mx, int my) {
+    if ((mx >= x) && (mx <= x+size) &&
+        (my >= y) && (my <= y+size)) {
+      over = true;
+    } 
+    else {
+      over = false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Updates the press boolean when mouse is pressed
+  boolean press() {
+    if (over == true) {
+      press = true;
+      return true;
+    } 
+    else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  
+  // Sets the press boolean to false when mouse is released
+  void release() {
+    press = false;
+  }
+  
+  // Draws the button
+  void display() {
+    if (press == true) {
+      fill(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      fill(overGray);
+    } else {
+      fill(baseGray);
+    }
+    stroke(255);
+    rect(x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/DragButton.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/DragButton.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..99e26e5e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/DragButton.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class DragButton extends Button {
+  int xoff, yoff;
+
+  DragButton(int x, int y, int s, color bv, color ov, color pv) {
+    super(x, y, s, bv, ov, pv);
+  }
+
+  void press(int mx, int my) {
+    super.press();
+    xoff = mx - x;
+    yoff = my - y;
+  }
+
+  void drag(int mx, int my) {
+    if (press == true) {
+      x = mx - xoff;
+      y = my - yoff;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9e9e016f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/48 Structure 5/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class DragImage extends DragButton {
+  PImage img;
+  
+  DragImage(int x, int y, int d, String s) {
+    super(x, y, d, color(204), color(255), color(0));
+    img = loadImage(s);
+  }
+
+  // Override the display() from Button
+  void display() {
+    if (press == true) {
+      stroke(pressGray);
+    } else if (over == true) {
+      stroke(overGray);
+    } else {
+      stroke(baseGray);
+    }
+    noFill();
+    rect(x - 1, y - 1, size + 1, size + 1);
+    image(img, x, y, size, size);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5667cefe1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+int[] rules = { 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0 };
+int gen = 1; // Generation
+color on = color(255);
+color off = color(0);
+
+void setup() {
+  size(101, 101);
+  frameRate(8); // Slow down to 8 frames each second
+  background(0);
+  set(width / 2, 0, on); // Set the top, middle pixel to white
+}
+
+void draw() {
+// For each pixel, determine new state by examining current
+// state and neighbor states and ignore edges that have only
+// one neighbor
+  for (int i = 1; i < width - 1; i++) {
+    int left = get(i - 1, gen - 1); // Left neighbor
+    int me = get(i, gen - 1); // Current pixel
+    int right = get(i + 1, gen - 1); // Right neighbor
+    if (rules(left, me, right) == 1) {
+      set(i, gen, on);
+    }
+  }
+  gen++; // Increment the generation by 1
+  if (gen > height - 1) { // If reached the bottom of the screen,
+    noLoop(); // stop the program
+  }
+}
+// Implement the rules
+int rules(color a, color b, color c) {
+  if ((a == on) && (b == on) && (c == on)) {
+    return rules[0];
+  }
+  if ((a == on) && (b == on) && (c == off)) {
+    return rules[1];
+  }
+  if ((a == on) && (b == off) && (c == on)) {
+    return rules[2];
+  }
+  if ((a == on) && (b == off) && (c == off)) {
+    return rules[3];
+  }
+  if ((a == off) && (b == on) && (c == on)) {
+    return rules[4];
+  }
+  if ((a == off) && (b == on) && (c == off)) {
+    return rules[5];
+  }
+  if ((a == off) && (b == off) && (c == on)) {
+    return rules[6];
+  }
+  if ((a == off) && (b == off) && (c == off)) {
+    return rules[7];
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..a28a8ab16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+int[][] grid, futureGrid;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(540, 100);
+  frameRate(8);
+  grid = new int[width][height];
+  futureGrid = new int[width][height];
+  float density = 0.3 * width * height;
+  for (int i = 0; i < density; i++) {
+    grid[int(random(width))][int(random(height))] = 1;
+  }
+  background(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  for (int x = 1; x < width - 1; x++) {
+    for (int y = 1; y < height - 1; y++) {
+      // Check the number of neighbors (adjacent cells)
+      int nb = neighbors(x, y);
+      if ((grid[x][y] == 1) && (nb < 2)) {
+        futureGrid[x][y] = 0; // Isolation death
+        set(x, y, color(0));
+      } else if ((grid[x][y] == 1) && (nb > 3)) {
+        futureGrid[x][y] = 0; // Overpopulation death
+        set(x, y, color(0));
+      } else if ((grid[x][y] == 0) && (nb == 3)) {
+        futureGrid[x][y] = 1; // Birth
+        set(x, y, color(255));
+      } else {
+        futureGrid[x][y] = grid[x][y]; // Survive
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Swap current and future grids
+  int[][] temp = grid;
+  grid = futureGrid;
+  futureGrid = temp;
+}
+
+// Count the number of adjacent cells 'on'
+int neighbors(int x, int y) {
+  return grid[x][y-1] + // North
+         grid[x+1][y-1] + // Northeast
+         grid[x+1][y] + // East
+         grid[x+1][y+1] + // Souteast
+         grid[x][y+1] + // South
+         grid[x-1][y+1] + // Southwest
+         grid[x-1][y] + // West
+         grid[x-1][y-1]; // Northwest
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..21a16dfa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+int neighbors(int x, int y) {
+  int north = (y + height - 1) % height;
+  int south = (y + 1) % height;
+  int east = (x + 1) % width;
+  int west = (x + width - 1) % width;
+  return grid[x][north] + // North
+         grid[east][north] + // Northeast
+         grid[east][y] + // East
+         grid[east][south] + // Southeast
+         grid[x][south] + // South
+         grid[west][south] + // Southwest
+         grid[west][y] + // West
+         grid[west][north]; // Northwest
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4df0e09af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+int SOUTH = 0; // Direction numbers with names
+int EAST = 1; // so that the code self-documents
+int NORTH = 2;
+int WEST = 3;
+int direction = NORTH; // Current direction of the ant
+int x, y; // Ant's current position
+color ON = color(255); // Color for an 'on' pixel
+color OFF = color(0); // Color for an 'off' pixel
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  x = width / 2;
+  y = height / 2;
+  background(0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  if (direction == SOUTH) {
+    y++;
+    if (y == height) {
+      y = 0;
+    }
+  } else if (direction == EAST) {
+    x++;
+    if (x == width) {
+      x = 0;
+    }
+  } else if (direction == NORTH) {
+    if (y == 0) {
+      y = height - 1;
+    } else {
+      y--;
+    }
+  } else if (direction == WEST) {
+    if (x == 0) {
+      x = width - 1;
+    } else {
+      x--;
+    }
+  }
+  if (get(x, y) == ON) {
+    set(x, y, OFF);
+    if (direction == SOUTH) {
+      direction = WEST;
+    } else {
+      direction--;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    set(x, y, ON);
+    if (direction == WEST) {
+      direction = SOUTH;
+    } else {
+      direction++; // Rotate direction
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c60c0f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/49 Simulate 1/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+int[][] angles = { { 0, 1 }, { 1, 1 }, { 1, 0 }, { 1,-1 },
+                   { 0,-1 }, {-1,-1 }, {-1, 0 }, {-1, 1 } };
+int numAngles = angles.length;
+int x, y, nx, ny;
+int dir = 0;
+color black = color(0);
+color white = color(255);
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  background(255);
+  x = width / 2;
+  nx = x;
+  y = height / 2;
+  ny = y;
+  float woodDensity = width * height * 0.5;
+  for (int i = 0; i < woodDensity; i++) {
+    int rx = int(random(width));
+    int ry = int(random(height));
+    set(rx, ry, black);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  int rand = int(abs(random(-1, 2)));
+  dir = (dir + rand + numAngles) % numAngles;
+  nx = (nx + angles[dir][0] + width) % width;
+  ny = (ny + angles[dir][1] + height) % height;
+  if ((get(x, y) == black) && (get(nx, ny) == white)) {
+// Move the chip one space
+    set(x, y, white);
+    set(nx, ny, black);
+    x = nx;
+    y = ny;
+  }
+  else if ((get(x, y) == black) && (get(nx, ny) == black)) {
+// Move in the opposite direction
+    dir = (dir + (numAngles / 2)) % numAngles;
+    x = (x + angles[dir][0] + width) % width;
+    y = (y + angles[dir][1] + height) % height;
+  }
+  else {
+// Not carrying
+    x = nx;
+    y = ny;
+  }
+  nx = x; // Save the current position
+  ny = y;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_01/_01.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_01/_01.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d3f581d2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_01/_01.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Gradually increases the velocity
+float y = 50.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+float velocity = 0.0;
+float acceleration = 0.01;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 10);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(33, y, radius, radius);
+  velocity += acceleration; // Increase the velocity
+  y += velocity; // Update the position
+  if (y > height + radius) { // If over the bottom edge,
+    y = -radius; // move to the top
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_02/_02.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_02/_02.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..6c326eb9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_02/_02.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+float y = 50.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+float velocity = 9.0;
+float acceleration = -0.05;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(33, y, radius, radius);
+  velocity += acceleration;
+  y += velocity;
+  if (y > height + radius) {
+    y = -radius;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_03/_03.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_03/_03.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..287236d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_03/_03.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+float y = 50.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+float velocity = 8.0;
+float friction = 0.98;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  ellipse(33, y, radius, radius);
+  velocity *= friction;
+  y += velocity;
+  if (y > height + radius) {
+    y = -radius;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_04/_04.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_04/_04.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5440ca2ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_04/_04.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+float x = 33;
+float y = 5;
+float velocity = 0.0;
+float radius = 15.0;
+float friction = 0.99;
+float acceleration = 0.3;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  noStroke();
+  ellipseMode(RADIUS);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  velocity += acceleration;
+  velocity *= friction;
+  y += velocity;
+  if (y > (height - radius)) {
+    y = height - radius;
+    velocity = -velocity;
+  }
+  ellipse(x, y, radius, radius);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_05/_05.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_05/_05.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_05/_05.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_06/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_06/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_06/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_06/_06.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_06/_06.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c3334f86c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_06/_06.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+Particle p;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  p = new Particle(0, height, 2.2, -4.2, 20.0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  p.update();
+  p.display();
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_07/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_07/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_07/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_07/_07.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_07/_07.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c70a324af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_07/_07.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class GenParticle extends Particle {
+  float originX, originY;
+
+  GenParticle(int xIn, int yIn, float vxIn, float vyIn, float r, float ox, float oy) {
+    super(xIn, yIn, vxIn, vyIn, r);
+    originX = ox;
+    originY = oy;
+  }
+
+  void regenerate() {
+    if ((x > width + radius) || (x < -radius) ||
+        (y > height + radius) || (y < -radius)) {
+      x = originX;
+      y = originY;
+      vx = random(-1.0, 1.0);
+      vy = random(-4.0, -2.0);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/GenParticle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/GenParticle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..c70a324af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/GenParticle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+class GenParticle extends Particle {
+  float originX, originY;
+
+  GenParticle(int xIn, int yIn, float vxIn, float vyIn, float r, float ox, float oy) {
+    super(xIn, yIn, vxIn, vyIn, r);
+    originX = ox;
+    originY = oy;
+  }
+
+  void regenerate() {
+    if ((x > width + radius) || (x < -radius) ||
+        (y > height + radius) || (y < -radius)) {
+      x = originX;
+      y = originY;
+      vx = random(-1.0, 1.0);
+      vy = random(-4.0, -2.0);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/_08.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/_08.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b9185c07f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_08/_08.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+int numParticles = 200;
+GenParticle[] p = new GenParticle[numParticles];
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    float velX = random(-1, 1);
+    float velY = -i;
+// Inputs: x, y, x-velocity, y-velocity,
+// radius, origin x, origin y
+    p[i] = new GenParticle(width / 2, height / 2, velX, velY,
+                           5.0, width / 2, height / 2);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 36);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255, 60);
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    p[i].update();
+    p[i].regenerate();
+    p[i].display();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_09/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_09/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_09/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_09/_09.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_09/_09.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa4766598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_09/_09.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class LimitedParticle extends Particle {
+  float friction = 0.99;
+  LimitedParticle(int ix, int iy, float ivx, float ivy, float ir) {
+    super(ix, iy, ivx, ivy, ir);
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy *= friction;
+    vx *= friction;
+    super.update();
+    limit();
+  }
+
+  void limit() {
+    if (y > height - radius) {
+      vy = -vy;
+      y = constrain(y, -height * height, height - radius);
+    }
+    if ((x < radius) || (x > width - radius)) {
+      vx = -vx;
+      x = constrain(x, radius, width - radius);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/LimitedParticle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/LimitedParticle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..aa4766598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/LimitedParticle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class LimitedParticle extends Particle {
+  float friction = 0.99;
+  LimitedParticle(int ix, int iy, float ivx, float ivy, float ir) {
+    super(ix, iy, ivx, ivy, ir);
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy *= friction;
+    vx *= friction;
+    super.update();
+    limit();
+  }
+
+  void limit() {
+    if (y > height - radius) {
+      vy = -vy;
+      y = constrain(y, -height * height, height - radius);
+    }
+    if ((x < radius) || (x > width - radius)) {
+      vx = -vx;
+      x = constrain(x, radius, width - radius);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/_10.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/_10.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..635f8798b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_10/_10.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+int num = 80;
+LimitedParticle[] p = new LimitedParticle[num];
+float radius = 1.2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+  smooth();
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    float velX = random(-2, 2);
+    float velY = -i;
+// Inputs: x, y, x-velocity, y-velocity, radius
+    p[i] = new LimitedParticle(width / 2, height / 2,
+                               velX, velY, 2.2);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 24);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    p[i].update();
+    p[i].display();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_11/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_11/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..246c2050c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_11/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class Particle {
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-velocities
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+
+  Particle(int xpos, int ypos, float velx, float vely, float r) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    vx = velx;
+    vy = vely;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_11/_11.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_11/_11.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd5b4aa66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_11/_11.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class ArrowParticle extends Particle {
+  float angle = 0.0;
+  float shaftLength = 20.0;
+  ArrowParticle(int ix, int iy, float ivx, float ivy, float ir) {
+    super(ix, iy, ivx, ivy, ir);
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    super.update();
+    angle = atan2(vy, vx);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    stroke(255);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(angle);
+    scale(shaftLength);
+    strokeWeight(1.0 / shaftLength);
+    line(0, 0, 1, 0);
+    line(1, 0, 0.7, -0.3);
+    line(1, 0, 0.7, 0.3);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/ArrowParticle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/ArrowParticle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dd5b4aa66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/ArrowParticle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+class ArrowParticle extends Particle {
+  float angle = 0.0;
+  float shaftLength = 20.0;
+  ArrowParticle(int ix, int iy, float ivx, float ivy, float ir) {
+    super(ix, iy, ivx, ivy, ir);
+  }
+
+  void update() {
+    super.update();
+    angle = atan2(vy, vx);
+  }
+
+  void display() {
+    stroke(255);
+    pushMatrix();
+    translate(x, y);
+    rotate(angle);
+    scale(shaftLength);
+    strokeWeight(1.0 / shaftLength);
+    line(0, 0, 1, 0);
+    line(1, 0, 0.7, -0.3);
+    line(1, 0, 0.7, 0.3);
+    popMatrix();
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/Particle.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/Particle.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98c2333b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/Particle.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class Particle {
+  
+  float x, y; // X-coordinate, y-coordinate
+  float vx, vy; // X velocity, y velocity
+  float radius; // Particle radius
+  float gravity = 0.1;
+  
+  Particle(int xIn, int yIn, float vxIn, float vyIn, float r) {
+    x = xIn;
+    y = yIn;
+    vx = vxIn;
+    vy = vyIn;
+    radius = r;
+  }
+  
+  void update() {
+    vy = vy + gravity;
+    y += vy;
+    x += vx;
+  }
+  
+  void display() {
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/_12.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/_12.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..98ce49b9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_12/_12.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+int num = 320;
+ArrowParticle[] p = new ArrowParticle[num];
+float radius = 1.2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(600, 100);
+  smooth();
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    float velX = random(1, 8);
+    float velY = random(-5, -1);
+// Parameters: x, y, x-velocity, y-velocity, radius
+    p[i] = new ArrowParticle(0, height / 2, velX, velY, 1.2);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++) {
+    p[i].update();
+    p[i].display();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_13/_13.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_13/_13.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ef4157adc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_13/_13.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+float stiffness = 0.1;
+float damping = 0.9;
+float velocity = 0.0;
+float targetY;
+float y;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  float force = stiffness * (targetY - y); // f = -kx
+  velocity = damping * (velocity + force);
+  y += velocity;
+  rect(10, y, width - 20, 12);
+  targetY = mouseY;
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_14/_14.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_14/_14.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..9fc62279a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_14/_14.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+float y1, y2;
+float velocity1, velocity2;
+float mass1 = 1.0;
+float mass2 = 6.0;
+float stiffness = 0.1;
+float damping = 0.9;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  noStroke();
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  fill(0, 12);
+  rect(0, 0, width, height);
+  fill(255);
+  float targetY = mouseY;
+  float forceA = stiffness * (targetY - y1);
+  float accelerationY1 = forceA / mass1;
+  velocity1 = damping * (velocity1 + accelerationY1);
+  y1 += velocity1;
+  rect(10, y1, 40, 15);
+  float forceB = stiffness * (targetY - y2);
+  float accelerationY2 = forceB / mass2;
+  velocity2 = damping * (velocity2 + accelerationY2);
+  y2 += velocity2;
+  rect(50, y2, 40, 15);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_15/_15.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_15/_15.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc548351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_15/_15.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Spring2D {
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-axis velocities
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float gravity;
+  float mass;
+  float radius = 10;
+  float stiffness = 0.2;
+  float damping = 0.7;
+
+  Spring2D(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    mass = m;
+    gravity = g;
+  }
+
+  void update(float targetX, float targetY) {
+    float forceX = (targetX - x) * stiffness;
+    float ax = forceX / mass;
+    vx = damping * (vx + ax);
+    x += vx;
+    float forceY = (targetY - y) * stiffness;
+    forceY += gravity;
+    float ay = forceY / mass;
+    vy = damping * (vy + ay);
+    y += vy;
+  }
+
+  void display(float nx, float ny) {
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, y, nx, ny);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_16/Spring2D.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_16/Spring2D.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc548351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_16/Spring2D.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Spring2D {
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-axis velocities
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float gravity;
+  float mass;
+  float radius = 10;
+  float stiffness = 0.2;
+  float damping = 0.7;
+
+  Spring2D(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    mass = m;
+    gravity = g;
+  }
+
+  void update(float targetX, float targetY) {
+    float forceX = (targetX - x) * stiffness;
+    float ax = forceX / mass;
+    vx = damping * (vx + ax);
+    x += vx;
+    float forceY = (targetY - y) * stiffness;
+    forceY += gravity;
+    float ay = forceY / mass;
+    vy = damping * (vy + ay);
+    y += vy;
+  }
+
+  void display(float nx, float ny) {
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, y, nx, ny);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_16/_16.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_16/_16.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..1070dfca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_16/_16.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Spring2D s1, s2;
+float gravity = 5.0;
+float mass = 2.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+// Inputs: x, y, mass, gravity
+  s1 = new Spring2D(0.0, width / 2, mass, gravity);
+  s2 = new Spring2D(0.0, width / 2, mass, gravity);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  s1.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  s1.display(mouseX, mouseY);
+  s2.update(s1.x, s1.y);
+  s2.display(s1.x, s1.y);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_17/Spring2D.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_17/Spring2D.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc548351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_17/Spring2D.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Spring2D {
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-axis velocities
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float gravity;
+  float mass;
+  float radius = 10;
+  float stiffness = 0.2;
+  float damping = 0.7;
+
+  Spring2D(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    mass = m;
+    gravity = g;
+  }
+
+  void update(float targetX, float targetY) {
+    float forceX = (targetX - x) * stiffness;
+    float ax = forceX / mass;
+    vx = damping * (vx + ax);
+    x += vx;
+    float forceY = (targetY - y) * stiffness;
+    forceY += gravity;
+    float ay = forceY / mass;
+    vy = damping * (vy + ay);
+    y += vy;
+  }
+
+  void display(float nx, float ny) {
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, y, nx, ny);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_17/_17.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_17/_17.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..209c51df7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_17/_17.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+int numSprings = 30;
+Spring2D[] s = new Spring2D[numSprings];
+float gravity = 5.0;
+float mass = 3.0;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 900);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+  for (int i = 0; i < numSprings; i++) {
+    s[i] = new Spring2D(width / 2, i*(height / numSprings), mass, gravity);
+  }
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  s[0].update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  s[0].display(mouseX, mouseY);
+  for (int i = 1; i < numSprings; i++) {
+    s[i].update(s[i-1].x, s[i-1].y);
+    s[i].display(s[i-1].x, s[i-1].y);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_18/Spring2D.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_18/Spring2D.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc548351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_18/Spring2D.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Spring2D {
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-axis velocities
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float gravity;
+  float mass;
+  float radius = 10;
+  float stiffness = 0.2;
+  float damping = 0.7;
+
+  Spring2D(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    mass = m;
+    gravity = g;
+  }
+
+  void update(float targetX, float targetY) {
+    float forceX = (targetX - x) * stiffness;
+    float ax = forceX / mass;
+    vx = damping * (vx + ax);
+    x += vx;
+    float forceY = (targetY - y) * stiffness;
+    forceY += gravity;
+    float ay = forceY / mass;
+    vy = damping * (vy + ay);
+    y += vy;
+  }
+
+  void display(float nx, float ny) {
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, y, nx, ny);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_18/_18.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_18/_18.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbb55d438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_18/_18.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class FixedSpring extends Spring2D {
+  float springLength;
+
+  FixedSpring(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g, float s) {
+    super(xpos, ypos, m, g);
+    springLength = s;
+  }
+
+  void update(float newX, float newY) {
+    // Calculate the target position
+    float dx = x - newX;
+    float dy = y - newY;
+    float angle = atan2(dy, dx);
+    float targetX = newX + cos(angle) * springLength;
+    float targetY = newY + sin(angle) * springLength;
+
+    // Activate update method from Spring2D
+    super.update(targetX, targetY);
+
+    // Constrain to display window
+    x = constrain(x, radius, width - radius);
+    y = constrain(y, radius, height - radius);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/FixedSpring.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/FixedSpring.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbb55d438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/FixedSpring.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class FixedSpring extends Spring2D {
+  float springLength;
+
+  FixedSpring(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g, float s) {
+    super(xpos, ypos, m, g);
+    springLength = s;
+  }
+
+  void update(float newX, float newY) {
+    // Calculate the target position
+    float dx = x - newX;
+    float dy = y - newY;
+    float angle = atan2(dy, dx);
+    float targetX = newX + cos(angle) * springLength;
+    float targetY = newY + sin(angle) * springLength;
+
+    // Activate update method from Spring2D
+    super.update(targetX, targetY);
+
+    // Constrain to display window
+    x = constrain(x, radius, width - radius);
+    y = constrain(y, radius, height - radius);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/Spring2D.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/Spring2D.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc548351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/Spring2D.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Spring2D {
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-axis velocities
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float gravity;
+  float mass;
+  float radius = 10;
+  float stiffness = 0.2;
+  float damping = 0.7;
+
+  Spring2D(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    mass = m;
+    gravity = g;
+  }
+
+  void update(float targetX, float targetY) {
+    float forceX = (targetX - x) * stiffness;
+    float ax = forceX / mass;
+    vx = damping * (vx + ax);
+    x += vx;
+    float forceY = (targetY - y) * stiffness;
+    forceY += gravity;
+    float ay = forceY / mass;
+    vy = damping * (vy + ay);
+    y += vy;
+  }
+
+  void display(float nx, float ny) {
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, y, nx, ny);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/_19.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/_19.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..68e4d5804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_19/_19.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+FixedSpring s;
+float gravity = 0.5;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+// Inputs: x, y, mass, gravity, length
+  s = new FixedSpring(0.0, 50.0, 1.0, gravity, 40.0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  s.update(mouseX, mouseY);
+  s.display(mouseX, mouseY);
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/FixedSpring.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/FixedSpring.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..dbb55d438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/FixedSpring.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+class FixedSpring extends Spring2D {
+  float springLength;
+
+  FixedSpring(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g, float s) {
+    super(xpos, ypos, m, g);
+    springLength = s;
+  }
+
+  void update(float newX, float newY) {
+    // Calculate the target position
+    float dx = x - newX;
+    float dy = y - newY;
+    float angle = atan2(dy, dx);
+    float targetX = newX + cos(angle) * springLength;
+    float targetY = newY + sin(angle) * springLength;
+
+    // Activate update method from Spring2D
+    super.update(targetX, targetY);
+
+    // Constrain to display window
+    x = constrain(x, radius, width - radius);
+    y = constrain(y, radius, height - radius);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/Spring2D.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/Spring2D.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..bc548351d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/Spring2D.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+class Spring2D {
+  float vx, vy; // The x- and y-axis velocities
+  float x, y; // The x- and y-coordinates
+  float gravity;
+  float mass;
+  float radius = 10;
+  float stiffness = 0.2;
+  float damping = 0.7;
+
+  Spring2D(float xpos, float ypos, float m, float g) {
+    x = xpos;
+    y = ypos;
+    mass = m;
+    gravity = g;
+  }
+
+  void update(float targetX, float targetY) {
+    float forceX = (targetX - x) * stiffness;
+    float ax = forceX / mass;
+    vx = damping * (vx + ax);
+    x += vx;
+    float forceY = (targetY - y) * stiffness;
+    forceY += gravity;
+    float ay = forceY / mass;
+    vy = damping * (vy + ay);
+    y += vy;
+  }
+
+  void display(float nx, float ny) {
+    noStroke();
+    ellipse(x, y, radius*2, radius*2);
+    stroke(255);
+    line(x, y, nx, ny);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/_20.pde b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/_20.pde
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..78221bea8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/java/examples/Books/Processing Handbook/Units 43-51/50 Simulate 2/_20/_20.pde	
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+FixedSpring s1, s2;
+float gravity = 1.2;
+
+void setup() {
+  size(100, 100);
+  smooth();
+  fill(0);
+// Inputs: x, y, mass, gravity, length
+  s1 = new FixedSpring(45, 33, 1.5, gravity, 40.0);
+  s2 = new FixedSpring(55, 66, 1.5, gravity, 40.0);
+}
+
+void draw() {
+  background(204);
+  s1.update(s2.x, s2.y);
+  s2.update(s1.x, s1.y);
+  s1.display(s2.x, s2.y);
+  s2.display(s1.x, s1.y);
+  if (mousePressed == true) {
+    s1.x = mouseX;
+    s1.y = mouseY;
+  }
+}